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Cortés-Camacho F, Zambrano-Vásquez OR, Aréchaga-Ocampo E, Castañeda-Sánchez JI, Gonzaga-Sánchez JG, Sánchez-Gloria JL, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors: Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Lipid Metabolism and the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:768. [PMID: 39061837 PMCID: PMC11274291 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have emphasized the role of lipid dysregulation in activating cellular mechanisms that contribute to CKD progression in the context of MetS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated efficacy in improving various components of MetS, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. While SGLT2i have shown cardioprotective benefits, the underlying cellular mechanisms in MetS and CKD remain poorly studied. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the cellular mechanisms by which SGLT2i modulate lipid metabolism and their impact on insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and CKD progression. We also explore the potential benefits of combining SGLT2i with other antidiabetic drugs. By examining the beneficial effects, molecular targets, and cytoprotective mechanisms of both natural and synthetic SGLT2i, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of their therapeutic potential in managing MetS-induced CKD. The information presented here highlights the significance of SGLT2i in addressing the complex interplay between metabolic dysregulation, lipid metabolism dysfunction, and renal impairment, offering clinicians and researchers a valuable resource for developing improved treatment strategies and personalized approaches for patients with MetS and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cortés-Camacho
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (F.C.-C.); (O.R.Z.-V.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Oscar René Zambrano-Vásquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (F.C.-C.); (O.R.Z.-V.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Elena Aréchaga-Ocampo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico;
| | | | - José Guillermo Gonzaga-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Gloria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
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Abdulghani MF, Al-Fayyadh S. Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366946. [PMID: 38746011 PMCID: PMC11091304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders stemming from factors like genetic predisposition, inadequate nutrition, stress, decreased physical activity, aging, and ethnicity. Although traditional pharmaceutical treatments exist for metabolic syndrome, their limited popularity is attributed to high costs and adverse effects. Consequently, natural products with fewer side effects have been explored for managing this condition. This literature review aims to explore the role of natural products including herbs, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and dietary supplements in managing metabolic syndrome. Methods This scoping review was conducted in five steps, involving the formulation of a research question, the retrieval and extraction of relevant studies, the selection of pertinent studies, the organization of information into tables, and the reporting of results. Data was collected from various databases including Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a focus on studies published from 2010 to the present, available in English and with full-text accessibility. Results We identified 1,259 articles, screened their titles, abstracts, and full texts, ultimately incorporating 169 pertinent articles into this review (comprising 90 review articles, 32 trial articles, 6 in vitro articles, 38 in vivo articles, 1 experimental article and 2 observational articles). The study's outcomes revealed that natural products, encompassing plants and their derivatives, vitamins and supplements, as well as probiotics, can exert a beneficial influence on metabolic syndrome by regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lipid profiles, obesity, and abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Conclusion The current study underscores the significance of natural products in addressing metabolic syndrome. Consequently, it is advisable to conduct further extensive research to assess the efficacy of these products, potentially integrating them into treatment regimens for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Abdulghani MF, Al-Fayyadh S. Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1366946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMetabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders stemming from factors like genetic predisposition, inadequate nutrition, stress, decreased physical activity, aging, and ethnicity. Although traditional pharmaceutical treatments exist for metabolic syndrome, their limited popularity is attributed to high costs and adverse effects. Consequently, natural products with fewer side effects have been explored for managing this condition. This literature review aims to explore the role of natural products including herbs, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and dietary supplements in managing metabolic syndrome.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in five steps, involving the formulation of a research question, the retrieval and extraction of relevant studies, the selection of pertinent studies, the organization of information into tables, and the reporting of results. Data was collected from various databases including Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a focus on studies published from 2010 to the present, available in English and with full-text accessibility.ResultsWe identified 1,259 articles, screened their titles, abstracts, and full texts, ultimately incorporating 169 pertinent articles into this review (comprising 90 review articles, 32 trial articles, 6 in vitro articles, 38 in vivo articles, 1 experimental article and 2 observational articles). The study’s outcomes revealed that natural products, encompassing plants and their derivatives, vitamins and supplements, as well as probiotics, can exert a beneficial influence on metabolic syndrome by regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lipid profiles, obesity, and abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels.ConclusionThe current study underscores the significance of natural products in addressing metabolic syndrome. Consequently, it is advisable to conduct further extensive research to assess the efficacy of these products, potentially integrating them into treatment regimens for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Hwang SJ, Choi YJ, Wang JH, Son CG. Lactobacillus Casei-fermented Amomum Xanthioides Mitigates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a high-fat diet mice model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116250. [PMID: 38320334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a substantial global health issue owing to its high prevalence and the lack of effective therapies. Fermentation of medicinal herbs has always been considered a feasible strategy for enhancing efficacy in treating various ailments. This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of the Lactobacillus casei-fermented Amomum xanthioides (LAX) on NAFLD in a high-fat diet model. HFD-fed C57BL6/j mice were administered with 200 mg/kg of LAX or unfermented Amomum xanthioides (AX) or 100 mg/kg of metformin for 6 weeks from the 4th week. The 10-week HFD-induced alterations of hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic inflammation were significantly attenuated by LAX dominantly (more than AX or metformin), which evidenced by pathohistological findings, lipid contents, inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)- 6 and IL-1β, oxidative parameters such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and molecular changes reversely between lipogenic proteins such as glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)- 1, and lipolytic proteins including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α) and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-α in the liver tissues. In addition, the abnormal serum lipid parameters (triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) notably ameliorated by LAX. In conclusion, these findings support the potential of LAX as a promising plant-derived remedy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Se-Myung University, Semyeong-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27136, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea.
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Lim DW, Wang JH. Gut Microbiome: The Interplay of an "Invisible Organ" with Herbal Medicine and Its Derived Compounds in Chronic Metabolic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13076. [PMID: 36293657 PMCID: PMC9603471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resembling a concealed "organ" in a holobiont, trillions of gut microbes play complex roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, including participating in drug metabolism. The conventional opinion is that most of any drug is metabolized by the host and that individual differences are principally due to host genetic factors. However, current evidence indicates that only about 60% of the individual differences in drug metabolism are attributable to host genetics. Although most common chemical drugs regulate the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota is also known to be involved in drug metabolism, like the host. Interestingly, many traditional herbal medicines and derived compounds are biotransformed by gut microbiota, manipulating the compounds' effects. Accordingly, the gut microbiota and its specified metabolic pathways can be deemed a promising target for promoting drug efficacy and safety. However, the evidence regarding causality and the corresponding mechanisms concerning gut microbiota and drug metabolism remains insufficient, especially regarding drugs used to treat metabolic disorders. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively summarize the bidirectional roles of gut microbiota in the effects of herbal medicine in metabolic diseases to provide vital clues for guiding the clinical application of precision medicine and personalized drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Woo Lim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea
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Basri NF, Ramli AS, Mohamad M, Kamaruddin KN. Traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) usage and its association with Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) among individuals with metabolic syndrome in primary care. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:14. [PMID: 35027058 PMCID: PMC8759276 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM) is widely used particularly among patients with chronic diseases in primary care. However, evidence is lacking regarding TCM use among patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its association with patients’ experience on chronic disease conventional care that they receive. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of TCM use, compare the patients’ experience of chronic disease care using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care - Malay version (PACIC-M) questionnaire between TCM users and non-users and determine the factors associated with TCM use among patients with MetS in primary care.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a university primary care clinic. Patients aged 18 to 80 years old with MetS were recruited. Socio-demographic characteristic, clinical characteristics and information on TCM use and its pattern were recorded in a proforma. Patient’s experience of chronic disease conventional care was measured using PACIC-M questionnaire. The comparison of PACIC-M mean score between TCM users and non-users was measured using independent t-test. The factors associated with TCM use were determined by simple logistic regression (SLogR), followed by multiple logistic regression (MLogR).
Results
Out of 394 participants, 381 (96.7%) were included in the final analysis. Of the 381 participants, 255 (66.9%) were TCM users (95% CI 62.7, 71.7). Only 36.9% of users disclosed about TCM use to their health care providers (HCP). The overall mean PACIC-M score was 2.91 (SD ± 0.04). TCM users had significantly higher mean PACIC-M score compared to non-users (2.98 ± 0.74 vs 2.75 ± 0.72, p = 0.01). The independent factors associated with TCM use were being female (Adj. OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.55, 4.06), having high education level (Adj. OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.37, 3.41) and having high overall PACIC-M mean score (Adj. OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10, 2.03).
Conclusion
TCM use was highly prevalent in this primary care clinic. However, the disclosure rate of TCM use to HCP was low. Females, those with high education and high PACIC-M mean score were more likely to use TCM. Further research should explore the reasons for their TCM use, despite having good experience in conventional chronic disease care.
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Mokwena MAM, Engwa GA, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Sewani-Rusike CR. Athrixia phylicoides tea infusion (bushman tea) improves adipokine balance, glucose homeostasis and lipid parameters in a diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 34844584 PMCID: PMC8628465 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity and insulin resistance are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) which is aggravated by diet and sedentary lifestyle. Athrixia phylicoides (AP) is reported by rural communities to have medicinal benefits associated with MetS such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of AP on diet-induced MetS in Wistar rats to validate its ethnopharmacological use. METHODS AP was profiled for phytochemicals by LC-MS. After induction of MetS with high energy diet (HED), 30 male rats were divided into five treatment groups (n = 6): normal diet control, HED control, HED + AP 50 mg/Kg BW, HED + AP 100 mg/Kg BW and HED + 50 mg/Kg BW metformin. The rats were treated daily for 8 weeks orally after which weight gain, visceral fat, total cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs) and adipokine regulation; leptin: adiponectin ratio (LAR) were assessed. Also, glucose homeostatic parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4), insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. RESULTS Findings showed that AP was rich in polyphenols. The HED control group showed derangements of the selected blood parameters of MetS. AP reversed diet-induced weight gain by reducing visceral fat, total blood cholesterol and circulating FFAs (p ≤ 0.05). Treatment with AP improved adipokine regulation depicted by reduced LAR (p<0.05). Treatment with AP improved parameters of glucose homeostasis as demonstrated by reduced FBG and HOMA-IR (p ≤ 0.05) and increased GLUT 4 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Athrixia phylicoides tea infusion was shown to possess anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties, improved glucose uptake and reduce insulin resistance in diet-induced MetS in rats which could be attributed to its richness in polyphenols. Therefore, AP could have potential benefits against type 2 diabetes and obesity which are components of MetS validating its ethnopharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madigoahle A M Mokwena
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Godwill Azeh Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Constance R Sewani-Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa.
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ChaiQi Decoction Alleviates Vascular Endothelial Injury by Downregulating the Inflammatory Response in ApoE-Model Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9415819. [PMID: 33628325 PMCID: PMC7889348 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9415819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological state of metabolic disorders that primarily occur in human proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It is a complex cluster of core metabolic disorder syndromes including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and vascular endothelial injury, occurring over time. The currently available treatment options cannot effectively manage MetS. In our previous research, we revealed ChaiQi decoction (CQD) as an effective prescription for improving MetS; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we assessed the efficacy and mechanism of CQD in ApoE gene knockout (ApoE-) mice. Mice were administered with CQD daily for 12 weeks, and the measurement of their body weight was taken monthly. To evaluate the metabolic levels of mice, we determined the fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (IRI), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis was adopted to determine the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in vascular endothelium, while an optical microscope was adopted to observe the pathological morphology of abdominal aorta in mice. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were determined using the ELISA method, whereas Western blotting was used to determine nuclear factor- (NF-) κB p65. Of note, intragastric CQD administration ameliorated ApoE-model mice, as evidenced by reduced levels of FBG, FINS, IRI, TG, TC, and LDL-C. Furthermore, CQD alleviated vascular endothelial injury and regularized the structure of the abdominal aorta by downregulating the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF-κB p65. Overall, these findings advocated that CQD ameliorates metabolic levels and vascular endothelial injury in mice by downregulating the inflammatory response and thus may be utilized as a novel MetS therapy.
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A Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation Model for Metabolic Syndrome with Multilabel Learning. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9081641. [PMID: 33294001 PMCID: PMC7714575 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex multisystem disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in preventing and treating MS. Syndrome differentiation is the basis of TCM treatment, which is composed of location and/or nature syndrome elements. At present, there are still some problems for objective and comprehensive syndrome differentiation in MS. This study mainly proposes a solution to two problems. Firstly, TCM syndromes are concurrent, that is, multiple TCM syndromes may develop in the same patient. Secondly, there is a lack of holistic exploration of the relationship between microscopic indexes, and TCM syndromes. In regard to these two problems, multilabel learning (MLL) method in machine learning can be used to solve them, and a microcosmic syndrome differentiation model can also be built innovatively, which can provide a foundation for the establishment of the next model of multidimensional syndrome differentiation in MS. Methods The standardization scale of TCM four diagnostic information for MS was designed, which was used to obtain the results of TCM diagnosis. The model of microcosmic syndrome differentiation was constructed based on 39 physicochemical indexes by MLL techniques, called ML-kNN. Firstly, the multilabel learning method was compared with three commonly used single learning algorithms. Then, the results from ML-kNN were compared between physicochemical indexes and TCM information. Finally, the influence of the parameter k on the diagnostic model was investigated and the best k value was chosen for TCM diagnosis. Results A total of 698 cases were collected for the modeling of the microcosmic diagnosis of MS. The comprehensive performance of the ML-kNN model worked obviously better than the others, where the average precision of diagnosis was 71.4%. The results from ML-kNN based on physicochemical indexes were similar to the results based on TCM information. On the other hand, the k value had less influence on the prediction results from ML-kNN. Conclusions In the present study, the microcosmic syndrome differentiation model of MS with MLL techniques was good at predicting syndrome elements and could be used to solve the diagnosis problems of multiple labels. Besides, it was suggested that there was a complex correlation between TCM syndrome elements and physicochemical indexes, which worth future investigation to promote the development of objective differentiation of MS.
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Effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on Cell Migration and Ocular Tumor Invasion in Drosophila. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5463652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) decoction mainly for treating blood stasis syndrome, has been widely investigated and applied in clinic and in laboratory. XFZYD contains 11 herbs and has been identified to promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis for cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, blood stasis is directly related to malignant tumor according to TCM basic theory. However, the effects of XFZYD on tumor metastasis and the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we employed well-establishedDrosophilacell migration and tumor invasion models to explore whether XFZYD has the anticancer activity on tumor metastasisin vivo. Our work has demonstrated that XFZYD could suppress cell migration and tumor invasion at the moderate concentrations. In addition, XFZYD altered the expression of MMP1,β-integrin, and E-cadherin to impede cell migration. Moreover, XFZYD inhibited ocular tumor invasion presumably by reducing the activity of Notch signaling. Together, these evidences reveal a positive role of XFZYD in suppressing cell migration and tumor metastasis, providing the potential drug targets and key clues for cancer clinical treatment strategies.
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Jang S, Sung HK, Ko MM, Shin SM, Go HY, Jung J. Effectiveness of Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan for shoulder pain: study protocol for a randomised, wait-list controlled pilot trial. Trials 2020; 21:193. [PMID: 32066487 PMCID: PMC7027269 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shoulder pain is an uncomfortable feeling in the muscle around the shoulder. The cause of myalgia is the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles and impaired blood circulation, which is called blood stasis in traditional East Asian medicine. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan (GBH) for shoulder discomfort related to blood stasis before and after treatment. Methods/design This study will be a double-centre, randomised, wait-list controlled pilot trial. Participants with shoulder pain and with a visual analogue scale score of 4 or higher out of 10, blood stasis score of 9 or higher, and triglyceride level of ≥150 mg/dl or total cholesterol level of ≥200 mg/dl will be recruited from two university hospitals. A total of 40 participants will be assigned to the immediate and waiting treatment groups. The immediate treatment group will receive GBH for 8 weeks on enrolment while the waiting treatment group will receive GBH for 8–16 weeks after 8 weeks of controlled waiting. The primary outcome is shoulder pain, and the secondary outcomes are the blood stasis score, blood pressure, ankle–brachial pressure index, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, body mass index, waist circumference, indexes of oximetry, and levels of blood lipid, blood sugar, resistin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P, and D-dimer. Discussion The results of this pilot trial will be the bases for a full-scale clinical trial of GBH. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0003837. Registered on 23 April 2019. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=14258
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Jang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Mi Ko
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mi Shin
- Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Go
- Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Chang TC, Chiang H, Lai YH, Huang YL, Huang HC, Liang YC, Liu HK, Huang C. Helminthostachys zeylanica alleviates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:368. [PMID: 31836013 PMCID: PMC6911300 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity and its associated health conditions, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are worldwide health problems. It has been shown that insulin resistance is associated with increased hepatic lipid and causes hepatic steatosis through a myriad of mechanisms, including inflammatory signaling. Methods Helminthostachys zeylanica (HZ) is used widely as a common herbal medicine to relieve fever symptoms and inflammatory diseases in Asia. In the present study, we evaluated whether HZ has therapeutic effects on obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. The protective effects of HZ extract were examined using free fatty acid-induced steatosis in human HuS-E/2 cells and a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. Results The major components of the HZ extract are ugonins J and K, confirmed by HPLC. Incubation of human hepatocytes, HuS-E/2 cells, with palmitate markedly increased lipid accumulation and treatment with the HZ extract significantly decreased lipid deposition and facilitated AMPK and ACC activation. After 12 weeks of a high-fat diet with HZ extract treatment, the HFD mice were protected from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. HZ extract prevented body weight gain, adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte hypertrophy in the HFD mice. In addition, fat accumulation was reduced in mice livers. Moreover, the insulin sensitivity-associated index, which evaluates insulin function, was also significantly restored. Conclusions These results suggest that HZ has a promising pharmacological effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, which may have the potential for clinical application.
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Ginseng berry extract enhances metformin efficacy against obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice fed high-fat diet through increase of metformin uptake in liver. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Morovati A, Pourghassem Gargari B, Sarbakhsh P. Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminumL.) essential oil supplementation on metabolic syndrome components: A randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3261-3269. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashti Morovati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of HealthTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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15
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Imran A, Butt MS, Xiao H, Imran M, Rauf A, Mubarak MS, Ramadan MF. Inhibitory effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) theaflavins and thearubigins against HCT 116 colon cancer cells and HT 460 lung cancer cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12822. [PMID: 31353529 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recently, phytochemical-based dietary intervention has gained attention as a preventive and curative strategy against cancers owing to their safety, better tolerance, and economics. Against this background, black tea extract which contains the flavanol-3-ol, theaflavins (TF), and thearubigins (TR) with promising anti-oncogenic activity were assessed to determine its in vitro inhibitory impact on colon cancer (HCT 116) and lung cancer cell lines (HT 460). In a dose-dependent manner, results revealed that TF, TR, and their combinations cause inhibition in cell viability. However, TF imparted a maximum reduction in cell viability of HCT 116 and HT 460. Flow cytometry data revealed that TF, TR, and their combinations exhibited substantial cell arrest at the G2/M phase. The influence was more prominent in lung cancer cells (HT 460) when compared with colon cells (HCT 116). All treatments resulted in apoptosis, however, the combination of TF and TR exhibited the highest apoptotic ability in comparison to individual treatments. TF and TR exhibited a synergistic impact and significantly inhibited cell proliferation of HCT 116 and HT 460 in dose- and time-dependent manners by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, wherein TF showed a more pronounced impact. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Results from the present study revealed that black tea-isolated polyphenols (TF and TR) exhibited a significant inhibition of lung and colon cancer cell growth. A promising synergistic effect of TF and TR as inhibitors of cancer cells was observed. More clinical work, perhaps on a human subject, is needed before these two isolated compounds can be prescribed as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Univesity of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Morovati A, Pourghassem Gargari B, Sarbakhsh P, Azari H, Lotfi‐Dizaji L. The effect of cumin supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, triple blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1182-1190. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashti Morovati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of HealthTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hushyar Azari
- Faculty of MedicineUrmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Lida Lotfi‐Dizaji
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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17
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Ko MM, Jang S, Jung J. Herbal medicines for metabolic diseases with blood stasis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14543. [PMID: 30813162 PMCID: PMC6408104 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicines have the potential to be alternative treatments for metabolic diseases. This systematic review will assess the efficacy of herbal medicines in treating metabolic diseases with blood stasis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, 2 Korean medical databases (OASIS, NDSL), a Chinese database (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI), and a Japanese database (J-STAGE) for relevant literature. We will include all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of herbal medicine. Participants of both sexes and of any age with clinically diagnosed metabolic disease with blood stasis will be included. Primary outcomes will include Blood-stasis syndrome score, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. Secondary outcomes will Blood pressure, FBS. ECG, prevalence rate of heart disease, and response rate. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias. DISCUSSION The findings of this study will provide a summary of the current state of evidence regarding the effectiveness of types of herbal medicine in managing metabolic disease with blood stasis. In addition, this review will be expected to provide a base for clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of herbal medicine for treatments of metabolic disease with blood stasis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018090179.
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Chien MY, Yang CM, Lin YT, Chen CH. Dihydromyricetin-rich herbal mixture extracts as a potential prescription for treatment of metabolic syndrome in rats fed a high-fat diet and subacute toxicity assessment in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:221-226. [PMID: 31193933 PMCID: PMC6544745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM)-rich herbal mixture extracts, also called APF complex, comprised of Ampelopsis grossedentata, Pericarpium citri reticulatae, and Fructus crataegi. The content of DHM in APF complex was 362.7 ± 12.5 mg/g. The aims of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effects of APF complex on metabolic syndrome in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and evaluate the subacute toxicity of APF complex in rats. HFD significantly increased body weight gain, fat tissue (epididymal fat, mesenteric fat, and perirenal fat) deposition, body fat index, and hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) accumulation as well as caused abnormal blood biochemical parameters, including TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA), and glucose. APF complex has a tendency but not significance to limit HFD-induced body weight gain. APF complex also significantly improved HFD-induced body fat accumulation, as evidenced by decreasing fat tissue deposition and body fat index. In addition, APF complex significantly ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, as evidenced by reducing levels of blood TG and TC as well as blood glucose and FFA, respectively. Furthermore, APF complex significantly decreased HFD-induced hepatic TG and TC accumulation. In subacute toxicity assessment, APF complex exhibited no toxicological signs, as evidenced by without affecting mortality, food and water consumption, body weight changes, absolute organ weights, hematological system, blood lipids and nutritional status, and electrolyte balance as well as non-toxic to liver and renal function. Overall, APF complex was considered as a non-toxic herbal prescription and could act as adjuvant therapy for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Ko Da Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiang Chen
- Ko Da Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Holybasil (tulsi) lowers fasting glucose and improves lipid profile in adults with metabolic disease: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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20
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Yeh CW, Liu HK, Lin LC, Liou KT, Huang YC, Lin CH, Tzeng TT, Shie FS, Tsay HJ, Shiao YJ. Xuefu Zhuyu decoction ameliorates obesity, hepatic steatosis, neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition and cognition impairment in metabolically stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:50-61. [PMID: 28743670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome and vascular dysfunction was suggested to be the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XZD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat metabolic syndrome and cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. The effects of XZD on ameliorating metabolic syndrome, amyloid-related pathologies and cognitive impairment in an animal model of AD with metabolic stress was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHOD The animal model of AD with metabolic stress was created by administrating high-fat diet and a low-dose injection of streptozotocin prior to the appearance of senile plaques in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The diabesity-associated metabolic changes and AD-related pathological alterations were examined. RESULTS We found that XZD reduced body weight, insulin and leptin level, HOMA-IR, hepatic triglyceride, serum Aβ42 in the metabolic stressed AD animal. XZD also ameliorated oral glucose tolerant, Aβ deposition, astrocyte and microglia activation in the vicinity of plaques, and nesting behavior in the metabolic stressed AD animal. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that XZD is able to reduce the peripheral metabolic stress-mediated vascular hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation and AD-related pathology in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Yeh
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China; Ph.D Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kou-Tong Liou
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts and Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Feng-Shiun Shie
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Natinal Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Huey-Jen Tsay
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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