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Uemichi K, Shirai T, Takemasa T. Combined effects of functional overload and denervation on skeletal muscle mass and its regulatory proteins in mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15689. [PMID: 37161590 PMCID: PMC10169777 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly pliable tissue and various adaptations such as muscle hypertrophy or atrophy are induced by overloading or disuse, respectively. However, the combined effect of overloading and disuse on the quantitative adaptation of skeletal muscle is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined stimuli of overloading and disuse on mouse skeletal muscle mass and the expression of regulatory factors for muscle protein anabolism or catabolism. Male mice from the Institute Cancer Research were subjected to denervation concomitant with unilateral functional overload or functional overload concomitant with unilateral denervation. Disuse and functional overload were induced by sciatic nerve transection (denervation) and synergist ablation, respectively, and the plantaris muscle was harvested 14 days after the operation. Our results showed that denervation attenuated functional overload-induced muscle hypertrophy and functional overload partially ameliorated the denervation-induced muscle atrophy. P70S6K phosphorylation, an indicator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, was not increased by unilateral functional overload in denervated muscles or by unilateral denervation in functional overloaded muscles. Denervation did not affect the increase of LC3-II, a marker of autophagy activation, and ubiquitinated protein expression upon unilateral functional overload. Also, functional overload did not affect ubiquitinated protein expression during unilateral denervation. Thus, our findings suggest that functional overload-induced muscle hypertrophy or denervation-induced muscle atrophy was attenuated by the combined stimuli of overload and denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Uemichi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takanaga Shirai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Fujimaki S, Ono Y. Murine Models of Tenotomy-Induced Mechanical Overloading and Tail-Suspension-Induced Mechanical Unloading. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:207-215. [PMID: 36995597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that can alter its mass and strength in response to mechanical stimulation, such as overloading and unloading, which lead to muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, respectively. Mechanical loading in the muscle influences muscle stem cell dynamics, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Although experimental models of mechanical overloading and unloading have been widely used for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle plasticity and stem cell function, few studies have described the methods in detail. Here, we describe the appropriate procedures for tenotomy-induced mechanical overloading and tail-suspension-induced mechanical unloading, which are the most common and simple methods to induce muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:383. [PMID: 36446784 PMCID: PMC9709153 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been known as an essential element to promote human health for centuries. Thus, exercise intervention is encouraged to battle against sedentary lifestyle. Recent rapid advances in molecular biotechnology have demonstrated that both endurance and resistance exercise training, two traditional types of exercise, trigger a series of physiological responses, unraveling the mechanisms of exercise regulating on the human body. Therefore, exercise has been expected as a candidate approach of alleviating a wide range of diseases, such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the capacity of exercise to promote tissue regeneration has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. Since most adult human organs have a weak regenerative capacity, it is currently a key challenge in regenerative medicine to improve the efficiency of tissue regeneration. As research progresses, exercise-induced tissue regeneration seems to provide a novel approach for fighting against injury or senescence, establishing strong theoretical basis for more and more "exercise mimetics." These drugs are acting as the pharmaceutical alternatives of those individuals who cannot experience the benefits of exercise. Here, we comprehensively provide a description of the benefits of exercise on tissue regeneration in diverse organs, mainly focusing on musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. We also discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the regenerative effects of exercise and emerging therapeutic exercise mimetics for regeneration, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges. We aim to describe an integrated perspective on the current advances of distinct physiological mechanisms associated with exercise-induced tissue regeneration on various organs and facilitate the development of drugs that mimics the benefits of exercise.
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Fu S, Lin X, Yin L, Wang X. Androgen receptor regulates the proliferation of myoblasts under appropriate or excessive stretch through IGF-1 receptor mediated p38 and ERK1/2 pathways. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:85. [PMID: 34526063 PMCID: PMC8444398 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen receptor (AR) exerts important roles in exercise-induced alterations of muscle mass, in which the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells or myoblasts are crucial. Our previous study in C2C12 myoblasts demonstrated that 15% (mimic appropriate exercise) and 20% (mimic excessive exercise) stretches promoted and inhibited the proliferation respectively; and AR played a crucial role in 15% stretch-induced pro-proliferation through IGF-1-modulated PI3K/Akt, p38 and ERK1/2 pathways, but AR’s role in stretches-modulated proliferation of general myoblasts, especially 20% stretch, remains unclear, and the mechanisms need to be further clarified. Methods Firstly, the discrepancy in proliferation and the above indicators between L6 (without AR) and C2C12 (with AR) myoblasts were compared under 15% or 20% stretch. Then the influences of transfection AR or exogenous IGF-1 treatment on proliferation and these indicators were detected in stretched L6 myoblasts. Results (1) Under un-stretched state, the proliferation of L6 was slower than C2C12 cells. Furthermore, AR knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts repressed, while AR overexpression in L6 myoblasts promoted the proliferation. (2) 15% stretch-induced increases in the proliferation and activities of p38 and ERK1/2 were lower in L6 than C2C12 cells; AR overexpression enhanced the proliferation of 15% stretched L6 cells accompanied with the increases of p38 and ERK1/2 activities. (3) 20% stretch-induced anti-proliferation and inhibition of p38 activity were severer in L6 than C2C12 myoblasts; AR overexpression reversed the anti-proliferation of 20% stretch and enhanced p38 activity in L6 myoblasts. (4) In stretched L6 myoblasts, AR overexpression increased IGF-1R level despite no detectable IGF-1; and recombinant IGF-1 increased the proliferation, the level of IGF-1R, and the activities of p38 and ERK1/2 in 15% stretched L6 myoblasts. Conclusions The study demonstrated AR's crucial roles in stretches-regulated proliferation of myoblasts, and increased AR fulfilled 15% stretch's pro-proliferation via activating IGF-1R- p38 and ERK1/2 pathways while decreased AR achieved 20% stretch's anti-proliferation via inhibiting IGF-1R- p38 pathway, which is useful to understand in depth the role and mechanisms of AR in appropriate exercise increasing while excessive exercise decreasing muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Fu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Kinesiology, College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Chen Z, Li L, Wu W, Liu Z, Huang Y, Yang L, Luo Q, Chen J, Hou Y, Song G. Exercise protects proliferative muscle satellite cells against exhaustion via the Igfbp7-Akt-mTOR axis. Theranostics 2020; 10:6448-6466. [PMID: 32483463 PMCID: PMC7255041 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The exhaustion of muscle satellite cells (SCs) is correlated with muscle diseases, including sarcopenia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Exercise benefits skeletal muscle homeostasis and promotes proliferation of SCs. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the muscle function-improving effect of exercise has important implications in regenerative medicine. Methods: Herein, we investigated the effect of 4-week treadmill training on skeletal muscle and SCs in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was utilized to detect the morphometry of skeletal muscles. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were conducted to analyze the abundance and cell cycle of SCs. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the transcriptional regulatory network of SCs. The ChIP-PCR assay was used to detect enrichment of H3K27ac at the promoters of Akt. Results: We observed that exercise resulted in muscle hypertrophy and improved muscle regeneration in mice. Unexpectedly, exercise promoted cell cycling but suppressed the Akt-mTOR pathway in SCs. Proliferative SCs in "exercised mice" required suppressed mTOR activity to limit mitochondrial metabolism, maintaining the "limited activation status" of SCs against exhaustion. Mechanistically, exercise upregulated the expression of Igfbp7, thereby impeding the phosphorylation of Akt and resulting in inhibited mTOR activity and limited mitochondrial metabolism. The limited mitochondrial metabolism resulted in hypoacetylation of histone 3 and reduced enrichment of H3K27ac at promoters of Akt, decreasing the transcription of Akt. Moreover, repeatedly injured mice showed a preserved SC pool and improved muscle regeneration by the suppression of Akt-mTOR signaling. Conclusions: The findings of our study show that exercise protects proliferative SCs against exhaustion via the Igfbp7-Akt-mTOR axis. These findings establish a link between mechanical signaling, mitochondrial metabolism, epigenetic modification, and stem cell fate decisions; thus, present potential therapeutic targets for muscle diseases correlated with SC exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiru Wu
- Clinical hematology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongxiu Huang
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Fukada SI, Akimoto T, Sotiropoulos A. Role of damage and management in muscle hypertrophy: Different behaviors of muscle stem cells in regeneration and hypertrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118742. [PMID: 32417255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue with two unique abilities; one is its excellent regenerative ability, due to the activity of skeletal muscle-resident stem cells named muscle satellite cells (MuSCs); and the other is the adaptation of myofiber size in response to external stimulation, intrinsic factors, or physical activity, which is known as plasticity. Low physical activity and some disease conditions lead to the reduction of myofiber size, called atrophy, whereas hypertrophy refers to the increase in myofiber size induced by high physical activity or anabolic hormones/drugs. MuSCs are essential for generating new myofibers during regeneration and the increase in new myonuclei during hypertrophy; however, there has been little investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying MuSC activation, proliferation, and differentiation during hypertrophy compared to those of regeneration. One reason is that 'degenerative damage' to myofibers during muscle injury or upon hypertrophy (especially overloaded muscle) is believed to trigger similar activation/proliferation of MuSCs. However, evidence suggests that degenerative damage of myofibers is not necessary for MuSC activation/proliferation during hypertrophy. When considering MuSC-based therapy for atrophy, including sarcopenia, it will be indispensable to elucidate MuSC behaviors in muscles that exhibit non-degenerative damage, because degenerated myofibers are not present in the atrophied muscles. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the relationship between MuSCs and hypertrophy, and discuss what remains to be discovered to inform the development and application of relevant treatments for muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ichiro Fukada
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Athanassia Sotiropoulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
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Bond MM, Lloyd R, Braun RA, Eldridge JA. Measurement of Strength Gains Using a Fascial System Exercise Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2019; 12:825-838. [PMID: 31523342 PMCID: PMC6719817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current fascia research is allowing for an interdisciplinary understanding of the body's anatomical, biomechanical, and neurological connectivity via the fascial network. Fascial research and its application has been validated and established in various clinical areas of research. The purpose of this study was to apply the current knowledge of the fascial system to general exercise protocols. This study involved 20 women, ages 30-60 years, who were novice weight trainers, mostly sedentary, and with no injuries, excessive pain or disease. The 10-week study compared strength gain changes between a strength training regimen control group (10) and a treatment group (10) with the same strength routine along with a fascial system exercise protocol. Statistical analysis was completed using a repeated measure design to determine differences between baseline and final measures of strength between groups. The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between treatment and control groups between pre and post trials. The analysis did find significant differences in strength across trials for both groups in the variables of leg press (Treatment =+62 lbs., Control = +67 lbs.), leg extension (Treatment =+61 lbs., Control = +45.5 lbs.), and chest press (Treatment =+19.5 lbs., Control = +16.5 lbs.). These results may be attributed to the control group receiving sufficient stimulus to the fascial system to produce similar results to that of the treatment group or due to training time was not sufficient to elicit an effect of the fascial training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Bond
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Richard Lloyd
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Robyn A Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - James A Eldridge
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
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Vajanthri KY, Sidu RK, Poddar S, Singh AK, Mahto SK. Combined substrate micropatterning and FFT analysis reveals myotube size control and alignment by contact guidance. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:269-285. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Yellappa Vajanthri
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sidu
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Suruchi Poddar
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- School of Biochemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
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Fu S, Yin L, Lin X, Lu J, Wang X. Effects of Cyclic Mechanical Stretch on the Proliferation of L6 Myoblasts and Its Mechanisms: PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signal Pathways Regulated by IGF-1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061649. [PMID: 29865254 PMCID: PMC6032393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast proliferation is crucial to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. Our previous study indicated that mechanical stretch altered the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, associated with insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways through IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). The purpose of this study was to explore the same stretches on the proliferation of L6 myoblasts and its association with IGF-1-regulated PI3K/Akt and MAPK activations. L6 myoblasts were divided into three groups: control, 15% stretch, and 20% stretch. Stretches were achieved using FlexCell Strain Unit. Cell proliferation and IGF-1 concentration were detected by CCK8 and ELISA, respectively. IGF-1R expression, and expressions and activities of PI3K, Akt, and MAPKs (including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38) were determined by Western blot. We found that 15% stretch promoted, while 20% stretch inhibited L6 myoblast proliferation. A 15% stretch increased IGF-1R level, although had no effect on IGF-1 secretion of L6 myoblasts, and PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 (not p38) inhibitors attenuated 15% stretch-induced pro-proliferation. Exogenous IGF-1 reversed 20% stretch-induced anti-proliferation, accompanied with increases in IGF-1R level as well as PI3K/Akt and MAPK (ERK1/2 and p38) activations. In conclusion, stretch regulated L6 myoblasts proliferation, which may be mediated by the changes in PI3K/Akt and MAPK activations regulated by IGF-1R, despite no detectable IGF-1 from stretched L6 myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Diabetes-Induced Dysfunction of Mitochondria and Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle and the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102147. [PMID: 29036909 PMCID: PMC5666829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases spread all over the world, which results in hyperglycemia caused by the breakdown of insulin secretion or insulin action or both. Diabetes has been reported to disrupt the functions and dynamics of mitochondria, which play a fundamental role in regulating metabolic pathways and are crucial to maintain appropriate energy balance. Similar to mitochondria, the functions and the abilities of stem cells are attenuated under diabetic condition in several tissues. In recent years, several studies have suggested that the regulation of mitochondria functions and dynamics is critical for the precise differentiation of stem cells. Importantly, physical exercise is very useful for preventing the diabetic alteration by improving the functions of both mitochondria and stem cells. In the present review, we provide an overview of the diabetic alterations of mitochondria and stem cells and the preventive effects of physical exercise on diabetes, focused on skeletal muscle and the nervous system. We propose physical exercise as a countermeasure for the dysfunction of mitochondria and stem cells in several target tissues under diabetes complication and to improve the physiological function of patients with diabetes, resulting in their quality of life being maintained.
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11
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McMillin SL, Schmidt DL, Kahn BB, Witczak CA. GLUT4 Is Not Necessary for Overload-Induced Glucose Uptake or Hypertrophic Growth in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2017; 66:1491-1500. [PMID: 28279980 PMCID: PMC5440020 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GLUT4 is necessary for acute insulin- and contraction-induced skeletal muscle glucose uptake, but its role in chronic muscle loading (overload)-induced glucose uptake is unknown. Our goal was to determine whether GLUT4 is required for overload-induced glucose uptake. Overload was induced in mouse plantaris muscle by unilateral synergist ablation. After 5 days, muscle weights and ex vivo [3H]-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake were assessed. Overload-induced muscle glucose uptake and hypertrophic growth were not impaired in muscle-specific GLUT4 knockout mice, demonstrating that GLUT4 is not necessary for these processes. To assess which transporters mediate overload-induced glucose uptake, chemical inhibitors were used. The facilitative GLUT inhibitor cytochalasin B, but not the sodium-dependent glucose cotransport inhibitor phloridzin, prevented overload-induced uptake demonstrating that GLUTs mediate this effect. To assess which GLUT, hexose competition experiments were performed. Overload-induced [3H]-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake was not inhibited by d-fructose, demonstrating that the fructose-transporting GLUT2, GLUT5, GLUT8, and GLUT12 do not mediate this effect. To assess additional GLUTs, immunoblots were performed. Overload increased GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6, and GLUT10 protein levels twofold to fivefold. Collectively, these results demonstrate that GLUT4 is not necessary for overload-induced muscle glucose uptake or hypertrophic growth and suggest that GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6, and/or GLUT10 mediate overload-induced glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna L McMillin
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Denise L Schmidt
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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12
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Li H, Ma Y, Xu W, Chen H, Day L. MFG-E8 protein promotes C2C12myogenic differentiation by enhancing PI3K/Akt signaling. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of MFG-E8 on C2C12cell differentiation was analysed by immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Weili Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Li Day
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
- AgResearch Limited
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13
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Furrer R, Handschin C. Optimized Engagement of Macrophages and Satellite Cells in the Repair and Regeneration of Exercised Muscle. RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72790-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Fujimaki S, Wakabayashi T, Asashima M, Takemasa T, Kuwabara T. Treadmill running induces satellite cell activation in diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:6-13. [PMID: 28955935 PMCID: PMC5613654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells, termed as satellite cells, play essential roles in regeneration after muscle injury in adult skeletal muscle. Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most common metabolic diseases, causes impairments of satellite cell function. However, the studies of the countermeasures for the DM-induced dysfunction of satellite cells have been poor. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic running exercise on satellite cell activation in diabetic mice focused on the molecular mechanism including Notch and Wnt signaling, which are contribute to the fate determination of satellite cells. Male C57BL/6 mice 4 weeks of age were injected with streptozotocin and were randomly divided into runner group and control group. Runner group mice were performed treadmill running for 4 weeks. DM attenuated satellite cell activation and the expressions of the components of Notch and Wnt signaling. However, chronic running resulted in activation of satellite cells in diabetic mice and salvaged the inactivity of Wnt signaling but not Notch signaling. Our results suggest that chronic running induces satellite cell activation via upregulation of Wnt signaling in diabetic as well as normal mice. Diabetes attenuates satellite cell activation. Diabetes downregulates the activities of Notch and Wnt signaling. Treadmill running activates satellite cells in diabetic mice. Treadmill running can salvage diabetes-induced downregulation of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Tamami Wakabayashi
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Tomoko Kuwabara
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Corresponding authors.
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