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Xiao HH, Zhang FR, Li S, Guo FF, Hou JL, Wang SC, Yu J, Li XY, Yang HJ. Xinshubao tablet rescues cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of vascular dementia: Involvement of neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116219. [PMID: 38310654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) represents a severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome closed linked to cardiovascular function. In the present study, we assessed the potential of Xinshubao tablet (XSB), a traditional Chinese prescription widely used for cardiovascular diseases, to mitigate neuropathological damage in a mouse model of VaD and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that oral administration of XSB rescued the cardiac dysfunction resulting from bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), improved the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function, reduced white matter injury, inhibited excessive microglial and astrocytic activation, stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduced neural apoptosis in the brains of BCAS mice. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis indicated that XSB treatment was significantly associated with neuroinflammation, vasculature development, and synaptic transmission, which were further confirmed by q-PCR assays. Western blot results revealed that XSB treatment hindered the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), thereby suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results collectively demonstrated that XSB could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction caused by BCAS through regulating CBF, reducing white matter lesions, suppressing glial activation, promoting neurogenesis, and mitigating neuroinflammation. Notably, the NF-κB signaling pathway emerged as a pivotal player in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-He Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 363099, China
| | - Feng-Rong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fei-Fei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-Li Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shi-Cong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 363099, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 363099, China.
| | - Xian-Yu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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2
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Rohwer N, Jelleschitz J, Höhn A, Weber D, Kühl AA, Wang C, Ohno RI, Kampschulte N, Pietzner A, Schebb NH, Weylandt KH, Grune T. Prevention of colitis-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation in a transgenic mouse model with increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102803. [PMID: 37392516 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated gut dysfunction, which might also be associated with an inflammatory phenotype in the liver. It is known that the nutritional intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) is inversely correlated to the severity and occurrence of IBD. In order to investigate whether n-3 PUFA can also reduce liver inflammation and oxidative liver damage due to colon inflammation, we explored the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in wild-type and fat-1 mice with endogenously increased n-3 PUFA tissue content. Besides confirming previous data of alleviated DSS-induced colitis in the fat-1 mouse model, the increase of n-3 PUFA also resulted in a significant reduction of liver inflammation and oxidative damage in colitis-affected fat-1 mice as compared to wild-type littermates. This was accompanied by a remarkable increase of established inflammation-dampening n-3 PUFA oxylipins, namely docosahexaenoic acid-derived 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-derived 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid and 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Taken together, these observations demonstrate a strong inverse correlation between the anti-inflammatory lipidome derived from n-3 PUFA and the colitis-triggered inflammatory changes in the liver by reducing oxidative liver stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rohwer
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Julia Jelleschitz
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin-Immunopathology for Experimental Models, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chaoxuan Wang
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rei-Ichi Ohno
- University of Wuppertal, Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- University of Wuppertal, Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- University of Wuppertal, Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karsten-H Weylandt
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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Cho H, Jo M, Oh H, Lee Y, Park Y. Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and probiotics through the brain-gut axis in rats exposed to chronic mild stress. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109326. [PMID: 36963732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and probiotics have antidepressant-like effects, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that n-3 PUFA combined with live and dead probiotics synergistically improves depression by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonergic pathways through the brain-gut axis. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8/group): non-chronic mild stress (CMS) with n-6 PUFA, CMS with n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, live probiotics, dead probiotics, n-3 PUFA and live probiotics, and n-3 PUFA and dead probiotics. Diets of n-6 and n-3 PUFA and oral supplementation of live and dead probiotics were provided for 12 weeks, and CMS was performed for the last 5 weeks. N-3 PUFA and probiotics improved depressive behaviors and modulated the brain and gut HPA axis by synergistically increasing glucocorticoid receptor expression and decreasing corticotropin-releasing factor expression and blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone. N-3 PUFA and probiotics upregulated the brain serotonergic pathway through serotonin levels and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated cAMP response binding protein, and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor while downregulating the gut serotonergic pathway. Furthermore, n-3 PUFA and probiotics increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, brain and gut short chain fatty acid levels, and occludin expression while decreasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E2 and blood lipopolysaccharides levels. There was no significant difference between the live and dead probiotics. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA and probiotics had synergistic antidepressant-like effects on the HPA axis and serotonergic pathways of the brain and gut through the brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Miyea Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Haemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yunjung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Intrieri M, Saso L, Scapagnini G, Kang JX. Targeting NRF2-KEAP1 axis by Omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives: Emerging opportunities against aging and diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:736-750. [PMID: 36402440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 and its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1 play a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes. Therefore, activation of NRF2 provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies, including age-related diseases. An age-associated loss of NRF2 function may be a key driving force behind the aging phenotype. Recently, numerous NRF2 inducers have been identified and some of them are promising candidates to restore NRF2 transcriptional activity during aging. Emerging evidence indicates that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their electrophilic derivatives may trigger a protective response via NRF2 activation, rescuing or maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the NRF2-KEAP1 system and its dysregulation in aging cells. We also summarize current studies on the modulatory role of n-3 PUFAs as potential agents to prevent multiple chronic diseases and restore the age-related impairment of NRF2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Jiao J. The relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and telomere: A review on proposed nutritional treatment against metabolic syndrome and potential signaling pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4457-4476. [PMID: 36330807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities composed of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, glucose disturbances, hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia, has increasingly become a public health problem in the 21st century worldwide. The dysfunction of telomeres, the repetitive DNA with highly conserved sequences (5'-TTAGGG-3'), is remarkably correlated with organismal aging, even suggesting a causal relationship with metabolic disorders. The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple disorders are associated with telomere length in evidence, which have recently drawn wide attention. However, functional targets and pathways for the associations of n-3 PUFAs and telomere with MetS remain scare. Few studies have summarized the role of n-3 PUFAs in DNA damage repair pathways, anti-inflammatory pathways, and redox balance, linking with telomere biology, and other potential telomere-related signaling pathways. This review aims to (i) elucidate how n-3 PUFAs ameliorate telomere attrition in the context of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation; (ii) unravel the role of n-3 PUFAs in modulating telomere-related neuron dysfunction and regulating the neuro-endocrine-immunological network in MetS; (iii) epidemiologically implicate the associations of metabolic disorders and n-3 PUFAs with telomere length; and (iv) suggest promising biochemical approaches and advancing methodologies to overcome the inter-variation problem helpful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Chen M, Deng H, Zhao Y, Miao X, Gu H, Bi Y, Zhu Y, Guo Y, Shi S, Xu J, Zhao D, Liu F. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Modulates Pulmonary Inflammation and TNF-α Release Mediated by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:824027. [PMID: 35372108 PMCID: PMC8968444 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the roles that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play in lung inflammation mediated by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). Methods The changes in TLRs and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in peripheral blood of children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) were monitored, and the interactions of signaling molecules regulating TNF-α release in A549 cells and neutrophils after M. pneumoniae stimulation were investigated. In TLR2 knockout (TLR2-/-) mice, the levels of TNF-α in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood after mycoplasma infection and the pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice were detected. Results TNF-α levels in peripheral blood of children with MPP were higher than those in non-infected children, and children with refractory MPP had the highest levels of TNF-α and TLR2. TNF-α secretion and TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and phospho-p65(p-p65) levels were increased in stimulated cells. TNF-α secretion was suppressed upon siRNA-mediated TLR2 silencing. Pharmacological inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and MyD88 effectively reduced TNF-α expression. Compared with wild-type mice, the TNF-α in serum and BALF decreased, and lung pro-inflammatory response was partially suppressed in TLR2-/- mice. Conclusion We concluded that TLR2 regulates M. pneumoniae-mediated lung inflammation and TNF-α release through the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqing Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuang Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Deyu Zhao, ; Feng Liu,
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Deyu Zhao, ; Feng Liu,
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Yan W, Shen Y, Huang J, Lu L, Zhang Q. MCC950 Ameliorates Acute Liver Injury Through Modulating Macrophage Polarization and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:752223. [PMID: 34869447 PMCID: PMC8640184 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.752223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) raises high mortality rates due to a rapid pathological process. MCC950, a highly selective nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor, has already been reported to show strong hepatoprotective effects in many different liver diseases. In this study, we unveiled the role of MCC950 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI and its underlying molecular mechanisms on days 1, 2, and 3. MCC950 could significantly inhibit liver injury, evidenced by decreased serum alamine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels on days 1 and 2, increased Albumin (ALB) level on day 3, and decreased histological score during the whole period. Moreover, lower M1 macrophage related to pro-inflammatory genes expression was observed in MCC950-treated ALI mice on day 1, while MCC950 pretreatment also polarized macrophage to M2 phenotype indicating anti-inflammatory response on days 2 and 3. Additionally, MDSC was significantly increased in blood, liver, and spleen in ALI mice at different time courses. Specifically, upregulated myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) proportions were found in blood and spleen on days 1 and 2, but showed decreased trend on day 3. However, liver MDSC numbers were increased on days 2 and 3, but no significance on day 1. In conclusion, MCC950 pretreatment alleviates CCl4-induced ALI through enhanced M2 macrophage and MDSC function at different time points of ALI. Further understanding of MCC950 in ALI may be a new potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yingchun Shen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jinny Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Zou J, Wang SP, Wang YT, Wan JB. Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with natural products against chemical-induced liver injury. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105388. [PMID: 33359314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed significant progress in understanding the process of sterile inflammation, which is dependent on a cytosolic complex termed the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome requires two steps, including the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) by its ligands, resulting in transcriptional procytokine and inflammasome component activation, and the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome triggered by various danger signals, leading to caspase-1 activation, which could subsequently cleave procytokines into their active forms. Metabolic disorders, ischemia and reperfusion, viral infection and chemical insults are common pathogenic factors of liver-related diseases that usually cause tissue damage and cell death, providing numerous danger signals for the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Currently, natural products have attracted much attention as potential agents for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases due to their multitargets and nontoxic natures. A great number of natural products have been shown to exhibit beneficial effects on liver injury induced by various chemicals through regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. In this review, the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in chemical-induced liver injury (CILI) and natural products that exhibit beneficial effects in CILI through the regulation of inflammasomes were systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
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9
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Feng R, Ma LJ, Wang M, Liu C, Yang R, Su H, Yang Y, Wan JB. Oxidation of fish oil exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by enhancing intestinal dysbiosis in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:481. [PMID: 32879433 PMCID: PMC7468239 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been controversial. N-3 PUFA oxidation in animal feeding stuffs was rarely concerned, likely contributing to inconsistent outcomes. Here, we report the impacts of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on ALD in C57BL/6 mice. Alcohol exposure increased plasma aminotransferase levels and hepatic inflammation. These deleterious effects were ameliorated by unoxidized FO but exacerbated by OFO. Sequencing analysis showed the accentuated intestinal dysbiosis and the increased proportion of Proteobacteria in OFO-fed mice. Intestinal sterilization by antibiotics completely abolished OFO-aggravated liver injury. Additionally, alcohol exposure leads to the greater increase in plasma endotoxin and decrease in intestinal tight junction protein expressions in OFO-fed mice. Stabilization of intestinal barrier by obeticholic acid markedly blunted OFO-aggravated liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. These results demonstrate that OFO exacerbates alcoholic liver injury through enhancing intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, and hepatic inflammation mediated by gut-derived endotoxin. Feng et al. show that oxidized fish oil exacerbates alcoholic liver injury in mice by enhancing intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, and hepatic inflammation that is mediated by gut-derived endotoxin. This study suggests that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched in fish oil should be kept from oxidation to exert their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Rujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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10
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Xia F, Feng R, Xu FG, Su H, He C, Hu YJ, Wan JB. Quantification of phospholipid fatty acids by chemical isotope labeling coupled with atmospheric pressure gas chromatography quadrupole- time-of-flight mass spectrometry (APGC/Q-TOF MS). Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1082:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Feng R, Chen JH, Liu CH, Xia FB, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Wan JB. A combination of Pueraria lobata and Silybum marianum protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152824. [PMID: 30836218 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess alcohol exposure leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Pueraria lobata (PUE) and Silybum marianum (SIL) are two well-known hepatoprotective herbal remedies with various activities. The possible effect of combination of PUE and SIL on ALD has not been elucidated yet. PURPOSE We aimed to demonstrate that the combination of PUE and SIL prevents against alcoholic liver injury in mice using a model of chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding. STUDY DESIGN Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8-10), namely the control group (CON), ethanol-induced liver injury group (ETH), 150 mg/kg PUE treated group (PUE), 60 mg/kg SIL treated group (SIL), 210 mg/kg PUE+SIL treatment group (PUE+SIL). Except control group, all animals were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet for 10 days. While, control group received Lieber-DeCarli control diet containing isocaloric maltose dextrin substituted for ethanol. On day 11, the mice orally received a single dose of 31.5% (v/v) ethanol (5 g/kg BW) or an isocaloric maltose solution. RESULTS Ethanol exposure caused liver injury, as demonstrated by remarkably increased plasma parameters, histopathological changes, the increased lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation in liver. These alterations were ameliorated by the treatments of PUE, SIL and PUE+SIL. While, the PUE+SIL treatment showed the most effective protection, which was associated with reducing alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis via upregulating LKB1/AMPK/ACC signaling, and inhibiting hepatic inflammation via LPS-triggered TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results also indicated that the hepatoprotective effects of SIL+PUE might mainly attribute to the protection of SIL and PUE alone in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings also suggest that the combination of PUE and SIL has a potential to be developed as a functional food for the management of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jie-Hua Chen
- Nutrition and Health Research Centre, By-Health Co. LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Fang-Bo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Nutrition and Health Research Centre, By-Health Co. LTD, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
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Enguita M, Razquin N, Pamplona R, Quiroga J, Prieto J, Fortes P. The cirrhotic liver is depleted of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key modulator of NF-κB and TGFβ pathways in hepatic stellate cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30622239 PMCID: PMC6325107 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis results from chronic hepatic damage and is characterized by derangement of the organ architecture with increased liver fibrogenesis and defective hepatocellular function. It frequently evolves into progressive hepatic insufficiency associated with high mortality unless liver transplantation is performed. We have hypothesized that the deficiency of critical nutrients such as essential omega-3 fatty acids might play a role in the progression of liver cirrhosis. Here we evaluated by LC-MS/MS the liver content of omega-3 docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) in cirrhotic patients and investigated the effect of DHA in a murine model of liver injury and in the response of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (the main producers of collagen in the liver) to pro-fibrogenic stimuli. We found that cirrhotic livers exhibit a marked depletion of DHA and that this alteration correlates with the progression of the disease. Administration of DHA exerts potent anti-fibrogenic effects in an acute model of liver damage. Studies with HSCs show that DHA inhibits fibrogenesis more intensely than other omega-3 fatty acids. Data from expression arrays revealed that DHA blocks TGFβ and NF-κB pathways. Mechanistically, DHA decreases late, but not early, SMAD3 nuclear accumulation and inhibits p65/RelA-S536 phosphorylation, which is required for HSC survival. Notably, DHA increases ADRP expression, leading to the formation of typical quiescence-associated perinuclear lipid droplets. In conclusion, a marked depletion of DHA is present in the liver of patients with advanced cirrhosis. DHA displays anti-fibrogenic activities on HSCs targeting NF-κB and TGFβ pathways and inducing ADPR expression and quiescence in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Enguita
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Razquin
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (IRB), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jorge Quiroga
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Puri Fortes
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Acetaminophen-induced liver injury is attenuated in transgenic fat-1 mice endogenously synthesizing long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Wang Y, Feng R, He C, Su H, Ma H, Wan JB. An integrated strategy to improve data acquisition and metabolite identification by time-staggered ion lists in UHPLC/Q-TOF MS-based metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 157:171-179. [PMID: 29802989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The narrow linear range and the limited scan time of the given ion make the quantification of the features challenging in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics with the full-scan mode. And metabolite identification is another bottleneck of untargeted analysis owing to the difficulty of acquiring MS/MS information of most metabolites detected. In this study, an integrated workflow was proposed using the newly established multiple ion monitoring mode with time-staggered ion lists (tsMIM) and target-directed data-dependent acquisition with time-staggered ion lists (tsDDA) to improve data acquisition and metabolite identification in UHPLC/Q-TOF MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Compared to the conventional untargeted metabolomics, the proprosed workflow exhibited the better repeatability before and after data normalization. After selecting features with the significant change by statistical analysis, MS/MS information of all these features can be obtained by tsDDA analysis to facilitate metabolite identification. Using time-staggered ion lists, the workflow is more sensitive in data acquisition, especially for the low-abundant features. Moreover, the metabolites with low abundance tend to be wrongly integrated and triggered by full scan-based untargeted analysis with MSE acquisition mode, which can be greatly improved by the proposed workflow. The integrated workflow was also successfully applied to discover serum biosignatures for the genetic modification of fat-1 in mice, which indicated its practicability and great potential in future metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
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Ganesan K, Sukalingam K, Xu B. Impact of consumption and cooking manners of vegetable oils on cardiovascular diseases- A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Wang M, Zhang XJ, Feng R, Jiang Y, Zhang DY, He C, Li P, Wan JB. Hepatoprotective properties of Penthorum chinense Pursh against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Chin Med 2017; 12:32. [PMID: 29093747 PMCID: PMC5663075 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penthorum chinense Pursh (Penthoraceae, PCP), a well-known Miao ethnomedicine, has been traditionally used to treat several liver-related diseases, such as jaundice and viral hepatitis. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the probable properties of the aqueous extract of PCP on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)—induced acute liver injury in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were orally administered an aqueous extract of PCP (5.15 and 10.3 g/kg BW) or silymarin (100 mg/kg) once daily for 1 week prior to CCl4 exposure. Silymarin serves as a positive drug to validate the effectivenes of PCP. Results A single dose of CCl4 exposure caused severe acute liver injury in mice, as evidenced by the elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine phosphatase (ALP), and the increased TUNEL-positive cells in liver, which were remarkably ameliorated by the pretreatment of PCP. PCP was also found to decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), restore the glutathione (GSH) and enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver. In addition, the pretreatment of PCP inhibited the degradation of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target proteins in CCl4-treated mice. Conclusion Results indicated that the pretreatment of PCP (10.3 g/kg BW) effectively protected against CCl4-induced acute liver injury, which was comparable to efficacy of silymarin (100 mg/kg). This hepatoprotective effects might be attributed to amelioration of CCl4-induced oxidative stress via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-017-0153-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Sichuan New Lotus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- Sichuan New Lotus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
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Gallic acid, a natural polyphenol, protects against tert-butyl hydroperoxide- induced hepatotoxicity by activating ERK-Nrf2-Keap1-mediated antioxidative response. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 119:479-488. [PMID: 29066411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a natural polyphenol, has been shown to exert a variety of heath promoting effects. We herein investigated the critical role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response in the protection of GA against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in L02 cells. Pretreatment of GA prevented the hepatocytotoxicity induced by t-BHP, as evidenced by the facts that GA suppressed t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. GA induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 along with expression of target proteins, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic modify subunit (GCLC), and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. Additionally, GA induced phosphorylated activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and ERK inhibitor PD98059 partially decreased GA-induced hepatoprotection, and downregulated the increased protein expressions of Nrf2, GCLC and HO-1 induced by GA. Interestingly, we found that GA could enhance the thermal stability of Keap1, which indicated the potential interaction between GA and Keap1. Furthermore, molecular docking indicated that GA possibly competed with Nrf2 for binding to Keap1. Collectively, GA effectively protects against t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity via inducing ERK/Nrf2-mediated antioxidative signaling pathway. Meanwhile, GA disturbs protein-protein interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 which might also contribute to nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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Endogenous Production of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Promotes Fracture Healing in Mice. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:3571267. [PMID: 29065587 PMCID: PMC5488487 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3571267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone fracture is a global healthcare issue for high rates of delayed healing and nonunions. Although n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is considered as a beneficial factor for bone metabolism, only few studies till date focused on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on fracture healing. In this study, we investigated the effect of endogenous n-3 PUFAs on fracture healing by measuring femur fracture repair in both fat-1 transgenic mice and WT mice. Proximal femoral fracture model was established in fat-1 transgenic mice and WT mice, respectively, and then the fracture was analyzed by using X-ray, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histological assessment at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after fixation. The results showed that compared with WT mice, fat-1 mice exhibited acceleration in fracture healing through radiographic and histological analysis (18–21 days versus 21–28 days postfracture). Meanwhile, X-ray and micro-CT analysis that showed better remodeling callus formation were in the fat-1 group compared to WT group. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that endogenous n-3 PUFAs promoted local endochondral ossification and accelerated the remodeling of calcified calluses after fracture. In conclusion, the present study indicated that endogenously produced n-3 PUFAs promote fracture healing process and accelerate bone remodeling in mice, and supplementation of n-3 PUFAs was positively associated with fracture healing.
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