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Yu F, Cong S, Yap EP, Hausenloy DJ, Ramachandra CJ. Unravelling the Interplay between Cardiac Metabolism and Heart Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10300. [PMID: 37373444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of heart failure (HF) and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. An ischemic event induces cardiomyocyte death, and the ability for the adult heart to repair itself is challenged by the limited proliferative capacity of resident cardiomyocytes. Intriguingly, changes in metabolic substrate utilisation at birth coincide with the terminal differentiation and reduced proliferation of cardiomyocytes, which argues for a role of cardiac metabolism in heart regeneration. As such, strategies aimed at modulating this metabolism-proliferation axis could, in theory, promote heart regeneration in the setting of IHD. However, the lack of mechanistic understanding of these cellular processes has made it challenging to develop therapeutic modalities that can effectively promote regeneration. Here, we review the role of metabolic substrates and mitochondria in heart regeneration, and discuss potential targets aimed at promoting cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry. While advances in cardiovascular therapies have reduced IHD-related deaths, this has resulted in a substantial increase in HF cases. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cardiac metabolism and heart regeneration could facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to repair the damaged heart and reduce risk of HF in patients with IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - En Ping Yap
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Chrishan J Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Venezia O, Islam S, Cho C, Timme-Laragy AR, Sant KE. Modulation of PPAR signaling disrupts pancreas development in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115653. [PMID: 34302850 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that regulate processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism. Synthetic PPAR ligands, designed as therapeutics for metabolic disease, provide a tool to assess the relationship between PPAR activity and pancreas development in vivo, an area that remains poorly characterized. Here, we aim to assess the effects of PPAR agonists and antagonists on gene expression, embryonic morphology and pancreas development in transgenic zebrafish embryos. To evaluate developmental perturbations, we assessed gross body and pancreas morphology at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) in response to developmental exposures with PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ agonists and antagonists at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations. All ligand exposures, with the exception of the PPARα agonist, resulted in significantly altered fish length and yolk sac area. PPARγ agonist and antagonist had higher incidence of darkened yolk sac and craniofacial deformities, whereas PPARα antagonist had higher incidence of pericardial edema and death. Significantly reduced endocrine pancreas area was observed in both PPARγ ligands and PPARα agonist exposed embryos, some of which also exhibited aberrant endocrine pancreas morphology. Both PPARβ/δ ligands caused reduced exocrine pancreas length and novel aberrant phenotype, and disrupted gene expression of pancreatic targets pdx1, gcga, and try. Lipid staining was performed at 8 dpf and revealed altered lipid accumulation consistent with isoform function. These data indicate chronic exposure to synthetic ligands may induce morphological and pancreatic defects in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Venezia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Sadia Islam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Christine Cho
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America.
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Zhang Y, Ji H, Qiao O, Li Z, Pecoraro L, Zhang X, Han X, Wang W, Zhang X, Man S, Wang J, Li X, Liu C, Huang L, Gao W. Nanoparticle conjugation of ginsenoside Rb3 inhibits myocardial fibrosis by regulating PPARα pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111630. [PMID: 33945912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis occurs in ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure, hereditary cardiomyopathy, diabetes and aging. Energy metabolism, which serves a crucial function in the course and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, might have therapeutic benefits for myocardial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) is one of the main components of Ginseng and exhibits poor oral bioavailability but still exerts regulate energy metabolism effects in some diseases. Therefore, the study investigated the effect of chitosan (CS) @ sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles conjugation with ginsenoside Rb3 (NpRb3) on myocardial fibrosis and studied its possible mechanisms. The results showed that NpRb3 directly participates in the remodeling of myocardial energy metabolism and the regulation of perixisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), thereby improving the degree of myocardial fibrosis. The study also verifies the protective effect of NpRb3 on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function by targeting the PPARα pathway. Therefore, the prepared nanodrug carrier may be a potential solution for the delivery of G-Rb3, which is a promising platform for oral treatment of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Haixia Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ou Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shuli Man
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
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Zhang F, Jin C, Wang X, Yan H, Tan H, Gao C. Dietary supplementation with pioglitazone hydrochloride and l-carnosine improves the growth performance, muscle fatty acid profiles and shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 7:168-175. [PMID: 33997345 PMCID: PMC8110847 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) and l-carnosine (LC) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status, and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens. Five hundred broiler chickens were randomly assigned into 4 experimental diets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 PGZ supplemental levels (0 and 15 mg/kg) and 2 LC supplemental levels (0 and 400 mg/kg) in basal diets for 28 d. The feed-to-gain ratio decreased whereas the average daily gain increased with PGZ supplementation. Greater dressing percentages, contents of intramuscular fat (IMF) in breast and thigh muscles, C18:3n-6, C18:1n-9 and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) percentages of thigh muscle were observed with PGZ addition. Additionally, significant synergistic effects between PGZ and LC on the C18:1n-9 and MUFA contents were found. Supplementation with LC decreased drip loss, cooking loss and total volatile basic nitrogen, and increased the redness (a∗) value, the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in thigh muscles. Moreover, the malondialdehyde content decreased when diets were supplemented with LC, and there was a synergistic effect between PGZ and LC. Additionally, the mRNA abundance of lipogenesis-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARγ co-activator 1α and fatty acid-binding protein 3, increased with PGZ supplementation, and relevant antioxidation genes, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and superoxide dismutase 1, were enhanced with LC supplementation. In conclusion, the results indicated that the supplementation of PGZ and LC could improve the growth performance, antioxidant ability, IMF content, and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenglong Jin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuqi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huichao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huize Tan
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd, Yunfu, 527400, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunqi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
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Puchałowicz K, Rać ME. The Multifunctionality of CD36 in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications-Update in Pathogenesis, Treatment and Monitoring. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081877. [PMID: 32796572 PMCID: PMC7465275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a multiligand receptor contributing to glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. A wide range of tissue expression includes cells sensitive to metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM), such as monocytes and macrophages, epithelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, skeletal and cardiac myocytes, pancreatic β-cells, kidney glomeruli and tubules cells, pericytes and pigment epithelium cells of the retina, and Schwann cells. These features make CD36 an important component of the pathogenesis of DM and its complications, but also a promising target in the treatment of these disorders. The detrimental effects of CD36 signaling are mediated by the uptake of fatty acids and modified lipoproteins, deposition of lipids and their lipotoxicity, alterations in insulin response and the utilization of energy substrates, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis leading to the progressive, often irreversible organ dysfunction. This review summarizes the extensive knowledge of the contribution of CD36 to DM and its complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy.
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Zhang Q, Guo D, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Wu Y, Li C, Wang W, Wang Y. Danqi Pill Protects Against Heart Failure Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction via HIF-1α/PGC-1α Mediated Glucose Metabolism Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:458. [PMID: 32372956 PMCID: PMC7187888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Heart failure (HF) post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to a large number of hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. Danqi pill (DQP) is included in the 2015 national pharmacopoeia and widely applied in the treatment of HF in clinics in China. We examined whether DQP acted on glucose metabolism to protect against HF post-AMI via hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α co-activator (PGC-1α) pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation induced HF post-AMI rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced H9C2 cell model were structured to explore the efficacy and mechanism of DQP. Here we showed that DQP protected the heart against ischemic damage as evidenced by improved cardiac functions and attenuated inflammatory infiltration. The expressions of critical proteins involved in glucose intake and transportation such as GLUT4 and PKM2 were up-regulated, while negative regulatory proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation were attenuated in the treatment of DQP. Moreover, DQP up-regulated NRF1 and TFAM, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and increased myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. The protection effects of DQP were significantly compromised by HIF-1α siRNA, suggesting that HIF-1α signaling pathway was the potential target of DQP on HF post-AMI. CONCLUSIONS DQP exhibits the efficacy to improve myocardial glucose metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and biogenesis by regulating HIF-1α/PGC-1α signaling pathway in HF post-AMI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Guo
- The School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- The School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- The School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ginsenoside Rb3 regulates energy metabolism and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via activating PPARα pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109487. [PMID: 31577975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality globally. Disorders of energy metabolism and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes are critically involved in the progression of HF. Ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) is a natural product derived from ginseng that has cardio-protective effect. The pharmacological mechanism of G-Rb3 in the treatment of HF remains to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulative effects of G-Rb3 on fatty acids oxidation and apoptosis by in vivo and in vitro studies. Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced HF mice model and a cellular H9C2 injury model was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) stimulation. The results showed that G-Rb3 could protect heart functions in MI-induced HF model. G-Rb3 treatment up-regulated expressions of key enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids, including carnitine palmitoyltransterase-1α (CPT-1α), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) and the major mitochondrial deacetylase enzyme sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). The upstream transcriptional regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), was also up-regulated by G-Rb3 treatment. In vitro study demonstrated that G-Rb3 could protect mitochondrial membrane integrity and exert anti-apoptotic effects, in addition to regulating fatty acids oxidation. Impressively, after cells were co-treated with PPARα inhibitor, the regulative effects of G-Rb3 on energy metabolism and apoptosis were abrogated. Our study suggests that G-Rb3 is a promising agent and PPARα is potential target in the management of HF.
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Mori D, Miyagawa S, Matsuura R, Sougawa N, Fukushima S, Ueno T, Toda K, Kuratani T, Tomita K, Maeda N, Shimomura I, Sawa Y. Pioglitazone strengthen therapeutic effect of adipose-derived regenerative cells against ischemic cardiomyopathy through enhanced expression of adiponectin and modulation of macrophage phenotype. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:39. [PMID: 30902059 PMCID: PMC6431071 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of cell transplantation in heart failure is reportedly modest, but adjuvant drugs combined with cell therapy may improve this efficacy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, one of the hypoglycemic medicine for diabetes mellitus, reportedly enhances cytokine production in adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs). We hypothesized that combined administration of PPARγ agonists and ADRCs may enhance the paracrine effects of adiponectin (APN), leading to functional recovery in a chronic myocardial infarction (MI) model. Methods ADRCs were isolated from adipose tissues of adult rats by gradient centrifugation and embedded in bio-compatible fibrin-glue to produce ADRCs grafts. In the in vitro study, the ADRCs grafts released APN, which was significantly enhanced by the PPARγ agonist (PGZ, pioglitazone). Transplantation of ADRCs grafts (group A), ADRCs mixed with PGZ (group AP), APN knockdown-ADRCs (group Si) or PGZ (group P) onto the epicardium or a sham operation (group C) was performed (n = 10–20 per group). Results The AP group showed significant improvement in ejection fraction compared to that in the other groups. In the AP group, a significantly larger number of M2-polarized macrophages was detected and existed for a significantly longer duration in the infarct area. Furthermore, comparing Si group and P group, western blotting of T-cadherin revealed that exogenous APN and local expression of T-cadherin were essential to this histological change and recovery of cardiac function. Conclusions Combined administration of PPARγ agonist and ADRSCs activated M2-polarized macrophages with enhancement of APN paracrine effects and lead to better cardiac function in a rat infarction model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-019-0829-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mori
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Matsuura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nagako Sougawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Kuratani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomita
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Medical Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Emerging Regulatory Roles in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:8530371. [PMID: 30622558 PMCID: PMC6304518 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8530371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play vital roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology, such as energy balance, cell proliferation/apoptosis, inflammatory response, and adipocyte differentiation. These vital roles make PPARs potential targets for therapeutic prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Emerging evidence indicates that the crosstalk of microRNAs (miRNAs) and PPARs contributes greatly to CVD pathogenesis. PPARs are inhibited by miRNAs at posttranscriptional mechanisms in the progress of pulmonary hypertension and vascular dysfunction involving cell proliferation/apoptosis, communication, and normal function of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. In the development of atherosclerosis and stroke, the activation of PPARs could change the transcripts of target miRNA through miRNA signalling. Furthermore, the mutual regulation of PPARs and miRNAs involves cell proliferation/apoptosis, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction in heart diseases. In addition, obesity, an important cardiovascular risk, is modulated by the regulatory axis of PPARs/miRNAs, including adipogenesis, adipocyte dysfunction, insulin resistance, and macrophage polarization in adipose tissue. In this review, the crosstalk of PPARs and miRNAs and their emerging regulatory roles are summarized in the context of CVDs and risks. This provides an understanding of the underlying mechanism of the biological process related to CVD pathophysiology involving the interaction of PPARs and miRNAs and will lead to the development of PPARs/miRNAs as effective anti-CVD medications.
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Svensson F, Zoufir A, Mahmoud S, Afzal AM, Smit I, Giblin KA, Clements PJ, Mettetal JT, Pointon A, Harvey JS, Greene N, Williams RV, Bender A. Information-Derived Mechanistic Hypotheses for Structural Cardiotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1119-1127. [PMID: 30350600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adverse events resulting from drug therapy can be a cause of drug withdrawal, reduced and or restricted clinical use, as well as a major economic burden for society. To increase the safety of new drugs, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms causing the adverse events. One way to derive new mechanistic hypotheses is by linking data on drug adverse events with the drugs' biological targets. In this study, we have used data mining techniques and mutual information statistical approaches to find associations between reported adverse events collected from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and assay outcomes from ToxCast, with the aim to generate mechanistic hypotheses related to structural cardiotoxicity (morphological damage to cardiomyocytes and/or loss of viability). Our workflow identified 22 adverse event-assay outcome associations. From these associations, 10 implicated targets could be substantiated with evidence from previous studies reported in the literature. For two of the identified targets, we also describe a more detailed mechanism, forming putative adverse outcome pathways associated with structural cardiotoxicity. Our study also highlights the difficulties deriving these type of associations from the very limited amount of data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Svensson
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Azedine Zoufir
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Samar Mahmoud
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Avid M Afzal
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Ines Smit
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A Giblin
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Clements
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd , Park Road , Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP , United Kingdom
| | - Jerome T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Drive , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences , AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - James S Harvey
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd , Park Road , Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP , United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Greene
- Predictive Compound Safety and ADME , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Drive , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Richard V Williams
- Lhasa Limited , Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf , Leeds LS11 5PS , United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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