1
|
Bakeer W, Gaafar M, El-Gendy AO, El Badry MA, Khalil MG, Mansour AT, Alharbi NK, Selim HMRM, Bendary MM. Proven anti-virulence therapies in combating methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1403219. [PMID: 39253327 PMCID: PMC11381379 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1403219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite years of efforts to develop new antibiotics for eradicating multidrug-resistant (MDR) and multi-virulent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infections, treatment failures and poor prognoses in most cases have been common. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches targeting virulence arrays. Our aim is to discover new anti-virulence therapies targeting MRSA and VRSA virulence arrays. Methodology We employed phenotypic, molecular docking, and genetic studies to screen for anti-virulence activities among selected promising compounds: Coumarin, Simvastatin, and Ibuprofen. Results We found that nearly all detected MRSA and VRSA strains exhibited MDR and multi-virulent profiles. The molecular docking results aligned with the phenotypic and genetic assessments of virulence production. Biofilm and hemolysin productions were inhibited, and all virulence genes were downregulated upon treatment with sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of these promising compounds. Ibuprofen was the most active compound, exhibiting the highest inhibition and downregulation of virulence gene products. Moreover, in vivo and histopathological studies confirmed these results. Interestingly, we observed a significant decrease in wound area and improvements in re-epithelialization and tissue organization in the Ibuprofen and antimicrobial treated group compared with the group treated with antimicrobial alone. These findings support the idea that a combination of Ibuprofen and antimicrobial drugs may offer a promising new therapy for MRSA and VRSA infections. Conclusion We hope that our findings can be implemented in clinical practice to assist physicians in making the most suitable treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Bakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gaafar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Quality Control Specialist at Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O El-Gendy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El Badry
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Department of Fish and Animal Production and Aquaculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Fish and Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nada K Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M R M Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Bendary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hemmati J, Chiani M, Asghari B, Roshanaei G, Soleimani Asl S, Shafiei M, Arabestani MR. Antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials of vancomycin-loaded niosomal drug delivery system against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38978013 PMCID: PMC11229259 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing worldwide, making it significantly necessary to discover a novel way of dealing with related infections. The quick spread of MRSA isolates among infected individuals has heightened public health concerns and significantly limited treatment options. Vancomycin (VAN) can be applied to treat severe MRSA infections, and the indiscriminate administration of this antimicrobial agent has caused several concerns in medical settings. Owing to several advantageous characteristics, a niosomal drug delivery system may increase the potential of loaded antimicrobial agents. This work aims to examine the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of VAN-niosome against MRSA clinical isolates with emphasis on cytotoxicity and stability studies. Furthermore, we aim to suggest an effective approach against MRSA infections by investigating the inhibitory effect of formulated niosome on the expression of the biofilm-associated gene (icaR). The thin-film hydration approach was used to prepare the niosome (Tween 60, Span 60, and cholesterol), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), an in vitro drug release, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were used to investigate the physicochemical properties. The physical stability of VAN-niosome, including hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index (PDI), and EE%, was analyzed for a 30-day storage time at 4 °C and 25 °C. In addition, the human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell line was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of synthesized niosome. Moreover, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs/MBCs) were applied to assess the antibacterial properties of niosomal VAN formulation. Also, the antibiofilm potential of VAN-niosome was investigated by microtiter plate (MTP) and real-time PCR methods. The FE-SEM result revealed that synthesized VAN-niosome had a spherical morphology. The hydrodynamic size and PDI of VAN-niosome reported by the DLS method were 201.2 nm and 0.301, respectively. Also, the surface zeta charge of the prepared niosome was - 35.4 mV, and the EE% ranged between 58.9 and 62.5%. Moreover, in vitro release study revealed a sustained-release profile for synthesized niosomal formulation. Our study showed that VAN-niosome had acceptable stability during a 30-day storage time. Additionally, the VAN-niosome had stronger antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against MRSA clinical isolates compared with free VAN. In conclusion, the result of our study demonstrated that niosomal VAN could be promising as a successful drug delivery system due to sustained drug release, negligible toxicity, and high encapsulation capacity. Also, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm studies showed the high capacity of VAN-niosome against MRSA clinical isolates. Furthermore, the results of real-time PCR exhibited that VAN-niosome could be proposed as a powerful strategy against MRSA biofilm via down-regulation of icaR gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Hemmati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Asghari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Roshanaei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Morvarid Shafiei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laurence Yehouenou C, Bogaerts B, Vanneste K, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Roosens NHC, Kpangon AA, Affolabi D, Simon A, Dossou FM, Dalleur O. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Screening of MRSA in Patients and Healthcare Workers in Public Hospitals in Benin. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1954. [PMID: 37630513 PMCID: PMC10459514 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes a serious public health concern, with a considerable impact on patients' health, and substantial healthcare costs. In this study, patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) from six public hospitals in Benin were screened for MRSA. Strains were identified as MRSA using conventional microbiological methods in Benin, and confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in Belgium. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used on the confirmed MRSA isolates, to characterize their genomic content and study their relatedness. Amongst the 305 isolates (304 wound swabs and 61 nasal swabs) that were collected from patients and HCWs, we detected 32 and 15 cases of MRSA, respectively. From this collection, 27 high-quality WGS datasets were obtained, which carried numerous genes and mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance. The mecA gene was detected in all the sequenced isolates. These isolates were assigned to five sequence types (STs), with ST8 (55.56%, n = 15/27), ST152 (18.52%, n = 5/27), and ST121 (18.52%, n = 5/27) being the most common. These 27 isolates carried multiple virulence genes, including the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin (48.15%, n = 13/27), and the tst gene (29.63%, n = 8/27), associated with toxic shock syndrome. This study highlights the need to implement a multimodal strategy for reducing the risk of the cross-transmission of MRSA in hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Laurence Yehouenou
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Group (CLIP), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain UCLouvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Laboratoire de Référence des Mycobactéries (LRM), Cotonou BP 817, Benin;
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université d’Abomey Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin
| | - Bert Bogaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Arsène A. Kpangon
- Ecole Nationale des Techniciens Supérieurs en Santé Publique et Surveillance Épidémiologique, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin;
| | - Dissou Affolabi
- Laboratoire de Référence des Mycobactéries (LRM), Cotonou BP 817, Benin;
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université d’Abomey Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin
- Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou BP 386, Benin
| | - Anne Simon
- Centres Hospitaliers Jolimont, Prévention et Contrôle des Infections, Groupe Jolimont Asbl, Rue Ferrer 159, 7100 Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium;
| | - Francis Moise Dossou
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitaire, Champs de Foire, Cotonou 01 BP 118, Benin;
| | - Olivia Dalleur
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Group (CLIP), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain UCLouvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Pharmacy, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Merghni A, Hamdi H, Ben Abdallah M, Al-Hasawi ZM, Al-Quwaie DA, Abid-Essefi S. Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Foodborne Pathogenic Strains and Assessment of Their Adhesion Ability and Cytotoxic Effects in HCT-116 Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050974. [PMID: 36900491 PMCID: PMC10001405 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the high-threat pathogens equipped with a repertoire of virulence factors making it responsible for many infections in humans, including foodborne diseases. The present study aims to characterize antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in foodborne S. aureus isolates, and to investigate their cytotoxic effects in human intestinal cells (HCT-116). Our results revealed methicillin resistance phenotypes (MRSA) along with the detection of mecA gene (20%) among tested foodborne S. aureus strains. Furthermore, 40% of tested isolates showed a strong ability for adhesion and biofilm formation. A high rate of exoenzymes production by tested bacteria was also registered. Additionally, treatment with S. aureus extracts leads to a significant decrease in HCT-116 cell viability, accompanied by a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Thereby, S. aureus food poisoning remains daunting and needs particular concern to prevent foodborne illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Zaki M. Al-Hasawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana A. Al-Quwaie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Na-Bangchang K, Cheoymang A, Muhamad N, Kulma I. Bioassay for total serum bioactivity of Atractylodes lancea. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:51-55. [PMID: 36950462 PMCID: PMC10026330 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_431_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to establish a bioassay for total bioactivity of Atractylodes lancea (AL) in human serum samples. Inhibition of bacterial growth (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The calibration curve (0, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 2.56, and 50 ng/μl) was linear with correlation coefficients >0.990. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.66 mg/ml using 20-ml serum sample. The developed bioassay method meets the standard of the bioanalytical method for determination of serum bioactivity of AL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Anurak Cheoymang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nadda Muhamad
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Inthuon Kulma
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan JA, Rathore RS, Ahmad I, Gill R, Husain FM, Arshad M, Alam P, Albalawi T, Al-Kheraif A, Akhtar J, Albarakaty FM, Neyaz LA, Elbanna K, Abulreesh HH. Assessment of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens in Buffalo Raw Milk Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Assay. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:750-757. [PMID: 36301255 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a putrescible commodity that is extremely prone to microbial contamination. Primarily, milk and dairy products are believed to be easily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms, including Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The microbiological quality of raw milk and dairy products regarding foodborne pathogens is of paramount importance due to concern of human health. In this study 400 buffalo raw milk samples were screened for assessing the prevalence of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus. This study implemented uniplex-polymerase chain reaction (u-PCR) and multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) assays for the fast simultaneous detection of these pathogens comparing to the conventional culturing methods. Raw milk samples were found contaminated with the prevalence of 2.2%, 4.0%, and 14.2% for L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus, respectively. These pathogens were detected with the optimized polymerase chain reaction assays after 6 h of enrichment. u-PCR and m-PCR demonstrated the limit of detection as 104, 102, and 10 cells/mL after 6, 12, 18, and 24 h for each culture of the pathogens. A high sensitivity (10 colony-forming unit [CFU]/mL) of the m-PCR protocol was noted. The developed protocol is a cost-effective and rapid method for the simultaneous detection of pathogens associated with raw milk and dairy industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahamad Khan
- Department of Natural Resource Management, Bedele Campus of Agriculture and Forestry, Mettu University, Bedele, Ethiopia
| | - Ram Swaroop Rathore
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rubina Gill
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javeed Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Fawziah M Albarakaty
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena A Neyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seetswane E, Loeto D, Muzila M, Tshekiso K, Gomba A, Baruti K, Jongman M. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling reveals a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitals, houseflies and adjacent informal food retailers in Botswana. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 36287593 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the environment, food and healthcare systems is a global public health concern. MRSA is reported to cause food poisoning, osteomyelitis and pyogenic infections of the skin, and consequently has been categorized as a high-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. Here, we determined the presence of MRSA in clinical (n=56), food (n=150) and housefly samples (n=970) collected from two hospitals in Botswana. Characterization based on phenotypic (antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production) and genotypic (antimicrobial resistance genes and integrons) profiles were performed on all isolates. Of the total samples tested, 64 were positive for MRSA following conventional culture methods and PCR amplification of the mecA and mecC genes for confirmation of presumptive MRSA isolates. The confirmed isolates included 71 % (95 % CI 83.2-59.6) from clinical, 9 % (95 % CI 14--4.8) from food, and 1 % (95 % CI 1.6-0.4) collected from housefly samples. In total 89 % (n=57) isolates in the current study showed a multidrug resistance phenotype, among these, resistance to β-lactams and glycoside antibiotic classes were predominant. Genotypic characterization showed the domination of the blatem gene (95 %) followed by fox (63 %) and tetO (19 %) whilst vanA was only reported in 13 % of the isolates. Integrons were detected in 50 % (32/64) of the total MRSA isolates, and we report a high prevalence of etd gene, detected in 67 % (43/64) of the isolates followed by eta 38 % (24/64) whilst tsst-1 (3%) was the least detected genetic determinant. The genes etb and PVL were not detected in a ll the tested MRSA isolates. We provide the first report on the prevalence of MRSA isolated from the clinical-food-vector nexus harbouring biofilm and blatem genes, and antibiotic resistance profiles in Botswana. These results are significant for risk-assessment analysis and the development of improved MRSA infection prevention and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunicah Seetswane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Daniel Loeto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mbaki Muzila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kgomotso Tshekiso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Annancietar Gomba
- National Health Laboratory Services, National Institute of Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kabo Baruti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mosimanegape Jongman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sultana S, Parvin R, Parvin MS, Islam MT, Bari ASM, Chowdhury EH. Prevalence of Methicillin and β−Lactamase Resistant Pathogens Associated with Oral and Periodontal Disease of Children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080890. [PMID: 36015011 PMCID: PMC9414569 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral and periodontal diseases (OPD) is considered one of the main problems of dentistry worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral and periodontal pathogenic bacteria along with their antimicrobial resistance pattern in 131 children patients aged between 4–10 years who attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during October 2019 to March 2020. OPD pathogens were identified through isolation, cultural and biochemical properties, and nucleic acid detection. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 antibiotics commonly used in dentistry. In addition, the isolates were analyzed molecularly for the presence of six virulence and three antibacterial resistance genes. Five pathogens were identified, of which Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (49%) and S. salivarius (46%) were noticed frequently; other bacteria included S. mutans (16.8%), S. sobrinus (0.8%) and L. fermentum (13.7%). The virulence genes—clumping factor A (clfA) was detected in 62.5% isolates of S. aureus, and gelatinase enzyme E (gelE) gene was detected in 5% isolates of S. salivarius, while other virulence genes were not detected. All the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant. The overall prevalence of MDR S. aureus, Streptococcus spp. and L. fermentum was 92.2%, 95.1% and 100%, respectively. It was observed that a high proportion of isolates were found resistant to 5–8 antibiotics. A majority of S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and L. fermentum isolates tested positive for the β−lactamase resistance genes blaTEM and cfxA, as well as the methicillin resistance gene mecA. Phylogenetically, the resistance genes showed variable genetic character among Bangladeshi bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, S. aureus and S. salivarius were major OPD pathogens in patients attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh, and most were Beta-lactam and methicillin resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sonia Parvin
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Saleh Mahfuzul Bari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamal Z, Su J, Yuan W, Raza F, Jiang L, Li Y, Qiu M. Red blood cell membrane-camouflaged vancomycin and chlorogenic acid-loaded gelatin nanoparticles against multi-drug resistance infection mice model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040496. [PMID: 35453247 PMCID: PMC9033113 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ST22 is considered a clinically important clone because an epidemic strain EMRSA-15 belongs to ST22, and several outbreaks of this clone have been documented worldwide. We performed genomic analysis of an S. aureus strain Lr2 ST22 from Pakistan and determined comparative analysis with other ST22 strains. The genomic data show that Lr2 belongs to spa-type t2986 and harbors staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa(2B), one complete plasmid, and seven prophages or prophage-like elements. The strain harbors several prophage-associated virulence factors, including Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)-based phylogenetic relationship inferred from whole genome and core genome revealed that strain Lr2 exhibits the nearest identities to a South African community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) ST22 strain and makes a separate clade with an Indian CA-MRSA ST22 strain. Although most ST22 strains carry blaZ, mecA, and mutations in gyrA, the Lr2 strain does not have the blaZ gene but, unlike other ST22 strains, carries the antibiotic resistance genes erm(C) and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Among ST22 strains analyzed, only the strain Lr2 possesses both PVL and TSST genes. The functional annotation of genes unique to Lr2 revealed that mobilome is the third-largest Cluster of Orthologous Genes (COGs) category, which encodes genes associated with prophages and transposons. This possibly makes methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Lr2 ST22 strain highly virulent, and this study would improve the knowledge of MRSA ST22 strains in Pakistan. However, further studies are needed on a large collection of MRSA to comprehend the genomic epidemiology and evolution of this clone in Pakistan.
Collapse
|
11
|
Juwita S, Indrawati A, Damajanti R, Safika S, Mayasari NLPI. Genetic relationship of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans, animals, environment, and Dangke products in dairy farms of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:558-564. [PMID: 35497954 PMCID: PMC9047149 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.558-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes several infectious diseases, including mastitis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis, and poses a threat to human and animal health. This study aims to phenotypically and genetically identify S. aureus from the isolates collected from humans, animals, environment, and Dangke products in the dairy farms of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, as well as to establish a genetic relationship among the isolated S. aureus strains. Materials and Methods: The total number of samples was 142, comprising 30 humans (skin swab), 58 animals (raw milk), 14 dairy products (Dangke), and 40 environmental samples (water). S. aureus was phenotypically identified using the culture method, followed by Gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase test. Simultaneously, genotypic identification of S. aureus was performed using the conventional polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Sequencing data were analyzed using the MEGA X software by comparing BLAST National Center for Biotechnology Information databases. Results: The phenotypic methods revealed that 56/142 (39.4%) animal, human, and Dangke samples grew on culture, and 56/56 (100%) were Gram stain positive, 56/56 (100%) catalase-positive, and 23/56 (41.1%) coagulase positive. The genotypic method revealed that 32/56 (57.1%) samples amplified the nuc gene. The phylogenetic analysis of 12 isolates revealed that they are all closely related and do not belong to distinct clades. Conclusion: It indicates that S. aureus isolates from animals (S30) are probably the same strain as human isolates (H2, H3, H4, and H5). The findings of this study can be used as information regarding the importance of preventing and controlling diseases caused by S. aureus using a health approach involving the human, animal, and environmental sectors. This study was limited to the sequencing analysis of the nuc gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sartika Juwita
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Indrawati
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Retno Damajanti
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Safika Safika
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akinola O, Okedigba I, Elutade O. Occurrence, antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from keypads of automated teller machines (ATM) in a private university, Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Guchhait KC, Manna T, Barai M, Karmakar M, Nandi SK, Jana D, Dey A, Panda S, Raul P, Patra A, Bhattacharya R, Chatterjee S, Panda AK, Ghosh C. Antibiofilm and anticancer activities of unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35152903 PMCID: PMC8843028 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistances of pathogens and breast cancer warrant the search for new alternative strategies. Phytoextracts can eradicate microbe-borne diseases as well as cancer with lower side effects compared to conventional antibiotics. AIM Unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts were explored as potential antibiofilm and anticancer agents in combating multidrug-resistant infectious bacteria as well as anticancer agents against the MDR breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Shed-dried neem seeds (both unripe and ripe) were pulverized and extracted using methanol. The chemical components were identified with FTIR and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Antibiofilm activity of neem seed extracts were assessed in terms of minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), and fluorescence microscopic studies on Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae. Bacterial cells were studied by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide as the staining agents. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were evaluated to observe the antibacterial activities. Cytotoxicity of the extracts against human blood lymphocytes and the anticancer activity against drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) studies. RESULTS 4-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one, phthalic acid, and 2-hexyl-tetrahydro thiophane were the major compounds in unripe neem seed, whereas 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4-H-pyran-4-one and 4-ethylbenzamide were predominant in ripe neem seed. Triazine derivatives were also common for both the extracts. MBIC values of unripe and ripe neem seed extracts for S. aureus are 75 and 100 µg/mL, respectively, and for V. cholerae, they are 100 and 300 µg/mL, respectively. MBEC values of unripe and ripe seed extracts are 500 and 300 µg/mL, respectively for S. aureus and for V. cholerae the values are 700 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence microscopic studies at 16 and 24 h, after bacterial culture, demonstrate enhanced antibiofilm activity for the ripe seed extract than that of the unripe seeds for both the bacteria. MTT assay reveals lower cytotoxicity of both the extracts towards normal blood lymphocytes, and anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) with superior activity of ripe seed extract. FACS studies further supported higher anticancer activity for ripe seed extract. CONCLUSIONS Methanolic extract of neem seeds could substantially inhibit and eradicate biofilm along with their potent antibacterial and anticancer activities. Both the extracts showed higher antibiofilm and antibacterial activity against S. aureus (gram-positive) than V. cholerae (gram-negative). Moreover, ripe seed extract showed higher antibiofilm and anticancer activity than unripe extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Chandra Guchhait
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Tuhin Manna
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Barai
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Monalisha Karmakar
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Kumar Nandi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata, 700094, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Jana
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditi Dey
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Panda
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Raul
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Anuttam Patra
- Chemistry of Interfaces Group, Luleå University of Technology, SE- 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Rittwika Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata, 700094, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Amiya Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
- Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu University of Jhargram, Jhargram, 721507, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nassar O, Desouky SE, El-Sherbiny GM, Abu-Elghait M. Correlation between phenotypic virulence traits and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105339. [PMID: 34861345 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous pathogen capable of infecting virtually all tissues and its one of the standout amongst the most hazardous microorganisms of high morbidity and mortality rates especially in debilitated patients with few successful antibiotic choices available. This pathogen regulating most virulence traits by that so-called quorum sensing (QS), a cell to cell communication system. the present study was intended to phenotypically evaluate the activity of specific virulence traits (including swarming and swimming motility, protease, pyocyanin, and biofilm production) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and assess the statistical correlation between these traits and antibiotic resistance. One hundred and thirteen bacterial isolates were obtained from different clinical samples and identified as P. aeruginosa, among them, 73.4% have the ability to forming biofilm with different degrees; 59.2% were able to produce pyocyanin pigment while all isolates having the ability to make swarming and swimming motility and able to produce protease enzyme with different degrees. The isolates that produce the higher levels of the virulence traits were identified by both biochemical using Vitek2 automated system and genetically via 16s rRNA gene analysis. The statistical analysis results indicate that a positive significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and other studied virulence traits except for protease (r = 0.584: 0.324, P < 0.05) while a non-significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and protease activity (r = 0.105, P ˃ 0.05). Swimming and swarming motility have a positive significant correlation with other studied virulence traits (r = 0.613: 0.297, P < 0.05) except for protease. Pyocyanin pigment production have a positive significant correlation with other studied virulence traits (r = 0.33: 0.297, P < 0.05) except for protease. on the other hand, negative significant correlations were found between biofilm formation, swimming; and swarming motility, Pyocyanin pigment production, and the susceptibility of antibiotics (r = -0.512: -0.281, P < 0.05). Detection of such correlations in P. aeruginosa is useful for study the behavior of this pathogen and may be provide a new target for the treatment of MDR infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Nassar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said E Desouky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El-Sherbiny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abu-Elghait
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Z, Xie J, Yang J, Liu S, Ding Z, Hao J, Ding Y, Zeng Z, Liu J. Pathogenic Characteristics and Risk Factors for ESKAPE Pathogens Infection in Burn Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4727-4738. [PMID: 34795489 PMCID: PMC8594746 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s338627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the clinical manifestations, antimicrobial resistance, molecular characteristics, and risk factors for ESKAPE pathogens infection in burn patients. Methods A retrospective study of 187 burn patients infected with ESKAPE pathogens was conducted at the Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (Luzhou, China) from October 2018 to June 2021. All strains were identified using a MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus System, and antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the VITEK system or the disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial resistance genes of multi-drug resistant ESKAPE (MDR-ESKAPE) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk factors for ESKAPE infection and MDR-ESKAPE infection. Results A total of 255 strains were isolated in various types of clinical specimens from 187 burn patients, of which 47.5% were ESKAPE pathogens (121/255). Among these, MDR-ESKAPE pathogens accounted for 55% (67/121). Additionally, aph3ʹIII, mecA, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaPDC, and blaSHV were the most prevalent genes detected in Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp., respectively. The independent risk factors for ESKAPE infection were total body surface area (TBSA) >30–50% (odds ratio [OR] = 10.428; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.047 to 53.108), TBSA >50% (OR = 15.534; 95% CI, 1.489 to 162.021), and parenteral nutrition (OR = 3.597; 95% CI, 1.098 to 11.787). No independent risk factors were found for MDR-ESKAPE infection. Conclusion Clinical staff should be alert to the risk of nosocomial infection with ESKAPE pathogens in burn patients receiving parenteral nutrition and under TBSA >30%. Full attention should also be paid to the ESKAPE resistance, strict adherence to infection control protocols for the rational use of antimicrobial agents, and enhanced clinical standardization of antimicrobial agents management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyinqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingling Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchen Hao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhuan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangrui Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Achek R, El-Adawy H, Hotzel H, Hendam A, Tomaso H, Ehricht R, Neubauer H, Nabi I, Hamdi TM, Monecke S. Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Human and Food Samples in Northern Algeria. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101276. [PMID: 34684225 PMCID: PMC8537606 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal resident of the skin and nasal cavities of humans and can cause various infections. Some toxigenic strains can contaminate food matrices and cause foodborne intoxications. The present study aimed to provide relevant information (clonal complex lineages, agr types, virulence and antimicrobial resistance-associated genes) based on DNA microarray analyses as well as the origins and dissemination of several circulating clones of 60 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food matrices (n = 24), clinical samples (n = 20), and nasal carriers (n = 16) in northern Algeria. Staphylococcus aureus were genotyped into 14 different clonal complexes. Out of 60 S. aureus, 13 and 10 isolates belonged to CC1-MSSA and CC97-MSSA, respectively. The CC 80-MRSA-IV was the predominant S. aureus strain in clinical isolates. The accessory gene regulator allele agr group III was mainly found among clinical isolates (70.4%). Panton–Valentine leukocidin genes lukF/lukS-PV were detected in 13.3% of isolates that all belonged to CC80-MRSA. The lukF/S-hlg, hlgA, and hla genes encoding for hemolysins and leucocidin components were detected in all Staphylococcusaureus isolates. Clinical and food isolates harbored more often the antibiotic resistance genes markers. Seventeen (28.3%) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecA gene localized on a SCCmec type IV element were identified. The penicillinase operon (blaZ/I/R) was found in 71.7% (43/60) of isolates. Food isolates belonging to CC97-MSSA carried several antibiotic resistance genes (blaZ, ermB, aphA3, sat, tetM, and tetK). The results of this study showed that all clones were found in their typical host, but interestingly, some nasal carriers had isolates assigned to CC705 thought to be absent in humans. The detection of MRSA strains among food isolates should be considered as a potential public health risk. Therefore, controlling the antibiotics prescription for a rational use in human and animal infections is mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Achek
- Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences, Djilali-Bounaama University, Soufay, Khemis-Miliana 44225, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers 16059, Algeria;
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Ashraf Hendam
- Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Expert Systems (CCICREES), Agricultural Research Center, 9 Algamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.E.); (S.M.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Ibrahim Nabi
- Faculty of Sciences, Yahia Farès University, Urban Pole, Médéa 26000, Algeria;
| | - Taha Mossadak Hamdi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers 16059, Algeria;
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.E.); (S.M.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Genomic Investigation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST113 Strains Isolated from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091121. [PMID: 34572703 PMCID: PMC8465543 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multi-drug resistant and opportunistic pathogen. The emergence of new clones of MRSA in both healthcare settings and the community warrants serious attention and epidemiological surveillance. However, epidemiological data of MRSA isolates from Pakistan are limited. We performed a whole-genome-based comparative analysis of two (P10 and R46) MRSA strains isolated from two provinces of Pakistan to understand the genetic diversity, sequence type (ST), and distribution of virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes. The strains belong to ST113 and harbor the SCCmec type IV encoding mecA gene. Both the strains contain two plasmids, and three and two complete prophage sequences are present in P10 and R46, respectively. The specific antibiotic resistance determinants in P10 include two aminoglycoside-resistance genes, aph(3’)-IIIa and aad(6), a streptothrin-resistance gene sat-4, a tetracycline-resistance gene tet(K), a mupirocin-resistance gene mupA, a point mutation in fusA conferring resistance to fusidic acid, and in strain R46 a specific plasmid associated gene ant(4’)-Ib. The strains harbor many virulence factors common to MRSA. However, no Panton-Valentine leucocidin (lukF-PV/lukS-PV) or toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst) genes were detected in any of the genomes. The phylogenetic relationship of P10 and R46 with other prevailing MRSA strains suggests that ST113 strains are closely related to ST8 strains and ST113 strains are a single-locus variant of ST8. These findings provide important information concerning the emerging MRSA clone ST113 in Pakistan and the sequenced strains can be used as reference strains for the comparative genomic analysis of other MRSA strains in Pakistan and ST113 strains globally.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tahmasebi H, Dehbashi S, Arabestani MR. Antibiotic resistance alters through iron-regulating Sigma factors during the interaction of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18509. [PMID: 34531485 PMCID: PMC8445946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a limiting factor in such a condition that usually is sequestered by the host during polymicrobial infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, which alters iron-related sigma factors regulation and antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was investigated in a L929 cell culture model. The expression level of pvdS, hasI (P. aeruginosa sigma factors), and sigS (S. aureus sigma factor) genes was determined using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. pvdS and hasI were downregulated during co-culture with S. aureus, while the susceptibility to carbapenems increased (p-value < 0.0001). Also, there was a direct significant relationship between resistance to vancomycin with sigS. Regarding the findings of the current study, iron-related sigma factors of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus play a role in induction susceptibility to various antibiotics, including carbapenems and vancomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Tahmasebi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehbashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tefera S, Awoke T, Mekonnen D. Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Factors from Surgical Ward Inpatients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3053-3062. [PMID: 34408449 PMCID: PMC8364347 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s324042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known superbug and leading causes of wound infections. The clinical epidemiology of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) is not well documented in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of MRSA, VRSA and associated factors from surgical inpatients in Debre Markos Referral Hospital (DMRH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2020 at DMRH. A structured questionnaire was used to gather demographic and clinical data. Wound swab was collected from inpatients and then inoculated on blood agar and mannitol salt agar. The presence of MRSA and VRSA was determined using the cefoxitin (30 μg) antibiotic disk diffusion and vancomycin E-test methods, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 242 wound cases were enrolled and the majority of them were males 172 (71.1%). Among the total enrolled cases, S. aureus was identified from 71 (29.3%) of the admitted patients. The proportion of MRSA was 32 (13.22%) and that of VRSA was 4.1%. The proportion of vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) was gauged at 4.5%. Hospital stay over 72 hrs, wound depth, current antibiotic use, and previous history of wound infection showed statistically significant association with MRSA. On the contrary, VRSA did not showed any significant association against the analyzed variables. Conclusion High proportions of S. aureus isolates became MRSA; resistant to all β-lactam antimicrobial agents excluding newer cephalosporin. In addition, the proportion of VRSA/VISA was also high. Multiple variables demonstrated significant associations with MRSA. Hence, intervention measures for MRSA risk groups must be in place. Furthermore, hospital infection control and an antibiotic stewardship program should be strengthened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samrawit Tefera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Debere Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Awoke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,Department of Health Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barai M, Manna E, Sultana H, Mandal MK, Guchhait KC, Manna T, Patra A, Chang CH, Moitra P, Ghosh C, Larsson AC, Bhattacharya S, Panda AK. Micro-structural investigations on oppositely charged mixed surfactant gels with potential dermal applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15527. [PMID: 34330954 PMCID: PMC8324821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicarboxylic amino acid-based surfactants (N-dodecyl derivatives of -aminomalonate, -aspartate, and -glutamate) in combination with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) form a variety of aggregates. Composition and concentration-dependent mixtures exhibit liquid crystal, gel, precipitate, and clear isotropic phases. Liquid crystalline patterns, formed by surfactant mixtures, were identified by polarizing optical microscopy. FE-SEM studies reveal the existence of surface morphologies of different mixed aggregates. Phase transition and associated weight loss were found to depend on the composition where thermotropic behaviours were revealed through combined differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric studies. Systems comprising more than 60 mol% HTAB demonstrate shear-thinning behaviour. Gels cause insignificant toxicity to human peripheral lymphocytes and irritation to bare mouse skin; they do not display the symptoms of cutaneous irritation, neutrophilic invasion, and inflammation (erythema, edema, and skin thinning) as evidenced by cumulative irritancy index score. Gels also exhibit substantial antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, a potent causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, suggesting its possible application as a vehicle for topical dermatological drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Barai
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Emili Manna
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Habiba Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Kartik Chandra Guchhait
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Tuhin Manna
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Anuttam Patra
- Chemistry of Interfaces Group, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- India and School of Applied & interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Anna-Carin Larsson
- Chemistry of Interfaces Group, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- India and School of Applied & interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Amiya Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Potential Impact of Moringa oleifera for Diminishing the Microbial Contamination and Prolonging the Quality and Shelf-Life of Chilled Meat. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was implemented to assess the mechanism by which Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) improves the quality and prolongs shelf-life of the broilers’ breast meat. Ninety Cobb chicks were randomly allocated to 3 groups. A control group received the standard diet, whereas the other two groups received diets containing MOLE at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg for 21 days. Inclusion of MOLE in broilers diet significantly reduced the detrimental changes in the overall sensory attribute scores, characteristic color and odor, and the loss of breast muscle elasticity during storage. Furthermore, it significantly reduced concentrations of thiobarbituric acid, total volatile nitrogen, non-esterified fatty acids, and peroxide, during storage compared to the control samples. No effect on the concentrations of heavy metals, such as copper, cadmium, and lead, was observed. Decomposition of samples was delayed as indicated by lower pH values and higher sensory scores at 4 and 6 days of storage in the MOLE groups. Reduced contamination with E. coli and Salmonella species indicated an antibacterial effect of MOLE. Finally, the present study highlights that MOLE supplementation may play a role in improving quality and shelf-life of the chilled breast meat in broilers.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chaurasia M, Agrawa N, Chourasia A, Bhatnagar M, Parihar G, Rastogi V, Tak A. Isolation, characterisation and antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcal isolates with special reference to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the anterior nares of healthcare workers in A tertiary healthcare centre. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed52-31190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and its resistant form methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens causing a wide range of infections in humans. The anterior nares are the main ecological niche for S. aureus. Nasal carriage of S. aureus acts as an important reservoir of infection among the colonised healthcare workers and they transmit the infection to the community. The aim of the present study was to estimate the nasal colonisation of S. aureus (with special reference to MRSA) in healthcare workers (doctors and nursing staff) and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods: A descriptive study was planned in the Department of Microbiology, JLN Medical College, Ajmer (Rajasthan, India) after due approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 170 healthcare workers of either sex aged between 18 to 60 years were screened for S. aureus. Identification was done using standard microbiological techniques, by studying their morphology, colony and biochemical characteristics. MRSA was detected by cefoxitin disc diffusion test, oxacillin disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin by E-test and oxacillin screen agar test. The observations were described in proportions and Chisquared test was used to find independence. Statistical significance was considered at 5 %. Results: Among 170 samples, 159 (93.53 %) samples (50 doctors and 109 nursing staff) had staphylococci colonisation. Among these 159 isolates, 34 (21.38 %) were S. aureus. Further, 8 (5.03 %) S. aureus isolates were resistant to both cefoxitin and oxacillin and had oxacillin MIC values ≥ 4 µg/mL and were considered MRSA. All the MRSA were detected in the nursing staff (males: 5.50 %, females: 1.83 %). All S. aureus and MRSA isolates were found sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin and mupirocin (minimum inhibitory concentration ≤ 4 µg/mL). Conclusion: Screening and treatment of healthcare workers colonised with MRSA should be an important component of hospital infection control policy. These measures will prevent spread of infection to patients and the community and thereby reduce the morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs associated with nosocomial infections.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dutta K, Karmakar A, Jana D, Ballav S, Shityakov S, Panda AK, Ghosh C. Benzyl isocyanate isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1000-1017. [PMID: 33172298 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1842877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isocyanate (BIC), from methanol extract of Psidium guajava leaves, exhibited substantial anti-biofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus, the common bacterial pathogen in nosocomial infections. Major components of the extract included eugenol, BIC, phenyl-2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-acetate and 2,5-pyrrolidinedione,1-penta-3-4-dienyl, analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC studies. BIC exhibited substantial anti-biofilm activitiy against S. aureus, established by assaying biofilm formation, biofilm metabolic activity, bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons, exopolysaccharide formation, and optical and scanning electron microscopic studies. BIC significantly downregulated the important biofilm markers of S. aureus, viz., icaAD, sarA and agr, observed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Molecular docking studies revealed thermodynamically favorable interaction of BIC with IcaA, SarA and Agr, having Gibbs energy values of -8.45, -9.09 and -10.29 kcal mol-1, respectively. BIC after binding to IcaR, the repressor of IcaA, influences its binding to target DNA site (Eshape, -157.27 kcal mol-1). The results are considered to demonstrate anti-biofilm potential of BIC against bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dutta
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Karmakar
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Jana
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Saroj Ballav
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amiya Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Diagnostic Values of Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.96682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen in community and hospital environments and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods are sensitive and acceptable molecular methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to develop detection assays for Staphylococcal mecA and spa using multiplex PCR and LAMP. Methods: Both methods were standardized, and detection limits were determined using serial dilutions of S. aureus DNA samples. Fifty-three clinical isolates of S. aureus were confirmed to the species level using biochemical tests and multiplex PCR and multiplex LAMP for the spa gene, while disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and detection of mecA genes were used for the assessment of methicillin resistance. Results: The PCR could detect the mecA and spa genes at 1 fg/mL and 10 fg/mL of bacterial DNA, which were equal to 35 and 350 gene copy numbers, respectively. Similarly, multiplex LAMP detected the spa and mecA genes at 0.1 fg/mL and 1 fg/mL of bacterial DNA, which were equal to 3.5 and 35 genome copy numbers, respectively. According to MIC and disk diffusion methods, four (7.54%) cases were oxacillin-sensitive methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 16 isolates were methicillin-sensitive, and 37 isolates were methicillin-resistant. According to multiplex PCR, 47.75% of the isolates were mecA-positive while in multiplex LAMP, 41 (35.77%) isolates were mecA-positive. Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex LAMP were higher than those of multiplex PCR and biochemical methods. Thus, we can apply the LAMP for the routine detection of MRSA.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jia B, Li X, Liu W, Lu C, Lu X, Ma L, Li YY, Wei C. GLAPD: Whole Genome Based LAMP Primer Design for a Set of Target Genomes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2860. [PMID: 31921040 PMCID: PMC6923652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology has been applied in a wide range of fields such as detection of foodborne bacteria and clinical pathogens due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, existing LAMP primer designing systems require a conserved gene or a short genome region as input, and they can’t design group-specific primers. With the growing number of whole genomes available, it is possible to design better primers to target a set of genomes with high specificity based on whole genomes. We present here a whole Genome based LAMP primer designer (GLAPD), a new system to design LAMP primer for a set of target genomes using whole genomes. Candidate single primer regions are identified genome wide and then combined into LAMP primer sets. For a given set of target genomes, only primer sets amplifying them and only these genomes will be output. In order to accelerate the primer designing, a GPU version is provided as well. The effectiveness of primers designed by GLAPD has been assessed for a wide range of foodborne bacteria. GLAPD can be accessed at http://cgm.sjtu.edu.cn/GLAPD/ or https://github.com/jiqingxiaoxi/GLAPD.git. A simple online version is also supplied to help users to learn and test GLAPD: http://cgm.sjtu.edu.cn/GLAPD/online/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jia
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Changde Lu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangxiao Ma
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaochun Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Goto T, Adachi Y, Doi R, Kosami K, Nakano Y, Hasegawa K, Wada M, Kobayashi E, Hirate K, Shimizu S, Ikehara S. An Autopsy Case of Rupture of Infectious Thoracic Aortitis Induced by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2019; 20:1612-1618. [PMID: 31678983 PMCID: PMC6849501 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.918892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 83 Final Diagnosis: Rupture of infectious thoracic aortitis Symptoms: Cardiac pulmonary arrest Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Medication Specialty: Pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Goto
- Department of Laboratory, Toyooka Hospital, Toyooka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Toyooka Hospital, Toyooka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Doi
- Department of Orthopedics, Asago-Medical Center, Asago, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koki Kosami
- Department of General Medicine, Asago-Medical Center, Asago, Hyogo, Japan.,Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yorika Nakano
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory, Toyooka Hospital, Toyooka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mika Wada
- Department of Laboratory, Toyooka Hospital, Toyooka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eri Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory, Toyooka Hospital, Toyooka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hirate
- Department of Laboratory, Toyooka Hospital, Toyooka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sigeki Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olwal CO, Ang'ienda PO, Ochiel DO. Alternative sigma factor B (σ B) and catalase enzyme contribute to Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm's tolerance against physico-chemical disinfection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5355. [PMID: 30926870 PMCID: PMC6440968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is the predominant cause of recalcitrant biofilm-associated infections, which are often highly resistant to antibiotics. Thus, the use of physico-chemical agents for disinfection offers a more effective approach to the control of S. epidermidis biofilm infections. However, the underlying tolerance mechanisms employed by S. epidermidis biofilm against these physico-chemical disinfectants remain largely unknown. The expression of a σB-dependent gene, alkaline shock protein 23 (asp23) and catalase activity by S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells exposed to heat (50 °C), 0.8 M sodium chloride (NaCl), 5 mM sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 50 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 60 minutes were compared. Significantly higher asp23 expression levels were observed in biofilms exposed to 50 °C, 5 mM NaOCl or 50 μM H2O2 compared to the corresponding planktonic cells (p < 0.05). Conversely, asp23 expression levels in biofilm and planktonic cells exposed to 0.8 M NaCl were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Further, biofilms exposed to 50 °C, 0.8 M NaCl, 5 mM NaOCl or 50 μM H2O2 exhibited significantly higher catalase activity than the planktonic cells (p < 0.05). These results suggest that activities of σB and catalase may be involved in the tolerance of S. epidermidis biofilm against physico-chemical disinfection.
Collapse
|
28
|
Espinoza J, Urzúa A, Sanhueza L, Walter M, Fincheira P, Muñoz P, Mendoza L, Wilkens M. Essential Oil, Extracts, and Sesquiterpenes Obtained From the Heartwood of Pilgerodendron uviferum Act as Potential Inhibitors of the Staphylococcus aureus NorA Multidrug Efflux Pump. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:337. [PMID: 30863385 PMCID: PMC6400098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a serious human pathogen that is highly adaptive to environmental conditions and rapidly develops antibiotic resistance. The use of efflux pumps to reduce antibiotic concentrations at the intracellular level is one of the main mechanisms by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. The management of efflux pumps, specifically NorA, which is expressed by S. aureus strains, is a valuable strategy for restoring susceptibility in strains resistant to antibacterial agents. In recent years, many studies have focused on searching for natural substances that can reverse efflux pump-mediated resistance in S. aureus. Extracts and compounds obtained from plants can be efficient efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and represent a potentially patient-friendly strategy for controlling S. aureus. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of essential oils, petroleum ether extracts, dichloromethane extract (DCME) and six compounds isolated from the heartwood of Pilgerodendron uviferum (Cupressaceae) and two synthetic derivatives to inhibit efflux in NorA pumps in the following three S. aureus strains: K2378, which overexpressed the norA gene (norA++), K1902 (norA-deleted, ΔnorA) and the parental strain, NCTC 8325-4. Efflux activity was evaluated using a fluorometric method that measured the accumulation of the universal efflux pump substrate ethidium bromide (EtBr). Only DCME and the compounds 15-copaenol and epi-cubenol inhibited EtBr efflux by K2378. Even the lowest concentration of 15-copaenol exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone on EtBr efflux by K2378. 15-copaenal only showed inhibition of EtBr efflux in K2378 cells at 125 μg/mL, but not superior to the control inhibitor and 15-copaenyl acetate exerted no intrinsic EPI activity against K2378. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values obtained in the checkerboard assays, indicated that all combinations between DCME, epi-cubenol and 15-copaenol, and tested antibiotics showed a synergistic effect in wild type, norA ++ and ΔnorA strains. Moreover, those were not toxic for the HeLa cell line at concentrations in which the synergistic effect and inhibitory activity of efflux pumps was determined. Other extracts and compounds obtained from P. uviferum did not display EtBr efflux-inhibiting activity against the evaluated S. aureus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alejandro Urzúa
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Sanhueza
- Nucleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Walter
- Laboratorio de Bioinorgánica SMATC, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Fincheira
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorios de Biotecnología y Nanobiotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Nucleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonora Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Wilkens
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Achek R, Hotzel H, Cantekin Z, Nabi I, Hamdi TM, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Emerging of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci isolated from clinical and food samples in Algeria. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:663. [PMID: 30208952 PMCID: PMC6134775 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci rose worldwide. In total, 96 Staphylococcus isolates from food and clinical samples were collected from two provinces in Algeria. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and resistance-associated genes were detected. Results Fifty-one strains were isolated from food samples and differentiated into 33 Staphylococcus aureus and 18 coagulase-negative staphylococci. Forty-five staphylococci were collected from hospital and community-acquired infection cases. All S. aureus isolated from food were resistant to penicillin and 45.5% were resistant to tetracycline. The resistance rates of 45 clinical Staphylococcus isolates were 86.7%, 48.9%, 37.8% and 20.0% to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and kanamycin, respectively. Nine isolates were confirmed as MRSA from food and clinical isolates. One S. aureus originated from food was confirmed as vancomycin-resistant. Multidrug-resistance was observed among 25.5% and 53.3% of food and clinical staphylococci, respectively. The tetM/K, blaZ, aacA-aphD, ermC and mecA genes were detected in food and clinical isolates. ermA gene was not found. This study provided insight into the status of antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from food and clinical samples in Algeria. Further investigations and surveillance programmes are mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Achek
- Faculty of Sciences, Yahia Farès University, Urban Pole, Médéa, Algeria. .,High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Zafer Cantekin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Sokmen Campus, 31000, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Nabi
- Faculty of Sciences, Yahia Farès University, Urban Pole, Médéa, Algeria
| | - Taha Mossadak Hamdi
- High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 35516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Karmakar A, Jana D, Dutta K, Dua P, Ghosh C. Prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene among Community Acquired Staphylococcus aureus: A Real-Time PCR Study. J Pathog 2018; 2018:4518541. [PMID: 30245888 PMCID: PMC6139182 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4518541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (luk-pv) is a cytotoxin that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the pv1, mecA, and nuc genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from anterior nares and superficial infection sites of skin in a slum population of West Bengal, India. Expression level of pv1 gene was also analysed. Twenty-two S. aureus strains were isolated, and phenotype and genotype specific examinations for S. aureus isolates were carried out. Molecular identification was done by PCR using species-specific 16S rRNA primer pairs and finally 22 isolates were found to be positive as S. aureus. The antibiotic responsiveness of all these isolates and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRSA isolates were determined using the broth dilution method with vancomycin. Antibiogram analysis of isolated S. aureus strains with respect to different antimicrobial agents revealed antibiotic resistance ranging from 27 to 91%. The results of MIC for vancomycin showed 95% of strains to be VSSA and 5% to be VISA. 68% isolates were resistant to methicillin. All the isolates were subjected to detection of pv1, mecA, and nuc genes, and 9%, 68%, and 27% were found to harbour pvl, mecA, and nuc genes, respectively. All the MRSA strains produced high to moderate levels of biofilm. pvl gene expression was carried out in vitro by Real-Time PCR. The low ∆Ct value (0.493) was indicative of high expression of pvl in one S. aureus strain. Thus, detection of pvl gene in community acquired S. aureus indicates the emergence of pathogenic S. aureus in community setup in the studied region. The existing exploration is extremely imperative and informative for the high level multi-drug resistant S. aureus infections inclusive of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Karmakar
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Debarati Jana
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Kunal Dutta
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Parimal Dua
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang L, Ren H, Zhou H, Qin T, Chen Y. Simultaneous Detection of Nine Key Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens Using Luminex xTAG ® Technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030223. [PMID: 28241513 PMCID: PMC5369059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to the outcome of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). In this study, we developed an assay combining multiplex PCR and Luminex technology (MPLT) for the detection of nine important respiratory bacterial pathogens, which frequently cause LRTIs. These were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Through the hybridization reaction between two new synthesized multiplex PCR products and MagPlex-TAG Microspheres, we demonstrate that the detection limits for these nine pathogens were as low as 102–103 CFU/mL. Furthermore, 86 clinical bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were used to evaluate this method. Compared with the results of nine simplex real-time PCR reactions targeting these nine pathogens, this MPLT assay demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy for Streptococcus pneumoniae (sensitivity, 87.5% and specificity, 100%). Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity for the other eight pathogens all attained 100% diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the consistency between MPLT and the nine real-time PCR reactions exceeded 98.8%. In conclusion, MPLT is a high-throughput, labor-saving and reliable method with high sensitivity and specificity for identifying nine respiratory pathogens responsible for LRTIs. Indeed, this assay may be a promising supplement to conventional methods used to diagnose LRTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Hongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|