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Tarbeeva DV, Pislyagin EA, Menchinskaya ES, Berdyshev DV, Krylova NV, Iunikhina OV, Kalinovskiy AI, Shchelkanov MY, Mishchenko NP, Aminin DL, Fedoreyev SA. Polyphenols from Maackia amurensis Heartwood Protect Neuronal Cells from Oxidative Stress and Prevent Herpetic Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4142. [PMID: 38673729 PMCID: PMC11050087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we continued the investigation of anti-HSV-1 activity and neuroprotective potential of 14 polyphenolic compounds isolated from Maackia amurensis heartwood. We determined the absolute configurations of asymmetric centers in scirpusin A (13) and maackiazin (10) as 7R,8R and 1″S,2″S, respectively. We showed that dimeric stilbens maackin (9) and scirpusin A (13) possessed the highest anti-HSV-1 activity among polyphenols 1-14. We also studied the effect of polyphenols 9 and 13 on the early stages of HSV-1 infection. Direct interaction with the virus (virucidal activity) was the main mechanism of the antiviral activity of these compounds. The neuroprotective potential of polyphenolic compounds from M. amurensis was studied using models of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-and paraquat (PQ)-induced neurotoxicity. A dimeric stilbene scirpusin A (13) and a flavonoid liquiritigenin (6) were shown to be the most active compounds among the tested polyphenols. These compounds significantly increased the viability of 6-OHDA-and PQ-treated Neuro-2a cells, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the intracellular ROS level. We also found that scirpusin A (13), liquiritigenin (6) and retusin (3) considerably increased the percentage of live Neuro-2a cells and decreased the number of early apoptotic cells. Scirpusin A (13) was the most promising compound possessing both anti-HSV-1 activity and neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya V. Tarbeeva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Evgeny A. Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Dmitrii V. Berdyshev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Natalya V. Krylova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.V.K.); (O.V.I.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Olga V. Iunikhina
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.V.K.); (O.V.I.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Anatoliy I. Kalinovskiy
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Mikhail Y. Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.V.K.); (O.V.I.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Natalia P. Mishchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Sergey A. Fedoreyev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.P.); (E.S.M.); (D.V.B.); (A.I.K.); (N.P.M.); (D.L.A.); (S.A.F.)
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Zilinskaite N, Shukla RP, Baradoke A. Use of 3D Printing Techniques to Fabricate Implantable Microelectrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:315-336. [PMID: 37868357 PMCID: PMC10588936 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This Review provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing techniques to fabricate implantable microelectrodes for the electrochemical detection of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Early diagnosis of these diseases is crucial to improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare systems' burden. Biomarkers serve as measurable indicators of these diseases, and implantable microelectrodes offer a promising tool for their electrochemical detection. Here, we discuss various 3D printing techniques, including stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and two-photon polymerization (2PP), highlighting their advantages and limitations in microelectrode fabrication. We also explore the materials used in constructing implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. The principles of electrochemical detection and the types of sensors utilized are examined, with a focus on their applications in detecting biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of 3D-printed implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their potential for improving early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemira Zilinskaite
- Wellcome/Cancer
Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and
Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Vilnius, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rajendra P. Shukla
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck
Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- Wellcome/Cancer
Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and
Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Vilnius, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck
Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Center for
Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Feng S, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Shu Z, Cheng Z, Brenner C, Feng P. Mechanistic insights into the role of herpes simplex virus 1 in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1245904. [PMID: 37744399 PMCID: PMC10512732 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1245904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder, threatening millions of people worldwide. The onset and progression of AD can be accelerated by environmental risk factors, such as bacterial and viral infections. Human herpesviruses are ubiquitous infectious agents that underpin numerous inflammatory disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. Published studies concerning human herpesviruses in AD imply an active role HSV-1 in the pathogenesis of AD. This review will summarize the current understanding of HSV-1 infection in AD and highlight some barriers to advance this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Feng
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Shu
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhuxi Cheng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- International Department, Beijing Bayi School, Beijing, China
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Spagnuolo L, Della Posta S, Fanali C, Dugo L, De Gara L. Chemical Composition of Hazelnut Skin Food Waste and Protective Role against Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) Damage in THP-1-Derived Macrophages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062680. [PMID: 36985650 PMCID: PMC10054400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are known to occur during aging, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Increased glucose or methylglyoxal (MGO) levels in the blood of diabetic patients result in increased AGEs. A diet rich in bioactive food compounds, like polyphenols, has a protective effect. The aim of this work is to evaluate the capacity of hazelnut skin polyphenolic extract to protect THP-1-macrophages from damage induced by AGEs. The main polyphenolic subclass was identified and quantified by means of HPLC/MS and the Folin–Ciocalteu method. AGEs derived from incubation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and MGO were characterized by fluorescence. Cell viability measurement was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the polyphenolic extract in macrophages. Reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) production was assessed by the H2-DCF-DA assay, the inflammatory response by real-time PCR for gene expression, and the ELISA assay for protein quantification. We have shown that the polyphenolic extract protected cell viability from damage induced by AGEs. After treatment with AGEs, macrophages expressed high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS, whereas in co-treatment with polyphenol extract there was a reduction in either case. Our study suggests that hazelnut skin polyphenol-rich extracts have positive effects and could be further investigated for nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Dugo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-22541-9470
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Neuroprotective and Antiherpetic Properties of Polyphenolic Compounds from Maackia amurensis Heartwood. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062593. [PMID: 36985562 PMCID: PMC10056899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we isolated a new isoflavanostilbene maackiapicevestitol (1) as a mixture of two stable conformers 1a and 1b as well as five previously known dimeric and monomeric stilbens: piceatannol (2), maackin (3), scirpusin A (4), maackiasine (5), and maackolin (6) from M. amurensis heartwood, using column chromatography on polyamide, silicagel, and C-18. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR, HR-MS, and CD techniques. Maksar® obtained from M. amurensis heartwood and polyphenolics 1–6 possessed moderate anti-HSV-1 activity in cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition and RT-PCR assays. A model of PQ-induced neurotoxicity was used to study the neuroprotective potential of polyphenolic compounds from M. amurensis. Maksar® showed the highest neuroprotective activity and increased cell viability by 18% at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Maackolin (6) also effectively increased the viability of PQ-treated Neuro-2a cells and the value of mitochondrial membrane potential at concentrations up to 10 μΜ. Maksar® and compounds 1–6 possessed higher FRAP and DPPH-scavenging effects than quercetin. However, only compounds 1 and 4 at concentrations of 10 μM as well as Maksar® (10 μg/mL) statistically significantly reduced the level of intracellular ROS in PQ-treated Neuro-2a cells.
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Assoni AF, Foijer F, Zatz M. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, FUS and Protein Synthesis Defects. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 19:625-638. [PMID: 36515764 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the motor system. It is a very heterogeneous disorder, so far more than 40 genes have been described as responsible for ALS. The cause of motor neuron degeneration is not yet fully understood, but there is consensus in the literature that it is the result of a complex interplay of several pathogenic processes, which include alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, defects in transcription and splicing, altered formation and/or disassembly of stress granules and impaired proteostasis. These defects result in protein aggregation, impaired DNA repair, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, impaired axonal transport, impaired vesicular transport, excitotoxicity, as well as impaired calcium influx. We argue here that all the above functions ultimately lead to defects in protein synthesis. Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) is one of the genes associated with ALS. It causes ALS type 6 when mutated and is found mislocalized to the cytoplasm in the motor neurons of sporadic ALS patients (without FUS mutations). In addition, FUS plays a role in all cellular functions that are impaired in degenerating motor neurons. Moreover, ALS patients with FUS mutations present the first symptoms significantly earlier than in other forms of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this review is to further discuss ALS6, detail the cellular functions of FUS, and suggest that the localization of FUS, as well as protein synthesis rates, could be hallmarks of the ALS phenotype and thus good therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Faria Assoni
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 055080-090, CidadeUniversitária, São Paulo, Brazil.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 055080-090, CidadeUniversitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li S, Le W. Editorial: Viral infection and brain diseases. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:108-109. [PMID: 35870738 PMCID: PMC9299986 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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BK Polyomavirus Activates HSF1 Stimulating Human Kidney Hek293 Cell Proliferation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9176993. [PMID: 34845419 PMCID: PMC8627348 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9176993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Some DNA viruses, such as BKPyV, are capable of inducing neoplastic transformation in human tissues through still unclear mechanisms. The goal of this study is to investigate the carcinogenic potential of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in human embryonic kidney 293 (Hek293) cells, dissecting the molecular mechanism that determines the neoplastic transformation. Materials and Methods BKPyV, isolated from urine samples of infected patients, was used to infect monolayers of Hek293 cells. Subsequently, intracellular redox changes, GSH/GSSH concentration by HPLC, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production were monitored. Moreover, to understand the signaling pathway underlying the neoplastic transformation, the redox-sensitive HFS1-Hsp27 molecular axis was examined using the flavonoid quercetin and polishort hairpin RNA technologies. Results The data obtained show that while BKPyV replication is closely linked to the transcription factor p53, the increase in Hek293 cell proliferation is due to the activation of the signaling pathway mediated by HSF1-Hsp27. In fact, its inhibition blocks viral replication and cell growth, respectively. Conclusions The HSF1-Hsp27 signaling pathway is involved in BKPyV infection and cellular replication and its activation, which could be involved in cell transformation.
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Jansen van Vuren E, Steyn SF, Brink CB, Möller M, Viljoen FP, Harvey BH. The neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19: Interactions with psychiatric illness and pharmacological treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111200. [PMID: 33421734 PMCID: PMC7834135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) has had major global impact. The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and psychiatric diseases is of great concern, with an evident link between corona virus infections and various central and peripheral nervous system manifestations. Unmitigated neuro-inflammation has been noted to underlie not only the severe respiratory complications of the disease but is also present in a range of neuro-psychiatric illnesses. Several neurological and psychiatric disorders are characterized by immune-inflammatory states, while treatments for these disorders have distinct anti-inflammatory properties and effects. With inflammation being a common contributing factor in SARS-CoV-2, as well as psychiatric disorders, treatment of either condition may affect disease progression of the other or alter response to pharmacological treatment. In this review, we elucidate how viral infections could affect pre-existing psychiatric conditions and how pharmacological treatments of these conditions may affect overall progress and outcome in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. We address whether any treatment-induced benefits and potential adverse effects may ultimately affect the overall treatment approach, considering the underlying dysregulated neuro-inflammatory processes and potential drug interactions. Finally, we suggest adjunctive treatment options for SARS-CoV-2-associated neuro-psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmé Jansen van Vuren
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Stephan F Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Christiaan B Brink
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Francois P Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; South African MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Khokale R, Kang A, Buchanan-Peart KAR, Nelson ML, Awolumate OJ, Cancarevic I. Alzheimer's Gone Viral: Could Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Be Stealing Your Memories? Cureus 2020; 12:e11726. [PMID: 33403161 PMCID: PMC7772174 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the principal causes of disability and morbidity. It is one of the most expensive illnesses. Despite this, there are no significant data regarding its etiology and optimal treatment. This review concentrates on the viral hypothesis of AD. After a comprehensive PubMed literature search, we analyzed the studies associating herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV1) infection to AD from the previous 10 years. Molecular mechanisms whereby HSV1 induces AD-related pathophysiology, including neuronal production and accumulation of amyloid-beta (amyloid-β), abnormal phosphorylation of tau proteins, impaired calcium homeostasis, and autophagy, are addressed. The virus also imitates the disease in other ways, showing increased neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Serological studies correlate HSV1 infection with AD and cognitive impairment. A causal link between HSV1 and AD raises the concept of a simple, efficient, and preventive treatment alternative. Anti-viral agents impede brain degeneration by preventing HSV1 spread and its replication, decreasing hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β; thus providing an efficacious treatment for AD. We also mention brown algae, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and a synthetic drug, BAY57-1293, with anti-viral properties, as options for treating AD. We want to recommend future researchers to look for more affordable, non-invasive, and swifter techniques to identify HSV1 in the brain and assist in the early detection and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhutuja Khokale
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ayesha Kang
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Maxine L Nelson
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Oluwatayo J Awolumate
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ivan Cancarevic
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Transcriptome analysis in rhesus macaques infected with hepatitis E virus genotype 1/3 infections and genotype 1 re-infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237618. [PMID: 32877413 PMCID: PMC7467224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 1 (gt1) and gt3 infections have distinct epidemiologic characteristics and genotype-specific molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis are not well characterized. Previously, we showed differences in immune response-related gene expression profiles of HEV gt1 and gt3 infections using qPCR. We hypothesize that HEV gt1 and gt3 infections induce transcriptome modifications contributing to disease pathogenesis. RNAseq analysis was performed using liver biopsy samples of naïve (baseline), HEV gt1, or gt3-infected rhesus macaques, and nine anti-HEV positive rhesus macaques re-inoculated with HEV gt1. All 10 primary HEV gt1/gt3 infected animals exhibited the typical course of acute viral hepatitis and cleared the infection between 27 to 67 days after inoculation. Viremic stages of HEV infection were defined as early, peak, and decline based on HEV RNA titers in daily stool specimens. During early, peak, and decline phases of infection, HEV gt1 induced 415, 417, and 1769 differentially expressed genes, respectively, and 310, 678, and 388 genes were differentially expressed by HEV gt3, respectively (fold change ≥ 2.0, p-value ≤ 0.05). In the HEV gt1 infection, genes related to metabolic pathways were differentially expressed during the three phases of infection. In contrast, oxidative reduction (early phase), immune responses (peak phase), and T cell cytokine production (decline phase) were found to be regulated during HEV gt3 infection. In addition, FoxO and MAPK signaling pathways were differentially regulated in re-infected and protected animals against HEV gt1 reinfection, respectively. Significant differences of hepatic gene regulation exist between HEV gt1 and gt3 infections. These findings reveal a new link between molecular pathogenesis and epidemiological characteristics seen in HEV gt1 and gt3 infections.
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Zhou L, Li Y, Zhou A, Zhang G, Cheng ZQ, Ge YX, Liu SK, Azevedo RB, Zhang J, Jiang S, Jiang CS. A New Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Imaging of Cysteine in Living Cells. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1357-1364. [PMID: 32870455 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is an important endogenous amino acid and plays critical physiological roles in living systems. Herein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting fluorescent probe (FER-Cys) was designed and prepared for imaging of Cys in living cells. The probe FER-Cys consists of a fluorescein framework as the fluorescent platform, acrylate group as the response site for the selective recognition of Cys, and ER-specific p-toluenesulfonamide fragment. After the response of probe FER-Cys to Cys, a turn-on fluorescence signal at 546 nm could be detected obviously. The probe FER-Cys further shows desirable selectivity to Cys. Finally, the probe FER-Cys was proven to selectively detect Cys in live cells and successfully image the changes of Cys level in the cell models of H2O2-induced redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Laiyu Chemical Co., Itd, Laizhou, China
| | - Aiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | | | - Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yong-Xi Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shan-Kui Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | | | - Juan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | | | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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13
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Zhang LN, Li MJ, Shang YH, Zhao FF, Huang HC, Lao FX. Independent and Correlated Role of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 Genotype and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:15-31. [PMID: 32804091 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ɛ4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in individuals infected by Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been demonstrated to be a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE-ɛ4 reduces the levels of neuronal cholesterol, interferes with the transportation of cholesterol, impairs repair of synapses, decreases the clearance of neurotoxic peptide amyloid-β (Aβ), and promotes the deposition of amyloid plaque, and eventually may cause development of AD. HSV-1 enters host cells and can infect the olfactory system, trigeminal ganglia, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus, and may cause AD-like pathological changes. The lifecycle of HSV-1 goes through a long latent phase. HSV-1 induces neurotropic cytokine expression with pro-inflammatory action and inhibits antiviral cytokine production in AD. It should be noted that interferons display antiviral activity in HSV-1-infected AD patients. Reactivated HSV-1 is associated with infectious burden in cognitive decline and AD. Finally, HSV-1 DNA has been confirmed as present in human brains and is associated with APOEɛ4 in AD. HSV-1 and APOEɛ4 increase the risk of AD and relate to abnormal autophagy, higher concentrations of HSV-1 DNA in AD, and formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hui Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Fan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Han-Chang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xue Lao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
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14
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Hashimoto M, Ho G, Takamatsu Y, Wada R, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Waragai M, Masliah E. Possible Role of Amyloid Cross-Seeding in Evolvability and Neurodegenerative Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 9:793-802. [PMID: 31524179 PMCID: PMC6839461 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are frequently associated with the aggregation of multiple amyloidogenic proteins (APs), although the reason why such detrimental phenomena have emerged in the post-reproductive human brain across evolution is unclear. Speculatively, APs might provide physiological benefits for the human brain during developmental/reproductive stages. Of relevance, it is noteworthy that cross-seeding (CS) of APs has recently been characterized in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative disease, and that normal physiological CS of multiple APs has also been observed in lower organisms, including yeast and bacteria. In this context, our main objective is to discuss a possible involvement of the CS of APs in promoting evolvability, a hypothetical view regarding the function of APs as an inheritance of acquired characteristics against human brain stressors, which are transgenerationally transmitted to offspring via germ cells. Mechanistically, the protofibrils formed by the CS of multiple APs might confer hormesis more potently than individual APs. By virtue of greater encoded stress information in parental brains being available, the brains of offspring can cope more efficiently with forth-coming stressors. On the other hand, subsequent neurodegeneration caused by APs in parental brain through the antagonistic pleiotropy mechanism in aging, may suggest that synergistically, multiple APs might be more detrimental compared to singular AP in neurodegeneration. Taken together, we suggest that the CS of multiple APs might be involved in both evolvability and neurodegenerative disease in human brain, which may be mechanistically and therapeutically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Tobore TO. On the Etiopathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Theoretical Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:417-437. [PMID: 30775973 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimers' disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with an estimated 5 million new cases occurring annually. Among the elderly, AD shortens life expectancy, results in disability, decreases quality of life, and ultimately, leads to institutionalization. Despite extensive research in the last few decades, its heterogeneous pathophysiology and etiopathogenesis have made it difficult to develop an effective treatment and prevention strategy. Aging is the biggest risk factor for AD and evidence suggest that the total number of older people in the population is going to increase astronomically in the next decades. Also, there is evidence that air pollution and increasing income inequality may result in higher incidence and prevalence of AD. This makes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease extremely critical. In this paper, a quintuple framework of thyroid dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, sex hormones, and mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress are used to provide a comprehensive description of AD etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology. The individual role of each factor, their synergistic and genetic interactions, as well as the limitations of the framework are discussed.
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16
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Dozio E, Vianello E, Sitzia C, Ambrogi F, Benedini S, Gorini S, Rampoldi B, Rigolini R, Tacchini L, Corsi Romanelli MM. Circulating Irisin and esRAGE as Early Biomarkers of Decline of Metabolic Health. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020454. [PMID: 32041319 PMCID: PMC7074501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in metabolic health may take place before observing any alteration in the levels of the traditional metabolic markers. New indicators of metabolic derangement are therefore compelling. Irisin is a myokine with important metabolic functions. The role of irisin as a metabolic biomarker in humans has not been fully established yet. We quantified plasma irisin and esRAGE in 106 apparently healthy individuals and we performed a cluster analysis to evaluate their associations with metabolic profile. Plasma levels of various traditional markers of metabolic risk (i.e., glucose and lipid levels) were all within the ranges of normality. We identified two clusters of individuals. Compared to cluster 2, individuals in cluster 1 had higher irisin levels, a metabolic profile shifted toward the limits of the reference ranges and lower esRAGE levels. The traditional metabolic blood tests seem not to be enough to identify a metabolic decline early. Irisin increase and esRAGE decrease may reflect a metabolic derangement at the beginning of its development. The role of these molecules as early biomarkers of decline of metabolic health seems an interesting topic to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39–02-5031–5342
| | - Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Residency Program in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano Benedini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
| | - Silvia Gorini
- Instrumentation Laboratory—A Werfen Company, R&D Department, Viale Monza 338, 20128 Milan, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Rampoldi
- Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza E. Malan, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (B.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberta Rigolini
- Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza E. Malan, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (B.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Lorenza Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza E. Malan, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (B.R.); (R.R.)
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17
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Bellmann J, Monette A, Tripathy V, Sójka A, Abo-Rady M, Janosh A, Bhatnagar R, Bickle M, Mouland AJ, Sterneckert J. Viral Infections Exacerbate FUS-ALS Phenotypes in iPSC-Derived Spinal Neurons in a Virus Species-Specific Manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:480. [PMID: 31695598 PMCID: PMC6817715 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) arises from an interplay of genetic mutations and environmental factors. ssRNA viruses are possible ALS risk factors, but testing their interaction with mutations such as in FUS, which encodes an RNA-binding protein, has been difficult due to the lack of a human disease model. Here, we use isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived spinal neurons (SNs) to investigate the interaction between ssRNA viruses and mutant FUS. We find that rabies virus (RABV) spreads ALS phenotypes, including the formation of stress granules (SGs) with aberrant composition due to increased levels of FUS protein, as well as neurodegeneration and reduced restriction activity by FUS mutations. Consistent with this, iPSC-derived SNs harboring mutant FUS are more sensitive to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and Zika viruses (ZIKV). We demonstrate that RABV and HIV-1 exacerbate cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUS. Our results demonstrate that viral infections worsen ALS pathology in SNs with genetic risk factors, suggesting a novel role for viruses in modulating patient phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bellmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vadreenath Tripathy
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Sójka
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masin Abo-Rady
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Janosh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marc Bickle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Yang M, Fan J, Sun W, Du J, Peng X. Mitochondria-Anchored Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensor for Visualizing Cysteine/Homocysteine in Living Cells and Daphnia magna Model. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12531-12537. [PMID: 31507158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) are essential for maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and play critical roles in pathological and physiological processes. The development of Cys/Hcy-specific responsive fluorescent probes that are independent of the surrounding environment, equipment, and abundant endogenous GSH is critical to accurately investigate the roles of Cys/Hcy in living biological systems. In this work, a novel ratiometric and mitochondria-anchored fluorescence chemosensor, PYR, was constructed on the basis of 4-methylphenol-substituted pyronin fluorophore. The probe exhibited ratiometric fluorescence emission (F540 nm/F620 nm) for the detection of Cys/Hcy with high selectivity, sensitivity (Cys, 22 nM; Hcy, 23 nM), rapid response (Cys, 5 min), and a merit enhancement of ratio fluorescent signal (Cys, 163-fold; Hcy, 125-fold). The probe showed excellent membrane permeability and was applied to visualize mitochondrial biothiols in living cells under H2O2-induced redox imbalance, kidney tissues with a penetration depth of 100 μm, and Daphnia magna model for the first time. The results demonstrate that PYR will provide a promising platform for the diagnosis of thiol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
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19
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Bantle CM, Phillips AT, Smeyne RJ, Rocha SM, Olson KE, Tjalkens RB. Infection with mosquito-borne alphavirus induces selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, neuroinflammation and widespread protein aggregation. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 5:20. [PMID: 31531390 PMCID: PMC6744428 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinvasive infections with mosquito-borne alphaviruses such as Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) can cause post-encephalitic parkinsonism. To understand the mechanisms underlying these neurological effects, we examined the capacity of WEEV to induce progressive neurodegeneration in outbred CD-1 mice following non-lethal encephalitic infection. Animals were experientally infected with recombinant WEEV expressing firefly luciferase or dsRed (RFP) reporters and the extent of viral replication was controlled using passive immunotherapy. WEEV spread along the neuronal axis from the olfactory bulb to the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and basal midbrain by 4 days post infection (DPI). Infection caused activation of microglia and astrocytes, selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and neurobehavioral abnormalities. After 8 weeks, surviving mice displayed continued loss of dopamine neurons in the SNpc, lingering glial cell activation and gene expression profiles consistent with a neurodegenerative phenotype. Strikingly, prominent proteinase K-resistant protein aggregates were present in the the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and basal midbrain that stained positively for phospho-serine129 α-synuclein (SNCA). These results indicate that WEEV may cause lasting neurological deficits through a severe neuroinflammatory response promoting both neuronal injury and protein aggregation in surviving individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin M Bantle
- 1Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Aaron T Phillips
- 1Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA.,2Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Richard J Smeyne
- 3Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Savannah M Rocha
- 2Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Ken E Olson
- 2Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- 1Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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20
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Zhang C, Liang W, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang T, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Feng H. γ-Oryzanol mitigates oxidative stress and prevents mutant SOD1-Related neurotoxicity in Drosophila and cell models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107777. [PMID: 31521619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in mutant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of motor neurons. Thus, an anti-oxidative stress remedy might be a promising means for the treatment of ALS. The aim of the present study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of γ-oryzanol (Orz) and elucidate its relevant molecular mechanisms in mutant hSOD1-linked Drosophila and cell models of ALS. Orz treatment provided neuroprotection in flies with expression of hSOD1-G85R in motor neurons, as demonstrated by the prolonged survival, improvement of motor deficits, reduced oxidative damage and regulated redox homeostasis when compared with those in controls. Moreover, Orz significantly decreased neuronal apoptosis and upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) antioxidant pathway via activating Akt in hSOD1-G93A-expressing NSC-34 cells. In addition, our results showed that both in vivo and in vitro, Akt served as an upstream regulator of signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) 3 stimulated by Orz, which further increased the level of another anti-oxidative stress factor heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). Altogether, these findings provide evidence that Orz has potential neuroprotective effects that may be beneficial in the treatment of ALS disease with SOD1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Yueqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Honglin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China.
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21
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Role of Glutathionylation in Infection and Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081952. [PMID: 31434242 PMCID: PMC6723385 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathionylation, that is, the formation of mixed disulfides between protein cysteines and glutathione (GSH) cysteines, is a reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by different cellular oxidoreductases, by which the redox state of the cell modulates protein function. So far, most studies on the identification of glutathionylated proteins have focused on cellular proteins, including proteins involved in host response to infection, but there is a growing number of reports showing that microbial proteins also undergo glutathionylation, with modification of their characteristics and functions. In the present review, we highlight the signaling role of GSH through glutathionylation, particularly focusing on microbial (viral and bacterial) glutathionylated proteins (GSSPs) and host GSSPs involved in the immune/inflammatory response to infection; moreover, we discuss the biological role of the process in microbial infections and related host responses.
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22
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Qin Q, Li Y. Herpesviral infections and antimicrobial protection for Alzheimer's disease: Implications for prevention and treatment. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1368-1377. [PMID: 30997676 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that infections by herpesviruses might be closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathological hallmarks of AD brains include senile plaques induced by amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the extracellular space and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of phosphorylated tau protein. The prevailing hypothesis for the mechanism of AD is amyloid cascade reaction. Recent studies revealed that infections by herpesviruses induce the similar pathological hallmarks of AD, including Aβ production, phosphorylation of tau (P-tau), oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, etc. Aβ peptide is regarded as one of the antimicrobial peptides, which inhibits HSV-1 replication. In the elderly, reactivation of herpesviruses might act as an initiator for amyloid cascade reaction in vulnerable individuals, triggering the neurofibrillary formation of phosphorylated tau and inducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which can further contribute to the accumulation of Aβ and P-tau by impairing mitochondria and autophagosome. Epidemiological studies have shown AD susceptibility genes, such as APOE-ε4 allele, are highly linked to infections by herpesviruses. Interestingly, anti-herpesviral therapy significantly reduced the risk of AD in a large population study. Given that herpesviruses are arguably the most prevalent opportunistic pathogens and often reactivate in the elderly, it is reasonable to argue reactivation of herpesviruses might be major culprits for initiating AD in individuals carrying AD susceptibility genes. In this review, we summarize epidemiological and molecular evidence that support for a hypothesis of herpesviral infections and antimicrobial protection in the development of AD, and discuss the implications for future prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Zur Hausen H, Bund T, de Villiers EM. Infectious Agents in Bovine Red Meat and Milk and Their Potential Role in Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 407:83-116. [PMID: 28349283 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Red meat and dairy products have frequently been suggested to represent risk factors for certain cancers, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. This review summarizes the evidence and investigates the possible involvement of infectious factors in these diseases. The isolation of small circular single-stranded DNA molecules from serum and dairy products of Eurasian Aurochs (Bos taurus)-derived cattle, obviously persisting as episomes in infected cells, provides the basis for further investigations. Gene expression of these agents in human cells has been demonstrated, and frequent infection of humans is implicated by the detection of antibodies in a high percentage of healthy individuals. Epidemiological observations suggest their relationship to the development multiple sclerosis, to heterophile antibodies, and to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) containing cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Zur Hausen
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Timo Bund
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Kruk J, Aboul-Enein HY, Kładna A, Bowser JE. Oxidative stress in biological systems and its relation with pathophysiological functions: the effect of physical activity on cellular redox homeostasis. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:497-521. [PMID: 31039624 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1612059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The body of evidence from the past three decades demonstrates that oxidative stress can be involved in several diseases. This study aims to summarise the current state of knowledge on the association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of some characteristic to the biological systems diseases and aging process. This review also presents the effect of physical activity on redox homeostasis. There is strong evidence from studies for participation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases based on animal models and human studies. Elevated levels of pro-oxidants and various markers of the oxidative stress and cells and tissues damage linked with pathogenesis of cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, reproductive system diseases, and aging were reported. Evidence confirmed that inflammation contributes widely to multiple chronic diseases and is closely linked with oxidative stress. Regular moderate physical activity regulates oxidative stress enhancing cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms, whereas acute exercise not preceded by training can alter cellular redox homeostasis towards higher level of oxidative stress. Future studies are needed to clarify the multifaceted effects of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species on cells and tissues and to continue study on the biochemical roles of antioxidants and physical activity in prevention of oxidative stress-related tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- a Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion , University of Szczecin , Cukrowa 12 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- b Department of National Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research , National Research Centre , Dokki , Egypt
| | - Aleksandra Kładna
- c Faculty of Medicine, Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Jacquelyn E Bowser
- d John Hazen White College of Arts & Sciences , Johnson & Wales University , Providence , USA
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25
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Dong B, Lu Y, Zhang N, Song W, Lin W. Ratiometric Imaging of Cysteine Level Changes in Endoplasmic Reticulum during H2O2-Induced Redox Imbalance. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5513-5516. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Lu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Limongi D, Baldelli S, Checconi P, Marcocci ME, De Chiara G, Fraternale A, Magnani M, Ciriolo MR, Palamara AT. GSH-C4 Acts as Anti-inflammatory Drug in Different Models of Canonical and Cell Autonomous Inflammation Through NFκB Inhibition. Front Immunol 2019; 10:155. [PMID: 30787932 PMCID: PMC6372722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in GSH/GSSG ratio represents a triggering event in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which GSH regulates macrophage and cell autonomous inflammation remains not deeply understood. Here, we investigated the effects of a derivative of GSH, the N-butanoyl glutathione (GSH-C4), a cell permeable compound, on lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, and human macrophages. LPS alone induces a significant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and a significant decrement of GSH content. Such events were significantly abrogated by treatment with GSH-C4. Moreover, GSH-C4 was highly efficient in buffering cell autonomous inflammatory status of aged C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that inflammation was paralleled by a strong induction of the phosphorylated form of NFκB, which translocates into the nucleus; a process that was also efficiently inhibited by the treatment with GSH-C4. Overall, the evidence suggests that GSH decrement is required for efficient activation of an inflammatory condition and, at the same time, GSH-C4 can be envisaged as a good candidate to abrogate such process, expanding the anti-inflammatory role of this molecule in chronic inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Chiara
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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27
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Shi YZ, Liu YC, Zheng YF, Chen YF, Si JJ, Chen ML, Shou QY, Zheng HQ, Hu FL. Ethanol Extract of Chinese Propolis Attenuates Early Diabetic Retinopathy by Protecting the Blood-Retinal Barrier in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Food Sci 2019; 84:358-369. [PMID: 30672592 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Propolis has been shown to reduce the level of blood glucose and suppress the histopathological changes in diabetics. However, it still remains unknown if propolis has a similar effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Chinese propolis (EECP) on early DR in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. EECP was given to diabetic rats by oral intubation for 12 weeks. The concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were measured. Pathological examinations, including hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence, were also conducted to provide further evidence of EECP's effect on early DR. EECP was able to attenuate diabetes via directly decreasing the levels of FBG and HbA1c, which also resulted in the reduction of MDA, ROS, and RNS. Furthermore, EECP could protect against the damages of photoreceptor cells, as well as retinal thickening. And the inhibition of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) leakage was also observed in EECP-treated diabetic rats, along with the inhibition the loss of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1). These results suggest that EECP has an ameliorating effect on early DR by inhibition of blood-retinal barrier breakdown. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study sheds light on the protective effect of the ethanol extract of Chinese propolis on early diabetic retinopathy and the molecular actions underlying the inhibition of blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Our study suggests that ethanol extract of Chinese propolis can be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of early diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Si
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Li Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yang Shou
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Huo-Qing Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Liang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China
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28
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Pohl SÖG, Agostino M, Dharmarajan A, Pervaiz S. Cross Talk Between Cellular Redox State and the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1215-1236. [PMID: 29304561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was discovered over three decades ago and is the prototype antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that comprises proteins with contrasting effects on cell fate. First identified as a consequence of chromosomal translocation (t 14:18) in human lymphoma, subsequent studies have revealed mutations and/or gene copy number alterations as well as post-translational modifications of Bcl-2 in a variety of human cancers. The canonical function of Bcl-2 is linked to its ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, thereby regulating apoptosome assembly and activation by blocking the cytosolic translocation of death amplification factors. Of note, the identification of specific domains within the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Bcl-2 homology domains; BH domains) has not only provided a mechanistic insight into the various interactions between the member proteins but has also been the impetus behind the design and development of small molecule inhibitors and BH3 mimetics for clinical use. Recent Advances: Aside from its role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, recent evidence provides testimony to a novel facet in the biology of Bcl-2 that involves an intricate cross talk with cellular redox state. Bcl-2 overexpression modulates mitochondrial redox metabolism to create a "pro-oxidant" milieu, conducive for cell survival. However, under states of oxidative stress, overexpression of Bcl-2 functions as a redox sink to prevent excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting execution signals. Emerging evidence indicates various redox-dependent transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications with different functional outcomes. CRITICAL ISSUES Understanding the complex interplay between Bcl-2 and the cellular redox milieu from the standpoint of cell fate signaling remains vital for a better understanding of pathological states associated with altered redox metabolism and/or aberrant Bcl-2 expression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on its canonical functions, Bcl-2 has emerged as a potential druggable target. Small molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 and/or other family members with similar function, as well as BH3 mimetics, are showing promise in the clinic. The emerging evidence for the noncanonical activity linked to cellular redox metabolism provides a novel avenue for the design and development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancers refractory to conventional chemotherapy by the overexpression of this prosurvival protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,3 Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,6 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Zhang J, Huang P, Wu C, Liang H, Li Y, Zhu L, Lu Y, Tang C, Xu R. Preliminary Observation about Alteration of Proteins and Their Potential Functions in Spinal Cord of SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1306-1320. [PMID: 30123078 PMCID: PMC6097476 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein abnormality participates in the development of ALS that meets with the widespread approval from major researchers. However, these currently found abnormal proteins aren't far enough to explain all pathogenesis of ALS. Therefore, the search of novel abnormal proteins participated in the pathogenesis of ALS is very necessary. In this study, we screened, compared and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins in the spinal cord of the SOD1 G93A transgenic and wild-type (WT) mice applying the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and the bioinformatics methods. The results revealed the details of significantly differentially expressed proteins between the SOD1 G93A transgenic and WT mice, and the damaged and/or regulated cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes and the significant enrichment pathways of these proteins. Our study comprehensively described the details of the possible abnormal proteins participated in the pathogenesis of SOD1 G93A transgenic mice, extensively explored their possible molecular mechanisms how to play the role in the development in this animal model, and provided some evidences and clues for further and deeply studying the relationship between the abnormal proteins and the pathogenesis of ALS in the other animal models and ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengsi Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiting Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Health Statistics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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30
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Portaro S, Brizzi T, Naro A, Conti Nibali V, Morabito R, Bramanti A, Calabrò RS. Acute onset of bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after flu - look at the differential diagnosis: A case report. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2933-2937. [PMID: 29806531 PMCID: PMC6124252 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517735936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurones. It can be either familial (fALS) or sporadic (sALS). ALS is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy that can involve the limbs and trunk (i.e. the spinal form of the disease) or speech and swallowing (i.e. the bulbar form). The aetiology of sALS remains unclear although a gene-environment interaction has been proposed as a concomitant trigger for the neurodegenerative process together with viral infections, smoking, heavy metals and pesticide exposure. Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old woman who experienced an acute onset of bulbar ALS with an atypical clinical course that was probably triggered by a bout of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Portaro
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Brizzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Naro
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti Nibali
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Morabito
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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31
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Castanedo-Vazquez D, Bosque-Varela P, Sainz-Pelayo A, Riancho J. Infectious agents and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: another piece of the puzzle of motor neuron degeneration. J Neurol 2018; 266:27-36. [PMID: 29845377 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons (MN). This fatal disease is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and lacks an effective treatment. ALS pathogenesis has not been elucidated yet. In a small proportion of ALS patients, the disease has a familial origin, related to mutations in specific genes, which directly result in MN degeneration. By contrast, the vast majority of cases are though to be sporadic, in which genes and environment interact leading to disease in genetically predisposed individuals. Lately, the role of the environment has gained relevance in this field and an extensive list of environmental conditions have been postulated to be involved in ALS. Among them, infectious agents, particularly viruses, have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. These agents could act by interacting with some crucial pathways in MN degeneration, such as gene processing, oxidative stress or neuroinflammation. In this article, we will review the main studies about the involvement of microorganisms in ALS, subsequently discussing their potential pathogenic effect and integrating them as another piece in the puzzle of ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Bosque-Varela
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Torrelavega, Spain. .,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Xiang C, Teng Y, Yao C, Li X, Cao M, Li X, Pan G, Lu K, Galons H, Yu P. Antioxidant properties of flavonoid derivatives and their hepatoprotective effects on CCl 4 induced acute liver injury in mice. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15366-15371. [PMID: 35539467 PMCID: PMC9080091 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of free radicals in the body can cause liver damage, aging, cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Anastatin B, a skeletal flavonoid, was reported to have antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Anastatin B derivatives, compound 1 and 2, were synthesized by our group previously. In this study, their antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective mechanism were studied using chemical evaluation methods, a cellular model of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage, and a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Results from the chemical evaluation suggested that both compounds had good antioxidant power and radical scavenging ability in vitro. MTT assay showed that both compounds had cytoprotective activity in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. Moreover, their hepatoprotective activities evaluated using a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver injury that compared with the model group, pretreatment with compound 1 and 2 significantly decreased alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; reduced the liver tissue damage; and increased glutathione content. However, compound 2 was a more effective hepatoprotectant than compound 1 was. Finally, the amount of TNF-α and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) were significantly downregulated in compound 1 and 2 pretreatment groups. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that both compounds have potential antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect in vitro and in vivo. Further chemo-biological study and investigation of the compounds' enzymatic targets are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Xiang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Chaoran Yao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Xuehui Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Menglin Cao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Xuzhe Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Guojun Pan
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hervé Galons
- UCTBS, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 France
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
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33
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Wang TH, Wang SY, Wang XD, Jiang HQ, Yang YQ, Wang Y, Cheng JL, Zhang CT, Liang WW, Feng HL. Fisetin Exerts Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects in Multiple Mutant hSOD1 Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Activating ERK. Neuroscience 2018; 379:152-166. [PMID: 29559385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress exhibits a central role in the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease commonly found to include a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene mutation. Fisetin, a natural antioxidant, has shown benefits in varied neurodegenerative diseases. The possible effect of fisetin in ALS has not been clarified as of yet. We investigated whether fisetin affected mutant hSOD1 ALS models. Three different hSOD1-related mutant models were used: Drosophila expressing mutant hSOD1G85R, hSOD1G93A NSC34 cells, and transgenic mice. Fisetin treatment provided neuroprotection as demonstrated by an improved survival rate, attenuated motor impairment, reduced ROS damage and regulated redox homeostasis compared with those in controls. Furthermore, fisetin increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK and upregulated antioxidant factors, which were reversed by MEK/ERK inhibition. Finally, fisetin reduced the levels of both mutant and wild-type hSOD1 in vivo and in vitro, as well as the levels of detergent-insoluble hSOD1 proteins. The results indicate that fisetin protects cells from ROS damage and improves the pathological behaviors caused by oxidative stress in disease models related to SOD1 gene mutations probably by activating ERK, thereby providing a potential treatment for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - S Y Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - X D Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - H Q Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Y Q Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - J L Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - C T Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - W W Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - H L Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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34
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Xue YC, Feuer R, Cashman N, Luo H. Enteroviral Infection: The Forgotten Link to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:63. [PMID: 29593492 PMCID: PMC5857577 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that primarily attacks motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive paralysis and ultimately death. Currently there is no effective therapy. The majority of ALS cases are sporadic, with no known family history; unfortunately the etiology remains largely unknown. Contribution of Enteroviruses (EVs), a family of positive-stranded RNA viruses including poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus-A71 and enterovirus-D68, to the development of ALS has been suspected as they can target motor neurons, and patients with prior poliomyelitis show a higher risk of motor neuron disease. Multiple efforts have been made to detect enteroviral genome in ALS patient tissues over the past two decades; however the clinical data are controversial and a causal relationship has not yet been established. Recent evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggests that enterovirus-induced pathology remarkably resembles the cellular and molecular phenotype of ALS, indicating a possible link between enteroviral infection and ALS pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the nature of enteroviral infection, including route of infection, cells targeted, and viral persistence within the central nervous system (CNS). We review the molecular mechanisms underlying viral infection and highlight the similarity between viral pathogenesis and the molecular and pathological features of ALS, and finally, discuss the potential role of enteroviral infection in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a disease that shares common clinical, genetic, and pathological features with ALS, and the significance of anti-viral therapy as an option for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chao Xue
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ralph Feuer
- The Integrated Regenerative Research Institute at San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Neil Cashman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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35
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Harris SA, Harris EA. Molecular Mechanisms for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:48. [PMID: 29559905 PMCID: PMC5845560 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on research in the areas of epidemiology, neuropathology, molecular biology and genetics that implicates herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a causative agent in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Molecular mechanisms whereby HSV-1 induces AD-related pathophysiology and pathology, including neuronal production and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, and impaired autophagy, are discussed. HSV-1 causes additional AD pathologies through mechanisms that promote neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. The AD susceptibility genes apolipoprotein E (APOE), phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), complement receptor 1 (CR1) and clusterin (CLU) are involved in the HSV lifecycle. Polymorphisms in these genes may affect brain susceptibility to HSV-1 infection. APOE, for example, influences susceptibility to certain viral infections, HSV-1 viral load in the brain, and the innate immune response. The AD susceptibility gene cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is upregulated in the AD brain and is involved in the antiviral immune response. HSV-1 interacts with additional genes to affect cognition-related pathways and key enzymes involved in Aβ production, Aβ clearance, and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. Aβ itself functions as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) against various pathogens including HSV-1. Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that Aβ is produced as an AMP in response to HSV-1 and other brain infections, leading to Aβ deposition and plaque formation in AD. Epidemiologic studies associating HSV-1 infection with AD and cognitive impairment are discussed. Studies are reviewed supporting subclinical chronic reactivation of latent HSV-1 in the brain as significant in the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, the rationale for and importance of clinical trials treating HSV-1-infected MCI and AD patients with antiviral medication is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Harris
- St. Vincent Medical Group, Northside Internal Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Harris
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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36
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Pan Y, Xu J, Chen C, Chen F, Jin P, Zhu K, Hu CW, You M, Chen M, Hu F. Royal Jelly Reduces Cholesterol Levels, Ameliorates Aβ Pathology and Enhances Neuronal Metabolic Activities in a Rabbit Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:50. [PMID: 29556189 PMCID: PMC5845009 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and neuronal loss. One of the risk factors for AD is high cholesterol levels, which are known to promote Aβ deposition. Previous studies have shown that royal jelly (RJ), a product of worker bees, has potential neuroprotective effects and can attenuate Aβ toxicity. However, little is known about how RJ regulates Aβ formation and its effects on cholesterol levels and neuronal metabolic activities. Here, we investigated whether RJ can reduce cholesterol levels, regulate Aβ levels and enhance neuronal metabolic activities in an AD rabbit model induced by 2% cholesterol diet plus copper drinking water. Our results suggest that RJ significantly reduced the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased the level of Aβ in rabbit brains. RJ was also shown to markedly ameliorate amyloid deposition in AD rabbits from Aβ immunohistochemistry and thioflavin-T staining. Furthermore, our study suggests that RJ can reduce the expression levels of β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and increase the expression levels of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). In addition, we found that RJ remarkably increased the number of neurons, enhanced antioxidant capacities, inhibited activated-capase-3 protein expression, and enhanced neuronal metabolic activities by increasing N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and glutamate and by reducing choline and myo-inositol in AD rabbits. Taken together, our data demonstrated that RJ could reduce cholesterol levels, regulate Aβ levels and enhance neuronal metabolic activities in AD rabbits, providing preclinical evidence that RJ treatment has the potential to protect neurons and prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Pan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyan Zhu
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyue W Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mengmeng You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minli Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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37
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Dominiak A, Wilkaniec A, Jęśko H, Czapski GA, Lenkiewicz AM, Kurek E, Wroczyński P, Adamczyk A. Selol, an organic selenium donor, prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in the rat brain. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Choi JY, Hwang CJ, Lee HP, Kim HS, Han SB, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Nannochloropsis oceanica on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloidogenesis and memory impairment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:45517-45530. [PMID: 28489589 PMCID: PMC5542205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the suppressive possibility of ethanol extract of Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) on memory deficiency along with the fundamental mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice model. Among several extracts of 32 marine microalgae, ethanol extract of N. oceanica showed the most significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) generation, NF-κB activity and β-secretase activity in cultured BV-2 cells, neuronal cells and Raw 264.7 cells. Ethanol extract of N. oceanica (50, 100 mg/kg) also ameliorated LPS (250 μg/kg)-induced memory impairment. We also found that ethanol extract of N. oceanica inhibited the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) level as well as glutathione (GSH) level was also decreased by treatment of ethanol extract of N.oceanica. The ethanol extract of N. oceanica also suppresses IκB degradation as well as p50 and p65 translocation into the nucleus in LPS-treated mice brain. Associated with the inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, ethanol extract of N. oceanica suppressed Aβ1-42 generation through down-regulation of APP and BACE1 expression in in vivo. These results suggest that ethanol extract of N. oceanica ameliorated memory impairment via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-amyloidogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sik Kim
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseoung, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
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39
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Byun K, Yoo Y, Son M, Lee J, Jeong GB, Park YM, Salekdeh GH, Lee B. Advanced glycation end-products produced systemically and by macrophages: A common contributor to inflammation and degenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:44-55. [PMID: 28223234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor have been implicated in the progressions of many intractable diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, and are also critical for pathologic changes in chronic degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and alcoholic brain damage. Recently activated macrophages were found to be a source of AGEs, and the most abundant form of AGEs, AGE-albumin excreted by macrophages has been implicated in these diseases and to act through common pathways. AGEs inhibition has been shown to prevent the pathogenesis of AGEs-related diseases in human, and therapeutic advances have resulted in several agents that prevent their adverse effects. Recently, anti-inflammatory molecules that inhibit AGEs have been shown to be good candidates for ameliorating diabetic complications as well as degenerative diseases. This review was undertaken to present, discuss, and clarify current understanding regarding AGEs formation in association with macrophages, different diseases, therapeutic and diagnostic strategy and links with RAGE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Byun
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - YongCheol Yoo
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Lee
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo-Bo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mok Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bonghee Lee
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Moos WH, Pinkert CA, Irwin MH, Faller DV, Kodukula K, Glavas IP, Steliou K. Epigenetic Treatment of Persistent Viral Infections. Drug Dev Res 2016; 78:24-36. [PMID: 27761936 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Approximately 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates used the word herpes as a medical term to describe lesions that appeared to creep or crawl on the skin, advocating heat as a possible treatment. During the last 50 years, pharmaceutical research has made great strides, and therapeutic options have expanded to include small molecule antiviral agents, protease inhibitors, preventive vaccines for a handful of the papillomaviruses, and even cures for hepatitis C virus infections. However, effective treatments for persistent and recurrent viral infections, particularly the highly prevalent herpesviruses, continue to represent a significant unmet medical need, affecting the majority of the world's population. Exploring the population diversity of the human microbiome and the effects its compositional variances have on the immune system, health, and disease are the subjects of intense investigational research and study. Among the collection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-cell eukaryotes that comprise the human microbiome, the virome has been grossly understudied relative to the influence it exerts on human pathophysiology, much as mitochondria have until recently failed to receive the attention they deserve, given their critical biomedical importance. Fortunately, cellular epigenetic machinery offers a wealth of druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous disease indications, including those outlined above. With advances in synthetic biology, engineering our body's commensal microorganisms to seek out and destroy pathogenic species is clearly on the horizon. This is especially the case given recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation with tools such as the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) gene-editing platforms. Tying these concepts together with our previous work on the microbiome and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, we suggest that, because mammalian cells respond to a viral infection by triggering a cascade of antiviral innate immune responses governed substantially by the cell's mitochondria, small molecule carnitinoids represent a new class of therapeutics with potential widespread utility against many infectious insults. Drug Dev Res 78 : 24-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,PhenoMatriX, Boston, Massachusetts
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