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da Silva Martins T, Garcia KGV, da Silva YJAB, da Silva MG, Serpa SSE, Bezerra RA, Filho CDT, Cavalcante RM, Boechat CL, de Araujo Pereira AP, Escobar MEO. Contamination risk by heavy metals and enzymatic stoichiometry in agricultural soils under intense use of pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:805. [PMID: 39126537 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals (HM) from pesticides poses a serious environmental threat, affecting sustainability and agricultural productivity. Soil enzymes are essential for biochemical reactions such as organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling and are vital for maintaining soil health. However, the effects of HM on soil enzyme activity are not yet well understood. This study examined the impact of HM contamination on enzymatic stoichiometry in regions with intensive pesticide use. We selected flower cultivation areas with 5 years (CA1) and 10 years (CA2) of pesticide exposure and a native forest area (NFA) as a reference during the dry and rainy seasons. We measured Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn levels and employed ecological risk indices to assess contamination levels. We also analyzed enzyme activities (arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, urease) and enzymatic stoichiometry. CA2 exhibited the highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Mn in both periods, while Zn was highest in both CA1 and CA2. CA2 had higher values for all indices, indicating significant contamination. Compared with NFA, arylsulfatase activity was lower in cultivated areas during both periods, suggesting decreased soil quality. We found negative correlations between Cu, Mn, Zn, and arylsulfatase, as well as a reduction in urease with Cd; these elements also increased microbial C limitation. Our findings show that continuous pesticide input increases HM levels and that enzyme activity and stoichiometry are effective bioindicator of soil contamination. This study underscores the urgent need for guidelines to protect soils from prolonged HM buildup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais da Silva Martins
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-554, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sheilla Silva E Serpa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alves Bezerra
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-554, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cácio Luiz Boechat
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus, PI, 64900-000, Brazil
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Osuala FI, Humphrey OF, Igwo-Ezikpe MN, Udoh AG, Adegbuyi I, Fasasi M, Agada P, Jimoh A, Okubamowo O. Occurrence and seasonal variation of organochlorine pesticides in selected vegetable farmlands in Lagos State, Nigeria. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024013-0. [PMID: 39054827 PMCID: PMC11294668 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pest infestation in crop production have increased farmers' interest in pesticides use with short and long term consequences. This study investigated the occurrence and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetable farms in selected areas of Lagos State. Non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment was also evaluated. Soil samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons at soil depth of 0-30 cm. Gas chromatography coupled with an Agilent mass spectrometer was used to analyse organochlorine residues (alpha-lindane,lindane, delta.-lindane, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, alpha.-endosulfan, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), endrin, endosulfan, m,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (m,p'-DDD), endosulfan sulfate, o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT) and endrin ketone) in soil. Heptachlor epoxide showed maximum concentration of 43.03 mg/kg in Station 19 in Western zone during the dry season while m,p'-DDD and endosulfan had minimum value of 0.004 mg/kg in Station 2 and Station 5 respectively during the wet season in the Far eastern zone. The concentrations of organochlorine residues were intermediate in the Eastern zone in both seasons. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in dry season concentrations when compared to wet season. The risk assessment indicated Hazard Quotient (HQ) > 1 for non-cancer risk and cancer risk > 10-6. Thus a need for stringent monitoring programs for pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miriam Nwana Igwo-Ezikpe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Arnold Godfrey Udoh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa Adegbuyi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mojeed Fasasi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Precious Agada
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Azeemah Jimoh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Okubamowo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Taghavi M, Bakhshi K, Zarei A, Hoseinzadeh E, Gholizadeh A. Soil pollution indices and health risk assessment of metal(loid)s in the agricultural soil of pistachio orchards. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8971. [PMID: 38637594 PMCID: PMC11026477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of metal(loid)s in soil may pose potential threats to the ecosystem and can be harmful for human health. The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni were determined in agricultural soil collected from 45 pistachio orchards around Feizabad city, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran using ICP-OES. Also, soil pollution indices including contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were evaluated. In addition, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices were estimated. The mean concentrations of metal(loid)s were in the order of Ni = 466.256 > Cr = 120.848 > Pb = 12.009 > As = 5.486 > Cd = 0.394 mg/kg. Concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in the soil samples were within their respective permissible limits set by World Health Organization (WHO). But concentrations of Cr and Ni in 84.4 and 100% of the samples, respectively exceeded the WHO allowable limits. The CF, PLI and Igeo showed that soil of some of the pistachio orchards was contaminated with some metals. The possible sources of the metals in the soil are application of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, manures as well as irrigation water. Hazard quotient (HQ) ad Hazard index (HI) values from soil of all the orchards were found to be well below the respective threshold limit (1), suggesting that there is no immediate non-cancer threat arising from the contamination at all the orchards with metal(loid)s for children and adults. The highest cancer risk values (1.13E-02 for children and 1.25E-03 for adults) were estimated for Ni in the soil. Collectively, this study provides valuable information to improve the soil in the pistachio orchards to reduce metal(loid)s contamination and minimize the associated health risks to the population in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Taghavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Khadije Bakhshi
- School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Edris Hoseinzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Iran
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Majid S, Ahmad KS, Ashraf GA, Al-Qahtani WH. Mycoremediation of the novel fungicide ametoctradin by different agricultural soils and accelerated degradation utilizing selected fungal strains. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:233-247. [PMID: 38534106 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2331951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accelerating safety assessments for novel agrochemicals is imperative, advocating for in vitro setups to present pesticide biodegradation by soil microbiota before field studies. This approach enables metabolic profile generation in a controlled laboratory environment eliminating extrinsic factors. In the current study, ten different soil samples were utilized to check their capability to degrade Ametoctradin by their microbiota. Furthermore, five different fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Penicillium chrysogenum) were utilized to degrade Ametoctradin in aqueous media. A degradation pathway was established using the metabolic patterns created during the biodegradation of Ametoctradin. In contrast to 47% degradation (T1/2 of 34 days) when Ametoctradin was left in the soil samples, the fungal strain Aspergillus fumigatus demonstrated 71% degradation of parent Ametoctradin with a half-life (T1/2) of 16 days. In conclusion, soil rich in microorganisms effectively cleans Ametoctradin-contaminated areas while Fungi have also been shown to be an effective, affordable, and promising way to remove Ametoctradin from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Majid
- Materials and Environmental Chemistry Lab, Lab-E21, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Materials and Environmental Chemistry Lab, Lab-E21, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas Ashraf
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of food science and nutrition, College of food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kipgen L, Singha NA, Lyngdoh WJ, Nongdhar J, Singh AK. Degradation and metagenomic analysis of 4-chlorophenol utilizing multiple metal tolerant bacterial consortium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:56. [PMID: 38165520 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are persistent environmental pollutants used in synthesizing dyes, drugs, pesticides, and other industrial products. The chlorophenols released from these processes seriously threaten the environment and human health. The present study describes 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation activity and metagenome structure of a bacterial consortium enriched in a 4-CP-containing medium. The consortium utilized 4-CP as a single carbon source at a wide pH range, temperature, and in the presence of heavy metals. The immobilized consortium retained its degradation capacity for an extended period. The 4-aminoantipyrine colorimetric analysis revealed complete mineralization of 4-CP up to 200 mg/L concentration and followed the zero-order kinetics. The addition of glycerol and yeast extract enhanced the degradation efficiency. The consortium showed both ortho- and meta-cleavage activity of catechol dioxygenase. Whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis revealed the microbial compositions and functional genes related to xenobiotic degradation pathways. The identified genes were mapped on the KEGG database to construct the 4-CP degradation pathway. The results exhibited the high potential of the consortium for bioremediation of 4-CP contaminated sites. To our knowledge, this is the first report on WGS analysis of a 4-CP degrading bacterial consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lhinglamkim Kipgen
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Ningombam Anjana Singha
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Waniabha J Lyngdoh
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Jopthiaw Nongdhar
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India.
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Parveen A, Anjum M, Mahmood S, Nawaz R, Khalid A. Environmental implication and cancer risk assessment of residual pollutants in cotton crop: a case study of Multan District, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1100. [PMID: 37632590 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan is the fourth largest yarn producer in the world heavily that relies on cotton crop which receives a substantial 62% of all pesticide applications. The present study was conducted to quantify the levels of pesticides such as bifenthrin, spirotetramat, pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid, and diafenthiuron in soil and plants residue at selected cotton fields of Multan District, Pakistan. In addition to pesticides, the assessment of heavy metal concentration was also conducted in order to determine the overall risks that these compounds to both plants and human population. For this analysis, 20 soil samples and 10 plant samples were collected from 10 selected cotton fields. Pesticides and heavy metals in soil and plant samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. It was observed that all samples collected from selected fields contained pesticide residue in top soil (0-15 cm). However, no pesticides were detected in the lower soil layer (16-30 cm). In case of heavy metals, the highest concentration of Fe, Pb, and Mn was observed in both soil and plant residue samples. The heavy metals were found in the order of Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd in the soil. The total carcinogenic risk values for a few pesticides were found to range from 10-6 to 10-2, indicating that residents of the study area have low to higher chances of developing cancer. A positive correlation was observed among the pesticides (r = 0.18-0.95) as well as in metals related parameters (r = 0.49-0.96), where a weak negative correlation was found among metal to pesticide parameters except Pd where the maximum r value was 0.62. In general, the finding of this study encourages the development and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that lower the dependence on toxic pesticides and endorse environmentally friendly alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Parveen
- Environmental Sciences, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil Anjum
- Environmental Sciences, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Environmental Sciences, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Environmental Sciences, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Research and Instrumentation Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azeem Khalid
- Environmental Sciences, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
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Saran A, Much D, Vangronsveld J, Merini L. Phytomanagement of trace element polluted fields with aromatic plants: supporting circular bio-economies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:169-177. [PMID: 37486171 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2231554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements pollution of soils became a global concern because of their persistence in the environment which can lead to accumulation in food chains up to toxic levels. At the same time, there is a shortage of arable land for growing food, fodder and industrial crops, which highlights the need for remediation/use of polluted land. Restoration of degraded lands has been included as a vital component of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We summarize various sources of entry of important trace elements in the environment, available biological reclamation and management strategies and their limitations. Recent advances in phytomanagement approaches using aromatic crops to obtain economically valuable products such as essential oils and revalorize such polluted areas are reviewed. The worldwide application of this strategy in the last 10 years is illustrated through a choropleth map. Finally, the emerging concept of phytomanagement as a restorative and regenerative circular bio-economy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Saran
- CONICET, Agency of Scientific Investigation, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Diego Much
- CONICET, Agency of Scientific Investigation, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Luciano Merini
- CONICET, Agency of Scientific Investigation, La Pampa, Argentina
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Wu S, Li X, Fan H, Dong Y, Wang Y, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Engineering artificial microbial consortia based on division of labor promoted simultaneous removal of Cr(VI)-atrazine combined pollution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130221. [PMID: 36367470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combined pollution caused by organic pollutants and heavy metals is common in polluted sites and wastewater. Engineering artificial microbial consortia offers a promising approach to address this complex issue. However, the mutualistic interactions and the critical function of specific microbe within microbial consortia remain unclear. In this study, based on division of labor, we respectively co-cultured two Cr(VI)-reducing strains, Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus C1 and Pseudomonas putida C2, with an atrazine-degrading strain, Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens AT. After 5 days, up to 95 % Cr(VI) and 100 % atrazine were removed from the cocultures. Strain AT degraded nearly all atrazine and contributed only to a fraction of Cr(VI) reduction, whereas C1 promoted 41 % Cr(VI) transformation to Cr(III) fixed in cells, and C2 promoted 91 % Cr(VI) transformation to soluble Cr(III). Metabolic analyses of the cocultures and monocultures demonstrated that AT provided C1 with isopropylamine by passive diffusion and C2 with other effective nitrogen resources by cell-cell surface contact to promote their growth. Soil experiments also showed that treatments with AT and C2 achieved the highest Cr(VI) reduction and no atrazine residue. Our results indicate that engineering artificial microbial consortia based on division of labor and metabolic interactions is effective in promoting highly efficient bioremediation of combined pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xianglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haonan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuzhu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Nascimento S, Brucker N, Göethel G, Sauer E, Peruzzi C, Gauer B, Tureta E, Flesch I, Cestonaro L, Pierre TS, Gioda A, Garcia SC. Children Environmentally Exposed to Agrochemicals in Rural Areas Present Changes in Oxidative Status and DNA Damage. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3511-3518. [PMID: 34668114 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rural children are exposed to several chemicals. This study evaluated the environmental co-exposure of rural children to cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides and metals/metalloids, and the resulting oxidative stress and DNA damage. Seventy-two children (5 to 16 years old) were studied at two different moments: period 1, when agrochemicals were less used, and period 2, when agrochemicals were extensively used in agriculture. Biomonitoring was performed by evaluating butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in serum; arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) levels in blood; malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in whole blood; non-protein thiol levels in erythrocytes; and micronuclei (MN) assay in exfoliated buccal cells. Cr and As levels were higher than the reference values in both periods, and Ni levels were higher than the reference values in period 2 alone. BuChE activity was inhibited in period 2 compared with period 1. In period 2, there was an increase in endogenous antioxidants and a decrease in MDA, probably demonstrating a compensatory mechanism as a response to increasing xenobiotics. Also in period 2, the MN frequency increased and BuChE and As were positively associated, suggesting co-exposure. On the other hand, in period 1, it was observed that Cr, Ni, and Pb blood levels were negatively associated with GSH-Px and GST, while MDA was positively associated with As levels. Our findings demonstrated an imbalance in endogenous antioxidants, contributing to genotoxicity and lipoperoxidation, probably in response to exposure to xenobiotics, especially carcinogenic elements (Cr, As, and Ni).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peruzzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Tureta
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Flesch
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cestonaro
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Saint' Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio de Janeiro, (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio de Janeiro, (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua São Luis 150-Anexo II, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Tan SN, Mohd Yusof ML, Ghosh S, Lam YM. Assessment of heavy metal and metalloid levels and screening potential of tropical plant species for phytoremediation in Singapore. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118681. [PMID: 34933060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal or metalloid contamination is a common problem in soils of urban environments. Their introduction can be due to unpremeditated anthropogenic activities like atmospheric deposition produced by diffuse sources, construction activities and landscape maintenance. Phytoremediation is a rapidly evolving, sustainable approach to remediate the contaminated lands where metals and metalloids are highly persistent in the environment. The present work sets out to determine the level of 12 heavy metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn) in soil and their accumulation by plant foliage found in nature parks and industrial sites in Singapore. The latter also involve the investigation of the remediation capacity of selected tropical plant species found at the sampling sites. The study is done using digestion and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Eleven soil sampling sites across Singapore with 300 sampling points were selected, where soil (0-10 cm) and plant foliage samples were collected. Bioconcentration factors were determined to assess the phytoremediation potential of the collected plant species. Toxicity risk of heavy metals were assessed by comparing the target and intervention values from the soil quality guidelines by the Dutch Standard. Results of the study revealed there were regions where levels of heavy metals and metalloids were relatively high and could affect the environment and the health of flora and fauna in Singapore. Our study discovered that there were available tropical plant species (e.g., wildflowers, ferns and shrubs) which could potentially play a significant role in the remediation of contaminated lands that could open up a huge possibility of developing a sustainable and environmentally-friendly way of managing this emerging urban problem. Results showed that 12 plant species, including hyperaccumulator like Pteris vittata, Centella asiatica, were effective for the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Swee Ngin Tan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | | | - Subhadip Ghosh
- Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, 259569, Singapore; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Jeanrenaud ACSN, Brooke BD, Oliver SV. Second generation effects of larval metal pollutant exposure on reproduction, longevity and insecticide tolerance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:4. [PMID: 31910892 PMCID: PMC6947826 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex breed in clean, sunlit temporary bodies of water. Anthropogenic pollution is, however, altering the breeding sites of the vectors with numerous biological effects. Although the effects of larval metal pollution have previously been examined, this study aims to assess the transgenerational effects of larval metal pollution on the major malaria vector An. arabiensis. Methods Two laboratory strains of An. arabiensis, SENN (insecticide-susceptible) and SENN-DDT (insecticide-resistant), were used in this study. After being bred in water polluted with either cadmium chloride, copper nitrate or lead nitrate, several life history characteristics that can have epidemiological implications (fertility, apoptotic damage to reproductive structures, adult longevity and insecticide tolerance) were examined in the adults and compared to those of adults bred in clean water. Results All metal treatments reduced fecundity in SENN, but only lead treatment reduced fertility in SENN-DDT. Cadmium chloride exposure resulted in apoptosis and deformation of the testes in both strains. After breeding generation F0 in polluted water, F1 larvae bred in clean water showed an increase in longevity in SENN-DDT adult females. In contrast, after breeding the F0 generation in polluted water, longevity was reduced after cadmium and copper exposure in the F1 generation. Larval metal exposure resulted in an increase in insecticide tolerance in adults of the SENN strain, with SENN-DDT adults gaining the greatest fold increase in insecticide tolerance. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a single exposure to metal pollution can have transgenerational effects that are not negated by subsequent breeding in clean water. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C S N Jeanrenaud
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, MRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research on Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Basil D Brooke
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, MRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research on Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shüné V Oliver
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, MRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research on Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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12
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Ali S, Ullah MI, Saeed MF, Khalid S, Saqib M, Arshad M, Afzal M, Damalas CA. Heavy metal exposure through artificial diet reduces growth and survival of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14426-14434. [PMID: 30868456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect physiology is affected by the presence of toxins in the surrounding environment of insects as well as their food sources. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of heavy metal exposure to two low concentrations (50 μg/g and 150 μg/g) of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) through artificial diet to the larvae on biological parameters of Asian armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Both Pb and Zn, even at low concentrations, had relatively high toxic effects on S. litura larvae (P < 0.01). S. litura larval weight and length suffered the maximum reduction when the larvae were fed on diet mixed with the high Pb concentration (150 μg/g) tested compared to the other treatments. At the same Pb concentration (150 μg/g), values of larva growth index, pupa growth index, immature growth index, standardized growth index, and fitness index were 4.66, 7.33, 7.82, 5.35, and 10.00 times lower, respectively, than those of control. At the same Zn concentration (150 μg/g), values of larval growth index, pupal growth index, immature growth index, standardized growth index, and fitness index were 5.61, 3.00, 3.04, 3.23, and 9.24 times lower, respectively, than those of control. The survival rate of S. litura larvae was also lower (12.5%) when the larvae were fed on diet mixed with Pb at 150 μg/g after 10 days of observation. Overall, the presence of those heavy metals in the environment, even at low concentrations, would exert an adverse impact on larvae development of this insect. From this point of view, findings could provide a basis for long-term evaluation of heavy metal risk and its impact on populations of important agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ali
- Department of Entomology, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Ullah
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Samina Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Christos A Damalas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece.
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13
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Singh J, Mumford SL, Pollack AZ, Schisterman EF, Weisskopf MG, Navas-Acien A, Kioumourtzoglou MA. Tampon use, environmental chemicals and oxidative stress in the BioCycle study. Environ Health 2019; 18:11. [PMID: 30744632 PMCID: PMC6371574 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tampons are used by up to 86% of US women and are a rarely considered potential source of pesticide and metal exposure. Tampons may be of particular concern given the likely higher absorption that occurs in the vagina. Our objective was to examine the potential associations between tampon use and metal concentrations, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among healthy women. METHODS We used information from a prospective cohort of 259 regularly menstruating women, aged 18-44, followed for two menstrual cycles. Tampon use was assessed using information provided in participant study diaries. Metal concentrations were measured from a blood sample collected at enrollment. Oxidative stress and inflammation biomarker concentrations were determined from blood samples collected at up to 8 clinic visits for each cycle. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations of tampon use with metal exposure, and linear mixed models to estimate associations of tampon use with inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers at different times during the menstrual cycle. RESULTS We observed non-significantly higher mean levels of mercury for tampon users compared to non-tampon users (exp(β) = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.68). We found no evidence of an association between tampon use and inflammation biomarkers. We observed consistently higher isoprostane levels, an oxidative stress biomarker, among tampon users compared to non-tampon users (e.g. exp.(β) = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.96, 1.16, for the average isoprostane during the menstruating week); however, these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS While our results are not statistically significant, we observed suggestive associations between tampon use and elevated levels of mercury and oxidative stress biomarkers. Although our finding should be interpreted in light of our limitations, they indicate that tampons may be a source of exposure to metals and chemicals that have been largely ignored, and any related health effects are an important public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Z Pollack
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Tadesse AW, Gereslassie T, Xu Q, Tang X, Wang J. Concentrations, Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils from Wuhan, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122873. [PMID: 30558229 PMCID: PMC6313746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentration levels, potential sources and ecological risks of eleven trace elements, namely Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Cd, Zn, Hg and Pb, in the soil from Huangpi district, Wuhan, Central China. Soil samples were collected from eighteen sites at soil depths of 1–10 and 10–20 cm and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer ICP-MS (Thermo X SERIES 2, Scientific and Innovative Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China). The recorded mean concentration of the elements were in a decreasing order of Fe > Co > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Sb > Zn > Hg. The mean concentration of trace elements, soil pH and total organic carbon (TOC) were higher at a soil depth of 1–10 cm. The obtained mean concentration of Cr, Co, As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Hg and Pb were above the soil background values of Wuhan and Hubei Province. The mean concentration values of Co, Ni and Cd, exceeded the recommended FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)/ISRIC (International Soil Reference and Information Centre) (2004) and WHO/FAO (2001) values. Pearson’s correlation analysis illustrated that there was a strong and significant correlation between trace elements, whereas, a weak positive and negative correlation between elements and soil properties (pH and TOC). The principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) result indicated that the concentration of trace elements in Huangpi soil were originated from anthropogenic sources. Potential ecological risk index (RI) of this study revealed that there is a high ecological risk of trace elements in the soil. Enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of trace elements for this study indicated that the study area is strongly contaminated with Cd and Co. Generally, the finding of this research showed that Huangpi soil is contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ababo Workineh Tadesse
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tekleweini Gereslassie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of management engineering, Shangrao Vocational and Technical College, Shangrao 334109, China.
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Wuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan Foreign Languages School, Wuhan, 430022 China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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Wajdzik M, Halecki W, Kalarus K, Gąsiorek M, Pająk M. Relationship between heavy metal accumulation and morphometric parameters in European hare (Lepus europaeus) inhabiting various types of landscapes in southern Poland. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:16-23. [PMID: 28692911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of hazardous substances in the environment, studies of pollutant accumulation in wild living animals are needed. Studies dealing with heavy metal contamination in mammals usually focus on a single organ. We investigated accumulation of heavy metals as well as iron in European hare (Lepus europaeus) living in southern Poland, Małopolska Province. Hares were captured during the hunting season. We tested metal accumulation in 14 organs and tissues using 35 individuals with known body weight and sex inhabiting agricultural, industrial and other types of landscapes. To obtain deeper insight into contamination patterns, we used accumulation data from the liver since it is the most frequently investigated organ and prone to pollution accumulation. Based on the data obtained for the liver, we tested the impact of metal pollution on hare morphology, including body length and several skull cranimetric parameters. Metals content differed between organs. Moreover, individuals from industrial areas had higher Cd content in their body. We distinguished two groups of elements: the first group, Cd, Fe and Zn, revealed the highest toxic effect in the liver and kidneys; the second group, Cr, Ni, and Pb, accumulated primarily in the brain. Hares inhabiting industrial areas had higher concentration of Cd and Pb, and lower levels of Cr and Fe in their liver in comparison with those from agricultural and forest habitats. Heavy metals had an effect on body length that was negatively associated with Cr levels. Skull diastema length was associated positively with accumulation of Cd and Pb. We showed that hare organs and tissues could be used as bioindicators of environmental pollution by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wajdzik
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture, Al. 29-Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktor Halecki
- Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Michał Gąsiorek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Pająk
- Department of Forest Ecology and Reclamation, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
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16
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Skiba E, Kobyłecka J, Wolf WM. Influence of 2,4-D and MCPA herbicides on uptake and translocation of heavy metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:882-890. [PMID: 27836479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on the uptake and translocation of Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two farmland soils typical for the central Polish rural environment were used. Studies involved soil analyses, contents of bioavailable, exchangeable and total forms for all investigated metals. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of the elements. The best correlation between the herbicide rate and the metal concentration was visibly for the underground part of plants. Analysis of variance proved that herbicide treatment of wheat frequently influences the metal transfer from soil and their concentration in roots and shoots. In particular, higher herbicide rates prompted the significant increase of all metals concentration in roots. Additionally, transfer coefficients depended on the type of soil and the herbicide rate applied. Uptake of metals may be also influenced by the formation of sparingly water-soluble metal-herbicide complexes. Its intensity would then depend on the solubility of particular chemical entity with the low solvable Pb, Cu and Cd complexes being the least mobile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Skiba
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kobyłecka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Rafique N, Tariq SR. Distribution and source apportionment studies of heavy metals in soil of cotton/wheat fields. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:309. [PMID: 27115422 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals enriched agricultural soils have been the subject of great concern because these metals have potential to be transferred to the soil solution and afterward accumulated in food chain. To study the trace metal persistence in crop soil, 90 representative soil samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and anions (chloride, nitrates, phosphates and sulfates). Cluster and factor analysis techniques were used for the source identification of these excessive heavy metal levels and ecological risk was determined with potential ecological risk assessment. The degree of enrichment of eight studied heavy metals in comparison with the corresponding background levels decreased in order: Cd > Pb > Fe > Ni > Mn > As > Cu ~ Zn. Arsenic and cadmium exhibited 1.30- and 1.64-fold exceeded levels than threshold limits set by National environment quality standards, respectively. Cd in cotton field's soil may lead to higher potential risk than other heavy metals. On overall basis, the cumulative mean potential ecological risk for the district (207.75) corresponded to moderate risk level with higher contributions from As and Pb especially from Cd. Cadmium formed strong positive correlation with phosphate content of soil at p < 0.01. Cluster analysis indicated that Cluster 1 (extremely polluted) probably originated from anthropogenic inputs of phosphate fertilizer and past usage of arsenical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Rafique
- Ecotoxicology Research Institute, Department of Plant and Environment Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saadia R Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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