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Franco R, Navarro G, Martínez-Pinilla E. The adenosine A 2A receptor in the basal ganglia: Expression, heteromerization, functional selectivity and signalling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:49-71. [PMID: 37741696 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuroregulatory nucleoside that acts through four G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), A1, A2A, A2B and A3, which are widely expressed in cells of the nervous system. The A2A receptor (A2AR), the GPCR with the highest expression in the striatum, has a similar role to that of receptors for dopamine, one of the main neurotransmitters. Neuronal and glial A2ARs participate in the modulation of dopaminergic transmission and act in almost any action in which the basal ganglia is involved. This chapter revisits the expression of the A2AR in the basal ganglia in health and disease, and describes the diversity of signalling depending on whether the receptors are expressed as monomer or as heteromer. The A2AR can interact with other receptors as adenosine A1, dopamine D2, or cannabinoid CB1 to form heteromers with relevant functions in the basal ganglia. Heteromerization, with these and other GPCRs, provides diversity to A2AR-mediated signalling and to the modulation of neurotransmission. Thus, selective A2AR antagonists have neuroprotective potential acting directly on neurons, but also through modulation of glial cell activation, for example, by decreasing neuroinflammatory events that accompany neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, A2AR antagonists are safe and their potential in the therapy of Parkinson's disease has already led to the approval of one of them, istradefylline, in Japan and United States. The receptor also has a key role in reward circuits and, again, heteromers with dopamine receptors, but also with cannabinoid CB1 receptors, participate in the events triggered by drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
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Dysfunctional Heteroreceptor Complexes as Novel Targets for the Treatment of Major Depressive and Anxiety Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111826. [PMID: 35681521 PMCID: PMC9180493 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among mental diseases, major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety deserve a special place due to their high prevalence and their negative impact both on society and patients suffering from these disorders. Consequently, the development of novel strategies designed to treat them quickly and efficiently, without or at least having limited side effects, is considered a highly important goal. Growing evidence indicates that emerging properties are developed on recognition, trafficking, and signaling of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) upon their heteromerization with other types of GPCRs, receptor tyrosine kinases, and ionotropic receptors such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Therefore, to develop new treatments for MDD and anxiety, it will be important to identify the most vulnerable heteroreceptor complexes involved in MDD and anxiety. This review focuses on how GPCRs, especially serotonin, dopamine, galanin, and opioid heteroreceptor complexes, modulate synaptic and volume transmission in the limbic networks of the brain. We attempt to provide information showing how these emerging concepts can contribute to finding new ways to treat both MDD and anxiety disorders.
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Serotonin Heteroreceptor Complexes and Their Integration of Signals in Neurons and Astroglia-Relevance for Mental Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081902. [PMID: 34440670 PMCID: PMC8392445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The heteroreceptor complexes present a novel biological principle for signal integration. These complexes and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions are bidirectional and novel targets for treatment of CNS diseases including mental diseases. The existence of D2R-5-HT2AR heterocomplexes can help explain the anti-schizophrenic effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs not only based on blockade of 5-HT2AR and of D2R in higher doses but also based on blocking the allosteric enhancement of D2R protomer signaling by 5-HT2AR protomer activation. This research opens a new understanding of the integration of DA and 5-HT signals released from DA and 5-HT nerve terminal networks. The biological principle of forming 5-HT and other heteroreceptor complexes in the brain also help understand the mechanism of action for especially the 5-HT hallucinogens, including putative positive effects of e.g., psilocybin and the indicated prosocial and anti-stress actions of MDMA (ecstasy). The GalR1-GalR2 heterodimer and the putative GalR1-GalR2-5-HT1 heteroreceptor complexes are targets for Galanin N-terminal fragment Gal (1-15), a major modulator of emotional networks in models of mental disease. GPCR-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) heteroreceptor complexes can operate through transactivation of FGFR1 via allosteric mechanisms and indirect interactions over GPCR intracellular pathways involving protein kinase Src which produces tyrosine phosphorylation of the RTK. The exciting discovery was made that several antidepressant drugs such as TCAs and SSRIs as well as the fast-acting antidepressant drug ketamine can directly bind to the TrkB receptor and provide a novel mechanism for their antidepressant actions. Understanding the role of astrocytes and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in modulating forebrain glutamate synapses with impact on dorsal raphe-forebrain serotonin neurons is also of high relevance for research on major depressive disorder.
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Prasad K, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Allosteric Interactions between Adenosine A 2A and Dopamine D 2 Receptors in Heteromeric Complexes: Biochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics, and Opportunities for PET Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041719. [PMID: 33572077 PMCID: PMC7915359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and dopamine interact antagonistically in living mammals. These interactions are mediated via adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (R). Stimulation of A2AR inhibits and blockade of A2AR enhances D2R-mediated locomotor activation and goal-directed behavior in rodents. In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR. Reciprocal A2AR/D2R interactions occur mainly in striatopallidal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway that are involved in motor control, and in striatal astrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens, they also take place in MSNs involved in reward-related behavior. A2AR and D2R co-aggregate, co-internalize, and co-desensitize. They are at very close distance in biomembranes and form heteromers. Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor–receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes. Such interactions may be exploited in novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and perhaps also attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Little is known about shifting A2AR/D2R heteromer/homodimer equilibria in the brain. Positron emission tomography with suitable ligands may provide in vivo information about receptor crosstalk in the living organism. Some experimental approaches, and strategies for the design of novel imaging agents (e.g., heterobivalent ligands) are proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C.Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
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Double dissociation between actions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors of the ventral and dorsolateral striatum to produce reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior. Neuropharmacology 2020; 172:108113. [PMID: 32335152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of addiction is the enduring vulnerability to relapse. Following repeated use, cocaine (COC) induces neuroadaptations within the dopamine (DA) system, arguably underlying several aspects of COC-seeking behavior. Peripheral stimulation of D2, but not D1, receptors induces relapse. However, where in the brain these effects occur is still matter of debate. The D1 and D2 receptors (D1R; D2R) are highly expressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), but their specific involvement in the reinstatement of COC-seeking remains elusive. We assessed the reinstating effects of intracerebral infusions of agonists of D1R (SKF82958) or D2R (quinelorane) within the NAcc or DLS of rats after extinction of COC self-administration (COC SA). To assess whether we could block peripheral D2 agonist (quinelorane) induced reinstatement, we simultaneously infused either a D1R (SCH23390) or a D2R (raclopride) antagonist within the NAcc or DLS. When infused into the NAcc, but not into the DLS, SKF82958 induced reinstatement of COC-seeking; conversely, quinelorane had no effect when injected into the NAcc, but induced reinstatement when infused into the DLS while the D1R agonist has no effect. While administration of raclopride into the NAcc or DLS impedes the reinstating effect of a systemic quinelorane injection, the infusion of SCH23390 into the NAcc or DLS surprisingly, blocks the reinstatement induced by the peripheral D2R stimulation. Our results point to a double dissociation between D1R and D2R of the NAcc and DLS, highlighting their complex interactions within both structures, in the reinstatement of COC-seeking behavior.
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Adenosine A 2AReceptors in Substance Use Disorders: A Focus on Cocaine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061372. [PMID: 32492952 PMCID: PMC7348840 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several psychoactive drugs can evoke substance use disorders (SUD) in humans and animals, and these include psychostimulants, opioids, cannabinoids (CB), nicotine, and alcohol. The etiology, mechanistic processes, and the therapeutic options to deal with SUD are not well understood. The common feature of all abused drugs is that they increase dopamine (DA) neurotransmission within the mesocorticolimbic circuitry of the brain followed by the activation of DA receptors. D2 receptors were proposed as important molecular targets for SUD. The findings showed that D2 receptors formed heteromeric complexes with other GPCRs, which forced the addiction research area in new directions. In this review, we updated the view on the brain D2 receptor complexes with adenosine (A)2A receptors (A2AR) and discussed the role of A2AR in different aspects of addiction phenotypes in laboratory animal procedures that permit the highly complex syndrome of human drug addiction. We presented the current knowledge on the neurochemical in vivo and ex vivo mechanisms related to cocaine use disorder (CUD) and discussed future research directions for A2AR heteromeric complexes in SUD.
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Acute cocaine treatment enhances the antagonistic allosteric adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor-receptor interactions in rat dorsal striatum without increasing significantly extracellular dopamine levels. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:332-339. [PMID: 32124388 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antagonistic adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) receptor-receptor interactions have previously been demonstrated in A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the rat dorsal striatum. They mainly involve a reduction of affinity in the high-affinity component of the D2R agonist binding site upon activation in vivo of the A2AR by an A2AR agonist. Upon cocaine self-administration, this antagonistic A2AR-D2R interaction disappeared in the dorsal striatum. METHODS In the current experiments, it was tested whether such modifications in the antagonistic A2AR-D2R receptor-receptor interactions can develop also after an acute systemic injection of a low cocaine dose (1 mg/kg; sc). RESULTS Microdialysis experiments indicated that acute cocaine did not significantly alter the extracellular dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum of the awake Wistar rats. Competition dopamine receptor binding experiments demonstrated that in the acute cocaine group, the A2AR agonist CGS-21680 produced significantly larger increases in the D2R Ki, High values (reduction of high-affinity) versus the saline-injected (i.e. control) group. Furthermore, in the dorsal striatum membrane preparation from acute cocaine-injected rats, CGS-21680 also produced significant increases in the D2R Ki, Low values (reduction of low-affinity) and in the proportion of D2Rs in the high-affinity state (RH). Such significant effects were not observed with CGS-21680 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The molecular mechanism involved in the acute cocaine-induced increase in the antagonistic allosteric A2AR-D2R receptor-receptor interactions may be an increased formation of higher-order complexes A2AR-D2R-sigma1R in which cocaine by binding to the sigma1R protomer also allosterically enhances the inhibitory A2AR-D2R interaction in this receptor complex.
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Guidolin D, Marcoli M, Tortorella C, Maura G, Agnati LF. Adenosine A 2A-dopamine D 2 receptor-receptor interaction in neurons and astrocytes: Evidence and perspectives. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 169:247-277. [PMID: 31952688 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of receptor-receptor interactions in the early 1980s, together with a more accurate focusing of allosteric mechanisms in proteins, expanded the knowledge on the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling processes. GPCRs were seen to operate not only as monomers, but also as quaternary structures shaped by allosteric interactions. These integrative mechanisms can change the function of the GPCRs involved, leading to a sophisticated dynamic of the receptor assembly in terms of modulation of recognition and signaling. In this context, the heterodimeric complex formed by the adenosine A2A and the dopamine D2 receptors likely represents a prototypical example. The pharmacological evidence obtained, together with the tissue distribution of the A2A-D2 heteromeric complexes, suggested they could represent a target for new therapeutic strategies addressing significant disorders of the central nervous system. The research findings and the perspectives they offer from the therapeutic standpoint are the focus of the here presented discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Perez de la Mora M, Hernandez-Mondragon C, Crespo-Ramirez M, Rejon-Orantes J, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K. Conventional and Novel Pharmacological Approaches to Treat Dopamine-Related Disorders: Focus on Parkinson's Disease and Schizophrenia. Neuroscience 2019; 439:301-318. [PMID: 31349007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system integrated by cell groups distributed in several brain regions exerts a modulatory role in brain. Particularly important for this task are the mesencephalic dopamine neurons, which from the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area project to the dorsal striatum and the cortical/subcortical limbic systems, respectively. Dopamine released from these neurons operates mainly via the short distance extrasynaptic volume transmission and activates five different dopaminergic receptor subtypes modulating synaptic GABA and glutamate transmission. To accomplish this task dopaminergic neurons keep mutual modulating interactions with neurons of other neurotransmitter systems, including allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in heteroreceptor complexes. As a result of its modulatory role dopaminergic mechanisms are involved in either the etiology or physiopathology of many brain diseases such as Parkinsońs disease and schizophrenia. The aim of this work is to review some novel and conventional approaches that either have been used or are currently employed to treat these diseases. Particular attention is paid to the approaches derived from the knowledge recently acquired in the realm of receptor-receptor interactions taking place through multiple dopamine heteroreceptor complexes in the plasma membrane. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Honoring Ricardo Miledi - outstanding neuroscientist of XX-XXI centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Perez de la Mora
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Minerva Crespo-Ramirez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Rejon-Orantes
- Pharmacobiology Experimental laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
| | | | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Intrahippocampal administration of 5-HT6 receptor drugs on memory consolidation and amnesia protocols. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:378-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K. Can Allosteric Receptor-Protein Interactions in Receptor Complexes Be a Molecular Mechanism Involved in Cancer Immune Therapy? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:574. [PMID: 31481934 PMCID: PMC6710404 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the work in the Central Nervous System with discoveries of allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in homo- and heteroreceptor complexes representing a major integrative mechanism in synapses and extrasynaptic regions, it is proposed that a similar mechanism may exist in the immunological synapses. We discuss a putative additional molecular mechanism for the ability of the inhibitory T cell signaling proteins CTLA-4 and PD-1 and the adenosine A2AR to diminish T cell activation leading to enhancement of cancer development. We suggest that in the same immunological synapse involving T cells and antigen presenting cells multiple heteroreceptor complexes may participate and be in balance with each other. Their composition can vary between functional states and among different types of T cells. The T cell receptor (TCR) and its accelerators, strongly enhancing T cell activation, can be under inhibitory control by T cell signaling proteins CTLA4 and PD-1 and also the adenosine A2AR through inhibitory allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in different types of heteroreceptor complexes. As a result, inhibitory tumor induced immunosuppression can develop due to a dominance of the inhibitory signaling causing a brake on the TCR and/or its accelerator and the cancer immunotherapy becomes blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Kjell Fuxe
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Freyberg Z, Logan RW. The Intertwined Roles of Circadian Rhythms and Neuronal Metabolism Fueling Drug Reward and Addiction. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:80-89. [PMID: 30631826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a highly prevalent and devastating disorder with few effective treatments, resulting in enormous burdens on family and society. The cellular and behavioral effects of drugs of abuse are related to their abilities to elevate synaptic dopamine levels. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens play crucial roles in substance-induced neural and behavioral plasticity. Significantly, increasing work suggests that interplay between the brain circadian system and the cellular bioenergetic machinery in these dopamine neurons plays a critical role in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse. Here, we describe recent progress in elucidating the interconnections between circadian and metabolic systems at the molecular and cellular levels and their relationships to modulation of drug reward and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15213
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Wydra K, Li X, Rodriguez D, Carlsson J, Jastrzębska J, Filip M, Fuxe K. Disruption of A2AR-D2R Heteroreceptor Complexes After A2AR Transmembrane 5 Peptide Administration Enhances Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7038-7048. [PMID: 29383683 PMCID: PMC6061166 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antagonistic allosteric A2AR-D2R receptor-receptor interactions in heteroreceptor complexes counteract cocaine self-administration and cocaine seeking in rats as seen in biochemical and behavioral experiments. It was shown that the human A2AR transmembrane five (TM5) was part of the interface of the human A2AR-D2R receptor heteromer. In the current paper, the rat A2AR synthetic TM5 (synthTM5) peptide disrupts the A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complex in HEK293 cells as shown by the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer method. Rat A2AR synthTM5 peptide, microinjected into the nucleus accumbens, produced a complete counteraction of the inhibitory effects of the A2AR agonist CGS21680 on cocaine self-administration. It was linked to a disappearance of the accumbal A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes and the A2AR agonist induced inhibition of D2R recognition using proximity ligation assay and biochemical binding techniques. However, possible effects of the A2AR synthTM5 peptide on accumbal A2AR-D3R and A2AR-D4R heteroreceptor complexes remain to be excluded. Evidence is provided that accumbal A2AR-D2R-like heteroreceptor complexes with their antagonistic receptor-receptor interactions can be major targets for treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, via Ca’ le Suore 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Zayas 50, 62100 Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - David Rodriguez
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University BMC, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University BMC, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanna Jastrzębska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Perez De La Mora M, Manger P, Narváez M, Beggiato S, Crespo-Ramírez M, Navarro G, Wydra K, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Rivera A, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Filip M, Franco R, Fuxe K. Brain Dopamine Transmission in Health and Parkinson's Disease: Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity Through Volume Transmission and Dopamine Heteroreceptors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:20. [PMID: 30042672 PMCID: PMC6048293 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective article provides observations supporting the view that nigro-striatal dopamine neurons and meso-limbic dopamine neurons mainly communicate through short distance volume transmission in the um range with dopamine diffusing into extrasynaptic and synaptic regions of glutamate and GABA synapses. Based on this communication it is discussed how volume transmission modulates synaptic glutamate transmission onto the D1R modulated direct and D2R modulated indirect GABA pathways of the dorsal striatum. Each nigro-striatal dopamine neuron was first calculated to form large numbers of neostriatal DA nerve terminals and then found to give rise to dense axonal arborizations spread over the neostriatum, from which dopamine is released. These neurons can through DA volume transmission directly influence not only the striatal GABA projection neurons but all the striatal cell types in parallel. It includes the GABA nerve cells forming the island-/striosome GABA pathway to the nigral dopamine cells, the striatal cholinergic interneurons and the striatal GABA interneurons. The dopamine modulation of the different striatal nerve cell types involves the five dopamine receptor subtypes, D1R to D5R receptors, and their formation of multiple extrasynaptic and synaptic dopamine homo and heteroreceptor complexes. These features of the nigro-striatal dopamine neuron to modulate in parallel the activity of practically all the striatal nerve cell types in the dorsal striatum, through the dopamine receptor complexes allows us to understand its unique and crucial fine-tuning of movements, which is lost in Parkinson's disease. Integration of striatal dopamine signals with other transmitter systems in the striatum mainly takes place via the receptor-receptor interactions in dopamine heteroreceptor complexes. Such molecular events also participate in the integration of volume transmission and synaptic transmission. Dopamine modulation of the glutamate synapses on the dorsal striato-pallidal GABA pathway involves D2R heteroreceptor complexes such as D2R-NMDAR, A2AR-D2R, and NTSR1-D2R heteroreceptor complexes. The dopamine modulation of glutamate synapses on the striato-entopeduncular/nigral pathway takes place mainly via D1R heteroreceptor complexes such as D1R-NMDAR, A2R-D1R, and D1R-D3R heteroreceptor complexes. Dopamine modulation of the island/striosome compartment of the dorsal striatum projecting to the nigral dopamine cells involve D4R-MOR heteroreceptor complexes. All these receptor-receptor interactions have relevance for Parkinson's disease and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Miguel Perez De La Mora
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Manger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Minerva Crespo-Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zaida Díaz-Cabiale
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed: Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kostrzewa RM, Wydra K, Filip M, Crawford CA, McDougall SA, Brown RW, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K, Gainetdinov RR. Dopamine D 2 Receptor Supersensitivity as a Spectrum of Neurotoxicity and Status in Psychiatric Disorders. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:519-526. [PMID: 29921706 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.247981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormality of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) function, often observed as D2R supersensitivity (D2RSS), is a commonality of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders in humans. Moreover, virtually all psychotherapeutic agents for schizophrenia target D2R in brain. Permanent D2RSS as a feature of a new animal model of schizophrenia was first reported in 1991, and then behaviorally and biochemically characterized over the next 15-20 years. In this model of schizophrenia characterized by production of D2RSS in ontogeny, there are demonstrated alterations of signaling processes, as well as functional links between the biologic template of the animal model and ability of pharmacotherapeutics to modulate or reverse biologic and behavioral modalities toward normality. Another such animal model, featuring knockout of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), demonstrates D2RSS with an increase in the proportion of D2R in the high-affinity state. Currently, TAAR1 agonists are being explored as a therapeutic option for schizophrenia. There is likewise an overlay of D2RSS with substance use disorder. The aspect of adenosine A2A-D2 heteroreceptor complexes in substance use disorder is highlighted, and the association of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in discriminative and rewarding effects of psychostimulants is outlined. In summary, these new animal models of schizophrenia have face, construct, and predictive validity, and distinct advantages over earlier models. While the review summarizes elements of D2RSS in schizophrenia per se, and its interplay with substance use disorder, a major focus is on presumed new molecular targets attending D2RSS in schizophrenia and related clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Cynthia A Crawford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Sanders A McDougall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
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16
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Porzionato A, Stocco E, Guidolin D, Agnati L, Macchi V, De Caro R. Receptor-Receptor Interactions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Carotid Body: A Working Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:697. [PMID: 29930516 PMCID: PMC6000251 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the carotid body (CB), a wide series of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have been identified. They are mainly produced and released by type I cells and act on many different ionotropic and metabotropic receptors located in afferent nerve fibers, type I and II cells. Most metabotropic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In other transfected or native cells, GPCRs have been demonstrated to establish physical receptor–receptor interactions (RRIs) with formation of homo/hetero-complexes (dimers or receptor mosaics) in a dynamic monomer/oligomer equilibrium. RRIs modulate ligand binding, signaling, and internalization of GPCR protomers and they are considered of relevance for physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. We hypothesize that RRI may also occur in the different structural elements of the CB (type I cells, type II cells, and afferent fibers), with potential implications in chemoreception, neuromodulation, and tissue plasticity. This ‘working hypothesis’ is supported by literature data reporting the contemporary expression, in type I cells, type II cells, or afferent terminals, of GPCRs which are able to physically interact with each other to form homo/hetero-complexes. Functional data about cross-talks in the CB between different neurotransmitters/neuromodulators also support the hypothesis. On the basis of the above findings, the most significant homo/hetero-complexes which could be postulated in the CB include receptors for dopamine, adenosine, ATP, opioids, histamine, serotonin, endothelin, galanin, GABA, cannabinoids, angiotensin, neurotensin, and melatonin. From a methodological point of view, future studies should demonstrate the colocalization in close proximity (less than 10 nm) of the above receptors, through biophysical (i.e., bioluminescence/fluorescence resonance energy transfer, protein-fragment complementation assay, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy, X-ray crystallography) or biochemical (co-immunoprecipitation, in situ proximity ligation assay) methods. Moreover, functional approaches will be able to show if ligand binding to one receptor produces changes in the biochemical characteristics (ligand recognition, decoding, and trafficking processes) of the other(s). Plasticity aspects would be also of interest, as development and environmental stimuli (chronic continuous or intermittent hypoxia) produce changes in the expression of certain receptors which could potentially invest the dynamic monomer/oligomer equilibrium of homo/hetero-complexes and the correlated functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Agnati
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Hinz S, Navarro G, Franco R, Müller CE, Fuxe K. Understanding the Role of Adenosine A2AR Heteroreceptor Complexes in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:43. [PMID: 29467608 PMCID: PMC5808169 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a nucleoside mainly formed by degradation of ATP, located intracellularly or extracellularly, and acts as a neuromodulator. It operates as a volume transmission signal through diffusion and flow in the extracellular space to modulate the activity of both glial cells and neurons. The effects of adenosine are mediated via four adenosine receptor subtypes: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, A3R. The A2AR has a wide-spread distribution but it is especially enriched in the ventral and dorsal striatum where it is mainly located in the striato-pallidal GABA neurons at a synaptic and extrasynaptic location. A number of A2AR heteroreceptor complexes exist in the striatum. The existence of A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes with antagonistic A2AR-D2R interactions in the striato-pallidal GABA neurons is well-known with A2AR activation inhibiting Gi/o mediated signaling of D2Rs. A2AR-mGluR5 heteroreceptor complexes were also found in with synergistic receptor-receptor interactions enhancing the inhibition of the D2R protomer signaling. They are located mainly in extrasynaptic regions of the striato-pallidal GABA neurons. Results recently demonstrated the existence of brain A2AR-A2BR heteroreceptor complexes, in which A2BR protomer constitutively inhibited the function of the A2AR protomer. These adenosine A2AR heteroreceptor complexes may modulate alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity through postulated bidirectional direct interactions leading to marked increases in A2AR signaling both in nerve cells and microglia. It is of high interest that formation of A2AR-A2ABR heteroreceptor complexes provides a brake on A2AR recognition and signaling opening up a novel strategy for treatment of A2AR mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Urbino, Italy
- Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Feltmann K, Borroto‐Escuela DO, Rüegg J, Pinton L, de Oliveira Sergio T, Narváez M, Jimenez‐Beristain A, Ekström TJ, Fuxe K, Steensland P. Effects of Long-Term Alcohol Drinking on the Dopamine D2 Receptor: Gene Expression and Heteroreceptor Complexes in the Striatum in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:338-351. [PMID: 29205397 PMCID: PMC5817245 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) ligand binding has repeatedly been demonstrated in the striatum of humans with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The attenuated D2R binding has been suggested to reflect a reduced D2R density, which in turn has been proposed to drive craving and relapse. However, results from rodent studies addressing the effects of alcohol drinking on D2R density have been inconsistent. METHODS A validated alcohol drinking model (intermittent access to 20% alcohol) in Wistar rats was used to study the effects of voluntary alcohol drinking (at least 12 weeks) on the D2R in the striatum compared to age-matched alcohol-naïve control rats. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR was used to quantify isoform-specific Drd2 gene expression levels. Using bisulfite pyrosequencing, DNA methylation levels of a regulatory region of the Drd2 gene were determined. In situ proximity ligation assay was used to measure densities of D2R receptor complexes: D2R-D2R, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-D2R, and sigma1 receptor (sigma1R)-D2R. RESULTS Long-term voluntary alcohol drinking significantly reduced mRNA levels of the long D2R isoform in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but did not alter CpG methylation levels in the analyzed sequence of the Drd2 gene. Alcohol drinking also reduced the striatal density of D2R-D2R homoreceptor complexes, increased the density of A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the NAc shell and the dorsal striatum, and decreased the density of sigma1R-D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the dorsal striatum. CONCLUSIONS The present results on long-term alcohol drinking might reflect reduced D2R levels through reductions in D2R-D2R homoreceptor complexes and gene expression. Furthermore, based on antagonistic interactions between A2AR and D2R, an increased density of A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes might indicate a reduced affinity and signaling of the D2R population within the complex. Hence, both reduced striatal D2R levels and reduced D2R protomer affinity within the striatal A2AR-D2R complex might underlie reduced D2R radioligand binding in humans with AUD. This supports the hypothesis of a hypodopaminergic system in AUD and suggests the A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complex as a potential novel treatment target.
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MESH Headings
- Alcohol Drinking
- Animals
- Central Nervous System Depressants/pharmacology
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Ethanol/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Male
- Multiprotein Complexes/drug effects
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/drug effects
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Sigma-1 Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Feltmann
- Center for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet& Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | | | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Center for Molecular MedicineDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- SwetoxUnit of Toxicology SciencesKarolinska InstitutetSödertäljeSweden
| | - Luca Pinton
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thatiane de Oliveira Sergio
- Center for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet& Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Facultad de MedicinaInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de MálagaUniversity of MálagaMalagaSpain
| | | | - Tomas J. Ekström
- Center for Molecular MedicineDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Pia Steensland
- Center for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet& Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
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19
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Narvaez M, Valladolid-Acebes I, Shumilov K, Di Palma M, Wydra K, Schaefer T, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Mudó G, Filip M, Sartini S, Friedland K, Schellekens H, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Franco R, Belluardo N, Ambrogini P, Pérez de la Mora M, Fuxe K. Detection, Analysis, and Quantification of GPCR Homo- and Heteroreceptor Complexes in Specific Neuronal Cell Populations Using the In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay. RECEPTOR-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8576-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Mach RH. Small Molecule Receptor Ligands for PET Studies of the Central Nervous System-Focus on G Protein Coupled Receptors. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:524-535. [PMID: 28826524 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPRCs) are a class of proteins that are expressed in high abundance and are responsible for numerous signal transduction pathways in the central nervous system. Consequently, alterations in GPRC function have been associated with a wide variety of neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. The development of PET probes for imaging GPRCs has served as a major emphasis of PET radiotracer development and PET imaging studies over the past 30 years. In this review, a basic description of the biology of G proteins and GPRCs is provided. This includes recent evidence of the existence of dimeric and multimeric species of GPRCs that have been termed "receptor mosaics," with an emphasis on the different GPRCs that form complexes with the dopamine D2 receptor. An overview of the different PET radiotracers for imaging the component GPRC within these different multimeric complexes of the D2 receptor is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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21
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Narváez M, Wydra K, Pintsuk J, Pinton L, Jimenez-Beristain A, Di Palma M, Jastrzębska J, Filip M, Fuxe K. Cocaine self-administration specifically increases A2AR-D2R and D2R-sigma1R heteroreceptor complexes in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. Relevance for cocaine use disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 155:24-31. [PMID: 28300546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) agonists were indicated to reduce cocaine reward and cocaine seeking mainly through activation of antagonistic allosteric A2AR-dopamine D2R (D2R) interactions in A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes. Furthermore, it was shown that modulation of cocaine reward involves antagonistic A2AR-D2R interactions in the ventral but not the dorsal striatum in rats. In the current work the proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to further study the A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the nucleus accumbens shell and core as well as the dorsal striatum under the influence of cocaine self-administration in rats. A significant increase in the A2AR-D2R PLA positive clusters was observed in the nucleus accumbens shell but not in the other regions vs yoked saline controls using the duolink software. Additionally, cocaine self-administration evoked a selective and significant increase in the density of D2R-sigma1R positive clusters in the nucleus accumbens shell vs yoked saline controls, while a significant reduction of the density of the D2R-sigma1R positive clusters was found in the dorsal part of the dorsal striatum. The results suggest that cocaine self-administration can reorganize A2AR and D2R into increased A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the nucleus accumbens shell associated with increases in the D2R-sigma1R heteroreceptor complexes in this region. This reorganization can contribute to the demonstrated anti-cocaine actions of A2A receptor agonists and the putative formation of A2AR-D2R-sigma1R heterocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, University of Urbino, via Ca' le Suore 2, I-61029 Urbino, Italy; Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Zayas 50, 62100 Yaguajay, Cuba.
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smetna, PL-31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Julia Pintsuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luca Pinton
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Jimenez-Beristain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, University of Urbino, via Ca' le Suore 2, I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Joanna Jastrzębska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smetna, PL-31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smetna, PL-31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Carlsson J, Ambrogini P, Narváez M, Wydra K, Tarakanov AO, Li X, Millón C, Ferraro L, Cuppini R, Tanganelli S, Liu F, Filip M, Diaz-Cabiale Z, Fuxe K. Understanding the Role of GPCR Heteroreceptor Complexes in Modulating the Brain Networks in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:37. [PMID: 28270751 PMCID: PMC5318393 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heteroreceptor complexes of the central nervous system (CNS) gave a new dimension to brain integration and neuropsychopharmacology. The molecular basis of learning and memory was proposed to be based on the reorganization of the homo- and heteroreceptor complexes in the postjunctional membrane of synapses. Long-term memory may be created by the transformation of parts of the heteroreceptor complexes into unique transcription factors which can lead to the formation of specific adapter proteins. The observation of the GPCR heterodimer network (GPCR-HetNet) indicated that the allosteric receptor-receptor interactions dramatically increase GPCR diversity and biased recognition and signaling leading to enhanced specificity in signaling. Dysfunction of the GPCR heteroreceptor complexes can lead to brain disease. The findings of serotonin (5-HT) hetero and isoreceptor complexes in the brain over the last decade give new targets for drug development in major depression. Neuromodulation of neuronal networks in depression via 5-HT, galanin peptides and zinc involve a number of GPCR heteroreceptor complexes in the raphe-hippocampal system: GalR1-5-HT1A, GalR1-5-HT1A-GPR39, GalR1-GalR2, and putative GalR1-GalR2-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes. The 5-HT1A receptor protomer remains a receptor enhancing antidepressant actions through its participation in hetero- and homoreceptor complexes listed above in balance with each other. In depression, neuromodulation of neuronal networks in the raphe-hippocampal system and the cortical regions via 5-HT and fibroblast growth factor 2 involves either FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes or the 5-HT isoreceptor complexes such as 5-HT1A-5-HT7 and 5-HT1A-5-HT2A. Neuromodulation of neuronal networks in cocaine use disorder via dopamine (DA) and adenosine signals involve A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-Sigma1R heteroreceptor complexes in the dorsal and ventral striatum. The excitatory modulation by A2AR agonists of the ventral striato-pallidal GABA anti-reward system via targeting the A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-Sigma1R heteroreceptor complex holds high promise as a new way to treat cocaine use disorders. Neuromodulation of neuronal networks in schizophrenia via DA, adenosine, glutamate, 5-HT and neurotensin peptides and oxytocin, involving A2AR-D2R, D2R-NMDAR, A2AR-D2R-mGluR5, D2R-5-HT2A and D2R-oxytocinR heteroreceptor complexes opens up a new world of D2R protomer targets in the listed heterocomplexes for treatment of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of UrbinoUrbino, Italy; Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-EstudioYaguajay, Cuba
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patricia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Urbino, Italy
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków, Poland
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmelo Millón
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Urbino, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków, Poland
| | - Zaida Diaz-Cabiale
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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