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Zhang L, Liu P, Jiang Y, Fan D, He X, Zhang J, Luo B, Sui J, Luo Y, Fu X, Yang T. Exploration of novel isoxazole-fused quinone derivatives as anti-colorectal cancer agents through inhibiting STAT3 and elevating ROS level. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116448. [PMID: 38704936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is trending to be a major health problem throughout the world. Therapeutics with dual modes of action have shown latent capacity to create ideal anti-tumor activity. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been proved to be a potential target for the development of anti-colon cancer drug. In addition, modulation of tumor redox homeostasis through deploying exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS)-enhancing agents has been widely applied as anti-tumor strategy. Thus, simultaneously targeting STAT3 and modulation ROS balance would offer a fresh avenue to combat CRC. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel series of isoxazole-fused quinones, which were evaluated for their preliminary anti-proliferative activity against HCT116 cells. Among these quinones, compound 41 exerted excellent in vitro anti-tumor effect against HCT116 cell line with an IC50 value of 10.18 ± 0.4 nM. Compound 41 was proved to bind to STAT3 by using Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) assay, and can significantly inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3. It also elevated ROS of HCT116 cells by acting as a substrate of NQO1. Mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, which was caused by compound 41, might be partially due to the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and ROS production induced by 41. Moreover, it exhibited ideal anti-tumor activity in human colorectal cancer xenograft model and good safety profiles in vivo. Overall, this study provided a novel quinone derivative 41 with excellent anti-tumor activity by inhibiting STAT3 and elevating ROS level, and gave insights into designing novel anti-tumor therapeutics by simultaneously modulation of STAT3 and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pingxian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinlian He
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Baozhu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xinyuan Fu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Wei P, Wang M, Lin M, Wang Z. Tripterine Serves a Dual Role in Palmitate-Induced Pancreatic Beta-Cell Lipotoxicity. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 511:156-161. [PMID: 37833599 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923600057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Tripterine (TP, also called celastrol), a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii, has beneficial effects on multiple diseases, including obesity and diabetes. However, the effects of TP on β‑cell lipotoxicity have not been fully explored. Here, we found that TP modulated β-cell lipotoxicity in a concentration-dependent and bidirectional manner. At low concentrations, TP potentially protected MIN6 β-cells from palmitate (PA)-induced lipotoxicity. At high concentrations, TP significantly promoted β-cell lipotoxicity, further reinforcing PA-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, low-concentration TP inhibited the PA-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and its protective effects were abolished by the ROS inducer tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Conversely, high-concentration TP significantly exacerbated the PA-triggered ROS generation, and its enhanced cytotoxicity was partially reversed by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Thus, TP plays a dual role in β-cell lipotoxicity, suggesting that care should be taken when it is used for obesity and diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wei
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.
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Singh M, Raghav A, Gautam KA. Role of the circulatory interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of gliomas: A systematic review. World J Methodol 2022; 12:428-437. [PMID: 36186749 PMCID: PMC9516551 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i5.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the brain originating from glial cells. In spite of extensive research, the overall survival rate is not enhanced. A number of published articles observed differentially circulating levels of cytokines in glioma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein coded by IL-6 gene is regulated by the immune system and it has been found to have a significant role in progression and apoptosis resistance of glioma.
AIM To review the role of circulatory IL-6 in the development and progression of glioma and its utility as a biomarker.
METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to filter the relevant studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used a combination of keywords and the Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) tool to search the potential studies and performed data extraction from selected studies.
RESULTS The published results were inconsistent; however, most studies showed a significantly higher IL-6 level in glioma cases as compared to controls. Comparative IL-6 level among the different grades of glioma showed a higher level with low-grade gliomas and lower level with high-grade gliomas.
CONCLUSION IL-6 level significantly differed between cases and controls, and among different cancer stages, which shows its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Alok Raghav
- Department of Neurosurgery, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Kirti Amresh Gautam
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
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Xu K, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Zhang B, Shao G. Anti-inflammatory Effect of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Grown on 316L Stainless Steel via STAT3/NF-κB Signaling. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stainless steel (316L SS) is commonly used to build coronary artery stents for the treatment of occluded arteries. However, tissues in contact with the stent may develop inflammation that can lead to restenosis. The natural substances derived from normal diet provide a pool of candidates that have potential to treat cardiovascular diseases. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic flavonoid present in green tea, has antioxidant, antithrombogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether EGCG has an anti-inflammatory effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) attached to the surface of 316L SS. We evaluated cell proliferation using the dimethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide method in HUVECs after treatment with EGCG. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessed the level of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in HUVECs. We further investigated the regulatory mechanisms of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/NF-κB signaling pathway in HUVECs by Western-blot analysis. We found that HUVECs cultured on 316L SS had increased cell proliferation and inflammation, and these can be inhibited by treatment with EGCG. EGCG reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF and decreased the expression of STAT3 and NF-κB in HUVECs cultured on 316L SS. Consequently, our study demonstrated that EGCG treatment ameliorates the proliferation of HUVEC when cultured with 316L SS, potentially by modulating the inflammation responses via the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection, Changchun, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyi Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinbin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Beilin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoxi Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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IL-6 secretion of CD4+ T cells stimulated by LC3-positive extracellular vesicles in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:2222-2230. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Raissa R, Riawan W, Safitri A, Masruri M, Beltran MAG, Aulanniam A. In vitro and in vivo study: Ethanolic extract leaves of Azadirachta indica Juss. variant of Indonesia and Philippines suppresses tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling. F1000Res 2022; 11:477. [PMID: 37829248 PMCID: PMC10565427 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109557.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Azadirachta indica Juss. has been shown to suppress cancer progression through a variety of mechanisms. In order to treat cancer progression, cancer immunotherapy is used to stimulate the immune system where immunosuppression is present in tumor microenvironments. Many cancer cells produce a lot of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 plays a key role in suppressing the expression of critical immune activation regulators. IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation is common in the tumor microenvironment. Inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway has become a therapeutic option for cancer progression. As vimentin is also expressed in hepatic stellate cells boosting cancer survival. We focused on the precise effect of extract from leaves of Azadirachta indica Juss, on inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling cascade on hepatocellular carcinoma by in vitro and in vivo study. Methods: In the in vitro study, the effect of Azadirachta indica Juss. variant Indonesia and Philippines against the expression of IL-6 and STAT3 was examined in liver cancer cell line. In the in vivo study, 24 male rats ( Rattus norvegicus) strain Wistar were induced by diethylnitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Based on the therapy given, the groups were divided into negative control, positive control, Indonesia extract, and Philippine extract. Expression of IL-6, STAT3, and vimentin were tested using immunohistochemistry staining. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, which was then followed by the Tukey test. Results: Statistically significant difference in IL-6 and STAT3 was observed between the treatment groups and positive control group by in vitro study and in vivo study. Generally, there is no significant difference between treatment using Indonesian and Philippine leaves. Conclusion: Both therapy doses of Azadirachta indica variant in Indonesia and Philippines were able to reduce IL-6, STAT3 and vimentin expression of hepatocellular carcinoma cell by in vitro and in vivo experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricadonna Raissa
- Doctoral Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wibi Riawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Anna Safitri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Smart Molecules of Natural Genetic Resources (SMONAGENES), Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Masruri Masruri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Aulanniam Aulanniam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Yap ZH, Kong WY, Azeez AR, Fang CM, Ngai SC. Anti-cancer Effects of Epigenetics Drugs Scriptaid and Zebularine in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1582-1591. [PMID: 34102995 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High relapse and metastasis progression in breast cancer patients have prompted the need to explore alternative treatments. Epigenetic therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy due to the reversibility of epigenome structures. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of epigenetic drugs scriptaid and zebularine in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. METHODS First, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both drugs on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells was determined. Next, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both. After treatments, the anti-cancer effects were evaluated via cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptotic studies, which included histochemical staining and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the apoptotic genes. RESULTS Both epigenetic drugs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with 2 nM scriptaid, 8 µM zebularine and combination of 2 nM scriptaid and 2 µM zebularine. Both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells exhibited a reduction in cell migration after the treatments. In particular, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a significant reduction in cell migration (p < 0.05) after the treatments of zebularine and the combination of scriptaid and zebularine. Besides, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that scriptaid and the combination of both drugs could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, histochemical staining allowed the observation of apoptotic features, such as nuclear chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear chromatin fragmentation and cytoplasmic extension, in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells after the treatments. Further apoptotic studies revealed that the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were found in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with zebularine and MCF-7 cells treated with all drug regimens. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that scriptaid and zebularine are potential anti-cancer drugs, either single or in combination, for the therapy of breast cancer. Further investigations of the gene regulatory pathways directed by scriptaid and zebularine are definitely warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hung Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Wei Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Abdur Rahmaan Azeez
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
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García-Martínez E, Pérez-Fidalgo JA. Immunotherapies in ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2020; 15:87-95. [PMID: 33240447 PMCID: PMC7573463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death for gynaecological cancer, and new therapies are urgently awaited. Although the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes has been confirmed to be associated to a better prognosis, immunotherapy is not yet incorporated to the armamentarium in ovarian cancer. This review briefly summarises the strategies that have been tested or are under study for the three different groups of tumours: immune desert, inflamed and immune-excluded ovarian tumours. Finally, a better knowledge of the biology and immune microenvironment is needed for successfully developing new immunotherapy strategies. Immune ovarian cancer subtypes could improve the selection patients for immunotherapy. Very frequently ovarian cancer needs to be converted in an inflamed tumour. Checkpoints inhibitor combinations are well designed and very promising in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martínez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Murcia, Spain
| | - J Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia, Spain
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Bone interface modulates drug resistance in breast cancer bone metastasis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111224. [PMID: 32634713 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer cells on arriving at bone site interact with the bone cells to influence their growth, proliferation, and chemoresistance. There are currently no effective therapeutics available in the clinic for bone metastases. Many existing anti-cancer therapeutics are ineffective at the metastatic bone site due to a lack of accurate models of breast cancer bone metastasis for drug screening. Here, we report the development of an effective in vitro model using osteogenically differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human breast cancer cells on 3D nanoclay scaffolds as a testbed for screening drugs. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells grown in 3D bone-mimetic scaffolds exhibited altered physiological and biochemical properties, including tumoroids formation, elevated levels of cytokine such as IL-6, and its downstream effector-mediated inhibition of apoptosis and upregulation of multidrug transporters proteins, leading to drug resistance against paclitaxel. Most importantly, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a potential biomarker for chemoresistance in many cancers, was activated in the 3D breast cancer bone metastasis model. Thus, our data suggest that 3D bone-mimetic nanoclay scaffolds-based in vitro tumor model is a promising testbed for screening new therapeutics for breast cancer bone metastasis where bone interface governs drug resistance in breast cancer cells.
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Pan Z, Zhang L, Liu C, Huang X, Shen S, Lin X, Shi C. Cisplatin or carboplatin? Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio may serve as a useful factor in small cell lung cancer therapy selection. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1513-1520. [PMID: 31423218 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) when selecting a first-line treatment. A total of 73 patients with SCLC who had complete clinical data and sought treatment at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between January 2014 and May 2016 were included. Data were retrospectively analyzed, utilizing a receiver operating characteristic curve to determine the NLR cut-off value. Out of the 73 patients, 39 were classified as high-NLR (NLR ≥3.80) and 34 as low-NLR (NLR <3.80). Compared with the high-NLR group, patients in the low-NLR group had a longer progression free survival (PFS); however, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) time. Patients with a high NLR had a significantly longer PFS (P=0.021) and OS time (P=0.042) when treated with a etoposide/cisplatin (EP) therapy regimen, compared with those treated with etoposide/carboplatin (EC). PFS was the longest in the high-NLR patients with limited stage (LS; P=0.002). Among the patients receiving the EC regimen, the PFS of the low-NLR group was significantly longer compared with the high-NLR group (P=0.003). Patients in the low-NLR group who received thoracic radiotherapy had a longer PFS (P=0.011), when comparing patients in the low-NLR group who did not receive thoracic radiotherapy, and within this group the therapeutic effect of radiation was the greatest in LS patients. Compared with the high-NLR group, the low-NLR group patients who received cranial radiotherapy had a significantly longer PFS (P=0.039). For the initial evaluation of patients with SCLC, pre-treatment NLR may be of significance for selecting first-line chemotherapy agents. As the present study was retrospective and investigated a limited number of patients, further research and prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangchi Pan
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Magaw Memorial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Songfei Shen
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Stem Cell Research Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Chemotherapy and Inflammatory Cytokine Signalling in Cancer Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:173-215. [PMID: 31456184 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the result of a cell's acquisition of a variety of biological capabilities or 'hallmarks' as outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg. These include sustained proliferative signalling, the ability to evade growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and the ability to invade other tissue and metastasize. More recently, the ability to escape immune destruction has been recognized as another important hallmark of tumours. It is suggested that genome instability and inflammation accelerates the acquisition of a variety of the above hallmarks. Inflammation, is a product of the body's response to tissue damage or pathogen invasion. It is required for tissue repair and host defense, but prolonged inflammation can often be the cause for disease. In a cancer patient, it is often unclear whether inflammation plays a protective or deleterious role in disease progression. Chemotherapy drugs can suppress tumour growth but also induce pathways in tumour cells that have been shown experimentally to support tumour progression or, in other cases, encourage an anti-tumour immune response. Thus, with the goal of better understanding the context under which each of these possible outcomes occurs, recent progress exploring chemotherapy-induced inflammatory cytokine production and the effects of cytokines on drug efficacy in the tumour microenvironment will be reviewed. The implications of chemotherapy on host and tumour cytokine pathways and their effect on the treatment of cancer patients will also be discussed.
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Wang Y, Zong X, Mitra S, Mitra AK, Matei D, Nephew KP. IL-6 mediates platinum-induced enrichment of ovarian cancer stem cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122360. [PMID: 30518684 PMCID: PMC6328027 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In high-grade serous ovarian cancer (OC), chemotherapy eliminates the majority of tumor cells, leaving behind residual tumors enriched in OC stem cells (OCSC). OCSC, defined as aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+), persist and contribute to tumor relapse. Inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is elevated in residual tumors after platinum treatment, and we hypothesized that IL-6 plays a critical role in platinum-induced OCSC enrichment. We demonstrate that IL-6 regulates stemness features of OCSC driven by ALDH1A1 expression and activity. We show that platinum induces IL-6 secretion by cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, promoting OCSC enrichment in residual tumors after chemotherapy. By activating STAT3 and upregulating ALDH1A1 expression, IL-6 treatment converted non-OCSC to OCSC. Having previously shown altered DNA methylation in OCSC, we show here that IL-6 induces DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and the hypomethylating agent (HMA) guadecitabine induced differentiation of OCSC and reduced - but did not completely eradicate - OCSC. IL-6 neutralizing antibody (IL-6-Nab) combined with HMA fully eradicated OCSC, and the combination blocked IL-6/IL6-R/pSTAT3-mediated ALDH1A1 expression and eliminated OCSC in residual tumors that persisted in vivo after chemotherapy. We conclude that IL-6 signaling blockade combined with an HMA can eliminate OCSC after platinum treatment, supporting this strategy to prevent tumor recurrence after standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinu Wang
- Medical Sciences, Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB), Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xingyue Zong
- Medical Sciences, Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB), Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Sumegha Mitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Anirban Kumar Mitra
- Medical Sciences, Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB), Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, and
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB), Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, and
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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13
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Vainer N, Dehlendorff C, Johansen JS. Systematic literature review of IL-6 as a biomarker or treatment target in patients with gastric, bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29820-29841. [PMID: 30038723 PMCID: PMC6049875 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is a major health problem. Patients with gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, bile duct and gall bladder cancer often have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and are generally difficult to cure, resulting in a dismal prognosis for most patients. Inflammation plays an important role in the development and growth of cancer, which has led to a growing interest in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). The aim of the present review was to evaluate the clinical use of IL-6 as a biomarker or therapeutic target in patients with GI cancer. We did a systematic review of studies (1993-2018), to assess the clinical use of IL-6 as a diagnostic, prognostic or predictive tumor biomarker or as a potential therapeutic target. This review includes 48 studies and 5316 patients. Circulating IL-6 levels appear to be an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with GI cancer, with high IL-6 levels associated with short overall survival (OS). The results for colorectal cancer were too ambiguous to give conclusive results. IL-6 seemed to be a marker for some of the clinical characteristics of GI cancer, and may have a role in the diagnostic workup in general practice. No published studies have examined the use of IL-6 as a therapeutic target in pancreatic, gastric, bile duct or colorectal cancer. In conclusion, high circulating IL-6 was associated with short OS in most studies in GI cancer patients. Whether inhibition of IL-6 would decrease GI cancer symptoms and increase quality of life is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Vainer
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Patlán M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Granados A, Páez A, Massó F, Mejía AM, Soster A, Bojalil R, Pavón L, Jiménez-Zamudio LA, Márquez-Velasco R. Effect of fresh frozen plasma on the in vitro activation of U937 monocytes: a potential role for the age of blood donors and their underlying cytokine profile. Biol Res 2017; 50:42. [PMID: 29268779 PMCID: PMC5740577 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) administration may increase the risk of nosocomial infections in parallel with the development of immune modulation. This could be driven by soluble mediators, possibly influencing the in vitro activation of human U937 monocyte cells, in a manner dependent on the age of the donors. METHODS FFP donors were stratified into groups of 19-30 years, 31-40 years or 41-50 years, and U937 cells were cultured with FFP (alone or plus lipopolysaccharide-LPS) for 24 h. Both in FFP and supernatants, TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA. Additionally, CD11B, TLR2, and CASP3 gene expression were measured by qtPCR in U937 cells. Total phagocytic activity was also assayed. RESULTS Elevated IL-10, but low TNF and IL-1β levels were measured in FFP from individuals aged 19-40 years, whereas in individuals aged 41-50 years FFP were characterized by equalized TNF and IL-10 levels. Elevated IL-6 levels were found in all FFP samples, especially in those from the oldest individuals. FFP stimulation was associated with striking modifications in cytokine production in an age-dependent way. Exposure to FFP attenuates the response to LPS. TLR2 and CD11B expression were enhanced regardless of the age of plasma donors, although CASP3 expression was increased only when FFP from individuals aged 19-40 years were tested. Phagocytosis decreased after exposure to FFP regardless of donor age. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that soluble mediators in FFP may modulate the functioning of monocytes. Interestingly, this effect appears to be partially influenced by the age of donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Patlán
- Doctorado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No1, Col Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No1, Col Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis M Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No1, Col Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Granados
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No1, Col Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Páez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Massó
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana M Mejía
- Blood Bank, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Soster
- Blood Bank, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bojalil
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No1, Col Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Neuropsicoimmunology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Jiménez-Zamudio
- Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Santo Tomas, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No1, Col Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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