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Lemini C, Silveyra P, Segovia-Mendoza M. Cardiovascular disrupting effects of bisphenols, phthalates, and parabens related to endothelial dysfunction: Review of toxicological and pharmacological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104407. [PMID: 38428705 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. CVDs are promoted by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells in the endothelial space resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial cells are important components of the vascular endothelium, that regulate the vascular flow. The imbalance in the production of vasoactive substances results in the loss of vascular homeostasis, leading the endothelial dysfunction. Thus, endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis and can be triggered by different cardiovascular risk factors. On the other hand, the 17β-estradiol (E2) hormone has been related to the regulation of vascular tone through different mechanisms. Several compounds can elicit estrogenic actions similar to those of E2. For these reasons, they have been called endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). This review aims to provide up-to-date information about how different EDCs affect endothelial function and their mechanistic roles in the context of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lemini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Ortmann W, Such A, Kolaczkowska E. Impact of microparticles released during murine systemic inflammation on macrophage activity and reactive nitrogen species regulation. Immunol Res 2024; 72:299-319. [PMID: 38008825 PMCID: PMC11031483 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) packaged with numerous bioactive molecules are essential vehicles in cellular communication in various pathological conditions, including systemic inflammation, Whereas MPs are studied mostly upon isolation, their detection in vivo is limited. Impact of MPs might depend on target cell type and cargo they carry; thus herein, we aimed at verifying MPs' impact on macrophages. Unlike neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages are rather inactive during sepsis, and we hypothesized this might be at least partially controlled by MPs. For the above reasons, we focused on the detection of MPs with intravital microscopy (IVM) and report the presence of putative neutrophil-derived MPs in the vasculature of cremaster muscle of endotoxemic mice. Subsequently, we characterized MPs isolated not only from their blood but also from the peritoneal cavity and observed differences in their size, concentration, and cargo. Such MPs were then used to study their impact on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line performance (cell viability/activity, cytokines, oxygen, and nitrogen reactive species). Addition of MPs to macrophages with or without co-stimulation with lipopolysaccharide did not affect respiratory burst, somewhat decreased mitochondrial activity but increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and NO production especially in case of plasma-derived MPs. The latter MPs carried more iNOS-controlling ceruloplasmin than those discharged into the peritoneal cavity. We conclude that MPs can be detected in vivo with IVM and their cellular origin identified. They are heterogeneous in nature depending on the site of their release. Consequently, microparticles released during systemic inflammation to various body compartments differentially affect macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Ortmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Such
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Yang B, Wang X, Liu Z, Lu Z, Fang G, Xue X, Luo T. Endothelial-Related Biomarkers in Evaluation of Vascular Function During Progression of Sepsis After Severe Trauma: New Potential Diagnostic Tools in Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2773-2782. [PMID: 37435113 PMCID: PMC10332413 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s418697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the changes in endothelial-related biomarkers and their relationship with the incidence and prognosis of patients with sepsis after severe trauma. Methods A total of 37 severe trauma patients admitted to our hospital from Jan. to Dec. 2020 were enrolled in our research. All enrolled patients were divided into the sepsis and the non-sepsis groups. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) were detected on admission time; 24-48 hours and 48-72 hours after admission respectively. Demographic data, Acute Physiology, Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were calculated every 24 h of admission to assess the severity of organ dysfunction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to compare the areas under the curve (AUC) of endothelial-related biomarkers for the diagnosis of sepsis. Results The incidence rate of sepsis was 45.95% in all patients. The SOFA score in the sepsis group was significantly higher than that in the non-sepsis group (2 points vs 0 points, P<0.01). The number of EPCs, CECs, and EMPs all rose quickly in the early phase after trauma. The number of EPCs was similar in both groups, but the number of CECs and EMPs in the Sepsis Group was much higher than in the non-Sepsis Group (all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of sepsis was closely related to the expression of 0-24h CECs and 0-24h EMPs. The AUC ROC for CECs in different time periods were 0.815, 0.877, and 0.882, respectively (all P<0.001). The AUC ROC for EMPs in 0-24h was 0.868 (P=0.005). Conclusion The expression of EMPs was higher in early severe trauma, and high levels of EMPs were significantly higher in patients with early sepsis and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital of Haimen City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoen Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuchao Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Association of Plasma Irisin Levels with Circulating Endothelial Microparticles (EMPs) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Children Born Prematurely. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010120. [PMID: 36677045 PMCID: PMC9861173 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity has been linked with endothelial dysfunction in later life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma irisin, an adipomyokine reported to protect the functional integrity of vascular endothelium, and circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), consisting early biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, in preterm-born children. We studied 131 prepubertal children; 61 preterm and 70 born at term (controls). Plasma irisin was determined by ELISA. Circulating CD62E(+), CD144(+) and CD31(+)/CD42b(-) EMPs, and CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45(-) and CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45dim EPCs, were determined by flow cytometry. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, neck circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and biochemical parameters (glucose, lipids, insulin, HOMA-IR) were also evaluated. Plasma irisin was significantly lower (p = 0.001), whereas circulating EMPs and EPCs were higher, in children born prematurely compared to controls. Irisin was recognized as independent predictor for CD144(+) and CD31(+)/CD42b(-) EMPs, CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45(-) and CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45dim EPCs in the total study population, and for CD31(+)/CD42b(-) EMPs in the preterm group. In conclusion, plasma irisin correlates independently with circulating EMP and EPC subpopulations in prepubertal children and in preterm-born ones. Further studies in children will potentially elucidate the link between irisin and the primary stages of prematurity-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Figuer A, Alique M, Valera G, Serroukh N, Ceprían N, de Sequera P, Morales E, Carracedo J, Ramírez R, Bodega G. New mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2023; 43:63-80. [PMID: 37268501 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathology with a high worldwide incidence and an upward trend affecting the elderly. When CKD is very advanced, the use of renal replacement therapies is required to prolong its life (dialysis or kidney transplantation). Although dialysis improves many complications of CKD, the disease does not reverse completely. These patients present an increase in oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which cause endothelial damage and the development of different cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CKD patients develop premature diseases associated with advanced age, such as CVD. EVs play an essential role in developing CVD in patients with CKD since their number increases in plasma and their content is modified. The EVs of patients with CKD cause endothelial dysfunction, senescence and vascular calcification. In addition, miRNAs free or transported in EVs together with other components carried in these EVs promote endothelial dysfunction, thrombotic and vascular calcification in CKD, among other effects. This review describes the classic factors and focuses on the role of new mechanisms involved in the development of CVD associated with CKD, emphasizing the role of EVs in the development of cardiovascular pathologies in the context of CKD. Moreover, the review summarized the EVs' role as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, acting on EV release or content to avoid the development of CVD in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Figuer
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Matilde Alique
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Gemma Valera
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Nadia Serroukh
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (IMAS12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Ceprían
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (IMAS12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia de Sequera
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Morales
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (IMAS12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Guillermo Bodega
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Wang Q, Tian S, Xiao D, Zhao R, Zhang X, Dou Z, Li C, Ma Z. Correlation of serum RBP4 level with oxidative stress and unstable carotid plaque in patients with cerebral infarction. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:354-360. [PMID: 36304097 PMCID: PMC9552776 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the changes in serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with cerebral infarction, relationship of RBP4 with oxidative stress and carotid atherosclerosis, and its possible role in cerebral infarction. Materials and methods According to the results of cervical vascular ultrasound, the experimental group was divided into three groups: intima thickening group (n = 31), stable plaque group (n = 51), and unstable plaque group (n = 54). Forty healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Their serum levels of RBP4, 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2α), and catalase (CAT) were measured. Carotid vascular ultrasound was used to measure the plaque area and intima-media thickness (IMT). Results The serum RBP4 and 8-iso-PGF2α levels, IMT and plaque area in the control, intimal thickening, stable plaque, and unstable plaque groups increased, while the serum level of CAT decreased (P < 0.001). The serum levels of RBP4 positively correlated with 8-iso-PGF2α, IMT, and plaque area and negatively correlated with CAT level. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.778 in predicting unstable plaques. Conclusions The serum levels of RBP4 were significantly elevated in elderly patients with cerebral infarction and correlated with oxidative stress injury and the degree of atherosclerosis. Serum RBP4 has diagnostic value for unstable plaques in carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Sha Tian
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Dahai Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Ruotong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhijie Dou
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
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Strohm L, Ubbens H, Münzel T, Daiber A, Daub S. Role of CD40(L)-TRAF signaling in inflammation and resolution—a double-edged sword. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995061. [PMID: 36267276 PMCID: PMC9577411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors are the leading cause of death in the world today. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, hypertension together with ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases is responsible for approximately 40% of all deaths worldwide. The major pathomechanism underlying almost all CVD is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vascular system. Recent large-scale clinical trials demonstrated that inflammation itself is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Specific anti-inflammatory therapy could decrease cardiovascular mortality in patients with atherosclerosis (increased markers of inflammation). Inflammation, however, can also be beneficial by conferring so-called resolution, a process that contributes to clearing damaged tissue from cell debris upon cell death and thereby represents an essential step for recovery from, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion damage. Based on these considerations, the present review highlights features of the detrimental inflammatory reactions as well as of the beneficial process of immune cell-triggered resolution. In this context, we discuss the polarization of macrophages to either M1 or M2 phenotype and critically assess the role of the CD40L-CD40-TRAF signaling cascade in atherosclerosis and its potential link to resolution. As CD40L can bind to different cellular receptors, it can initiate a broad range of inflammatory processes that may be detrimental or beneficial. Likewise, the signaling of CD40L downstream of CD40 is mainly determined by activation of TRAF1-6 pathways that again can be detrimental or beneficial. Accordingly, CD40(L)-based therapies may be Janus-faced and require sophisticated fine-tuning in order to promote cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Strohm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henning Ubbens
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Daiber, ; Steffen Daub,
| | - Steffen Daub
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Daiber, ; Steffen Daub,
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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Ma X, Liao X, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Yin X, Pan Q. Circulating endothelial microvesicles and their carried miR-125a-5p: potential biomarkers for ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2022; 8:89-102. [PMID: 36109098 PMCID: PMC10176997 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2021-001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEndothelial microvesicles (EMVs) are closely associated with the status of endothelial cells (ECs). Our earlier study has shown that EMVs could exert protective roles in ECs by transferring their carried miR-125a-5p. However, whether circulating EMVs and their carried miR-125a-5p can be used as biomarkers in ischaemic stroke (IS) are remain unknown.MethodsWe recruited 72 subjects with IS, 60 subjects with high stroke risk and 56 age-matched controls. The circulating EMVs and their carried miR-125a-5p (EMV-miR-125a-5p) levels were detected. We used microRNA (miR) array to study expression changes of miRs in plasma EMVs samples of three IS patients and three matched healthy controls. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was used to establish IS mouse model.ResultsEMVs level was obviously elevated in IS patients, with the highest level in acute stage, and was positively related to carotid plaque, carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), infarct volume. On the contrary, we observed that EMV-miR-125a-5p level was obviously reduced in IS, with the lowest level in acute stage, and was negatively correlated with carotid plaque, IMT, NIHSS scores, infarct volume. EMVs and EMV-miR-125a-5p levels were closely related with large artery atherosclerosis subgroup. Importantly, EMVs and EMV-miR-125a-5p levels could serve as independent risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic curve achieved an area under curve (AUC) of 0.720 and 0.832 for IS, respectively, and elevated to 0.881 after their combination. In IS mouse model, control EMVs or n-EMVs administration could decrease the infarct volume and neurological deficit score, while increase the cerebral blood flow of IS mice compared with vehicle group, while IS EMVs or oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-EMVs administration aggravated the tMCAO induced ischaemic injury. In addition, we observed that OGD EMVmiR-125a-5p could partially ameliorate the OGD EMVs induced brain injury after IS.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that circulating EMVs and EMV-miR-125a-5p are closely related with the occurrence, progress, subtypes and severity of IS, and they can serve as innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IS, especially when they are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaorong Liao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiehong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qunwen Pan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Nik Ibrahim NNI, Abdul Rahman R, Azlan M, Abd Aziz A, Ghulam Rasool AH. Endothelial Microparticles as Potential Biomarkers in the Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060824. [PMID: 35744087 PMCID: PMC9229814 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Endothelial microparticles (EMP) particularly CD31+/42−/AV+, CD144+/AV+ and CD62e+/AV+ have been reported as having increased in cardiovascular-related diseases, making them potential biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to compare these EMPs in patients with hypercholesterolemia and healthy controls and to correlate their levels with endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) assessed via pulse wave analysis (PWA); an established method of assessing endothelial function. Materials and Methods: EMPs from 88 subjects (44 hypercholesterolemia patients and 44 controls) were quantified from whole blood using flow cytometry analysis. Endothelial function was determined using PWA combined with pharmacological challenge. Results: CD31+/42−/AV+ (3.45 ± 4.74 count/µL vs. 1.33 ± 4.40 count/µL; p = 0.03), CD144+/AV+ (7.37 ± 12.66 count/µL vs. 1.42 ± 1.71 count/µL; p = 0.003) and CD62e+/AV+ (57.16 ± 56.22 count/µL vs. 20.78 ± 11.04 count/µL; p < 0.001) were significantly elevated in the hypercholesterolemic group compared with the controls, respectively. There was a significant inverse moderate correlation between all circulating EMPs and EDV: CD31+/42−/AV+ (r = −0.36, p = 0.001), CD144+/AV+ (r = −0.37, p = 0.001) and CD62e+/AV+ (r = −0.35, p = 0.002). Conclusions: All EMPs were raised in the patients with hypercholesterolemia, and these values correlated with the established method of assessing endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Nor Izah Nik Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9767-6141
| | - Razlina Abdul Rahman
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Azlan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Aniza Abd Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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Vascular Protective Effect and Its Possible Mechanism of Action on Selected Active Phytocompounds: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3311228. [PMID: 35469164 PMCID: PMC9034927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3311228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory factors. This dysfunction is a key to the early pathological development of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Therefore, modulation of the vascular endothelium is considered an important therapeutic strategy to maintain the health of the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies have shown that regular consumption of medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables promotes vascular health, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly attributed to the phytochemical compounds contained in these resources. Various databases, including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were searched to identify studies demonstrating the vascular protective effects of phytochemical compounds. The literature had revealed abundant data on phytochemical compounds protecting and improving the vascular system. Of the numerous compounds reported, curcumin, resveratrol, cyanidin-3-glucoside, berberine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and quercetin are discussed in this review to provide recent information on their vascular protective mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Phytochemical compounds are promising therapeutic agents for vascular dysfunction due to their antioxidative mechanisms. However, future human studies will be necessary to confirm the clinical effects of these vascular protective mechanisms.
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Lipid Metabolism Disorders in the Comorbid Course of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112978. [PMID: 34831201 PMCID: PMC8616072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently among the most common liver diseases. Unfavorable data on the epidemiology of metabolic syndrome and obesity have increased the attention of clinicians and researchers to the problem of NAFLD. The research results allow us to emphasize the systemicity and multifactoriality of the pathogenesis of liver parenchyma lesion. At the same time, many aspects of its classification, etiology, and pathogenesis remain controversial. Local and systemic metabolic disorders are also a part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and can influence its course. The present article analyzes the metabolic pathways mediating the links of impaired lipid metabolism in NAFLD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Free fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides are involved in key metabolic and inflammatory pathways underlying the pathogenesis of both diseases. Moreover, inflammation and lipid metabolism demonstrate close links in the comorbid course of NAFLD and COPD.
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Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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14
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Han X, Li T, Li Y, Yang J, Chen S, Zhu X, Wang B, Cheng W, Wang L, Lu Z, Wu X, Jiang Y, Pan G, Zhao M. Exercise and Circulating Microparticles in Healthy Subjects. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:841-856. [PMID: 33495962 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between exercise and circulating microparticles (CMPs). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched until August 13, 2020, using the terms "exercise" and "cell-derived microparticles." The Cochrane tool of risk of bias and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies were used to grade the studies. Twenty-six studies that met criteria were included in this review, including one before-after self-control study, 2 cohort studies, 4 randomized control trials, 5 case-control studies, and 14 descriptive studies. The studies were divided into a single bout and long-term exercise. The types of MPs contained endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs), leukocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs), platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), and erythrocyte-derived microparticles (ErMPs). This first systematic review found that the levels of CMPs continued to increase after a single bout of exercise in untrained subjects and were lower in trained subjects. PMPs expressed a transient increase after a single bout of exercise, and the proportion and duration of PMPs increment reduced in long-term exercise. Most studies showed a decline in LMPs in trained subjects after a single bout and long-term exercise, and variable changes were found in EMPs and ErMPs after exercise. A single bout of exercise drives the vessels exposed to high shear stress that promotes the formation of CMPs. However, the decline in CMPs in trained subjects may be attributed to the fact that they have a better ability to adapt to changes in hemodynamics and cellular function during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkun Cheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Pan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Sun SW, Tong WJ, Zheng GQ, Tuo QH, Lei XY, Liao DF. Pyroptotic cell-derived microparticle: An atherogenic factor in infectious diseases. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110370. [PMID: 33308934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The link between infectious agents and atherosclerosis is manifested by the presence of infection-induced pyroptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection. However, inflammation is not the only cause by which pyroptosis involved in atherosclerosis. During pyroptosis, a large amount of microparticles are released from pyroptotic cells, which not only transfer inflammatory mediators to arterial vessel, but also mediate the interaction between a variety of cells, leading to endothelial injury, macrophage infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, thereby accelerating atherosclerosis. Thus, we proposed hypothesis that pyroptotic cell-derived microparticle is an atherogenic factor in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Juan Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Gui-Qiong Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qin-Hui Tuo
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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16
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Faraji N, Ganji A, Heshami N, Salehi I, Haddadian A, Shojaie S, Komaki A. Hypolipidemic effects of Hypericum Scabrum extract on the serum lipid profile and obesity in high-fat diet fed rats. Hum Antibodies 2020; 29:55-61. [PMID: 33136094 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diets included high-fat (HFD) and high calories intake is correlated with greater risk of obesity and oxidative stress, which lead to increase the risk of related diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disease. In the present study, we have examined the hypolipidemic activity of Hypericum Scabrum extract on HFD fed rats. Fifty-four male Wistar rats divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg gavage per day), 3) H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg), 4) HFD, 5) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg), 6) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg). The groups were fed their diet and treatment for 3 months. Biochemical analysis showed elevated lipid serum profile in HFD rats compared to control group. H. Scabrum extract supplementation significantly ameliorated triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. H. Scabrum extract supplementation leading to increase HDL-cholesterol in HFD treated groups. This experiment showed that H. Scabrum extract decreased HFD complications and might be beneficial herbal drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Faraji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ganji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Neda Heshami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Haddadian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shiva Shojaie
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Microparticles-Mediated Vascular Inflammation and its Amelioration by Antioxidant Activity of Baicalin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090890. [PMID: 32962240 PMCID: PMC7555600 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles (0.1–1.0 μm in size), released in response to cell activation or apoptosis. Endothelial microparticles (EC-MP), vascular smooth muscle cell microparticles (VSMC-MP), and macrophage microparticles (MØ-MP) are key hallmarks of atherosclerosis progression. In our current study, we investigated the potent antioxidant activity of baicalin to ameliorate MP-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, as well as the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophage (RAW264.7). In our study, baicalin suppressed the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NO production, foam cell formation, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in MØ-MP-induced RAW264.7. In addition, VSMC migration induced by VSMC-MP was dose-dependently inhibited by baicalin. Likewise, baicalin inhibits metalloproteinase-9 expression and suppresses VSMC-MP-induced VSMC proliferation by down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expressions. Baicalin also inhibited ROS production and apoptosis in VSMC. In EC, the marker of endothelial dysfunction (endothelial senescence, upregulation of ICAM, and ROS production) induced by EC-MP was halted by baicalin. Our results suggested that baicalin exerts potent biological activity to restore the function of EC and VSMC altered by their corresponding microparticles and inhibits the release of inflammation markers from activated macrophages.
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18
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Landers‐Ramos RQ, Addison OA, Beamer B, Katzel LI, Blumenthal JB, Robinson S, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Circulating microparticle concentrations across acute and chronic cardiovascular disease conditions. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14534. [PMID: 32748505 PMCID: PMC7399362 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of different circulating microparticles (MPs) may have clinical and physiological relevance to cardiovascular disease pathologies. PURPOSE To quantify plasma concentrations of CD31+/CD42b-, CD62E+, and CD34+ MPs across healthy individuals and those with coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute cardiovascular events (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)). Fasted blood was obtained from CAD patients (n = 10), NSTEMI patients (n = 13), and healthy older men (n = 15) 60-75 years old. METHODS CD31+/CD42b-, CD62E+, and CD34+ MPs were isolated from plasma and quantified using flow cytometry. Relationships between MP subtypes, fasting blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index, and total number of medications were assessed. RESULTS Concentrations of CD31+/CD42b- MPs were significantly lower in CAD and NSTEMI subjects compared with healthy individuals (p = .02 and .003, respectively). No differences between groups were found for CD62E+ or CD34+ MPs (p > .05 for both). Surprisingly, among all variables assessed, only CD62E+ MP concentrations were positively correlated with triglyceride levels (p = .012) and inversely correlated with SBP (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide support for the use of different MP subtypes, specifically CD31+/CD42b- MPs, as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular disease. Importantly, results from this study should be looked at in adjunct to previous MP work in CVD conditions as a way of highlighting the complex interactions of variables such as comorbid conditions and medications on MP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Q. Landers‐Ramos
- Department of KinesiologyTowson UniversityTowsonMDUSA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Odessa A. Addison
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Brock Beamer
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Leslie I. Katzel
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jacob B. Blumenthal
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Shawn Robinson
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - James M. Hagberg
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Steven J. Prior
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
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19
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Patel S. The effects of microgravity and space radiation on cardiovascular health: From low-Earth orbit and beyond. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 30:100595. [PMID: 32775602 PMCID: PMC7399104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The unique conditions of space harbor considerable challenges for astronauts to overcome. Namely, the ionizing content of space radiation and the effects of microgravity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Post-flight carotid arterial stiffness was demonstrated in astronaut studies while early arteriosclerosis has been linked with microgravity-induced oxidative stress in cellular studies. Similarly, radiation has been shown to disrupt molecular pathways, enhance reactive oxygen species and increase risk of cardiovascular disease in exposed populations. These results may bear even more significance in space owing to the propensity for microgravity and space radiation to yield synergistic and/or additive interactions. Potential countermeasures such as α-tocopherol and captopril target these oxidative pathways and may help to protect against the effects of microgravity and radiation-induced cardiac damage. However, more research needs to be conducted in this area to facilitate a safe passage for humans to the Moon, Mars and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit Patel
- Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Science, National Heart & Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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20
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Xu B, Ma L, Zhang N, Guo W, Luo LM, Wang C, Jiang Y, Liu LG. Increased microparticle levels in middle-aged and elderly patients with insomnia may be involved in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. INT ANGIOL 2020; 39:252-260. [PMID: 32052947 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.19.04261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia may affect vascular factors and promote arteriosclerosis. Microparticles (MPs) are a heterogeneous group of bioactive small vesicles that can be found in blood and body fluids following activation, necrosis or apoptosis of virtually any eukaryotic cells. MPs are believed to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Few studies have been concerned with the microparticle level in patients with sleep disorder. The purpose of the present study is to measure the levels of endothelial microparticles (EMPs), platelet microparticles (PMPs) and leukocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs) in middle-aged and elderly patients with or without insomnia. METHODS Patients with insomnia (N.=30) and without insomnia (N.=18) were enrolled. The insomnia group covered patients with chronic insomnia (N.=16) and acute insomnia (N.=14). Levels of EMPs (CD31 +, CD62E +) and PMPs (CD41a +, CD42a +) and granulocyte-derived (CD11a +) MPs were measured. Flow cytometry was performed on the Beckman Coulter analyzer. Reference gate was defined for the level of MPs using 0.22-0.45-0.88μm microspheres, and the size gate for MPs was 0.5-1.0μm. RESULTS Of all types of MPs detected, the levels of CD31 +MPs, CD62E +MPs and CD11a +MPs were significantly higher in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group (P<0.05). Besides, compared with acute insomnia, the levels of CD31 + MPs and CD11a +MPs were significantly higher in chronic insomnia (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In insomnia patients, atherosclerosis progression may be increased by the CD31+ EMPs-mediated apoptosis and endothelial injury. The level of CD11a+ LMPs kept increasing as insomnia persisted, which may indicate atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of General Practice, School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Emergency, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of General Practice, School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of General Practice, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Emergency, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Luo
- Puhuangyu Community Service Center, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of General Practice, School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of General Practice, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ge Liu
- Department of General Practice, School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China - .,Department of Internal Medicine, Health Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Silambanan S, Hermes RS, Bhaskar E, Gayathri S. Endothelial Microparticle as an early Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Pilot Study. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 35:245-250. [PMID: 32226258 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a global health burden causing immense morbidity and mortality especially from the complications of end-organ damage. It is expected to affect 29% of the population by the year 2025. Hypertension is usually asymptomatic; it is diagnosed by a disease of exclusion. Numerous factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, genetic predisposition etc. play roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are released into the circulation with the onset of changes in endothelium, even before the release of other routine vascular endothelial markers. EMPs mediate inflammation, thrombosis and vasoconstriction of blood vessels in hypertensives. This pilot study was undertaken to assess whether EMPs are early markers of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertensive patients. The study was conducted as a large case control study in which 525 individuals were involved. It consisted of three study groups: Group I: individuals with normal blood pressure (JNC8), group II: hypertensives without evidence of end-organ damage and group III: hypertensives with evidence of end-organ damage. Homocysteine, hsCRP, fibrinogen, eNOS, oxLDL and other markers were measured. For analysis of EMPs a subset of individuals are taken from each group. Control group of 10 individuals who had homocysteine level more than15μmol/L was taken as Group I. Another 10 individuals were taken randomly of five each from groups II and III. EMPs were analyzed by flow cytometry and were identified as CD31 +, CD42 - microparticles with diameters < 1.0 mm. There was significant increase in EMPs (p = 0.035) in hypertensive individuals with end organ damage. Measurement of EMPs in hypertensive individuals could help physicians in identifying and initiating therapeutic interventions at a very early stage of the disease, thus improving the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Silambanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116 India
| | - R S Hermes
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116 India
| | - Emmanuel Bhaskar
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116 India
| | - Sri Gayathri
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116 India
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22
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Peng M, Liu X, Xu G. Extracellular Vesicles as Messengers in Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 13:121-130. [PMID: 31664614 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases. Most cells involved in atherosclerosis can shed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both atherogenic factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, and atheroprotective factors, such as laminar blood flow, can influence the production of EV shedding. EVs can carry protein, DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNA and act as mediators or messengers for cell-to-cell communications. EVs have been proven to promote or inhibit atherogenesis under particular circumstances. Therefore, EVs might be targeted for preventing or treating atherosclerotic diseases. The level of circulating EVs has been associated with the presence, progressiveness, or severity of atherosclerosis. Therefore, EVs may be utilized as indexes for diagnosing and grading atherosclerosis. Here, we reviewed the progress concerning the involvements of EVs in atherogenesis and atheroprotection. We also discussed the potential applications of EVs in managing atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Wu J, Xu JG, Fu JP, Xiong W, Zhang SW, Gu Z, Wu L, Hu JW. Characterization of Tyrosinase Inhibitors from White Lotus Receptacle. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Microparticles and autophagy: a new frontier in the understanding of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res 2019; 66:655-662. [PMID: 30574665 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles released by many cell types under physiological and pathological conditions. In the last years, these particles were considered as inert cell debris, but recently many studies have demonstrated they could have a role in intercellular communication. Increased levels of MPs have been reported in various pathological conditions including infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation, resulting in cartilage and bone damage with accelerated atherosclerosis increasing mortality. According to the literature data, also MPs could have a role in endothelial dysfunction, contributing to atherosclerosis in RA patients. Moreover many researchers have shown that a dysregulated autophagy seems to be involved in endothelial dysfunction. Autophagy is a reparative process by which cytoplasmic components are sequestered in double-membrane vesicles and degraded on fusion with lysosomal compartments. It has been shown in many works that basal autophagy is essential to proper vascular function. Taking into account these considerations, we hypothesized that in RA patients MPs could contribute to atherosclerosis process by dysregulation of endothelial autophagy process.
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Dysregulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Expression in the Pathologies of Hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133140. [PMID: 31252610 PMCID: PMC6651274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) exerts a wide range of biological effects and is associated with a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, neural tube defects, and cancer. Although mechanisms of HHcy toxicity are not fully uncovered, there has been a significant progress in their understanding. The picture emerging from the studies of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and pathophysiology is a complex one, as Hcy and its metabolites affect biomolecules and processes in a tissue- and sex-specific manner. Because of their connection to one carbon metabolism and editing mechanisms in protein biosynthesis, Hcy and its metabolites impair epigenetic control of gene expression mediated by DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, which underlies the pathology of human disease. In this review we summarize the recent evidence showing that epigenetic dysregulation of gene expression, mediated by changes in DNA methylation and histone N-homocysteinylation, is a pathogenic consequence of HHcy in many human diseases. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of human disease induced by Hcy and its metabolites, and suggest therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment.
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Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7092151. [PMID: 31341533 PMCID: PMC6612399 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life, proven by the latest data of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and is only gaining in prevalence worldwide. Clinical trials have identified chronic inflammatory disorders as cardiovascular risks, and recent research has revealed a contribution by various inflammatory cells to vascular oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are closely associated with inflammation, probably due to the close interaction of inflammation with oxidative stress. Classical therapies for inflammatory disorders have demonstrated protective effects in various models of cardiovascular disease; especially established drugs with pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties have proven beneficial cardiovascular effects; normalization of oxidative stress seems to be a common feature of these therapies. The close link between inflammation and redox balance was also supported by reports on aggravated inflammatory phenotype in the absence of antioxidant defense proteins (e.g., superoxide dismutases, heme oxygenase-1, and glutathione peroxidases) or overexpression of reactive oxygen species producing enzymes (e.g., NADPH oxidases). The value of immunomodulation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease was recently supported by large-scale clinical trials demonstrating reduced cardiovascular mortality in patients with established atherosclerotic disease when treated by highly specific anti-inflammatory therapies (e.g., using monoclonal antibodies against cytokines). Modern antidiabetic cardiovascular drugs (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 analogs) seem to share these immunomodulatory properties and display potent antioxidant effects, all of which may explain their successful lowering of cardiovascular risk.
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Mörtberg J, Lundwall K, Mobarrez F, Wallén H, Jacobson SH, Spaak J. Increased concentrations of platelet- and endothelial-derived microparticles in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced renal function- a descriptive study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:71. [PMID: 30823870 PMCID: PMC6397450 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of recurring thrombotic events following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Microparticles (MPs) are circulating small vesicles shed from various cells. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) reflect platelet activation and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) reflect endothelial activation or dysfunction. Both increase following AMI, and may mediate important biological effects. We hypothesized that AMI patients with CKD have further elevated PMPs and EMPs compared with non-CKD patients, despite concurrent antithrombotic treatment. Methods We performed a descriptive study of patients with AMI. Fasting blood samples were acquired from 47 patients on dual antiplatelet treatment. Patients were stratified by renal function: normal (H; n = 19) mean eGFR 88; moderate CKD (CKD3; n = 15) mean eGFR 47, and severe CKD (CKD4–5; n = 13) mean eGFR 20 mL/min/1.73 m2. MPs were measured by flow-cytometry and phenotyped according to size (< 1.0 μm) and expression of CD41 (GPIIb; PMPs) and CD62E (E-selectin; EMPs). In addition, expression of platelet activation markers P-selectin (CD62P) and CD40ligand (CD154) were also investigated. Results PMPs expressing CD40 ligand were higher in CKD4–5: 210 /μl (174–237); median and interquartile range; vs. group H; 101 /μl (71–134; p < 0.0001) and CKD 3: 142 /μl (125–187; p = 0.006). PMPs expressing P-selectin were higher in CKD4–5 compared with H, but not in CKD3. EMPs were higher in CKD4–5; 245 /μl (189–308) compared with H; 83 /μl (53–140; p < 0.0001) and CKD3; 197 /μl (120–245; p < 0.002). Conclusions In AMI patients, PMPs and EMPs from activated platelets and endothelial cell are further elevated in CKD patients. This indicate impaired endothelial function and higher platelet activation in CKD patients, despite concurrent antiplatelet treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Mörtberg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Lundwall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan H Jacobson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Spaak
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cheng X, Dang A, Lv N, Zhao T. Microparticles from Endothelial Cells and Immune Cells in Patients with Takayasu Arteritis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:547-558. [PMID: 30555130 PMCID: PMC6545457 DOI: 10.5551/jat.45351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to analyze microparticles (MPs) from endothelial cells (EMPs) and immune cells from healthy individuals and paitents with Takayasu arteritis (TA), and any possible relationships between MPs and TA acitivity. METHODS MPs derived from the plasma of 51 subjects were analyzed, including 32 patients with TA and 19 healthy individuals. Flow cytometry was performed with Annexin (Anx)-V and antibodies against surface markers of endothelial cells (CD144), T cells (CD3), B cells (CD19), and monocytes (CD14). RESULTS The concentrations of total EMPs, AnxV+ EMPs and AnxV- EMPs were significantly increased when comparing patients with TA and healthy controls (54×103 vs. 32×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0004; 22×103 vs. 12×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0006; and 31×103 vs. 19×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0005), and comparing active TA patients with remission ones (85×103 vs. 45×103 MPs /ml, P=0.016; 39×103 vs. 14×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0092; and 47×103 vs.29×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0371). In addition, the concentrations of total EMPs (odds ratio [OR]=1.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001 to 1.048, P=0.037), AnxV+(OR=1.089, 95%CI: 1.011 to 1.172, P=0.024), and AnxV- EMPs (OR=1.029, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.056, P=0.034) were positively related to TA activity. With multiple linear regression analysis, platelet was associated with both total and AnxV- EMP concentrations independently, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate was independently correlated with AnxV+EMPs. CONCLUSION Concentrations of endothelial microparticles are correlated with inflammation in Takayasu arteritis and may be useful markers to assess disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesen Cheng
- Department of Special Care Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Aimin Dang
- Department of Special Care Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Naqiang Lv
- Department of Special Care Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Tong Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Landers-Ramos RQ, Serra MC, Blumenthal JB, Ryan AS, Hafer-Macko CE, Prior SJ. Type 2 diabetes and older age contribute to elevated plasma microparticle concentrations independent of chronic stroke. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1560-1570. [PMID: 30062787 DOI: 10.1113/ep087116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of chronic stroke on circulating microparticle populations, accounting for potential effects of age and type 2 diabetes? What is the main finding and its importance? Elevated concentrations of CD31+ /CD42b- and CD62E+ microparticles appear to be driven by type 2 diabetes but not chronic stroke and are associated with fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. Older age results in elevations in CD62E+ and CD34+ microparticle concentrations. These microparticles have been proposed as potential targets for diagnosing, treating and identifying the clinical progression and complications of type 2 diabetes. ABSTRACT The elevated circulating concentration of endothelial microparticles (MPs) may provide an index of the extent and nature of cellular damage in chronic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the circulating concentrations of CD31+ /CD42b- , CD62E+ and CD34+ MPs in chronic stroke subjects, focusing on the effects of chronic stroke by comparison with both older adults without a history of stroke but with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and older and young healthy controls. Plasma from three groups of sedentary older (50-75 years) men and women (chronic stroke, T2DM or older healthy) as well as a group of younger (18-39 years) healthy controls was isolated from fasting blood, and CD31+ /CD42b- , CD62E+ and CD34+ MPs were quantified using flow cytometry (n = 17/group). Concentrations of CD31+ /CD42b- and CD62E+ MPs were higher in the T2DM group (P < 0.05), but not chronic stroke, compared to older and younger healthy adults. CD62E+ MP and CD34+ MP concentrations were elevated in the older compared to younger adults (P < 0.05 for both). Sub-analyses excluding chronic stroke subjects who were also diagnosed with diabetes [stroke (diabetes- )] revealed lower CD31+ /CD42b- (P < 0.05) and CD62E+ (P = 0.08) MPs in the stroke (diabetes- ) group compared to the T2DM group. CD31+ /CD42b- MP and CD62E+ MP concentrations were each associated with fasting glucose levels and CD31+ /CD42b- MPs also were associated with triglyceride levels. As MPs have been proposed as potential targets for diagnosing, treating and identifying the clinical progression of T2DM, our study provides further support for the use of CD31+ /CD42b- and CD62E+ MPs in the clinical progression of T2DM and associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Q Landers-Ramos
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Monica C Serra
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob B Blumenthal
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA
| | - Alice S Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA
| | - Charlene E Hafer-Macko
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Prior
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Ramirez SH, Andrews AM, Paul D, Pachter JS. Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:19. [PMID: 29960602 PMCID: PMC6026502 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nano-sized vesicles that are shed into the blood and other body fluids, which disperse a variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA and lipids) to cellular targets over long and short distances. EVs are thought to be produced by nearly every cell type, however this review will focus specifically on EVs that originate from cells at the interface of CNS barriers. Highlighted topics include, EV biogenesis, the production of EVs in response to neuroinflammation, role in intercellular communication and their utility as a therapeutic platform. In this review, novel concepts regarding the use of EVs as biomarkers for BBB status and as facilitators for immune neuroinvasion are also discussed. Future directions and prospective are covered along with important unanswered questions in the field of CNS endothelial EV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Shriners Hospital Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Substance Abuse Research, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Allison M Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Debayon Paul
- Department of Immunology, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory & Laser Capture Microdissection Core, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06070, USA
| | - Joel S Pachter
- Department of Immunology, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory & Laser Capture Microdissection Core, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06070, USA.
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Lv JX, Kong Q, Ma X. Current advances in circulating inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerosis and related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 3:207-212. [PMID: 29354803 PMCID: PMC5747494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic chronic disease affecting both the coronary and cerebral arteries. Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of AS, and numerous inflammatory factors have been proposed as potential biomarkers. This article reviews recent research in studies on major circulating inflammatory biomarkers to identify surrogates that may reflect processes associated with AS development and the risk of AS-related vascular events, such as Von Willebrand factor, lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted, and microparticles, which may provide new perspectives for clinical AS evaluation and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Clinical Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qi Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Clinical Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Clinical Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Chen JY, Ye ZX, Wang XF, Chang J, Yang MW, Zhong HH, Hong FF, Yang SL. Nitric oxide bioavailability dysfunction involves in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:423-428. [PMID: 29091892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological characteristics of atherosclerosis (AS) include lipid accumulation, fibrosis formation and atherosclerotic plaque produced in artery intima, which leads to vascular sclerosis, lumen stenosis and irritates the ischemic changes of corresponding organs. Endothelial dysfunction was closely associated with AS. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signaling molecule involved in the maintenance of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. NO is also a potent endogenous vasodilator and enters for the key processes that suppresses the formation vascular lesion even AS. NO bioavailability indicates the production and utilization of endothelial NO in organisms, its decrease is related to oxidative stress, lipid infiltration, the expressions of some inflammatory factors and the alteration of vascular tone, which plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction. The enhancement of arginase activity and the increase in asymmetric dimethylarginine and hyperhomocysteinemia levels all contribute to AS by intervening NO bioavailability in human beings. Diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney disease and smoking, etc., also participate in AS by influencing NO bioavailability and NO level. Here, we reviewed the relationship between NO bioavailability and AS according the newest literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zi-Xin Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jian Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hua-Hua Zhong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Inhibition of Caveolae Contributes to Propofol Preconditioning-Suppressed Microvesicles Release and Cell Injury by Hypoxia-Reoxygenation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3542149. [PMID: 29181124 PMCID: PMC5625844 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3542149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial microvesicles (EMVs), released after endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis or activation, may carry many adverse signals and propagate injury by intercellular transmission. Caveolae are 50–100 nm cell surface plasma membrane invaginations involved in many pathophysiological processes. Recent evidence has indicated EMVs and caveolae may have functional effects in cells undergoing H/R injury. Propofol, a widely used anaesthetic, confers antioxidative stress capability in the same process. But the connection between EMVs, H/R, and caveolae remains largely unclear. Here, we found that H/R significantly increased the release of EMVs, the expression of CAV-1 (the structural protein responsible for maintaining the shape of caveolae), oxidative stress, and the mitochondrial damage, and all these changes were inhibited by propofol preconditioning. Interestingly, the caveolae inhibitor Mβ-CD strengthened the protective effect of propofol preconditioning. We further found that the release of EMVs is more significantly reduced under propofol preconditioning in the presence of the caveolae inhibitor Mβ-CD. EMVs released from H/R-treated cells caused a substantially increased mitochondrial and cellular damage to normal HUVECs after 4 hours of coculture. Thus, we conclude that inhibition of caveolae contributes to propofol preconditioning-suppressed microvesicles release and cell injury by H/R.
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Taguchi K, Hida M, Narimatsu H, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Glucose and angiotensin II-derived endothelial extracellular vesicles regulate endothelial dysfunction via ERK1/2 activation. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:293-302. [PMID: 27975141 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In various diseases, including diabetes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been detected in circulation and tissues. EVs are small membrane vesicles released from various cell types under varying conditions. Recently, endothelial cell-derived EVs (EEVs) were identified as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, but the ensuing mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we dissected the ensuing pathways with respect to nitric oxide (NO) production under the condition of type 2 diabetes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with glucose alone and with glucose in combination with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 48 h. In supernatants from glucose + Ang II-stimulated HUVECs, release of EEVs was assessed using Western blotting with an anti-CD144 antibody. EEV release was significantly increased after stimulation of HUVECs, and high glucose + Ang II-derived EEVs impaired ACh-induced vascular relaxation responses and NO production in mice aortic rings. Furthermore, high glucose + Ang II-derived EEVs induced ERK1/2 signalling and decreased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression in mice aortas. Furthermore, in the presence of the MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, high glucose plus Ang II treatment stimulated EEVs in HUVECs and those EEVs prevented the impairments of ACh-induced relaxation and NO production in mice aortas. These data strongly indicate that high glucose and Ang II directly affect endothelial cells and the production of EEVs; the resultant EEVs aggravate endothelial dysfunction by regulating eNOS protein levels and ERK1/2 signalling in mice aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mari Hida
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Haruka Narimatsu
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Panth N, Paudel KR, Parajuli K. Reactive Oxygen Species: A Key Hallmark of Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Med 2016; 2016:9152732. [PMID: 27774507 PMCID: PMC5059509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9152732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the prime cause of mortality worldwide for decades. However, the underlying mechanism of their pathogenesis is not fully clear yet. It has been already established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the progression of CVDs. ROS are chemically unstable reactive free radicals containing oxygen, normally produced by xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, lipoxygenases, or mitochondria or due to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase in vascular cells. When the equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity of human physiology gets altered due to several pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress is induced, which in turn leads to tissue injury. This review focuses on pathways behind the production of ROS, its involvement in various intracellular signaling cascades leading to several cardiovascular disorders (endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion, and atherosclerosis), methods for its detection, and therapeutic strategies for treatment of CVDs targeting the sources of ROS. The information generated by this review aims to provide updated insights into the understanding of the mechanisms behind cardiovascular complications mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
| | - Kalpana Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
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Antiatherogenic Effect of Camellia japonica Fruit Extract in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9679867. [PMID: 27340422 PMCID: PMC4906218 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9679867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-known etiological factor for cardiovascular disease and a common symptom of most types of metabolic disorders. Camellia japonica is a traditional garden plant, and its flower and seed have been used as a base oil of traditional cosmetics in East Asia. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of C. japonica fruit extracts (CJF) in a high fat diet- (HFD-) induced hypercholesterolemic rat model. CJF was administered orally at three different doses: 100, 400, and 800 mg·kg−1·day−1 (CJF 100, 400, and 800, resp.). Our results showed that CJF possessed strong cholesterol-lowering potency as indicated by the decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), accompanied by an increase in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Furthermore, CJF reduced serum lipid peroxidation by suppressing the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. In addition, oil red O (ORO) staining of rat arteries showed decreased lipid-positive staining in the CJF-treated groups compared to the control HFD group. Taken together, these results suggest that CJF could be a potent herbal therapeutic option and source of a functional food for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and other diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia.
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