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Homaeigohar S, Assad MA, Azari AH, Ghorbani F, Rodgers C, Dalby MJ, Zheng K, Xu R, Elbahri M, Boccaccini AR. Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on l-Carnosine Biofunctionalized Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers; a Biomimetic Wound Healing Material. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4290-4303. [PMID: 37721636 PMCID: PMC10583230 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional biohybrid nanofibers (NFs) that can simultaneously drive various cellular activities and confer antibacterial properties are considered desirable in producing advanced wound healing materials. In this study, a bionanohybrid formulation was processed as a NF wound dressing to stimulate the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast and endothelial cells that play a major role in wound healing. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun NFs were hydrolyzed using NaOH and biofunctionalized with l-carnosine (CAR), a dipeptide which could later biosynthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) on the NFs surface. The morphological study verified that ZnO NPs are uniformly distributed on the surface of CAR/PAN NFs. Through EDX and XRD analysis, it was validated that the NPs are composed of ZnO and/or ZnO/Zn(OH)2. The presence of CAR and ZnO NPs brought about a superhydrophilicity effect and notably raised the elastic modulus and tensile strength of Zn-CAR/PAN NFs. While CAR ligands were shown to improve the viability of fibroblast (L929) and endothelial (HUVEC) cells, ZnO NPs lowered the positive impact of CAR, most likely due to their repulsive negative surface charge. A scratch assay verified that CAR/PAN NFs and Zn-CAR/PAN NFs aided HUVEC migration more than PAN NFs. Also, an antibacterial assay implied that CAR/PAN NFs and Zn-CAR/PAN NFs are significantly more effective in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) than neat PAN NFs are (1000 and 500%, respectively). Taken together, compared to the neat PAN NFs, CAR/PAN NFs with and without the biosynthesized ZnO NPs can support the cellular activities of relevance for wound healing and inactivate bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Homaeigohar
- School
of Science and Engineering, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K.
| | - Mhd Adel Assad
- Nanochemistry
and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Amir Hossein Azari
- Nanochemistry
and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute
of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Chloe Rodgers
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow 11 6EW, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow 11 6EW, U.K.
| | - Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu
Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational
Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rongyao Xu
- Jiangsu
Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational
Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department
of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry
and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Aldo. R. Boccaccini
- Institute
of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Zhou JY, Lin HL, Qin YC, Li XG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. l-Carnosine Protects Against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Stem Cells by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100406. [PMID: 34216418 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The intestinal epithelium is nourished by various nutrients and subjected to persistent and widespread feed-derived mycotoxin stress. l-Carnosine (LC) possesses robust antioxidant activity; however, its role in protecting intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol (DON) is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 300 mg kg-1 BW LC and 3 mg kg-1 BW DON are orally administered to mice either alone or in combination for 10 days to investigate the role of LC in protecting the intestine against DON. This study found that LC alleviates the growth retardation of mice and repairs the damaged jejunal structure and barrier functions under DON exposure. LC rescues the intestinal stem cells (ISCs), increases the growth advantage in enteroids derived from jejunal crypts of mice in each group ex vivo, improves the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal cells, and promotes ISC differentiation into absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells. Furthermore, LC activates Nrf2 signaling by binding to Keap1 to reverse the striking DON-induced increase in ROS levels. CONCLUSION The study findings unveil that LC potentiates the antioxidant capacity of ISCs by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, which contributes to the intestinal epithelial regeneration response to DON insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hua-Lin Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying-Chao Qin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Darvishi B, Dinarvand R, Mohammadpour H, Kamarul T, Sharifi AM. Dual l-Carnosine/ Aloe vera Nanophytosomes with Synergistically Enhanced Protective Effects against Methylglyoxal-Induced Angiogenesis Impairment. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3302-3325. [PMID: 34297586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular complications are among the major outcomes of patients with type II diabetes mellitus, which are the consequences of impaired physiological functioning of small blood vessels and angiogenic responses in these patients. Overproduction and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl byproduct of glycolysis pathway, has been acclaimed as the main inducer of impaired angiogenic responses and microvascular dysfunction in diabetic patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Hence, an effective approach to overcome diabetes-associated microvascular complications is to neutralize the deleterious activity of enhanced the concentration of MGO in the body. Owing to the glycation inhibitory activity of Aloe vera whole extract, and capability of l-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, in attenuating MGO's destructive activity, we examined whether application of a combination of l-carnosine and A. vera could be an effective way of synergistically weakening this reactive dicarbonyl's impaired angiogenic effects. Additionally, overcoming the poor cellular uptake and internalization of l-carnosine and A. vera, a nanophytosomal formulation of the physical mixture of two compounds was also established. Although l-carnosine and A. vera at whole studied combination ratios could synergistically enhance viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with MGO, the 25:1 w/w ratio was the most effective one among the others (27 ± 0.5% compared to 12 ± 0.3 to 18 ± 0.4%; F (4, 15) = 183.9, P < 0.0001). Developing dual nanophytosomes of l-carnosine/A. vera (25:1) combination ratio, we demonstrated superiority of the nanophytosomal formulation in protecting HUVECs against MGO-induced toxicity following a 24-72 h incubation period (17.3, 15.8, and 12.4% respectively). Moreover, 500 μg/mL concentration of dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosomes exhibited a superior free radical scavenging potency (63 ± 4 RFU vs 83 ± 5 RFU; F (5, 12) = 54.81, P < 0.0001) and nitric oxide synthesizing capacity (26.11 ± 0.19 vs 5.1 ± 0.33; F (5, 12) = 2537, P < 0.0001) compared to their physical combination counterpart. Similarly, 500 μg/mL dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosome-treated HUVECs demonstrated a superior tube formation capacity (15 ± 3 vs 2 ± 0.3; F (5, 12) = 30.87, P < 0.001), wound scratch healing capability (4.92 ± 0.3 vs 3.07 ± 0.3 mm/h; F (5, 12) = 39.21, P < 0.0001), and transwell migration (586 ± 32 vs 394 ± 18; F (5, 12) = 231.8, P < 0.001) and invasion (172 ± 9 vs 115 ± 5; F (5, 12) = 581.1, P < 0.0001) activities compared to the physical combination treated ones. Further confirming the proangiogenic activity of the dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosomes, a significant shift toward expression of proangiogenic genes including HIF-1α, VEGFA, bFGF, KDR, and Ang II was reported in treated HUVECs. Overall, dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosomes could be a potential candidate for attenuating type II DM-associated microvascular complications with an impaired angiogenesis background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Mohammadpour
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-5583, Iran
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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Kim M, Ko YJ, Jeong DW, Jeong WY, Han SO. Ecofriendly Synthesis of l-Carnosine in Metabolically Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum by Reinforcing Precursor Accumulation. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1553-1562. [PMID: 34019768 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biobased processes to minimize environmental pollutants have attracted much attention. l-Carnosine has been produced by chemical synthesis, and as an alternative to this method, we newly developed engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum synthesizing l-carnosine. To develop the strain, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was enhanced by attenuating flux to nonoxidative PPP. Enhanced PPP strengthened the histidine pathway and produced 5.0 g/L l-histidine and 3.9 mg/L l-carnosine. Then, the histidine synthetic pathway was reinforced by overexpressing HisG and Rel. This pathway reduced feedback inhibition by l-histidine and strengthened the flux of the histidine pathway; thus, it produced 552.20 mg/g DCW l-histidine. As a result, enhancement of the PPP accumulates more l-histidine than the histidine pathway; thus, the PPP was further enhanced by pgi gene alteration. For sufficient β-alanine products, PanD was overexpressed and produced 99.17 mg/L l-carnosine. The final strain, Car15, which consolidated all three pathways, produced 323.26 mg/L l-carnosine via fed-batch fermentation. Finally, we confirmed the antioxidant and antiglycation effects of biologically synthesized l-carnosine, and the biologically synthesized l-carnosine showed inhibitory activity similar to that of commercial l-carnosine. Consequently, this study suggested a new biosynthetic process for l-carnosine and showed potential as a treatment for metabolic disorders through the assessment of its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Young Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Zhang F, Jin C, Wang X, Yan H, Tan H, Gao C. Dietary supplementation with pioglitazone hydrochloride and l-carnosine improves the growth performance, muscle fatty acid profiles and shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 7:168-175. [PMID: 33997345 PMCID: PMC8110847 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) and l-carnosine (LC) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status, and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens. Five hundred broiler chickens were randomly assigned into 4 experimental diets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 PGZ supplemental levels (0 and 15 mg/kg) and 2 LC supplemental levels (0 and 400 mg/kg) in basal diets for 28 d. The feed-to-gain ratio decreased whereas the average daily gain increased with PGZ supplementation. Greater dressing percentages, contents of intramuscular fat (IMF) in breast and thigh muscles, C18:3n-6, C18:1n-9 and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) percentages of thigh muscle were observed with PGZ addition. Additionally, significant synergistic effects between PGZ and LC on the C18:1n-9 and MUFA contents were found. Supplementation with LC decreased drip loss, cooking loss and total volatile basic nitrogen, and increased the redness (a∗) value, the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in thigh muscles. Moreover, the malondialdehyde content decreased when diets were supplemented with LC, and there was a synergistic effect between PGZ and LC. Additionally, the mRNA abundance of lipogenesis-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARγ co-activator 1α and fatty acid-binding protein 3, increased with PGZ supplementation, and relevant antioxidation genes, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and superoxide dismutase 1, were enhanced with LC supplementation. In conclusion, the results indicated that the supplementation of PGZ and LC could improve the growth performance, antioxidant ability, IMF content, and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenglong Jin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuqi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huichao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huize Tan
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd, Yunfu, 527400, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunqi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
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Virdi JK, Bhanot A, Jaggi AS, Agarwal N. Investigation on beneficial role of l-carnosine in neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning in mice: possible role of histidine histamine pathway. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:983-998. [PMID: 31951767 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1715393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible role of histidine-histamine pathway in the neuroprotective effects produced by L-carnosine hand in hand with ischemic postconditioning in the animal model of cerebral ischemia. METHODS Cerebral ischemia was induced in swiss albino mice by performing BCCAO surgery. Morris water-maze test was utilized to assess the learning ability and memory of the animals. The whole brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, TBARS, GSH levels and MPO activity were evaluated as the biochemical parameters. For histopathological evaluation of the cerebral infarct size, TTC staining was employed. RESULTS Administration of L-carnosine (500 mg/kg, i.p.) successfully attenuated the manifestations of cerebral ischemia. Higher levels of AChE, TBARS, and MPO were observed in BCCAO treated animals, which were successfully attenuated by treatment with L-carnosine and ischemic postconditioning. Whereas administration of L-carnosine and ischemic postconditioning significantly increased the level of GSH in BCCAO treated animals. Moreover, treatment with ranitidine, an H2 blocker (30 NMol, i.c.v) antagonized the neuroprotective actions of L-carnosine evidenced by decrease in MWM performance, increase in the level of AChE and oxidative stress, while decrease in GSH level in brain. The cerebral infarct size was found to be more in BCCAO inflicted animals, which was improved by the administration of L-carnosine, while the cerebral infarct size worsened by treatment with ranitidine (3 nmol, i.c.v.). CONCLUSION It is concluded that L-carnosine exerts neuroprotective effect via involvement of histidine-histamine pathway since the beneficial effects of L-carnosine were abolished by the H2-blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur Virdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Amritansh Bhanot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Ghajar A, Aghajan-Nashtaei F, Afarideh M, Mohammadi MR, Akhondzadeh S. l-Carnosine as Adjunctive Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018; 28:331-338. [PMID: 29469593 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2017.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of l-carnosine as an add-on to methylphenidate in management of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS This was an 8-week, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Fifty-six drug-free children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD entered the study. The patients were randomly assigned to l-carnosine (800 mg/d in two divided doses) or placebo plus methylphenidate (0.5-1.5 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks. Children were assessed using the Teacher and Parent ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 postbaseline. RESULTS Fifty patients completed the study, and all had two postbaseline measurements. Using the general linear model repeated measures, significant effect was observed for time × treatment interaction on total and inattention subscales of the Parent ADHD-RS (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 3.783, df = 1.444, p = 0.041 and F = 4.032, df = 1.600, p = 0.030). Improvements in the Teacher ADHD-RS were not significantly different between the two groups in total (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 0.200, df = 1.218, p = 0.705), as well as inattention and hyperactivity subscale scores (p = 0.956 and 0.281, respectively). The frequency of side effects was not significantly different between the two treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS l-carnosine, as a supplementary medication, might be beneficial in treatment of children with ADHD. However, further investigations and different doses of l-carnosine are required to replicate these findings in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghajar
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Aghajan-Nashtaei
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Hajizadeh-Zaker R, Ghajar A, Mesgarpour B, Afarideh M, Mohammadi MR, Akhondzadeh S. l-Carnosine As an Adjunctive Therapy to Risperidone in Children with Autistic Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018; 28:74-81. [PMID: 29027815 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2017.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at investigating the efficacy and tolerability of l-carnosine as an add-on to risperidone in the management of children with autism. METHODS This was a 10-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Seventy drug-free children aged 4-12 years old with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. (DSM-5) who had an Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) scale irritability subscale score of ≥12, entered the study. The patients were randomly assigned to l-carnosine (800 mg/day in 2 divided doses) or placebo in addition to risperidone titrated up to 2 mg/day (based on body weight) for 10 weeks. The children were assessed by using ABC-C at baseline and weeks 5 and 10 post-baseline. The primary outcome measure was the mean change in the ABC-C irritability subscale score, and other subscale scores were defined as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Using the general linear model repeated measures, no significant effect was observed for time × treatment interaction on the irritability subscale scores. However, significant effect was detected on the hyperactivity/noncompliance subscale [F (1.62, 64.96) = 3.53, p-value = 0.044]. No significant improvements were obtained on the lethargy/social withdrawal, stereotypic behavior, and inappropriate speech subscale scores. Significantly greater score reduction in the hyperactivity/noncompliance subscale occurred in the l-carnosine group compared with the placebo group at the end of the trial. Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale Scores and its changes did not differ between the two groups. The frequency of other side effects was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Although no significant difference was detected on the irritability subscale scores, l-carnosine add-on can improve hyperactivity/noncompliance subscales of the ABC-C rating scale in patients with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Hajizadeh-Zaker
- 1 Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghajar
- 1 Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Mesgarpour
- 2 National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD) , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- 1 Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi
- 1 Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- 1 Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Iovine B, Guardia F, Irace C, Bevilacqua MA. l-carnosine dipeptide overcomes acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil in HT29 human colon cancer cells via downregulation of HIF1-alpha and induction of apoptosis. Biochimie 2016; 127:196-204. [PMID: 27234614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) protein is over-expressed in many human cancers and is a major cause of resistance to drugs. HIF-1α up-regulation decreases the effectiveness of several anticancer agents, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), because it induces the expression of drug efflux transporters, alters DNA repair mechanisms and modifies the balance between pro- and antiapoptotic factors. These findings suggest that inhibition of HIF-1α activity may sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs. We previously reported that l-carnosine reduces HIF-1α expression by inhibiting the proliferation of colon cancer cells. In the present study we investigated the effect of l-carnosine on HT29 colon cancer cells with acquired resistance to 5-FU. We found that l-carnosine reduces colon cancer cell viability, decreases HIF-1α and multi-drug resistant protein MDR1-pg expression, and induces apoptosis. Moreover, the l-carnosine/5-FU combination lowers the expression of some chemoresistance markers. The combination index evaluated in vitro on the HT29-5FU cell line by median drug effect analysis reveals a significant synergistic effect.
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