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Zhu X, Liu K, Tang X, Chen G. A bibliometric analysis of non-coding RNA studies in acute pancreatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37486. [PMID: 38518041 PMCID: PMC10956959 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a type of RNA that does not code for proteins and plays a crucial role in the onset, progression, diagnosis, and therapy of acute pancreatitis. However, bibliometric, and visual analyses of studies on acute pancreatitis and ncRNA are lacking. This study seeks to provide a bibliometric overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of ncRNA in the field of acute pancreatitis research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search and collection of information in the field of ncRNA-related research in acute pancreatitis from 2000-2023 through the Web of Science Core Collection. Use CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visually analyze countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. RESULTS A total of 563 articles have been published in the field of ncRNA-related research in acute pancreatitis, and the number of publications in this field is gradually increasing. The largest number of publications was from China. Four clusters were produced by the co-occurrence cluster analysis of the top 89 keywords: studies of ncRNA in inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in acute pancreatitis; studies related to microRNA expression in pancreatic cancer among ncRNA; studies related to microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in acute pancreatitis; and studies related to ncRNA in acute pancreatitis; The key words "injury," "pathway" and "extracellular vesicles" are the key words of emerging research hotspots. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ncRNA research in acute pancreatitis is an established discipline. Researchers can use the research hotspots and frontiers in this field as a guide for choosing their research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Kunrong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiping Tang
- Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Zheng Z, Cao F, Ding YX, Lu JD, Fu YQ, Liu L, Guo YL, Liu S, Sun HC, Cui YQ, Li F. Acinous cell AR42J-derived exosome miR125b-5p promotes acute pancreatitis exacerbation by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:600-620. [PMID: 37206078 PMCID: PMC10190724 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of acute pancreatitis (AP), which is a pathophysiological process with complex etiology, is increasing globally. miR-125b-5p, a bidirectional regulatory miRNA, is speculated to exhibit anti-tumor activity. However, exosome-derived miR-125b-5p in AP has not been reported.
AIM To elucidate the molecular mechanism of exosome-derived miR-125b-5p promoting AP exacerbation from the perspective of the interaction between immune cells and acinar cells.
METHODS Exosomes derived from AR42J cells were isolated and extracted in active and inactive states by an exosome extraction kit, and were verified via transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting. RNA sequencing assay technology was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs in active and inactive AR42J cell lines, and bioinformatics analysis was used to predict downstream target genes of miR-125b-5p. The expression level of miR-125b-5p and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in the activated AR42J cell line and AP pancreatic tissue were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots. The changes in the pancreatic inflammatory response in a rat AP model were detected by histopathological methods. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of IGF2, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins, and apoptosis and necrosis related proteins.
RESULTS miR-125b-5p expression was upregulated in the activated AR42J cell line and AP pancreatic tissue, while that of IGF2 was downregulated. In vitro experiments confirmed that miR-125b-5p could promote the death of activated AR42J cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, miR-125b-5p was found to act on macrophages to promote M1 type polarization and inhibit M2 type polarization, resulting in a massive release of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Further research found that miR-125b-5p could inhibit the expression of IGF2 in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that miR-125b-5p can promote the progression of AP in a rat model.
CONCLUSION miR-125b-5p acts on IGF2 in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promotes M1 type polarization and inhibits M2 type polarization of macrophage by inhibiting IGF2 expression, resulting in a large release of pro-inflammatory factors and an inflammatory cascade amplification effect, thus aggravating AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiong-Di Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuan-Qiao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Lin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hai-Chen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ye-Qing Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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3
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Thioredoxin-interacting protein deficiency protects against severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:914. [PMID: 36316322 PMCID: PMC9622726 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a common acute inflammatory abdominal disease. When acute pancreatitis progresses to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), it can lead to systemic inflammation and even multiple organ failure. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important protein involved in redox reactions of the inflammatory response. However, the specific role of TXNIP in SAP remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in acute pancreatitis when induced by high doses of arginine. We found that pancreatic damage and the inflammatory response associated with acute pancreatitis were largely restrained in TXNIP knock-out mice but were enhanced in mice overexpressing TXNIP. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ASK1 diminished in TXNIP-KO mice with pancreatitis in comparison with wild-type mice. The role of oxidative stress in SAP was explored in two models: TXNIP and AVV-TXNIP. TXNIP knockdown or the inhibition of ASK1 by gs-4997 abrogated the increase in p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ASK1 in AR42J cells incubated with L-Arg. The administration of gs-4997 to mice with pancreatitis largely reduced the upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Systemic inflammatory reactions and injury in the lungs and kidneys were assessed in TXNIP-KO and AVV-TXNIP mice with expected outcomes. In conclusion, TXNIP is a novel mediator of SAP and exerts action by regulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress via the ASK1-dependent activation of the JNK/p38 pathways. Thus, targeting TXNIP may represent a promising approach to protect against SAP.
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4
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Wu X, Xu X, Xiang Y, Fan D, An Q, Yue G, Jin Z, Ding J, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:163. [PMID: 36045437 PMCID: PMC9429695 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membranous vesicles containing RNA and proteins that are specifically secreted in vivo. Exosomes have many functions, such as material transport and signal transduction between cells. Many studies have proven that exosomes can not only be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis but also as carriers to transmit information between cells. Exosomes participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including the immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumour development. Differences in exosome functions depend on cell type. In recent years, exosome origin, cargo composition, and precise regulatory mechanisms have been the focus of research. Although exosomes have been extensively reported in digestive tumours, few articles have reviewed their roles in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, especially inflammatory-related diseases (such as reflux oesophagitis, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, and pancreatitis). This paper briefly summarizes the roles of exosomes in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system to provide a basis for research on the mechanism of inflammatory diseases of the digestive system targeted by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiming An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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5
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Tricetin Reduces Inflammation and Acinar Cell Injury in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: The Role of Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage Signaling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061371. [PMID: 35740393 PMCID: PMC9219693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) poses a worldwide challenge due to the growing incidence and its potentially life-threatening course and complications. Specific targeted therapies are not available, prompting the identification of new pathways and novel therapeutic approaches. Flavonoids comprise several groups of biologically active compounds with wide-ranging effects. The flavone compound, tricetin (TCT), has not yet been investigated in detail but sporadic reports indicate diverse biological activities. In the current study, we evaluated the potential protective effects of TCT in AP. TCT (30 μM) protected isolated primary murine acinar cells from the cytotoxic effects of cerulein, a cholecystokinin analog peptide. The protective effects of TCT were observed in a general viability assay (calcein ester hydrolysis), in an apoptosis assay (caspase activity), and in necrosis assays (propidium iodide uptake and lactate dehydrogenase release). The effects of TCT were not related to its potential antioxidant effects, as TCT did not protect against H2O2-induced acinar cell death despite possessing radical scavenging activity. Cerulein-induced expression of IL1β, IL6, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) were reduced by 30 μM TCT. In vivo experiments confirmed the protective effect of TCT in a mouse model of cerulein-induced AP. TCT suppressed edema formation and apoptosis in the pancreas and reduced lipase and amylase levels in the serum. Moreover, TCT inhibited interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expression in the pancreas and reduced the activation of the oxidative DNA damage sensor enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Our data indicate that TCT can be a potential treatment option for AP.
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New challenges for microRNAs in acute pancreatitis: progress and treatment. J Transl Med 2022; 20:192. [PMID: 35509084 PMCID: PMC9066850 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical abdominal emergency, with a high and increasing incidence each year. Severe AP can easily cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction and other complications, leading to higher hospitalization rates and mortality. Currently, there is no specific treatment for AP. Thus, we still need to understand the exact AP pathogenesis to effectively cure AP. With the rise of transcriptomics, RNA molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) transcribed from nonprotein-coding regions of biological genomes, have been found to be of great significance in the regulation of gene expression and to be involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs, as regulatory RNAs, can regulate pancreatic acinar necrosis and apoptosis and local and systemic inflammation and play an important role in the development and thus potentially the diagnosis and treatment of AP. Therefore, here, the current research on the relationship between miRNAs and AP is reviewed.
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7
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Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:153. [PMID: 35395948 PMCID: PMC8994331 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic diseases, a serious threat to human health, have garnered considerable research interest, as they are associated with a high mortality rate. However, owing to the uncertain etiology and complex pathophysiology, the treatment of pancreatic diseases is a challenge for clinicians and researchers. Exosomes, carriers of intercellular communication signals, play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. Exosomes are involved in multiple stages of pancreatic disease development, including apoptosis, immune regulation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and cell proliferation. Thus, extensive alterations in the quantity and variety of exosomes may be indicative of abnormal biological behaviors of pancreatic cells. This phenomenon could be exploited for the development of exosomes as a new biomarker or target of new treatment strategies. Several studies have demonstrated the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of exosomes in cancer and inflammatory pancreatic diseases. Herein, we introduce the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases and discuss directions for future research and perspectives of their applications.
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8
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Xia H, Akay YM, Akay M. Investigating miRNA-mRNA interactions and gene regulatory networks from VTA dopaminergic neurons following perinatal nicotine and alcohol exposure using Bayesian network analysis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:3550-3555. [PMID: 35290190 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3158620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in gene regulation for many biological systems, including nicotine and alcohol addiction. However, the underlying mechanism behind miRNAs and mRNA interaction is not well characterized. Microarrays are commonly used to quantify the expression levels of mRNAs and/or miRNAs simultaneously. In this study, we performed a Bayesian network analysis to identify mRNA and miRNA interactions following perinatal exposure to nicotine and/or alcohol. We utilized three sets of microarray data to predict the regulation relationship between mRNA and miRNAs. Following perinatal alcohol exposure, we identified two miRNAs: miR-542-5p and miR-874-3p, that exhibited a strong mutual influence on several mRNA in gene regulatory pathways, mainly Axon guidance and Dopaminergic synapses. Finally, we confirmed our predicted addiction pathways based on the Bayesian network analysis with the widely used Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based database and identified comparable relevant miRNA-mRNA pairs. We believe the Bayesian network can provide insight into the complexity biological process related to addiction and can potentially be applied to other diseases.
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9
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Parte S, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Acinar to ductal cell trans-differentiation: A prelude to dysplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188669. [PMID: 34915061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the deadliest neoplastic epithelial malignancies and is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2024. Five years overall survival being ~10%, mortality and incidence rates are disturbing. Acinar to ductal cell metaplasia (ADM) encompasses cellular reprogramming and phenotypic switch-over, making it a cardinal event in tumor initiation. Differential cues and varied regulatory factors drive synchronous functions of metaplastic cell populations leading to multiple cell fates and physiological outcomes. ADM is a precursor for developing early pre-neoplastic lesions further progressing into PC due to oncogenic signaling. Hence delineating molecular events guiding tumor initiation may provide cues for regenerative medicine and precision onco-medicine. Therefore, understanding PC pathogenesis and early diagnosis are crucial. We hereby provide a timely overview of the current progress in this direction and future perspectives we foresee unfolding in the best interest of patient well-being and better clinical management of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Ahmad A. Epigenetic regulation of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages through dysregulated microRNAs. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:26-33. [PMID: 34556420 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells that play different roles under different physiological conditions. They are present in all tissues where they primarily protect from bacteria and pathogens in addition to assisting in tissue repair. During tumor progression, macrophages can exert contrasting effects based on the M1 vs. M2 polarization. The M2 macrophages support tumor growth through mechanisms that help suppress immune responses and/or circumvent immune-surveillance. A number of such mechanisms such as production of IL-10 and arginase, and expression of PD-L1, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation and B7 family molecule B7-H4 are now believed central to the immunosuppressive effects of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Emerging data has identified epigenetic regulation of these immunosuppressive mechanisms by small non-coding RNAs, the microRNAs (miRNAs). This review discusses the available literature on the subject, including the exosomes mediated transfer of miRNAs between cancer cells and the macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. A number of miRNAs are now believed to be involved in TAMs' production of IL-10 and expression of PD-L1 while the information on such regulation of other immunosuppressive mechanisms is slowly emerging. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation of macrophages-mediated immunosuppressive effect can help identify novel targets for therapy and aid the design of future studies aimed at sensitizing tumors to immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Hu Q, Lyon CJ, Fletcher JK, Tang W, Wan M, Hu TY. Extracellular vesicle activities regulating macrophage- and tissue-mediated injury and repair responses. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1493-1512. [PMID: 34221864 PMCID: PMC8245807 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are typically identified as classically activated (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, which respectively exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and the balance between these two subtypes plays a critical role in the regulation of tissue inflammation, injury, and repair processes. Recent studies indicate that tissue cells and macrophages interact via the release of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) in processes where EVs released by stressed tissue cells can promote the activation and polarization of adjacent macrophages which can in turn release EVs and factors that can promote cell stress and tissue inflammation and injury, and vice versa. This review discusses the roles of such EVs in regulating such interactions to influence tissue inflammation and injury in a number of acute and chronic inflammatory disease conditions, and the potential applications, advantage and concerns for using EV-based therapeutic approaches to treat such conditions, including their potential role of drug carriers for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Key Words
- ADSCs, adipose-derived stem cells
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- ALI, acute lung injury
- AMs, alveolar macrophages
- BMSCs, bone marrow stromal cells
- CLP, cecal ligation and puncture
- DSS, dextran sodium sulphate
- EVs, extracellular vesicles
- Extracellular vesicles
- HSPA12B, heat shock protein A12B
- HUCMSCs, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- Inflammatory disease
- Interaction loop
- KCs, Kupffer cells
- KLF4, krüppel-like factor 4
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MSCs, mesenchymal stromal cells
- MVs, microvesicles
- Macrophage
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PMFA, 5,7,30,40,50-pentamethoxyflavanone
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- SIRPα, signal regulatory protein α
- Sepsis
- Stem cell
- TECs, tubular epithelial cells
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Targeted therapy
- Tissue injury
- iNOS, inducible nitrogen oxide synthase
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12
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Jia YC, Ding YX, Mei WT, Wang YT, Zheng Z, Qu YX, Liang K, Li J, Cao F, Li F. Extracellular vesicles and pancreatitis: mechanisms, status and perspectives. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:549-561. [PMID: 33613112 PMCID: PMC7893579 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.54858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive reviews and large population-based cohort studies have played an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis and its sequelae. The incidence and mortality of pancreatitis have been reduced significantly due to substantial advancements in the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinically effective treatments. The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify cell-to-cell communication in diseases such as pancreatitis. Exosomes are a subset of EVs with an average diameter of 50~150 nm. Their diverse and unique constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which can be transferred to trigger phenotypic changes of recipient cells. In recent years, many reports have indicated the role of EVs in pancreatitis, including acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and autoimmune pancreatitis, suggesting their potential influence on the development and progression of pancreatitis. Plasma exosomes of acute pancreatitis can effectively reach the alveolar cavity and activate alveolar macrophages to cause acute lung injury. Furthermore, upregulated exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for acute pancreatitis. Here, we summarized the current understanding of EVs in pancreatitis with an emphasis on their biological roles and their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Tong Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Xu Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Polyethylene Glycol 35 (PEG35) Modulates Exosomal Uptake and Function. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123044. [PMID: 33353210 PMCID: PMC7766665 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are neutral polymers widely used in biomedical applications due to its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by nearly all cell types and play an important role in normal and pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of a 35-kDa molecular weight PEG (PEG35) on the modulation of exosome-mediated inflammation. Human macrophage-like cells THP-1, epithelial BICR-18, and CAPAN-2 cells were exposed to PEG35 prior to incubation with exosomes of different cellular origins. Exosome internalization was evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. In another set of experiments, macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of PEG35 prior to exposure with the appropriate stimuli: lipopolysaccharide, BICR-18-derived exosomes, or exosomes from acute pancreatitis-induced rats. Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory Interleukin 1β (IL1β) were determined. PEG35 administration significantly enhanced the internalization of exosomes in both macrophages and epithelial cells. Further, PEG35 ameliorated the inflammatory response induced by acute pancreatitis-derived exosomes by reducing the expression of IL1β and p65 nuclear translocation. Our results revealed that PEG35 promotes the cellular uptake of exosomes and modulates the pro-inflammatory effect of acute pancreatitis-derived vesicles through inhibition of NFκB, thus emphasizing the potential value of PEG35 as an anti-inflammatory agent for biomedical purposes.
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Ge P, Luo Y, Okoye CS, Chen H, Liu J, Zhang G, Xu C, Chen H. Intestinal barrier damage, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and acute lung injury: A troublesome trio for acute pancreatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110770. [PMID: 33011613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), a serious inflammatory disease of the pancreas, can easily lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most serious complications of SAP. However, the specific pathogenesis of SAP-associated ALI is not fully understood. Crosstalk and multi-mechanisms involving pancreatic necrosis, bacteremia, intestinal barrier failure, activation of inflammatory cascades and diffuse alveolar damage is the main reason for the unclear pathological mechanism of SAP-associated ALI. According to previous research on SAP-associated ALI in our laboratory and theories put forward by other scholars, we propose that the complex pattern of SAP-associated ALI is based on the "pancreas-intestine-inflammation/endotoxin-lung (P-I-I/E-L) pathway". In this review, we mainly concentrated on the specific details of the "P-I-I/E-L pathway" and the potential treatments or preventive measures for SAP-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Chukwuemeka Samuel Okoye
- Orthopedic Research Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, PR China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
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15
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Sun W, Ren Y, Lu Z, Zhao X. The potential roles of exosomes in pancreatic cancer initiation and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:135. [PMID: 32878635 PMCID: PMC7466807 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is an insidious and highly metastatic malignancy, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. So far, the pathogenesis and progression mechanisms of PaCa have been poorly characterized. Exosomes correspond to a class of extracellular nanovesicles, produced by a broad range of human somatic and cancerous cells. These particular nanovesicles are mainly composed by proteins, genetic substances and lipids, which mediate signal transduction and material transport. A large number of studies have indicated that exosomes may play decisive roles in the occurrence and metastatic progression of PaCa. This article summarizes the specific functions of exosomes and their underlying molecular mechanisms in mediating the initiation and metastatic capability of PaCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Wu XB, Sun HY, Luo ZL, Cheng L, Duan XM, Ren JD. Plasma-derived exosomes contribute to pancreatitis-associated lung injury by triggering NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Zhu C, Liu Y, Song Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Yang S, Li D, Zhang Y, Cheng B. Deletion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor ameliorates inflammation in mice model severe acute pancreatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109919. [PMID: 32062385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. However, the role of MIF in acute pancreatitis (AP) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of MIF in the pathogenesis of AP using MIF-/- mice (referred to as KO) and the biological effects of pharmacological inhibition of MIF in l-arginine induced AP. METHODS AP was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type (referred to as WT) and KO mice by administration of l-arginine. The severity of AP was assessed by serum analysis of amylase and lipase, and of these pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Histological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic tissues were examined for inflammation and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. We also investigated the biological effects of pharmacological inhibition of MIF activity using ISO-1((S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester). RESULTS At 72 h after the induction of AP with l-arginine, significantly lower levels of serum amylase, lipase, TNF-α, and IL-1β were observed in KO mice when compared with WT controls. Histological examination further showed protective effects against pancreatic tissue damage and inflammation, with pancreatic expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB p65 markedly reduced. Pharmacological inhibition of MIF activity with ISO-1 markedly mirrored the protective effect seen in the KO AP model providing further evidence that MIF is involved in the pathogenesis of AP. CONCLUSION Our data provided strong evidence for the participation of MIF in the pathogenesis of AP and subsequent inflammatory response. The genetic ablation of MIF or its inhibition with pharmacological agents significantly ameliorated the severity of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changju Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China
| | - Yaodong Song
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China
| | - Qiaofang Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
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18
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Jiménez-Alesanco A, Marcuello M, Pastor-Jiménez M, López-Puerto L, Bonjoch L, Gironella M, Carrascal M, Abian J, de-Madaria E, Closa D. Acute pancreatitis promotes the generation of two different exosome populations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19887. [PMID: 31882721 PMCID: PMC6934470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that act as intercellular messengers. Previous studies revealed that, during acute pancreatitis, circulating exosomes could reach the alveolar compartment and activate macrophages. However, proteomic analysis suggested that the most likely origin of these exosomes could be the liver instead of the pancreas. The present study aimed to characterize the exosomes released by pancreas to pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (PAAF) as well as those circulating in plasma in an experimental model of taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. We provide evidence that during acute pancreatitis two different populations of exosomes are generated with relevant differences in cell distribution, protein and microRNA content as well as different implications in their physiological effects. During pancreatitis plasma exosomes, but not PAAF exosomes, are enriched in the inflammatory miR-155 and show low levels of miR-21 and miR-122. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis showed that PAAF exosomes contains 10–30 fold higher loading of histones and ribosomal proteins compared to plasma exosomes. Finally, plasma exosomes have higher pro-inflammatory activity on macrophages than PAAF exosomes. These results confirm the generation of two different populations of exosomes during acute pancreatitis. Deep understanding of their specific functions will be necessary to use them as therapeutic targets at different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jiménez-Alesanco
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Marcuello
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)-IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pastor-Jiménez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L López-Puerto
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Bonjoch
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gironella
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)-IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carrascal
- Proteomics Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CSIC/UAB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Abian
- Proteomics Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CSIC/UAB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E de-Madaria
- Pancreatic Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - Fundación FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - D Closa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Yang Y, Huang Q, Luo C, Wen Y, Liu R, Sun H, Tang L. MicroRNAs in acute pancreatitis: From pathogenesis to novel diagnosis and therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1948-1961. [PMID: 31552677 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder initiated by activation of pancreatic zymogens, leading to pancreatic injury and systemic inflammatory response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and key players in human physiological and pathological processes. Discoveries over the past decade have confirmed that altered expression of miRNAs is implicated in the pathogenesis of AP. Indeed, a number of miRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in various cell types involved in AP such as acinar cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. These aberrant miRNAs can regulate acinar cell necrosis and apoptosis, local and systemic inflammatory response, thereby contributing to the initiation and progression of AP. Moreover, patients with AP possess unique miRNA signatures when compared with healthy individuals or those with other diseases. In view of their stability and easy detection, therefore, miRNAs have the potential to act as biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with AP. In this review, we provide an overview of the novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of miRNAs during the disease processes of AP, as well as the potential diagnosis and therapeutic biomarkers of miRNAs in patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Ruohong Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Guo XY, Xiao F, Li J, Zhou YN, Zhang WJ, Sun B, Wang G. Exosomes and pancreatic diseases: status, challenges, and hopes. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1846-1860. [PMID: 31523187 PMCID: PMC6743302 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic disease, including pathologies such as acute pancreatitis (AP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), and pancreatic cancer (PC), is a complicated and dangerous clinical condition involving the disruption of exocrine or endocrine function. PC has one of the highest mortality rates among cancers due to insufficient diagnosis in early stages. Furthermore, efficient treatment options for the disease etiologies of AP and CP are lacking. Thus, the identification of new therapeutic targets and reliable biomarkers is required. As essential couriers in intercellular communication, exosomes have recently been confirmed to play an important role in pancreatic disease, but the specific underlying mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of exosomes in pancreatic disease with respect to diagnosis, molecular mechanisms, and treatment, proposing new ideas for the study of pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Guo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wang-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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21
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Xu J, Feng Y, Jeyaram A, Jay SM, Zou L, Chao W. Circulating Plasma Extracellular Vesicles from Septic Mice Induce Inflammation via MicroRNA- and TLR7-Dependent Mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3392-3400. [PMID: 30355788 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that a group of host cellular microRNAs (miRNAs; miR-34a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-210-3p) are released into the blood during sepsis, some of which are capable of inducing complement activation, cytokine production, and leukocyte migration. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as vehicles for extracellular miRNA-mediated intercellular communication. However, the biological function of plasma EVs and the associated miRNAs in sepsis are largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that plasma EVs in sepsis are proinflammatory and EV-associated miRNAs are responsible for EV-induced cytokine production. Compared with those of sham mice, the plasma EVs from septic mice were slightly smaller (157 ± 2 versus 191 ± 6 nm, p < 0.0001), but more abundant [(1.6 ± 0.14) × 1010 versus (0.93 ± 0.14) × 1010/ml plasma, p < 0.003]. miRNA array revealed that among 65 miRNAs, 8 miRNAs exhibited >1.5-fold increase in septic EVs compared with sham EVs, including miR-126-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-222-3p, and miR-181a-5p. Septic but not sham EVs were proinflammatory, promoting IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 production. The effects of EVs were resistant to polymyxin B (an endotoxin inhibitor) but significantly inhibited by anti-miR inhibitors against miR-34a, miR-122, and miR-146a. Moreover, the septic EV-induced cytokine production was attenuated in TLR7-/- or MyD88-/- cells but remained the same in TLR3-/- or Trif-/- cells. In vivo, mice i.p. injected with septic EVs had marked peritoneal neutrophil migration, which was significantly attenuated in MyD88-/- mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that plasma EVs of septic animals play an important role in inflammation, and EV-associated miRNAs likely mediate the cytokine production via TLR7-MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Xu
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yan Feng
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Anjana Jeyaram
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Lin Zou
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
| | - Wei Chao
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
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22
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Xiang H, Tao X, Xia S, Qu J, Song H, Liu J, Shang D. Emodin Alleviates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Pancreatic Acinar Cell Injury via MicroRNA-30a-5p-Mediated Inhibition of High-Temperature Requirement A/Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Inflammatory Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1488. [PMID: 29163548 PMCID: PMC5681496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, and it can induce pancreatic necrosis that starts within pancreatic acinar cells in severe cases. Emodin, a pleiotropic natural product isolated from the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L., has effective anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanism of emodin against sodium taurocholate (STC)-induced pancreatic acinar cells injury in vitro and in vivo; and the results showed that emodin could significantly alleviate STC-induced pancreatic acinar cells injury through decreasing trypsin, amylase and the release of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6). Also, we found that emodin could significantly downregulate the HTRA1, interleukin-33, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, TNF receptor-associated factor-6, and nuclear factor kappa-B protein levels, but upregulate the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) protein level. These results indicated that emodin alleviated pancreatic acinar cells injury mainly through inhibiting HTRA1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway, and this finding was further proved by the HTRA1 overexpression experiments. In addition, the inflammatory regulator microRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p) was confirmed to be a transcriptional brake that controls the HTRA1 gene through using a dual luciferase reporter assay, and it was upregulated by emodin in pancreatic acinar cells. Furthermore, the pancreatic protective effects and anti-inflammatory activities of emodin were all abrogated with both miR-30a-5p inhibitor in vitro and miR-30a-5p antagomir in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-30a-5p/HTRA1 are the target of emodin-mediated attenuation of pancreatic acinar cell injury in pancreatitis, thus providing the foundation for further development of this natural product for medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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23
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Xiang H, Tao X, Xia S, Qu J, Song H, Liu J, Shang D. Targeting MicroRNA Function in Acute Pancreatitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:726. [PMID: 28983256 PMCID: PMC5613139 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that featured by acute inflammatory responses leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or multiple organ failure. A worldwide increase in annual incidence has been observed during the past decade with high acute hospitalization and mortality. Lack of any specific treatment for AP, even to this day, is a reminder that there is much to be learned about the exact pathogenesis of AP. Fortunately, the discovery of microRNA (miRNA) has started an entirely new thought process regarding the molecular mechanism associated with the disease processes. Given the extensive effort made on miRNA research, certain types of miRNA have been identified across a variety of biological processes, including cell differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Mutations in miRNA sequences or deregulation of miRNA expression may contribute to the alteration of a pivotal physiological function leading to AP. Designing miRNA-related tools for AP diagnosis and treatment presents a novel and potential research frontier. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of various miRNAs closely interacting with AP and the possible development of targeted miRNA therapies in this disease, which may benefit the development of potential disease biomarkers and novel treatment targets for future medical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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Meng S, Wang H, Xue D, Zhang W. Screening and validation of differentially expressed extracellular miRNAs in acute pancreatitis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6412-6418. [PMID: 28849189 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen for differentially expressed extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) during the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and validate the miRNA expression in the plasma of patients with AP. The culture medium of taurolithocholic acid‑3 sulfate‑treated rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells was collected to extract total RNA for miRNA microarray analysis. Compared with the miRNA test results of the AP rats in the GEO databases, the differentially expressed extracellular miRNAs were screened. The TargetScan, miRanda, and PicTar programs were used for target gene prediction of the identified miRNAs, and gene ontology‑biological processes (GO‑BP) functional annotation was performed. Finally, the results from the combined microarray analyses (in vitro cell line and in vivo rat samples) were validated using plasma samples from patients with mild and moderately severe AP by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that extracellular miR‑24 was differentially expressed by microarray and bioinformatics analysis in both the cell line and the animal model of AP. Bioinformatics prediction analysis revealed that downstream target genes of miR‑24 included Vav2, Syk, Lhcgr, Slc9a3r1, Cacnb1, Cacna1b, Bcl10, and Fgd3. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the main GO‑BP predicted functional presentations were positive regulation of calcium‑mediated signaling, activation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase activity, calcium ion transport, regulation of Rho protein signal transduction, negative regulation of the protein kinase B signaling cascade, and the T cell receptor signaling pathway. Validation analysis for the plasma miR‑24 expression in humans revealed a significant upregulation of miR‑24 in the plasma samples of AP patients compared with the healthy controls, while no significant difference was observed in the miR‑24 expression between the mild and the moderately severe AP groups. The present study confirmed the high expression of miR‑24 in peripheral blood during AP, suggesting that miR‑24 might have an intercellular communication role contributing to the AP‑associated distant organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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