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Yu S, Wu J, Sun Y, Lyu J. Advances in acupuncture treatment for tinnitus. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104215. [PMID: 38218028 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus is the abnormal perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic stimulus, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life, physical and mental health, and the safety of life. There is almost no effective cure for tinnitus, primarily due to its complicated etiopathogenesis and unclear mechanisms. As a major and ancient physical therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine, acupuncture has been widely used in tinnitus because of its simple operation, rapid effect, and low cost. This paper reviews the relevant literature on the treatment of different kinds of tinnitus by acupuncture, and summarizes the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture on tinnitus, which is expected to provide new ideas and research directions for the study of tinnitus treatment by acupuncture. Tinnitus is the abnormal perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic stimulus, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life, physical and mental health, and the safety of life. There is almost no effective cure for tinnitus, primarily due to its complicated etiopathogenesis and unclear mechanisms. As a major and ancient physical therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine, acupuncture has been widely used in tinnitus because of its simple operation, rapid effect, and low cost. This paper reviews the relevant literature on the treatment of different kinds of tinnitus by acupuncture, and summarizes the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture on tinnitus, which is expected to provide new ideas and research directions for the study of tinnitus treatment by acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shencun Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Jingfen Wu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China
| | - Yize Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China.
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Wang Y, Zeng P, Gu Z, Liu H, Han S, Liu X, Huang X, Shao L, Tao Y. Objective Neurophysiological Indices for the Assessment of Chronic Tinnitus Based on EEG Microstate Parameters. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:983-993. [PMID: 38376977 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3367982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic tinnitus is highly prevalent but lacks precise diagnostic or effective therapeutic standards. Its onset and treatment mechanisms remain unclear, and there is a shortage of objective assessment methods. We aim to identify abnormal neural activity and reorganization in tinnitus patients and reveal potential neurophysiological markers for objectively evaluating tinnitus. By way of analyzing EEG microstates, comparing metrics under three resting states (OE, CE, and OECEm) between tinnitus sufferers and controls, and correlating them with tinnitus symptoms. This study reflected specific changes in the EEG microstates of tinnitus patients across multiple resting states, as well as inconsistent correlations with tinnitus symptoms. Microstate parameters were significantly different when patients were in OE and CE states. Specifically, the occurrence of Microstate A and the transition probabilities (TP) from other Microstates to A increased significantly, particularly in the CE state (32-37%, p ≤ 0.05 ); and both correlated positively with the tinnitus intensity. Nevertheless, under the OECEm state, increases were mainly observed in the duration, coverage, and occurrence of Microstate B (15-47%, ), which negatively correlated with intensity ( [Formula: see text]-0.513, ). Additionally, TPx between Microstates C and D were significantly reduced and positively correlated with HDAS levels ( [Formula: see text] 0.548, ). Furthermore, parameters of Microstate D also correlated with THI grades ( [Formula: see text]-0.576, ). The findings of this study could offer compelling evidence for central neural reorganization associated with chronic tinnitus. EEG microstate parameters that correlate with tinnitus symptoms could serve as neurophysiological markers, contributing to future research on the objective assessment of tinnitus.
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Hu H, Lin X, Ye Z, Fang L, Gao H, Zhang Q. Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in tinnitus research: contemporary insights and perspectives. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1334660. [PMID: 38371699 PMCID: PMC10870148 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1334660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus, characterized by phantom sound perception, is a highly disruptive condition lacking clearly effective treatments. Its complex neural mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising neuroimaging tool well-suited for assessing tinnitus due to its quietness, portability, and ability to directly measure cortical hemodynamic responses. This study timely summarizes the recent applications of fNIRS in investigating tinnitus pathology, correlating neuroimaging biomarkers with symptom severity, and evaluating treatment efficacy. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to reproduce existing findings. Thus, fNIRS appears to be a promising tool in tinnitus research. Addressing technical limitations, optimizing control groups, advancing data analysis, integrating standardized, and individualized experimental protocols can facilitate the extended and robust utilization of fNIRS in tinnitus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantong Hu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianqiang Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanai Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Wertz J, Rüttiger L, Bender B, Klose U, Stark RS, Dapper K, Saemisch J, Braun C, Singer W, Dalhoff E, Bader K, Wolpert SM, Knipper M, Munk MHJ. Differential cortical activation patterns: pioneering sub-classification of tinnitus with and without hyperacusis by combining audiometry, gamma oscillations, and hemodynamics. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1232446. [PMID: 38239827 PMCID: PMC10794389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing controversies about the neural basis of tinnitus, whether linked with central neural gain or not, may hamper efforts to develop therapies. We asked to what extent measurable audiometric characteristics of tinnitus without (T) or with co-occurrence of hyperacusis (TH) are distinguishable on the level of cortical responses. To accomplish this, electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were measured while patients performed an attentionally demanding auditory discrimination task using stimuli within the individual tinnitus frequency (fTin) and a reference frequency (fRef). Resting-state-fMRI-based functional connectivity (rs-fMRI-bfc) in ascending auditory nuclei (AAN), the primary auditory cortex (AC-I), and four other regions relevant for directing attention or regulating distress in temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortex was compiled and compared to EEG and concurrent fNIRS activity in the same brain areas. We observed no group differences in pure-tone audiometry (PTA) between 10 and 16 kHz. However, the PTA threshold around the tinnitus pitch was positively correlated with the self-rated tinnitus loudness and also correlated with distress in T-groups, while TH experienced their tinnitus loudness at minimal loudness levels already with maximal suffering scores. The T-group exhibited prolonged auditory brain stem (ABR) wave I latency and reduced ABR wave V amplitudes (indicating reduced neural synchrony in the brainstem), which were associated with lower rs-fMRI-bfc between AAN and the AC-I, as observed in previous studies. In T-subjects, these features were linked with elevated spontaneous and reduced evoked gamma oscillations and with reduced deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations in response to stimulation with lower frequencies in temporal cortex (Brodmann area (BA) 41, 42, 22), implying less synchronous auditory responses during active auditory discrimination of reference frequencies. In contrast, in the TH-group gamma oscillations and hemodynamic responses in temporoparietal regions were reversed during active discrimination of tinnitus frequencies. Our findings suggest that T and TH differ in auditory discrimination and memory-dependent directed attention during active discrimination at either tinnitus or reference frequencies, offering a test paradigm that may allow for more precise sub-classification of tinnitus and future improved treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wertz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Klose
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert S. Stark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Dapper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg Saemisch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ernst Dalhoff
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bader
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Wolpert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Hu H, Lin X, Fang L, Li Y, Gao H. Evaluating the Efficacy and Underlying Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Res 2023; 16:3367-3378. [PMID: 37814607 PMCID: PMC10560467 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s433048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic subjective tinnitus and explore the central mechanism underlying acupuncture for chronic subjective tinnitus using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods We will randomly assign 60 tinnitus patients to either an acupuncture group or a waiting-list control group. The acupuncture group will undergo 12 treatment sessions over 4 weeks, whereas the waiting-list control group will receive no intervention concurrently. Clinical outcome measures include the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score, tinnitus loudness assessed by 11-point NRS, average pure-tone threshold, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) score. Neuroimaging outcomes assessed by fNIRS included blood oxygen concentration and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). All outcome measurements will be assessed at the baseline, after 4-week treatment, and at 3-month follow-ups. Results Our investigation will determine if significant differences exist between the two groups regarding THI, NRS, average pure-tone threshold, and HAM-A scores. Moreover, the analysis will reveal whether the acupuncture group demonstrates significant change in blood oxygen concentration and RSFC between specific brain regions compared to the waiting-list control group. Conclusion With the novel technique of fNIRS, in addition to efficacy evaluation of acupuncture, this study's findings are anticipated to partly elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture treatment for subjective tinnitus and offer an objective assessment method for its therapeutic impact, thereby contributing to filling the research gap. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials registry (identification code NCT05829278).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantong Hu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
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McLinden J, Borgheai B, Hosni S, Kumar C, Rahimi N, Shao M, Spencer KM, Shahriari Y. Individual-Specific Characterization of Event-Related Hemodynamic Responses during an Auditory Task: An Exploratory Study. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114074. [PMID: 36028001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been established as an informative modality for understanding the hemodynamic-metabolic correlates of cortical auditory processing. To date, such knowledge has shown broad clinical applications in the diagnosis, treatment, and intervention procedures in disorders affecting auditory processing; however, exploration of the hemodynamic response to auditory tasks is yet incomplete. This holds particularly true in the context of auditory event-related fNIRS experiments, where preliminary work has shown the presence of valid responses while leaving the need for more comprehensive explorations of the hemodynamic correlates of event-related auditory processing. In this study, we apply an individual-specific approach to characterize fNIRS-based hemodynamic changes during an auditory task in healthy adults. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration change time courses were acquired from eight participants. Independent component analysis (ICA) was then applied to isolate individual-specific class discriminative spatial filters, which were then applied to HbO2 time courses to extract auditory-related hemodynamic features. While six of eight participants produced significant class discriminative features before ICA-based spatial filtering, the proposed method identified significant auditory hemodynamic features in all participants. Furthermore, ICA-based filtering improved correlation between trial labels and extracted features in every participant. For the first time, this study demonstrates hemodynamic features important in experiments exploring auditory processing as well as the utility of individual-specific ICA-based spatial filtering in fNIRS-based feature extraction techniques in auditory experiments. These outcomes provide insights for future studies exploring auditory hemodynamic characteristics and may eventually provide a baseline framework for better understanding auditory response dysfunctions in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McLinden
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - B Borgheai
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - S Hosni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - C Kumar
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, MA
| | - N Rahimi
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, MA
| | - M Shao
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, MA
| | - K M Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Shahriari
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
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Adaptation of stimulation duration to enhance auditory response in fNIRS block design. Hear Res 2022; 424:108593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Huang B, Wang X, Wei F, Sun Q, Sun J, Liang Y, Chen H, Zhuang H, Xiong G. Notched Sound Alleviates Tinnitus by Reorganization Emotional Center. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:762492. [PMID: 35153700 PMCID: PMC8832119 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.762492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTinnitus is a common disease, and sound therapy is an effective method to alleviate it. Previous studies have shown that notched sound not only changes levels of cortical blood oxygen, but affects blood oxygen in specific cerebral cortical areas, such as Brodmann area 46 (BA46), which is associated with emotion. Extensive evidence has confirmed that tinnitus is closely related to emotion. Whether notched sound plays a role in regulating the emotional center is still unclear.MethodsThis study included 29 patients with newly diagnosed chronic tinnitus who were treated with notched sound. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was conducted before and after treatment to observe bilateral changes in cortical blood oxygen in the cerebral hemispheres. We compared the changes in connectivity between the two regions of interest (the superior temporal gyrus and BA46), as wells as other cortical regions before and after treatment.ResultsThe results showed (1) That global connectivity between the bilateral auditory cortex of the superior temporal sulcus and the ipsilateral cortex did not change significantly between baseline and the completion of treatment, and (2) That the connectivity between channel 14 and the right superior temporal sulcus decreased after treatment. The overall connectivity between the right BA46 region and the right cortex decreased after treatment, and decreases in connectivity after treatment were specifically found for channels 10 and 14 in the right parietal lobe and channels 16, 20, 21, and 22 in the frontal lobe, while there was no significant change on the left side. There were no significant changes in the questionnaire measures of tinnitus, anxiety, or depression before and after treatment.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that cerebral cortex reorganization occurs in tinnitus patients after submitted to treatment with notched sound for 1 month, and that notched sound decreases the connectivity between the auditory cortex and specific brain regions.SignificanceNotched sound not only regulates the auditory center through lateral inhibition, but also alleviates tinnitus by reorganizing the emotional control center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixue Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianren Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianren Wang,
| | - Fanqing Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyang Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincangjian Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zhuang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanxia Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanxia Xiong,
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Mohammad PPS, Isarangura S, Eddins A, Parthasarathy AB. Comparison of functional activation responses from the auditory cortex derived using multi-distance frequency domain and continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:045004. [PMID: 34926716 PMCID: PMC8673635 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.4.045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Quantitative measurements of cerebral hemodynamic changes due to functional activation are widely accomplished with commercial continuous wave (CW-NIRS) instruments despite the availability of the more rigorous multi-distance frequency domain (FD-NIRS) approach. A direct comparison of the two approaches to functional near-infrared spectroscopy can help in the interpretation of optical data and guide implementations of diffuse optical instruments for measuring functional activation. Aim: We explore the differences between CW-NIRS and multi-distance FD-NIRS by comparing measurements of functional activation in the human auditory cortex. Approach: Functional activation of the human auditory cortex was measured using a commercial frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy instrument for 70 dB sound pressure level broadband noise and pure tone (1000 Hz) stimuli. Changes in tissue oxygenation were calculated using the modified Beer-Lambert law (CW-NIRS approach) and the photon diffusion equation (FD-NIRS approach). Results: Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin measured with the multi-distance FD-NIRS approach were about twice as large as those measured with the CW-NIRS approach. A finite-element simulation of the functional activation problem was performed to demonstrate that tissue oxygenation changes measured with the CW-NIRS approach is more accurate than that with multi-distance FD-NIRS. Conclusions: Multi-distance FD-NIRS approaches tend to overestimate functional activation effects, in part due to partial volume effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sittiprapa Isarangura
- University of South Florida, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ann Eddins
- University of South Florida, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ashwin B. Parthasarathy
- University of South Florida, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampa, Florida, United States
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San Juan JD, Zhai T, Ash-Rafzadeh A, Hu XS, Kim J, Filipak C, Guo K, Islam MN, Kovelman I, Basura GJ. Tinnitus and auditory cortex: using adapted functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure resting-state functional connectivity. Neuroreport 2021; 32:66-75. [PMID: 33252478 PMCID: PMC7717476 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tinnitus, phantom sound perception, arises from aberrant brain activity within auditory cortex. In tinnitus animal models, auditory cortex neurons show increased spontaneous firing and neural synchrony. In humans, similar hyperactivation in auditory cortex has been displayed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) or increased connectivity between brain regions has also been shown in tinnitus using fNIRS. However, current fNIRS technology utilizes infrared (IR)-sources and IR-detectors placed on the scalp that restricts (~3 cm depth IR penetration) signal capture to outer cerebral cortex due to skin and skull bone. To overcome this limitation, in this proof of concept study, we adapted fNIRS probes to fit in the external auditory canal (EAC) to physically place IR-probes deeper within the skull thereby extracting neural signals from deeper auditory cortex. METHODS Twenty adults with tinnitus and 20 nontinnitus controls listened to periods of silence and broadband noise before and after 5 min of silence to calculate RSFC. Concurrent scalp probes over auditory cortex and an adapted probe placed in the right EAC were utilized. RESULTS For standard probes, left and right auditory cortex in tinnitus showed increased RSFC to each other and to other nonauditory cortices. Interestingly, adapted fNIRS probes showed trends toward increased RSFC. CONCLUSION While many areas for the adapted probes did not reach significance, these data using a highly innovative and newly created probe adapting fNIRS technology to the EAC substantiates our previously published data in human tinnitus and concurrently validates this technology as a useful and expanded brain imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. San Juan
- Center for Human Growth and Development
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute
| | | | | | - Xiao-Su Hu
- Center for Human Growth and Development
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory J. Basura
- Center for Human Growth and Development
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute
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Zhai T, Ash-Rafzadeh A, Hu X, Kim J, San Juan JD, Filipiak C, Guo K, Islam MN, Kovelman I, Basura GJ. Tinnitus and auditory cortex; Using adapted functional near-infrared-spectroscopy to expand brain imaging in humans. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 6:137-144. [PMID: 33614942 PMCID: PMC7883618 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Phantom sound perception (tinnitus) may arise from altered brain activity within auditory cortex. Auditory cortex neurons in tinnitus animal models show increased spontaneous firing rates. This may be a core characteristic of tinnitus. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has shown similar findings in human auditory cortex. Current fNIRS approaches with cap recordings are limited to ∼3 cm depth of signal penetration due to the skull thickness. To address this limitation, we present an innovative fNIRS approach via probes adapted to the external auditory canal. The adapted probes were placed deeper and closer to temporal lobe of the brain to bypass confining skull bone and improve neural recordings. Methods Twenty adults with tinnitus and 20 nontinnitus controls listened to periods of silence and broadband noise (BBN) during standard cap and adapted ear canal fNIRS neuroimaging. The evaluators were not blinded, but the protocol and postprocessing for the two groups were identical. Results Standard fNIRS measurements in participants with tinnitus revealed increased auditory cortex activity during silence that was suppressed during auditory stimulation with BBN. Conversely, controls displayed increased activation with noise but not during silence. Importantly, adapted ear canal fNIRs probes showed similar hemodynamic responses seen with cap probes in both tinnitus and controls. Conclusions In this proof of concept study, we have successfully fabricated, adapted, and utilized a novel fNIRS technology that replicates established findings from traditional cap fNIRS probes. This exciting new innovation, validated by replicating previous and current cap findings in auditory cortex, may have applications to future studies to investigate brain changes not only in tinnitus but in other pathologic states that may involve the temporal lobe and surrounding brain regions. Level of Evidence NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqu Zhai
- Department of Electric Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Angela Ash-Rafzadeh
- Department of Psychology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA.,Center for Human Growth and Development The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Xiaosu Hu
- Department of Psychology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA.,Center for Human Growth and Development The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Jessica Kim
- Department of Psychology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA.,Center for Human Growth and Development The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Juan D San Juan
- Center for Human Growth and Development The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Charles Filipiak
- Department of Electric Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- Department of Electric Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Mohammed N Islam
- Department of Electric Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Department of Psychology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA.,Center for Human Growth and Development The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Gregory J Basura
- Center for Human Growth and Development The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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12
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Shoushtarian M, Alizadehsani R, Khosravi A, Acevedo N, McKay CM, Nahavandi S, Fallon JB. Objective measurement of tinnitus using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241695. [PMID: 33206675 PMCID: PMC7673524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tinnitus is a debilitating condition which affects 10-20% of adults and can severely impact their quality of life. Currently there is no objective measure of tinnitus that can be used clinically. Clinical assessment of the condition uses subjective feedback from individuals which is not always reliable. We investigated the sensitivity of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to differentiate individuals with and without tinnitus and to identify fNIRS features associated with subjective ratings of tinnitus severity. We recorded fNIRS signals in the resting state and in response to auditory or visual stimuli from 25 individuals with chronic tinnitus and 21 controls matched for age and hearing loss. Severity of tinnitus was rated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and subjective ratings of tinnitus loudness and annoyance were measured on a visual analogue scale. Following statistical group comparisons, machine learning methods including feature extraction and classification were applied to the fNIRS features to classify patients with tinnitus and controls and differentiate tinnitus at different severity levels. Resting state measures of connectivity between temporal regions and frontal and occipital regions were significantly higher in patients with tinnitus compared to controls. In the tinnitus group, temporal-occipital connectivity showed a significant increase with subject ratings of loudness. Also in this group, both visual and auditory evoked responses were significantly reduced in the visual and auditory regions of interest respectively. Naïve Bayes classifiers were able to classify patients with tinnitus from controls with an accuracy of 78.3%. An accuracy of 87.32% was achieved using Neural Networks to differentiate patients with slight/ mild versus moderate/ severe tinnitus. Our findings show the feasibility of using fNIRS and machine learning to develop an objective measure of tinnitus. Such a measure would greatly benefit clinicians and patients by providing a tool to objectively assess new treatments and patients' treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Shoushtarian
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medical Bionics Department, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola Acevedo
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colette M. McKay
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medical Bionics Department, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saeid Nahavandi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James B. Fallon
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medical Bionics Department, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Karunakaran KD, Peng K, Berry D, Green S, Labadie R, Kussman B, Borsook D. NIRS measures in pain and analgesia: Fundamentals, features, and function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:335-353. [PMID: 33159918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current pain assessment techniques based only on clinical evaluation and self-reports are not objective and may lead to inadequate treatment. Having a functional biomarker will add to the clinical fidelity, diagnosis, and perhaps improve treatment efficacy in patients. While many approaches have been deployed in pain biomarker discovery, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technology that allows for non-invasive measurement of cortical hemodynamics. The utility of fNIRS is especially attractive given its ability to detect specific changes in the somatosensory and high-order cortices as well as its ability to measure (1) brain function similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging, (2) graded responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli, (3) analgesia, and (4) nociception under anesthesia. In this review, we evaluate the utility of fNIRS in nociception/pain with particular focus on its sensitivity and specificity, methodological advantages and limitations, and the current and potential applications in various pain conditions. Everything considered, fNIRS technology could enhance our ability to evaluate evoked and persistent pain across different age groups and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Ke Peng
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Département en Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, l'Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Delany Berry
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Stephen Green
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Robert Labadie
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Barry Kussman
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
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14
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Sun Q, Wang X, Huang B, Sun J, Li J, Zhuang H, Xiong G. Cortical Activation Patterns of Different Masking Noises and Correlation With Their Masking Efficacy, Determined by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:149. [PMID: 32410973 PMCID: PMC7198837 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic therapy in tinnitus treatment is poorly characterized, and efficacy assessment depends on subjective descriptions. Narrow-band noise, notched sound, and white noise have positive therapeutic effects on monotonous tinnitus. Considering the tonotopic characteristics of the auditory system and the spectral characteristics of these three masking sounds, the activation pattern of the auditory cortex and the mechanism of inhibiting tinnitus may be different. This study aimed to compare the activation patterns of three spectrally different masking noises and study the correlation between the masking effects and variational amplitude of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) in the corresponding cortical regions. We also assessed near-infrared spectroscopy brain function imaging (NIRS) as an objective assessment tool in acoustic therapy. Patients with persistent non-pulsatile tinnitus and control volunteers without tinnitus were enrolled in this study. The subjects were seated in a sound-proof room, with two optode arrays covering the bilateral temporal lobe. Auditory stimuli were presented; stimulation sequences followed the block design: different noises appeared randomly and repeated in five cycles. Tinnitus match and residual inhibition were performed in the tinnitus group. The data analyses were conducted using the NIRS_SPM toolbox. The group analysis results showed that the narrow-band noise caused a marginally significant decrease in HbO signal in the Brodmann 21 region (BA21), while white noise caused a significant increase in HbO signal in BA21. Notched sound did not cause significant changes in the HbO signal in the temporal cortex. And none of the three masking noises caused significant changes in the HbR signal in the temporal cortex. The depth of residual inhibition induced by the narrow-band noise and white noise significantly correlated with ΔHbO in the region of interest (ROI). However, neither the depth nor duration of the residual inhibition induced by notched sound correlated with the ΔHbO. Thus, NIRS showed three cortical activation patterns induced by three different masking noises, and correlations between residual inhibition effects and change of HbO amplitude were found. NIRS could therefore be applied in objective assessment of acoustic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianren Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixue Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JinCangjian Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zhuang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanxia Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Association of periodic limb movements during sleep and tinnitus in humans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5972. [PMID: 32249815 PMCID: PMC7136229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Both of periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) and tinnitus were related with dopaminergic system dysfunction. However, it was still unclear whether PLMS, one kind of sleep disturbances, was associated with chronic tinnitus or not. Thus, we aimed to investigate this issue in humans. Clinical and overnight polysomnographic data of 2849 adults from a community hospital during Nov. 2011 to Jun 2017 in Taiwan was collected retrospectively. The association of PLMS and chronic tinnitus was analyzed by Student’s t-test, Pearson’s Chi-Square test, and multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the mean age was 50.6 years old (standard deviation, SD = 13.3, range = 18~91) for all subjects. There were 1886 subjects without tinnitus and 963 subjects with tinnitus in this study. The PLMS was not significantly different between subjects without tinnitus (mean = 1.0/h, SD = 3.5/h) and subjects with tinnitus mean = 1.1/h, SD = 3.4/h) by Student’s t-test. The severity of PLMS was not significantly between non-tinnitus and tinnitus subjects by Pearson’s Chi-Square test. Multivariate logistic regression also showed that PLMS was not significantly associated with tinnitus after adjusting age, sex, subjective hearing loss, Parkinson’s disease, and insomnia. In conclusion, PLMS was not associated with chronic tinnitus in humans.
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16
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Juan YH, Hsu CT, Hwang JH. Outcomes of Triple-Combination Therapy for Chronic Tinnitus. In Vivo 2020; 33:1707-1712. [PMID: 31471428 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Patients with tinnitus suffer not only from auditory dysfunction but also physical, mental, and social difficulties. Our aim was to investigate the outcomes of our triple-combination therapy for chronic tinnitus, which includes narrow-band noise masking, auricular acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) scores of 78 adults with chronic tinnitus who received triple-combination therapy for 12 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS There were 39 females and 39 males in this study. The mean age was 60.5 years [standard deviation (SD)=13.0, range=27-88 years] for all subjects. Mean pure tone average=39.5 decibel hearing level (SD=23.09). Pre-treatment mean THI score was 41.4 (SD=21.13), functional (F) subscore was 17.9 (SD=10.69), emotional (E) subscore was 10.6 (SD=6.87), and catastrophic (C) subscore was 12.9 (SD=4.85). Post-treatment THI total score was significantly lower compared to pre-treatment THI total score. Also, post-treatment subscores were significantly lower compared to pre-treatment subscores in F and C subsocres, but not in E subscore. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coffee and tea consumption was significantly positively associated with a reduction of THI total score. CONCLUSION Triple-combination therapy could be helpful for chronic tinnitus patients. It seemed that coffee and tea consumption may elicit increased improvement in conjunction with combined therapy for chronic tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsu Juan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Tien Hsu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Juen-Haur Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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17
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Verma R, Jha A, Singh S. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Probe tDCS-Induced Cortical Functioning Changes in Tinnitus. J Int Adv Otol 2020; 15:321-325. [PMID: 31347512 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2019.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited treatment options for successful management of tinnitus, which is highly prevalent worldwide. The pathogenetic role of auditory cortex activation changes in tinnitus has been reported by various functional studies that suggest that the emerging neuromodulation techniques may pave way toward better treatment response. The current case report depicts the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on the assessment of improvement in auditory cortex functioning in chronic tinnitus by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Verma
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Stimulation Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Stimulation Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuchita Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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18
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Liu X, Kim CS, Hong KS. An fNIRS-based investigation of visual merchandising displays for fashion stores. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208843. [PMID: 30533055 PMCID: PMC6289445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates a brain-based approach for visual merchandising display (VMD) in fashion stores. In marketing, VMD has become a research topic of interest. However, VMD research using brain activation information is rare. We examine the hemodynamic responses (HRs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) while positive/negative displays of four stores (menswear, womenswear, underwear, and sportswear) are shown to 20 subjects. As features for classifying the HRs, the mean, variance, peak, skewness, kurtosis, t-value, and slope of the signals for a 20-sec time window for the activated channels are analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis is used for classifying two-class (positive and negative displays) and four-class (four fashion stores) models. PFC brain activation maps based on t-values depicting the data from the 16 channels are provided. In the two-class classification, the underwear store had the highest average classification result of 67.04%, whereas the menswear store had the lowest value of 64.15%. Men's classification accuracy for the underwear stores with positive and negative displays was 71.38%, whereas the highest classification accuracy obtained by women for womenswear stores was 73%. The average accuracy over the 20 subjects for positive displays was 50.68%, while that of negative displays was 51.07%. Therefore, these findings suggest that human brain activation is involved in the evaluation of the fashion store displays. It is concluded that fNIRS can be used as a brain-based tool in the evaluation of fashion stores in a daily life environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Shik Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Basura GJ, Hu X, Juan JS, Tessier A, Kovelman I. Human central auditory plasticity: A review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cochlear implant performance and tinnitus perception. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:463-472. [PMID: 30599031 PMCID: PMC6302720 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging noninvasive technology used to study cerebral cortex activity. Being virtually silent and compatible with cochlear implants has helped establish fNIRS as an important tool when investigating auditory cortex as well as cortices involved with hearing and language processing in adults and during child development. With respect to this review article, more recently, fNIRS has also been used to investigate central auditory plasticity following hearing loss and tinnitus or phantom sound perception. METHODS Here, we review the currently available literature reporting the use of fNIRS in human studies with cochlear implants and tinnitus to measure human central auditory cortical circuits. We also provide the reader with detailed reviews of the technology and traditional recording paradigms/methods used in these auditory-based studies. RESULTS The purpose of this review article is to summarize theoretical advancements in our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying auditory processes and their plasticity through fNIRS research of human auditory performance with cochlear implantation and plasticity that may contribute to the central percepts of tinnitus. CONCLUSION fNIRS is an emerging noninvasive brain imaging technology that has wide reaching application that can be applied to human studies involving cochlear implants and tinnitus. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Basura
- Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
| | - Xiao‐Su Hu
- Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
| | - Juan San Juan
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
| | | | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
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20
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Wriessnegger SC, Bauernfeind G, Kurz EM, Raggam P, Müller-Putz GR. Imagine squeezing a cactus: Cortical activation during affective motor imagery measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Brain Cogn 2018; 126:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Bauernfeind G, Wriessnegger SC, Haumann S, Lenarz T. Cortical activation patterns to spatially presented pure tone stimuli with different intensities measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Hum Brain Mapp 2018. [PMID: 29516587 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging technique for the assessment of functional activity of the cerebral cortex. Recently fNIRS was also envisaged as a novel neuroimaging approach for measuring the auditory cortex activity in the field of in auditory diagnostics. This study aimed to investigate differences in brain activity related to spatially presented sounds with different intensities in 10 subjects by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We found pronounced cortical activation patterns in the temporal and frontal regions of both hemispheres. In contrast to these activation patterns, we found deactivation patterns in central and parietal regions of both hemispheres. Furthermore our results showed an influence of spatial presentation and intensity of the presented sounds on brain activity in related regions of interest. These findings are in line with previous fMRI studies which also reported systematic changes of activation in temporal and frontal areas with increasing sound intensity. Although clear evidence for contralaterality effects and hemispheric asymmetries were absent in the group data, these effects were partially visible on the single subject level. Concluding, fNIRS is sensitive enough to capture differences in brain responses during the spatial presentation of sounds with different intensities in several cortical regions. Our results may serve as a valuable contribution for further basic research and the future use of fNIRS in the area of central auditory diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Bauernfeind
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Haumann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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22
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Chen JC, Koo M, Hwang JH. Tinnitus Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Benign Brain Tumors: A Nationwide, Population-Based Secondary Cohort Study of Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Neuroepidemiology 2017; 49:174-178. [PMID: 29190632 DOI: 10.1159/000481991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign or malignant brain tumors in humans. Therefore, the aim of this secondary study was to investigate the risk of brain tumors in adult with tinnitus using data from a nationwide health claims research database. METHODS Patients aged 20-50 years who were newly diagnosed with tinnitus were identified from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and they served as the study cohort. A comparison cohort was formed by using patients without tinnitus from the same database with frequency matching (4: 1) by 10-year age interval and gender to the patients in the tinnitus cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for benign and malignant brain tumors in patients with tinnitus, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. RESULTS There were 15,819 patients in the tinnitus cohort and 63,276 in the comparison cohort. A significantly higher proportion of patients with tinnitus had benign brain tumor (p = 0.003) and all 11 comorbid conditions (p < 0.001) compared to those without tinnitus. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis performed on the basis of age, gender, and the 11 comorbidities revealed that tinnitus was independently associated with a higher risk for benign brain tumor (AHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.20, p = 0.001) and but not with malignant brain tumors (AHR 1.66, 95% CI 0.93-2.94, p = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this secondary cohort analysis indicated that tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cherng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juen-Haur Hwang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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23
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San Juan J, Hu XS, Issa M, Bisconti S, Kovelman I, Kileny P, Basura G. Tinnitus alters resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in human auditory and non-auditory brain regions as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179150. [PMID: 28604786 PMCID: PMC5467838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus, or phantom sound perception, leads to increased spontaneous neural firing rates and enhanced synchrony in central auditory circuits in animal models. These putative physiologic correlates of tinnitus to date have not been well translated in the brain of the human tinnitus sufferer. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) we recently showed that tinnitus in humans leads to maintained hemodynamic activity in auditory and adjacent, non-auditory cortices. Here we used fNIRS technology to investigate changes in resting state functional connectivity between human auditory and non-auditory brain regions in normal-hearing, bilateral subjective tinnitus and controls before and after auditory stimulation. Hemodynamic activity was monitored over the region of interest (primary auditory cortex) and non-region of interest (adjacent non-auditory cortices) and functional brain connectivity was measured during a 60-second baseline/period of silence before and after a passive auditory challenge consisting of alternating pure tones (750 and 8000Hz), broadband noise and silence. Functional connectivity was measured between all channel-pairs. Prior to stimulation, connectivity of the region of interest to the temporal and fronto-temporal region was decreased in tinnitus participants compared to controls. Overall, connectivity in tinnitus was differentially altered as compared to controls following sound stimulation. Enhanced connectivity was seen in both auditory and non-auditory regions in the tinnitus brain, while controls showed a decrease in connectivity following sound stimulation. In tinnitus, the strength of connectivity was increased between auditory cortex and fronto-temporal, fronto-parietal, temporal, occipito-temporal and occipital cortices. Together these data suggest that central auditory and non-auditory brain regions are modified in tinnitus and that resting functional connectivity measured by fNIRS technology may contribute to conscious phantom sound perception and potentially serve as an objective measure of central neural pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan San Juan
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Inst., The University of Michigan, 1100 W Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Su Hu
- Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Mohamad Issa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Inst., The University of Michigan, 1100 W Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Silvia Bisconti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Paul Kileny
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Inst., The University of Michigan, 1100 W Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Gregory Basura
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Inst., The University of Michigan, 1100 W Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hwang JH, Chan YC. Expressions of ion co-transporter genes in salicylate-induced tinnitus and treatment effects of spirulina. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:159. [PMID: 27590453 PMCID: PMC5009550 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the activity of tinnitus-related ion co-transporter are known, their mRNA expressions has seldom been reported. We aimed to investigate the mRNA expressions of tinnitus-related ion co-transporter genes, and treatment effects of Spirulina. METHODS The mRNA expressions of K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) and Na-K-2Cl co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) genes in the cochlea and brain of mice were evaluated after tinnitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of salicylate. The effects of spirulina water extract on these gene expressions were investigated. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the tinnitus scores increased significantly, however, the salicylate-induced tinnitus could be reduced significantly by spirulina water extract. The tinnitus group had higher of borderline significance mRNA expression of KCC2 gene in the cochlear, significantly higher in the temporal lobes and in the frontal lobes. Meanwhile, compared to the tinnitus group, the spirulina group had significantly lower mRNA expression of KCC2 gene in the cochlear, temporal lobes, frontal lobes and parahippocampus/hippocampus. However, the NKCC1 mRNA expression was not significantly different between three groups in the cochlea and these brain areas. CONCLUSION Salicylate-induced tinnitus might be associated with increased mRNA expression of KCC2 gene, but not with mRNA expressions of NKCC1 gene in the cochlear and some tinnitus-related brain areas. Spirulina reduced the expression of KCC2 genes in salicylate-induced tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juen-Haur Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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