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Wang X, Li A, Fan H, Li Y, Yang N, Tang Y. Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Ischemic Stroke: Therapeutic Potential and Prospective. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1227-1254. [PMID: 37728588 PMCID: PMC11081164 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Astrocytes are special glial cells within the central nervous system and play important roles in mediating neuroprotection and repair processes during stroke. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles released from cells that facilitate intercellular communication in stroke by delivering proteins, lipids, and RNA to target cells. Recently, accumulating evidence suggested that astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) are actively involved in mediating numerous biological processes including neuroprotection and neurorepair in stroke and they are realized as an excellent therapeutic approach for treating stroke. In this review we systematically summarize the up-to-date research on ADEVs in stroke, and prospects for its potential as a novel therapeutic target for stroke. We also provide an overview of the effects and functions of ADEVs on stroke recovery, which may lead to developing clinically relevant therapies for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Huaju Fan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Nana Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaohui Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Li H, Wei J, Liu X, Zhang P, Lin J. Muse cells: ushering in a new era of stem cell-based therapy for stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:421. [PMID: 35986359 PMCID: PMC9389783 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStem cell-based regenerative therapies have recently become promising and advanced for treating stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have received the most attention for treating stroke because of the outstanding paracrine function of MSCs and the three-germ-layer differentiation ability of iPSCs. However, the unsatisfactory homing ability, differentiation, integration, and survival time in vivo limit the effectiveness of MSCs in regenerative medicine. The inherent tumorigenic property of iPSCs renders complete differentiation necessary before transplantation, which is complicated and expensive and affects the consistency among cell batches. Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are natural pluripotent stem cells in the connective tissues of nearly every organ and thus are considered nontumorigenic. A single Muse cell can differentiate into all three-germ-layer, preferentially migrate to damaged sites after transplantation, survive in hostile environments, and spontaneously differentiate into tissue-compatible cells, all of which can compensate for the shortcomings of MSCs and iPSCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the biological properties of Muse cells and highlights the differences between Muse cells and other types of stem cells. Finally, we summarized the current research progress on the application of Muse cells on stroke and challenges from bench to bedside.
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Brooks B, Ebedes D, Usmani A, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Gonzales-Portillo D, Borlongan CV. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Ischemic Brain Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061013. [PMID: 35326464 PMCID: PMC8947674 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury represents a major cause of death worldwide with limited treatment options with a narrow therapeutic window. Accordingly, novel treatments that extend the treatment from the early neuroprotective stage to the late regenerative phase may accommodate a much larger number of stroke patients. To this end, stem cell-based regenerative therapies may address this unmet clinical need. Several stem cell therapies have been tested as potentially exhibiting the capacity to regenerate the stroke brain. Based on the long track record and safety profile of transplantable stem cells for hematologic diseases, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stromal cells have been widely tested in stroke animal models and have reached clinical trials. However, despite the translational promise of MSCs, probing cell function remains to be fully elucidated. Recognizing the multi-pronged cell death and survival processes that accompany stroke, here we review the literature on MSC definition, characterization, and mechanism of action in an effort to gain a better understanding towards optimizing its applications and functional outcomes in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Brooks
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (D.E.); (A.U.)
| | - Dominique Ebedes
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (D.E.); (A.U.)
| | - Ahsan Usmani
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (D.E.); (A.U.)
| | | | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (D.E.); (A.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-8139743988
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Huang H, Mao G, Chen L, Sharma HS. Clinical neurorestorative cell therapies for stroke. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:231-247. [PMID: 34560922 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical neurorestorative cell therapies for stroke have been explored for over 20 years. Majority cell therapies have shown neurorestorative effects for stroke on non-double-blind studies. In this review, we summarize types of cell transplantation, transplanted routes, therapeutic time windows, dosage, results of exploring trials or clinical studies, results of multicenter, double-blind or observing-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. The clinical application prospects of majority cell therapies for stroke need to prove their neurorestorative effects through trials with higher-level evidence-based medical evidence. Currently olfactory ensheathing cell is only one kind of cell to show neurorestorative effects through multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, which should be explored to optimize themselves effects and combination with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, People Republic of China; Institute of Neurorestoratology, Third Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People Republic of China.
| | - Gengsheng Mao
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Satani N, Zhang X, Giridhar K, Wewior N, Cai C, Aronowski J, Savitz SI. A Combination of Atorvastatin and Aspirin Enhances the Pro-Regenerative Interactions of Marrow Stromal Cells and Stroke-Derived Monocytes In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:589418. [PMID: 33959001 PMCID: PMC8093790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.589418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are being tested in clinical trials for stroke patients. MSCs appear to promote recovery through secretomes that promote modulation of immune cells, including myeloid phagocytes. Many stroke patients have comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes for which they are prescribed medications that might affect the function of MSCs and monocytes (Mo) when they are administered in stroke patients. We studied the effects of the two most commonly prescribed stroke medications, statin and statin plus aspirin, on the secretomes of MSCs and their modulation of Mo derived from stroke patients. Methods: Human MSCs, Mo and their co-cultures were exposed to atorvastatin or atorvastatin plus aspirin followed by secretome analysis at 24 h. Monocytes were isolated from healthy controls as well as stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20. Secretome composition was measured using multiplex immunoassay. We used MTT assay to measure proliferation of monocytes. The mixed model was used to analyze experimental data. p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Atorvastatin and aspirin combination increased the release of IL-1RA from stroke Mo. In MSCs, atorvastatin and aspirin combination reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Atorvastatin alone reduced the release of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 from co-cultures of stroke monocytes and MSCs. Combination of atorvastatin and aspirin had additive effect on reducing the secretion of IL-6 from co-cultures of stroke Mo and MSCs. Conclusion: Atorvastatin, alone and in combination with aspirin can promote anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the secretome profile of Mo and MSCs. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of aspirin and atorvastatin, both of which are administered to the majority of hospitalized ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Satani
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaavya Giridhar
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Wewior
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
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Li W, Shi L, Hu B, Hong Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Stroke: Current Understanding and Challenges. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:628940. [PMID: 33633544 PMCID: PMC7899984 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.628940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke, the most prevalent cerebrovascular disease, causes serious loss of neurological function and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in pharmacological and surgical therapy, treatment for functional rehabilitation following stroke is limited with a consequent serious impact on quality of life. Over the past decades, mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-based therapy has emerged as a novel strategy for various diseases including stroke due to their unique properties that include easy isolation, multipotent differentiation potential and strong paracrine capacity. Although MSCs have shown promising results in the treatment of stroke, there remain many challenges to overcome prior to their therapeutic application. In this review, we focus on the following issues: the scientific data from preclinical studies and clinical trials of MSCs in the treatment of stroke; the potential mechanisms underlying MSC-based therapy for stroke; the challenges related to the timing and delivery of MSCs and MSC senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linli Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio M, Santana Bastos Boechat M, Augusto Gusman Cunha I, Gonzaga Pereira M, Coimbra NC, Giraldi-Guimarães A. Neurotrophin-3 upregulation associated with intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells induces axonal sprouting and motor functional recovery in the long term after neocortical ischaemia. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147292. [PMID: 33516814 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) have been identified as a relevant therapeutic strategy for the treatment of several chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether intravenous treatment with BMMCs facilitates the reconnection of lesioned cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal pathways, together with motor recovery, in injured adult Wistar rats using an experimental model of unilateral focal neocortical ischaemia. Animals with cerebral cortex ischaemia underwent neural tract tracing for axonal fibre analysis, differential expression analysis of genes involved in apoptosis and neuroplasticity by RT-qPCR, and motor performance assessment by the cylinder test. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of axonal fibres labelled by an anterograde neural tract tracer were performed. Ischaemic animals treated with BMMCs showed a significant increase in axonal sprouting in the ipsilateral neocortex and in the striatum contralateral to the injured cortical areas compared to untreated rodents. In BMMC-treated animals, there was a trend towards upregulation of the Neurotrophin-3 gene compared to the other genes, as well as modulation of apoptosis by BMMCs. On the 56th day after ischaemia, BMMC-treated animals showed significant improvement in motor performance compared to untreated rats. These results suggest that in the acute phase of ischaemia, Neurotrophin-3 is upregulated in response to the lesion itself. In the long run, therapy with BMMCs causes axonal sprouting, reconnection of damaged neuronal circuitry and a significant increase in motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cellular Biology, Centre of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Augusto Gusman Cunha
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cellular Biology, Centre of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Messias Gonzaga Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Giraldi-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cellular Biology, Centre of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liang ZH, Gu JJ, Yu WX, Guan YQ, Khater M, Li XB. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation downregulates plasma level and the microglia expression of transforming growth factor β1 in the acute phase of cerebral cortex ischemia. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 6:270-280. [PMID: 33336172 PMCID: PMC7729118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) have a strong anti-inflammatory capacity in stroke. But their relationship has not been well addressed. In this study, we investigated how intravenous BM-MSC transplantation in rats effected the expression of TGF-β1 48 h post cerebral ischemia, and we analyzed the main cells that produce TGF-β1. Methods We used a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) model in twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into two groups: the ischemic control group and the postischemic BM-MSC transplantation group. One hour after the dMCAO model was established, the rats were injected in the tail vein with either 1 ml saline or 1 × 106 BM-MSCs suspended in 1 ml saline. ELISAs were used to detect TGF-β1 content in the brain infarct core area, striatum and the plasma at 48 h after cerebral infarction. Immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue sections for TGF-β1, Iba-1, CD68 and NeuN was performed to determine the number and the proportion of double stained cells and to detect possible TGF-β1 producing cells in the brain tissue. Results Forty-eight hours after ischemia, the TGF-β1 content in the infarcted area of the BM-MSC transplantation group (23.94 ± 4.48 pg/ml) was significantly lower than it was in the ischemic control group (34.18 ± 4.32 pg/ml) (F = 13.534, P = 0.006). The TGF-β1 content in the rat plasma in the BM-MSC transplantation group (75.91 ± 12.53 pg/ml) was significantly lower than it was in the ischemic control group (131.18 ± 16.07 pg/ml) (F = 36.779, P = 0.0002), suggesting that after transplantation of BM-MSCs, TGF-β1 levels in the plasma decreased, but there was no significant change in the striatum area. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the total number of nucleated cells (1037.67 ± 222.16 cells/mm2) in the infarcted area after transplantation was significantly higher than that in the ischemic control group (391.67 ± 69.50 cells/mm2) (F = 92.421, P < 0.01); the number of TGF-β1+ cells after transplantation (35.00 ± 13.66 cells/mm2) was significantly reduced in comparison to that in the ischemic control group (72.33 ± 32.08 cells/mm2) (F = 37.680, P < 0.01). The number of TGF-β1+/Iba-1+ microglia cells in the transplantation group (3.67 ± 3.17 cells/mm2) was significantly reduced in comparison to that of the ischemic control group (13.67 ± 5.52 cells/mm2) (F = 29.641, P < 0.01). The proportion of TGF-β1+/Iba-1+ microglia cells out of all Iba-1+ microglia cells after transplantation (4.38 ± 3.18%) was significantly decreased compared with that in the ischemic control group (12.81 ± 4.86%) (F = 28.125, P < 0.01). Conclusions Iba-1+ microglia is one of the main cell types that express TGF-β1. Intravenous transplantation of BM-MSCs does not cooperate with TGF-β1+ cells in immune-regulation, but reduces the TGF-β1 content in the infarcted area and in the plasma at 48 h after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Jian-Juan Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Yun-Qian Guan
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mostafa Khater
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Augusta University, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
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Bagheri-Mohammadi S. Protective effects of mesenchymal stem cells on ischemic brain injury: therapeutic perspectives of regenerative medicine. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:249-262. [PMID: 33231840 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury as the main manifestation of stroke can occur in stroke patients (70-80%). Nowadays, the main therapeutic strategy used for ischemic brain injury treatment aims to achieve reperfusion, neuroprotection, and neurorecovery. Also, angiogenesis as a therapeutic approach maybe represents a promising tool to enhance the prognosis of cerebral ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, although many therapeutic approaches as a life-saving gateway for cerebral ischemic injuries like pharmacotherapy and surgical treatments are widely used, they all fail to restore or regenerate damaged neurons in the brain. So, the suitable therapeutic approach would focus on regenerating the lost cells and restore the normal function of the brain. Currently, stem cell-based regenerative medicine introduced a new paradigm approach in cerebral ischemic injuries treatment. Today, in experimental researches, different types of stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells have been applied. Therefore, stem cell-based regenerative medicine provides the opportunity to inquire and develop a more effective and safer therapeutic approach with the capability to produce and regenerate new neurons in damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Departments of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Medications for Hypertension Change the Secretome Profile from Marrow Stromal Cells and Peripheral Blood Monocytes. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8894168. [PMID: 32802081 PMCID: PMC7416264 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are in different stages of clinical trials for stroke patients. MSCs are proposed to promote recovery through the release of secretomes that modulate the function of beneficial immune cells. The majority of stroke patients have comorbidities including hypertension, for which they are prescribed antihypertensive medications that might affect the function of MSCs, when they are administered in stroke patients. Here, we studied the effects of common antihypertensive medications on the secretomes of human MSCs and their modulation of human monocytes (Mo) derived from stroke patients. MTT assay was used to assess the proliferation of MSCs after they were exposed to increased levels of antihypertensive medications. MSCs were exposed to the following medications: atenolol, captopril, and losartan. Monocytes were isolated from stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20 and from healthy controls. MSC-Mo cocultures were established, and a secretome profile was analyzed using the Magpix Multiplex cytokine array from Luminex technology. The linear mixed-effect model was used for statistical analysis. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.4, and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. At clinically relevant levels, there was no change in MSC proliferation after exposure to atenolol, captopril, or losartan. Atenolol increased IL-1RA in stroke-Mo and decreased IL-8 secretion from MSCs indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of atenolol on secretomes of these cells. Captopril increased IL-8 from stroke-Mo and increased IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretions from MSCs. Captopril also increased IL-6 secretion from cocultures of stroke-Mo and MSCs indicating a strong proinflammatory effect on MSCs and their interaction with Mo. Atenolol increased the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 while captopril increased the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 from MSCs. Losartan decreased the release of IL-6 from MSCs. Losartan reduced MCP-1 and TNF-α from stroke-Mo and reduced IL-8 from cocultures of stroke-Mo and MSCs. Our results show that antihypertensive medications such as atenolol, captopril, and losartan, at concentrations comparable to doses prescribed for patients hospitalized for acute stroke, modulate the secretome profile of MSCs and their modulatory effects on target immune cells. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of these antihypertensive drugs administered to stroke patients.
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Szelenberger R, Kostka J, Saluk-Bijak J, Miller E. Pharmacological Interventions and Rehabilitation Approach for Enhancing Brain Self-repair and Stroke Recovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:51-64. [PMID: 31362657 PMCID: PMC7327936 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190726104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is a natural process occurring in the brain for the entire life. Stroke is the leading cause of long term disability and a huge medical and financial problem throughout the world. Research conducted over the past decade focused mainly on neuroprotection in the acute phase of stroke while very little studies target the chronic stage. Recovery after stroke depends on the ability of our brain to reestablish the structural and functional organization of neurovascular networks. Combining adjuvant therapies and drugs may enhance the repair processes and restore impaired brain functions. Currently, there are some drugs and rehabilitative strategies that can facilitate brain repair and improve clinical effect even years after stroke onset. Moreover, some of the compounds such as citicoline, fluoxetine, niacin, levodopa, etc. are already in clinical use or are being trialed in clinical issues. Many studies are also testing cell therapies; in our review, we focused on studies where cells have been implemented at the early stage of stroke. Next, we discuss pharmaceutical interventions. In this section, we selected methods of cognitive, behavioral, and physical rehabilitation as well as adjuvant interventions for neuroprotection including noninvasive brain stimulation and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. The modern rehabilitation represents a new model of physical interventions with the limited therapeutic window up to six months after stroke. However, previous studies suggest that the time window for stroke recovery is much longer than previously thought. This review attempts to present the progress in neuroprotective strategies, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological that can stimulate the endogenous neuroplasticity in post-stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szelenberger
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection. University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kostka
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection. University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
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Tobin MK, Stephen TKL, Lopez KL, Pergande MR, Bartholomew AM, Cologna SM, Lazarov O. Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Recovery Following Stroke Via Regulation of Inflammation and Oligodendrogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013583. [PMID: 32204666 PMCID: PMC7428606 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Brain repair mechanisms fail to promote recovery after stroke, and approaches to induce brain regeneration are scarce. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are thought to be a promising therapeutic option. However, their efficacy is not fully elucidated, and the mechanism underlying their effect is not known. Methods and Results The middle cerebral artery occlusion model was utilized to determine the efficacy of interferon-γ-activated mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCγ) as an acute therapy for stroke. Here we show that treatment with aMSCγ is a more potent therapy for stroke than naive MSC. aMSCγ treatment results in significant functional recovery assessed by the modified neurological severity score and open-field analysis compared with vehicle-treated animals. aMSCγ-treated animals showed significant reductions in infarct size and inhibition of microglial activation. The aMSCγ treatment suppressed the hypoxia-induced microglial proinflammatory phenotype more effectively than treatment with naive MSC. Importantly, treatment with aMSCγ induced recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes in vivo. To elucidate the mechanism underlying high efficacy of aMSCγ therapy, we examined the secretome of aMSCγ and compared it to that of naive MSC. Intriguingly, we found that aMSCγ but not nMSC upregulated neuron-glia antigen 2, an important extracellular signal and a hallmark protein of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Conclusions These results suggest that activation of MSC with interferon-γ induces a potent proregenerative, promyelinating, and anti-inflammatory phenotype of these cells, which increases the potency of aMSCγ as an effective therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Tobin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Illinois at Chicago IL
| | | | - Kyra L Lopez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Illinois at Chicago IL
| | | | | | | | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Illinois at Chicago IL
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13
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Otero-Ortega L, Laso-García F, Frutos MCGD, Diekhorst L, Martínez-Arroyo A, Alonso-López E, García-Bermejo ML, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Arrúe-Gonzalo M, Díez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B, Gutiérrez-Fernández M. Low dose of extracellular vesicles identified that promote recovery after ischemic stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:70. [PMID: 32075692 PMCID: PMC7029550 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the most promising therapeutics in protective and/or regenerative therapy in animal models of stroke using a dose of 100 μg. However, whether EVs dose is related to outcomes is not known. This study aimed to identify the optimal effective dose of EVs from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells that promote functional recovery in subcortical stroke. Materials and methods For this purpose, various doses of EVs were tested in an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of oligodendrocytes and neuronal ischemia. At least 50 μg of EVs were necessary to induce proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte and neurons in OGD conditions. For in vivo study, rats were subjected to subcortical stroke and various doses (50 μg, 100 μg, or 200 μg) of EVs were intravenously administered after 24 h. Results All the animals in the EV groups showed significant improvement in functional tests, with an increase in tract connectivity and brain repair-associated markers, and a decrease in cell death and in astrocyte-marker expression. Cell proliferation was increased in the groups receiving 50 μg and 100 μg doses. Only the 50-μg dose was associated with significant increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Conclusion In conclusion, 50 μg of EVs appears to be the minimal effective dose to enhance protection, brain repair, and recovery in subcortical ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Otero-Ortega
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laso-García
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luke Diekhorst
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Martínez-Arroyo
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso-López
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Unit, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Rodríguez-Serrano
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Unit, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Arrúe-Gonzalo
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Huang H, Chen L, Mao G, Sharma HS. Clinical neurorestorative cell therapies: Developmental process, current state and future prospective. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2020.9040009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical cell therapies (CTs) for neurological diseases and cellular damage have been explored for more than 2 decades. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, there are 2 types of cell categories for therapy, namely stem cell-derived CT products and mature/functionally differentiated cell-derived CT products. However, regardless of the type of CT used, the majority of reports of clinical CTs from either small sample sizes based on single-center phase 1 or 2 unblinded trials or retrospective clinical studies showed effects on neurological improvement and the ability to either partially or temporarily thwart the deteriorating cellular processes of the neurodegenerative diseases. There have been only a few prospective, multicenter, randomized, double- blind placebo-control clinical trials of CTs so far in this developing novel area that have shown negative results, and more clinical trials are needed. This will expand our knowledge in exploring the type of cells that yield promising results and restore damaged neurological structure and functions of the central nervous system based on higher level evidence-based medical data. In this review, we briefly introduce the developmental process, current state, and future prospective for clinical neurorestorative CT.
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15
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Boltze J, Jolkkonen J. Safety evaluation of intra-arterial cell delivery in stroke patients-a framework for future trials. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S271. [PMID: 32015990 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Yasuhara T, Kawauchi S, Kin K, Morimoto J, Kameda M, Sasaki T, Bonsack B, Kingsbury C, Tajiri N, Borlongan CV, Date I. Cell therapy for central nervous system disorders: Current obstacles to progress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:595-602. [PMID: 31622035 PMCID: PMC7248543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy for disorders of the central nervous system has progressed to a new level of clinical application. Various clinical studies are underway for Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and various other neurological diseases. Recent biotechnological developments in cell therapy have taken advantage of the technology of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The advent of iPS cells has provided a robust stem cell donor source for neurorestoration via transplantation. Additionally, iPS cells have served as a platform for the discovery of therapeutics drugs, allowing breakthroughs in our understanding of the pathology and treatment of neurological diseases. Despite these recent advances in iPS, adult tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells remain the widely used donor for cell transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells are easily isolated and amplified toward the cells' unique trophic factor‐secretion property. In this review article, the milestone achievements of cell therapy for central nervous system disorders, with equal consideration on the present translational obstacles for clinic application, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawauchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Aichi, Japan
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Boltze J, Modo MM, Mays RW, Taguchi A, Jolkkonen J, Savitz SI. Stem Cells as an Emerging Paradigm in Stroke 4: Advancing and Accelerating Preclinical Research. Stroke 2019; 50:3299-3306. [PMID: 31658004 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.025436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boltze
- From the School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom (J.B.)
| | - Michel M Modo
- Departments of Radiology (M.M.M.), McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Bioengineering (M.M.M.), McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert W Mays
- Department of Neurosciences, Athersys, Inc, Cleveland, OH (R.W.M.)
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.J.).,Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.).,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, UTHealth, Houston, TX (S.I.S.)
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18
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Aspirin in stroke patients modifies the immunomodulatory interactions of marrow stromal cells and monocytes. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146298. [PMID: 31220426 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Most stroke patients are prescribed aspirin (ASA) to adjust blood coagulability. Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are being tested in clinical trials for stroke patients who likely are prescribed aspirin. One of the principal mechanisms of action of MSCs and ASA is modulation of the inflammatory response, including those mediated by monocytes (Mo). Thus, here we tested if aspirin can modify anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs or Mo alone, and in combination. METHODS Mo were isolated at 24 h of stroke onset from ischemic stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20 or from healthy controls. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs from healthy subjects were used at passage 3. Mo, MSCs, and MSCs-Mo co-cultures were exposed to ASA at clinically relevant doses. The secretome profile of inflammatory mediators was measured using Magpix multiplex cytokine array. Viability was measured using MTT assay. Linear mixed effect model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Overall Mo from control subjects exposed to ASA showed increased secretion of IL-1RA, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α and Mo from stroke patients showed greater release of IL-1RA and MCP-1. In MSCs-Mo co-cultures, ASA added to co-cultures of control Mo reduced fractalkine secretion while it increased the fractalkine secretion when added to Mo from stroke patients. In addition, in co-cultures independent of Mo origin, ASA reduced IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin in acute stroke patients may modulate the secretome profile of Mo and MSCs, thus potentially modulating immune and inflammatory responses associated with stroke. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of aspirin as a confounding factor.
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19
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Duru LN, Quan Z, Qazi TJ, Qing H. Stem cells technology: a powerful tool behind new brain treatments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1564-1591. [PMID: 29916013 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has recently become a hot research topic in biomedical research due to the foreseen unlimited potential of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For many years, medicine has been facing intense challenges, such as an insufficient number of organ donations that is preventing clinicians to fulfill the increasing needs. To try and overcome this regrettable matter, research has been aiming at developing strategies to facilitate the in vitro culture and study of stem cells as a tool for tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, new developments in the microfluidics technology brought forward emerging cell culture applications that are currently allowing for a better chemical and physical control of cellular microenvironment. This review presents the latest developments in stem cell research that brought new therapies to the clinics and how the convergence of the microfluidics technology with stem cell research can have positive outcomes on the fields of regenerative medicine and high-throughput screening. These advances will bring new translational solutions for drug discovery and will upgrade in vitro cell culture to a new level of accuracy and performance. We hope this review will provide new insights into the understanding of new brain treatments from the perspective of stem cell technology especially regarding regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne N Duru
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Talal Jamil Qazi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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20
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Rikhtegar R, Yousefi M, Dolati S, Kasmaei HD, Charsouei S, Nouri M, Shakouri SK. Stem cell-based cell therapy for neuroprotection in stroke: A review. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8849-8862. [PMID: 30506720 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, such as stroke, are triggered by a loss of neurons and glial cells. Ischemic stroke remains a substantial problem for industrialized countries. Over the previous few decades our understanding about the pathophysiology of stroke has enhanced, nevertheless, more awareness is required to advance the field of stroke recovery. Existing therapies are incapable to adequately relief the disease outcome and are not appropriate to all patients. Meanwhile, the majority of patients continue to show neurological deficits even subsequent effective thrombolysis, recuperative therapies are immediately required that stimulate brain remodeling and repair once stroke damage has happened. Cell therapy is emergent as a hopeful new modality for increasing neurological recovery in ischemic stroke. Numerous types of stem cells from various sources have been identified and their possibility and efficiency for the treatment of stroke have been investigated. Stem cell therapy in patients with stroke using adult stem cells have been first practiced in clinical trials since 15 years ago. Even though stem cells have revealed a hopeful role in ischemic stroke in investigational studies besides early clinical pilot studies, cellular therapy in human is still at a primary stage. In this review, we summarize the types of stem cells, various delivery routes, and clinical application of stem cell-based therapy for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rikhtegar
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hosein Delavar Kasmaei
- Department of Neurology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Charsouei
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Marei HE, Hasan A, Rizzi R, Althani A, Afifi N, Cenciarelli C, Caceci T, Shuaib A. Potential of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2018; 9:34. [PMID: 29467713 PMCID: PMC5808289 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major health problems worldwide. The only FDA approved anti-thrombotic drug for acute ischemic stroke is the tissue plasminogen activator. Several studies have been devoted to assessing the therapeutic potential of different types of stem cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs), mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NSCs as treatments for ischemic stroke. The results of these studies are intriguing but many of them have presented conflicting results. Additionally, the mechanism(s) by which engrafted stem/progenitor cells exert their actions are to a large extent unknown. In this review, we will provide a synopsis of different preclinical and clinical studies related to the use of stem cell-based stroke therapy, and explore possible beneficial/detrimental outcomes associated with the use of different types of stem cells. Due to limited/short time window implemented in most of the recorded clinical trials about the use of stem cells as potential therapeutic intervention for stroke, further clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of the intervention in a longer time window after cellular engraftments are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Rizzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), Italian National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - A Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - C Cenciarelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (CNR), Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas Caceci
- Biomedical Sciences, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Neurosciences Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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22
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Yang B, Li W, Satani N, Nghiem DM, Xi X, Aronowski J, Savitz SI. Protective Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells After Administering t-PA in an Embolic Stroke Model. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:135-145. [PMID: 28836238 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke but poses risk for hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Cell therapy has been investigated as a potential therapy to improve recovery after stroke by the modulation of inflammatory responses and the improvement of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, both of which are associated with HT after t-PA. In our present study, we studied the effect of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) in an embolic stroke model. We administered MNCs in a rat embolic stroke 2 h after administering t-PA. We observed that even though autologous MNCs did not alter the incidence of HT, they decreased the severity of HT and reduced BBB permeability. One possible mechanism could be through the inhibition of MMP3 released by astrocytes via JAK/STAT pathway as shown by our in vitro cell interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
| | - Weilang Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikunj Satani
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Duyen M Nghiem
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - XiaoPei Xi
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
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23
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Corrigendum to "Increasing Dose of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Transplantation Is Related to Stroke Outcome: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Two Clinical Trials". Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7946930. [PMID: 28883838 PMCID: PMC5572092 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7946930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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