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Dergilev K, Zubkova E, Guseva A, Tsokolaeva Z, Goltseva Y, Beloglazova I, Ratner E, Andreev A, Partigulov S, Lepilin M, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Induces Proangiogenic Profiling of Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Secretome and Increases Its Ability to Stimulate Angiogenic Properties of Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16575. [PMID: 38068898 PMCID: PMC10706276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease and its complications, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, are the leading causes of death in modern society. The adult heart innately lacks the capacity to regenerate the damaged myocardium after ischemic injury. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that stem-cell-based transplantation is one of the most promising treatments for damaged myocardial tissue. Different kinds of stem cells have their advantages for treating ischemic heart disease. One facet of their mechanism is the paracrine effect of the transplanted cells. Particularly promising are stem cells derived from cardiac tissue per se, referred to as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), whose therapeutic effect is mediated by the paracrine mechanism through secretion of multiple bioactive molecules providing immunomodulatory, angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Although secretome-based therapies are increasingly being used to treat various cardiac pathologies, many obstacles remain because of population heterogeneity, insufficient understanding of potential modulating compounds, and the principles of secretome regulation, which greatly limit the feasibility of this technology. In addition, components of the inflammatory microenvironment in ischemic myocardium may influence the secretome content of transplanted CDCs, thus altering the efficacy of cell therapy. In this work, we studied how Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), as a key component of the pro-inflammatory microenvironment in damaged myocardium from ischemic injury and heart failure, may affect the secretome content of CDCs and their angiogenic properties. We have shown for the first time that TNFa may act as a promising compound modulating the CDC secretome, which induces its profiling to enhance proangiogenic effects on endothelial cells. These results allow us to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the impact of the inflammatory microenvironment on transplanted CDCs and may contribute to the optimization of CDC efficiency and the development of the technology for producing the CDC secretome with enhanced proangiogenic properties for cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Dergilev
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zubkova
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alika Guseva
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoya Tsokolaeva
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 141534 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Goltseva
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Beloglazova
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ratner
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Andreev
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Partigulov
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Lepilin
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- Federal State Budgetary, Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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Motta SE, Martin M, Gähwiler EKN, Visser VL, Zaytseva P, Ehterami A, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Combining Cell Technologies With Biomimetic Tissue Engineering Applications: A New Paradigm for Translational Cardiovascular Therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:72-82. [PMID: 36806699 PMCID: PMC9985110 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, to date, the clinically available prostheses still present several limitations. The design of next-generation regenerative replacements either based on cellular or extracellular matrix technologies can address these shortcomings. Therefore, tissue engineered constructs could potentially become a promising alterative to the current therapeutic options for patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we selectively present an overview of the current tissue engineering tools such as induced pluripotent stem cells, biomimetic materials, computational modeling, and additive manufacturing technologies, with a focus on their application to translational cardiovascular therapies. We discuss how these advanced technologies can help the development of biomimetic tissue engineered constructs and we finally summarize the latest clinical evidence for their use, and their potential therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric K N Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valery L Visser
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Polina Zaytseva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Dept of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Shajib MS, Futrega K, Franco RAG, McKenna E, Guillesser B, Klein TJ, Crawford RW, Doran MR. Method for manufacture and cryopreservation of cartilage microtissues. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231176901. [PMID: 37529249 PMCID: PMC10387698 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231176901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The financial viability of a cell and tissue-engineered therapy may depend on the compatibility of the therapy with mass production and cryopreservation. Herein, we developed a method for the mass production and cryopreservation of 3D cartilage microtissues. Cartilage microtissues were assembled from either 5000 human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) or 5000 human articular chondrocytes (ACh) each using a customized microwell platform (the Microwell-mesh). Microtissues rapidly accumulate homogenous cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM), making them potentially useful building blocks for cartilage defect repair. Cartilage microtissues were cultured for 5 or 10 days and then cryopreserved in 90% serum plus 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or commercial serum-free cryopreservation media. Cell viability was maximized during thawing by incremental dilution of serum to reduce oncotic shock, followed by washing and further culture in serum-free medium. When assessed with live/dead viability dyes, thawed microtissues demonstrated high viability but reduced immediate metabolic activity relative to unfrozen control microtissues. To further assess the functionality of the freeze-thawed microtissues, their capacity to amalgamate into a continuous tissue was assess over a 14 day culture. The amalgamation of microtissues cultured for 5 days was superior to those that had been cultured for 10 days. Critically, the capacity of cryopreserved microtissues to amalgamate into a continuous tissue in a subsequent 14-day culture was not compromised, suggesting that cryopreserved microtissues could amalgamate within a cartilage defect site. The quality ECM was superior when amalgamation was performed in a 2% O2 atmosphere than a 20% O2 atmosphere, suggesting that this process may benefit from the limited oxygen microenvironment within a joint. In summary, cryopreservation of cartilage microtissues is a viable option, and this manipulation can be performed without compromising tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shafiullah Shajib
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rose Ann G Franco
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bianca Guillesser
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Travis J Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Mater Research Institute – University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Polonchuk L, Gentile C. Current state and future of 3D bioprinted models for cardiovascular research and drug development. ADMET AND DMPK 2022; 9:231-242. [PMID: 35300373 PMCID: PMC8920100 DOI: 10.5599/admet.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, 3D bioprinting technology has emerged as an innovative tissue engineering approach for regenerative medicine and drug development. This article aims at providing an overview about the most commonly used bioengineered tissues, focusing on 3D bioprinted cardiac cells and how they have been utilized for drug discovery and development. The review describes that, while this field is still developing, cardiovascular research may benefit from laboratory-engineered heart tissues built of specific cell types with precise 3D architecture mimicking the native cardiac microenvironment. It also describes the role played by regulatory agencies and potential commercialization pathways for direct translation from the bench to the bedside of studies using 3D bioprinted cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Polonchuk
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmine Gentile
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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5
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Barreiro Carpio M, Dabaghi M, Ungureanu J, Kolb MR, Hirota JA, Moran-Mirabal JM. 3D Bioprinting Strategies, Challenges, and Opportunities to Model the Lung Tissue Microenvironment and Its Function. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:773511. [PMID: 34900964 PMCID: PMC8653950 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lungs are organs with an intricate hierarchical structure and complex composition; lungs also present heterogeneous mechanical properties that impose dynamic stress on different tissue components during the process of breathing. These physiological characteristics combined create a system that is challenging to model in vitro. Many efforts have been dedicated to develop reliable models that afford a better understanding of the structure of the lung and to study cell dynamics, disease evolution, and drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the lung. This review presents methodologies used to develop lung tissue models, highlighting their advantages and current limitations, focusing on 3D bioprinting as a promising set of technologies that can address current challenges. 3D bioprinting can be used to create 3D structures that are key to bridging the gap between current cell culture methods and living tissues. Thus, 3D bioprinting can produce lung tissue biomimetics that can be used to develop in vitro models and could eventually produce functional tissue for transplantation. Yet, printing functional synthetic tissues that recreate lung structure and function is still beyond the current capabilities of 3D bioprinting technology. Here, the current state of 3D bioprinting is described with a focus on key strategies that can be used to exploit the potential that this technology has to offer. Despite today's limitations, results show that 3D bioprinting has unexplored potential that may be accessible by optimizing bioink composition and looking at the printing process through a holistic and creative lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Ungureanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R. Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jose Manuel Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Gähwiler EKN, Motta SE, Martin M, Nugraha B, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Human iPSCs and Genome Editing Technologies for Precision Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639699. [PMID: 34262897 PMCID: PMC8273765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originate from the reprogramming of adult somatic cells using four Yamanaka transcription factors. Since their discovery, the stem cell (SC) field achieved significant milestones and opened several gateways in the area of disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In parallel, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) revolutionized the field of genome engineering, allowing the generation of genetically modified cell lines and achieving a precise genome recombination or random insertions/deletions, usefully translated for wider applications. Cardiovascular diseases represent a constantly increasing societal concern, with limited understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The ability of iPSCs to differentiate into multiple cell types combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology could enable the systematic investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms or drug screening for potential therapeutics. Furthermore, these technologies can provide a cellular platform for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) approaches by modulating the expression or inhibition of targeted proteins, thereby creating the possibility to engineer new cell lines and/or fine-tune biomimetic scaffolds. This review will focus on the application of iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9, and a combination thereof to the field of cardiovascular TE. In particular, the clinical translatability of such technologies will be discussed ranging from disease modeling to drug screening and TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3D-microtissue derived secretome as a cell-free approach for enhanced mineralization of scaffolds in the chorioallantoic membrane model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5418. [PMID: 33686145 PMCID: PMC7940489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process and the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs (TECs) remains a challenge. The combination of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may enhance the healing process through paracrine effects. Here, we investigated the influence of cell format in combination with a collagen scaffold on key factors in bone healing process, such as mineralization, cell infiltration, vascularization, and ECM production. MSCs as single cells (2D-SCs), assembled into microtissues (3D-MTs) or their corresponding secretomes were combined with a collagen scaffold and incubated on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) for 7 days. A comprehensive quantitative analysis was performed on a cellular level by histology and by microcomputed tomography (microCT). In all experimental groups, accumulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan within the scaffold was observed over time. A pronounced cell infiltration and vascularization from the interface to the surface region of the CAM was detected. The 3D-MT secretome showed a significant mineralization of the biomaterial using microCT compared to all other conditions. Furthermore, it revealed a homogeneous distribution pattern of mineralization deposits in contrast to the cell-based scaffolds, where mineralization was only at the surface. Therefore, the secretome of MSCs assembled into 3D-MTs may represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for a next-generation bone healing concept.
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8
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Advanced Multi-Dimensional Cellular Models as Emerging Reality to Reproduce In Vitro the Human Body Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031195. [PMID: 33530487 PMCID: PMC7865724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hot topic in biomedical science is the implementation of more predictive in vitro models of human tissues to significantly improve the knowledge of physiological or pathological process, drugs discovery and screening. Bidimensional (2D) culture systems still represent good high-throughput options for basic research. Unfortunately, these systems are not able to recapitulate the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) environment of native tissues, resulting in a poor in vitro–in vivo translation. In addition, intra-species differences limited the use of animal data for predicting human responses, increasing in vivo preclinical failures and ethical concerns. Dealing with these challenges, in vitro 3D technological approaches were recently bioengineered as promising platforms able to closely capture the complexity of in vivo normal/pathological tissues. Potentially, such systems could resemble tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions and specific cell biological responses to mechanical and physical/chemical properties of the matrix. In this context, this review presents the state of the art of the most advanced progresses of the last years. A special attention to the emerging technologies for the development of human 3D disease-relevant and physiological models, varying from cell self-assembly (i.e., multicellular spheroids and organoids) to the use of biomaterials and microfluidic devices has been given.
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9
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Coyle RC, Barrs RW, Richards DJ, Ladd EP, Menick DR, Mei Y. Targeting HIF-α for robust prevascularization of human cardiac organoids. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:189-202. [PMID: 33868541 DOI: 10.1002/term.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevascularized 3D microtissues have been shown to be an effective cell delivery vehicle for cardiac repair. To this end, our lab has explored the development of self-organizing, prevascularized human cardiac organoids by co-seeding human cardiomyocytes with cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and stromal cells into agarose microwells. We hypothesized that this prevascularization process is facilitated by the endogenous upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in the avascular 3D microtissues. In this study, we used Molidustat, a selective PHD (prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes) inhibitor that stabilizes HIF-α, to treat human cardiac organoids, which resulted in 150 ± 61% improvement in endothelial expression (CD31) and 220 ± 20% improvement in the number of lumens per organoids. We hypothesized that the improved endothelial expression seen in Molidustat treated human cardiac organoids was dependent upon upregulation of VEGF, a well-known downstream target of HIF pathway. Through the use of immunofluorescent staining and ELISA assays, we determined that Molidustat treatment improved VEGF expression of non-endothelial cells and resulted in improved co-localization of supporting cell types and endothelial structures. We further demonstrated that Molidustat treated human cardiac organoids maintain cardiac functionality. Lastly, we showed that Molidustat treatment improves survival of cardiac organoids when exposed to both hypoxic and ischemic conditions in vitro. For the first time, we demonstrate that targeted HIF-α stabilization provides a robust strategy to improve endothelial expression and lumen formation in cardiac microtissues, which will provide a powerful framework for prevascularization of various microtissues in developing successful cell transplantation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Coyle
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ryan W Barrs
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Dylan J Richards
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Emma P Ladd
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Donald R Menick
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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10
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Ito M, Nomura S, Morita H, Komuro I. Trends and Limitations in the Assessment of the Contractile Properties of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes From Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:154. [PMID: 33102534 PMCID: PMC7494730 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCMs) from patients is expected in disease modeling and drug screening in vitro. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an intractable disease characterized by the impairment of systolic function and leads to severe heart failure. A number of researchers have focused on disease modeling of DCM and reproduced its pathologic phenotypes in hiPSCMs, but a robust method to evaluate the contractile properties of cardiomyocytes in vitro has not been standardized. In addition, it is unknown whether the throughput of measurements and analyses could be increased sufficiently for compound screening. Here, we reviewed the articles in which the contractile abnormalities of DCM hiPSCMs were recapitulated and assessed the trends and problems in sample preparation and evaluation. We found that single-cell level analysis was ineffective in some cases, and a tissue engineering approach has become dominant recently because of its increased efficiency in reproducing impaired contractility. We also examined two commercially available automated measurement devices with moderate throughput for motion analysis using two-dimensional hiPSCM sheets composed of originally established DCM hiPSCMs. As a result, both of the tested devices, an impedance analyzer and a video image-based cell motion analyzer, were not effective in detecting the expected reduction of contractility in the DCM clone. These findings collectively suggest that a tissue engineering approach could expand the potential of disease modeling with hiPSCMs, and so far, appropriate methods for in vitro force measurement with sufficient throughput, but without sacrificing physiological fidelity, are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Effect of Integrin Binding Peptide on Vascularization of Scaffold-Free Microtissue Spheroids. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:595-605. [PMID: 32710228 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic models via various approaches can be used by therapeutic applications of tissue engineering. Creating an optimal vascular microenvironment in 3D model that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) and providing an adequate blood supply for the survival of cell transplants are major challenge that need to be overcome in tissue regeneration. However, currently available scaffolds-depended approaches fail to mimic essential functions of natural ECM. Scaffold-free microtissues (SFMs) can successfully overcome some of the major challenges caused by scaffold biomaterials such as low cell viability and high cost. METHODS Herein, we investigated the effect of soluble integrin binding peptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) on vascularization of SFM spheroids of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vitro-fabricated microtissue spheroids were constructed and cultivated in 0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM of RGD peptide. The dimensions and viability of SFMs were measured. RESULTS Maximum dimension and cell viability observed in 2 mM RGD containing SFM. Vascular gene expression of 2 mM RGD containing SFM were higher than other groups, while 4 mM RGD containing SFM expressed minimum vascularization related genes. Immunofluorescent staining results indicating that platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression of 2 mM RGD containing SFM was higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SFM spheroids can be successfully vascularized in determined concentration of RGD peptide containing media. Also, soluble RGD incorporated SFMs can be used as an optimal environment for successful prevascularization strategies.
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Filippo Buono M, von Boehmer L, Strang J, P. Hoerstrup S, Y. Emmert M, Nugraha B. Human Cardiac Organoids for Modeling Genetic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071733. [PMID: 32698471 PMCID: PMC7409052 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies are characterized by changes in the function and structure of the myocardium. The development of a novel in vitro model could help to better emulate healthy and diseased human heart conditions and may improve the understanding of disease mechanisms. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrated the generation of cardiac organoids using a triculture approach of human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs)-from healthy subjects and cardiomyopathy patients-human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) and human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). We assessed the organoids' suitability as a 3D cellular model for the representation of phenotypical features of healthy and cardiomyopathic hearts. We observed clear differences in structure and beating behavior between the organoid groups, depending on the type of hiPS-CMs (healthy versus cardiomyopathic) used. Organoids may thus prove a promising tool for the design and testing of patient-specific treatments as well as provide a platform for safer and more efficacious drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Filippo Buono
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Lisa von Boehmer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Jaan Strang
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
- Wyss Translational Center Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
- Wyss Translational Center Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.Y.E.); (B.N.); Tel.: +41-44-634-5610 (M.Y.E.); +41-635-8533 (B.N.)
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.E.); (B.N.); Tel.: +41-44-634-5610 (M.Y.E.); +41-635-8533 (B.N.)
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Wang BJ, Alvarez R, Muliono A, Sengphanith S, Monsanto MM, Weeks J, Sacripanti R, Sussman MA. Adaptation within embryonic and neonatal heart environment reveals alternative fates for adult c-kit + cardiac interstitial cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:620-635. [PMID: 31891237 PMCID: PMC7180292 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac interstitial cells (CICs) perform essential roles in myocardial biology through preservation of homeostasis as well as response to injury or stress. Studies of murine CIC biology reveal remarkable plasticity in terms of transcriptional reprogramming and ploidy state with important implications for function. Despite over a decade of characterization and in vivo utilization of adult c-Kit+ CIC (cCIC), adaptability and functional responses upon delivery to adult mammalian hearts remain poorly understood. Limitations of characterizing cCIC biology following in vitro expansion and adoptive transfer into the adult heart were circumvented by delivery of the donated cells into early cardiogenic environments of embryonic, fetal, and early postnatal developing hearts. These three developmental stages were permissive for retention and persistence, enabling phenotypic evaluation of in vitro expanded cCICs after delivery as well as tissue response following introduction to the host environment. Embryonic blastocyst environment prompted cCIC integration into trophectoderm as well as persistence in amniochorionic membrane. Delivery to fetal myocardium yielded cCIC perivascular localization with fibroblast-like phenotype, similar to cCICs introduced to postnatal P3 heart with persistent cell cycle activity for up to 4 weeks. Fibroblast-like phenotype of exogenously transferred cCICs in fetal and postnatal cardiogenic environments is consistent with inability to contribute directly toward cardiogenesis and lack of functional integration with host myocardium. In contrast, cCICs incorporation into extra-embryonic membranes is consistent with fate of polyploid cells in blastocysts. These findings provide insight into cCIC biology, their inherent predisposition toward fibroblast fates in cardiogenic environments, and remarkable participation in extra-embryonic tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan J. Wang
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Alvin Muliono
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Sharon Sengphanith
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Megan M. Monsanto
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Joi Weeks
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Roberto Sacripanti
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
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Grijalva SI, Gu J, Li J, Fernandez N, Fan J, Sung JH, Lee SY, Herndon C, Buckley EM, Park S, Fenton FH, Cho HC. Engineered Cardiac Pacemaker Nodes Created by TBX18 Gene Transfer Overcome Source-Sink Mismatch. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901099. [PMID: 31763140 PMCID: PMC6864514 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Every heartbeat originates from a tiny tissue in the heart called the sinoatrial node (SAN). The SAN harbors only ≈10 000 cardiac pacemaker cells, initiating an electrical impulse that captures the entire heart, consisting of billions of cardiomyocytes for each cardiac contraction. How these rare cardiac pacemaker cells (the electrical source) can overcome the electrically hyperpolarizing and quiescent myocardium (the electrical sink) is incompletely understood. Due to the scarcity of native pacemaker cells, this concept of source-sink mismatch cannot be tested directly with live cardiac tissue constructs. By exploiting TBX18 induced pacemaker cells by somatic gene transfer, 3D cardiac pacemaker spheroids can be tissue-engineered. The TBX18 induced pacemakers (sphTBX18) pace autonomously and drive the contraction of neighboring myocardium in vitro. TBX18 spheroids demonstrate the need for reduced electrical coupling and physical separation from the neighboring ventricular myocytes, successfully recapitulating a key design principle of the native SAN. β-Adrenergic stimulation as well as electrical uncoupling significantly increase sphTBX18s' ability to pace-and-drive the neighboring myocardium. This model represents the first platform to test design principles of the SAN for mechanistic understanding and to better engineer biological pacemakers for therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I. Grijalva
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Jin‐mo Gu
- Department of PediatricsEmory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of PediatricsEmory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA
| | | | - Jinqi Fan
- Department of PediatricsEmory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Jung Hoon Sung
- Department of PediatricsEmory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA
- Department of Internal MedicineCHA Bundang Medical CenterSeoul13557South Korea
| | - Seung Yup Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Conner Herndon
- Department of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Sung‐Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Flavio H. Fenton
- Department of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA
- Department of PediatricsEmory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA
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15
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Schneider I, Baumgartner W, Gröninger O, Stark WJ, Märsmann S, Calcagni M, Cinelli P, Wolint P, Buschmann J. 3D microtissue-derived human stem cells seeded on electrospun nanocomposites under shear stress: Modulation of gene expression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 102:103481. [PMID: 31678737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different microenvironments trigger distinct differentiation of stem cells. Even without chemical supplementation, mechanical stimulation by shear stress may help to induce the desired differentiation. The cell format, such as three-dimensional (3D) microtissues (MTs), MT-derived cells or single cells (SCs), may have a pivotal impact as well. Here, we studied modulation of gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exposed to shear stress and/or after MT formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electrospun meshes of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/aCaP) at a weight ratio of 60:40 were seeded with human ASCs as MTs or as SCs and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without chemical supplementation. After 2 weeks of static culture, the scaffolds were cultured statically for another 2 weeks or placed in a Bose® bioreactor with a flow rate per area of 0.16 mL cm-2 min-1. Stiffness of the scaffolds was assessed as a function of time. After 4 weeks, minimum stem cell criteria markers and selected markers of osteogenesis, endothelial cell differentiation, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, cell distribution within the scaffolds and the allocation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) in the cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MTs decayed completely within 2 weeks after seeding on PLGA/aCaP. The osteogenic marker gene alkaline phosphatase and the endothelial cell marker gene CD31 were upregulated in MT-derived ASCs compared with SCs. Shear stress realised by fluid flow perfusion upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 expression in MT-derived ASCs and in SCs. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of YAP expression was doubled under perfusion compared with that under static culture for MT-derived ASCs and SCs. CONCLUSIONS Osteogenic and angiogenic commitments were more pronounced in MT-derived ASCs seeded on bone biomimetic electrospun nanocomposite PLGA/aCaP than in SCs seeded without induction medium. Furthermore, the static culture was superior to the perfusion regimen used here, as shear stress resulted in adipogenic commitment for MT-derived ASCs and SCs, although the YAP nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio indicated higher cell tensions under perfusion, usually associated with preferred osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schneider
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gröninger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Märsmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Roosens A, Handoyo YP, Dubruel P, Declercq H. Impact of modified gelatin on valvular microtissues. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:771-784. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Roosens
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Tissue Engineering GroupGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Tissue Engineering GroupGhent University Ghent Belgium
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Sánchez-Maldonado B, Galicia MDL, Rojo C, González-Gil A, Flor-García M, Picazo RA. Spheroids Spontaneously Generated In Vitro from Sheep Ovarian Cortical Cells Contain Integrating Cells That Exhibit Hallmarks of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1557-1576. [PMID: 30251912 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell spheroids are inducible or spontaneously generated cell aggregates produced in vitro that can provide a valuable model for developmental biology, stem cell biology, and cancer therapy research. This investigation aimed to define the cellular identity of spheroids spontaneously generated in vitro from sheep ovarian cortical cells cultured under specific serum-free conditions. Spheroids were characterized during 21 days of culture by morphometric evaluation, detection of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, gene expression analyses of stemness transcription factors and several lineage markers, immunolocalization analyses, as well as assessment of self-renewal and differentiation potential. Cell aggregation, evidenced from day 3 of culture onward, resulted in efficient generation of 65-75 spheroids for every 500,000 cells seeded. The spheroids reached maximum diameter (187 ± 15.9 μm) during the second week of culture and exhibited AP activity. Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog were expressed throughout the culture period, with upregulation of Sox2. Neural lineage specification genes (eg, nestin, vimentin, Pax6, and p75NTR) were expressed from day 10 onward at levels above that of Oct4, Nanog and those for endoderm [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)], and mesoderm (brachyury) specification. Neural stem cell (NSC)/neural progenitor cell (NPC) markers, nestin, Pax6, p75NTR, and vimentin, were extensively localized in cells on day 10, 15 (44.75% ± 5.84%; 93.54% ± 1.35%; 78.90% ± 4.80%; 73.82% ± 3.40%, respectively), and 21 (49.98% ± 5.30%; 91.84% ± 1.9%; 76.74% ± 11.0%; 95.80% ± 3.60%, respectively). Spheroid cell self-renewal was evidenced by cell proliferation and the generation of new spheroids during two consecutive expansion periods. Culture of spheroid cells under differentiation conditions gave rise to cells showing immunolocalization of the neuron-specific antigen NeuN and the astroglial antigen GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Our results indicate that spheroids spontaneously generated in this culture system were comprised of cells with molecular characteristics of NSC/NPC that can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, supporting the identity of spheroids as neurospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sánchez-Maldonado
- 1 Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - María de Lourdes Galicia
- 2 Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Concepción Rojo
- 3 Sección Departamental de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Alfredo González-Gil
- 2 Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Miguel Flor-García
- 4 Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM , Madrid, España.,5 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Rosa A Picazo
- 2 Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
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18
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Secco I, Barile L, Torrini C, Zentilin L, Vassalli G, Giacca M, Collesi C. Notch pathway activation enhances cardiosphere in vitro expansion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5583-5595. [PMID: 30138533 PMCID: PMC6201224 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiospheres (CSps) are self‐assembling clusters of a heterogeneous population of poorly differentiated cells outgrowing from in vitro cultured cardiac explants. Scanty information is available on the molecular pathways regulating CSp growth and their differentiation potential towards cardiac and vascular lineages. Here we report that Notch1 stimulates a massive increase in both CSp number and size, inducing a peculiar gene expression programme leading to a cardiovascular molecular signature. These effects were further enhanced using Adeno‐Associated Virus (AAV)‐based gene transfer of activated Notch1‐intracellular domain (N1‐ICD) or soluble‐Jagged1 (sJ1) ligand to CSp‐forming cells. A peculiar effect was exploited by selected pro‐proliferating miRNAs: hsa‐miR‐590‐3p induced a cardiovascular gene expression programme, while hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p acted as the most potent stimulus for the activation of the Notch pathway, thus showing that, unlike in adult cardiomyocytes, these miRNAs involve Notch signalling activation in CSps. Our results identify Notch1 as a crucial regulator of CSp growth and differentiation along the vascular lineage, raising the attracting possibility that forced activation of this pathway might be exploited to promote in vitro CSp expansion as a tool for toxicology screening and cell‐free therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Secco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues enhances the angiogenic activity and functional neovascularization capacity of human cardiopoietic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:37-52. [PMID: 30014173 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While cell therapy has been proposed as next-generation therapy to treat the diseased heart, current strategies display only limited clinical efficacy. Besides the ongoing quest for the ideal cell type, in particular the very low retention rate of single-cell (SC) suspensions after delivery remains a major problem. To improve cellular retention, cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues (MTs) prior to transplantation has emerged as an encouraging alternative. Importantly, 3D-MTs have also been reported to enhance the angiogenic activity and neovascularization potential of stem cells. Therefore, here using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay we comprehensively evaluate the impact of cell format (SCs versus 3D-MTs) on the angiogenic potential of human cardiopoietic stem cells, a promising second-generation cell type for cardiac repair. Biodegradable collagen scaffolds were seeded with human cardiopoietic stem cells, either as SCs or as 3D-MTs generated by using a modified hanging drop method. Thereafter, seeded scaffolds were placed on the CAM of living chicken embryos and analyzed for their perfusion capacity in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging assessment which was then linked to a longitudinal histomorphometric ex vivo analysis comprising blood vessel density and characteristics such as shape and size. Cellular self-assembly into 3D-MTs led to a significant increase of vessel density mainly driven by a higher number of neo-capillary formation. In contrast, SC-seeded scaffolds displayed a higher frequency of larger neo-vessels resulting in an overall 1.76-fold higher total vessel area (TVA). Importantly, despite that larger TVA in SC-seeded group, the mean perfusion capacity (MPC) was comparable between groups, therefore suggesting functional superiority together with an enhanced perfusion efficacy of the neo-vessels in 3D-MT-seeded scaffolds. This was further underlined by a 1.64-fold higher perfusion ratio when relating MPC to TVA. Our study shows that cellular self-assembly of human cardiopoietic stem cells into 3D-MTs substantially enhances their overall angiogenic potential and their functional neovascularization capacity. Hence, the concept of 3D-MTs may be considered to increase the therapeutic efficacy of future cell therapy concepts.
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20
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Kim TY, Kofron CM, King ME, Markes AR, Okundaye AO, Qu Z, Mende U, Choi BR. Directed fusion of cardiac spheroids into larger heterocellular microtissues enables investigation of cardiac action potential propagation via cardiac fibroblasts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196714. [PMID: 29715271 PMCID: PMC5929561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids generated through cellular self-assembly provide cytoarchitectural complexities of native tissue including three-dimensionality, extensive cell-cell contacts, and appropriate cell-extracellular matrix interactions. They are increasingly suggested as building blocks for larger engineered tissues to achieve shapes, organization, heterogeneity, and other biomimetic complexities. Application of these tissue culture platforms is of particular importance in cardiac research as the myocardium is comprised of distinct but intermingled cell types. Here, we generated scaffold-free 3D cardiac microtissue spheroids comprised of cardiac myocytes (CMs) and/or cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and used them as building blocks to form larger microtissues with different spatial distributions of CMs and CFs. Characterization of fusing homotypic and heterotypic spheroid pairs revealed an important influence of CFs on fusion kinetics, but most strikingly showed rapid fusion kinetics between heterotypic pairs consisting of one CF and one CM spheroid, indicating that CMs and CFs self-sort in vitro into the intermixed morphology found in the healthy myocardium. We then examined electrophysiological integration of fused homotypic and heterotypic microtissues by mapping action potential propagation. Heterocellular elongated microtissues which recapitulate the disproportionate CF spatial distribution seen in the infarcted myocardium showed that action potentials propagate through CF volumes albeit with significant delay. Complementary computational modeling revealed an important role of CF sodium currents and the spatial distribution of the CM-CF boundary in action potential conduction through CF volumes. Taken together, this study provides useful insights for the development of complex, heterocellular engineered 3D tissue constructs and their engraftment via tissue fusion and has implications for arrhythmogenesis in cardiac disease and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yun Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Celinda M. Kofron
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. King
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Markes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Amenawon O. Okundaye
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Zhilin Qu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
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21
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Correia C, Koshkin A, Duarte P, Hu D, Carido M, Sebastião MJ, Gomes-Alves P, Elliott DA, Domian IJ, Teixeira AP, Alves PM, Serra M. 3D aggregate culture improves metabolic maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:630-644. [PMID: 29178315 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) hold great promise for drug discovery, providing a better approximation to the in vivo physiology over standard two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. However, the transition of CM differentiation protocols from 2D to 3D cultures is not straightforward. In this work, we relied on the aggregation of hPSC-derived cardiac progenitors and their culture under agitated conditions to generate highly pure cardiomyocyte aggregates. Whole-transcriptome analysis and 13 C-metabolic flux analysis allowed to demonstrate at both molecular and fluxome levels that such 3D culture environment enhances metabolic maturation of hiPSC-CMs. When compared to 2D, 3D cultures of hiPSC-CMs displayed down-regulation of genes involved in glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis and increased expression of genes involved in OXPHOS. Accordingly, 3D cultures of hiPSC-CMs had lower fluxes through glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis and increased TCA-cycle activity. Importantly, we demonstrated that the 3D culture environment reproducibly improved both CM purity and metabolic maturation across different hPSC lines, thereby providing a robust strategy to derive enriched hPSC-CMs with metabolic features closer to that of adult CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Correia
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexey Koshkin
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Duarte
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dongjian Hu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Madalena Carido
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria J Sebastião
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gomes-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ibrahim J Domian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ana P Teixeira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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22
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Cardiac Progenitor Cells and the Interplay with Their Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7471582. [PMID: 29075298 PMCID: PMC5623801 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7471582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment plays a crucial role in the behavior of stem and progenitor cells. In the heart, cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) reside in specific niches, characterized by key components that are altered in response to a myocardial infarction. To date, there is a lack of knowledge on these niches and on the CPC interplay with the niche components. Insight into these complex interactions and into the influence of microenvironmental factors on CPCs can be used to promote the regenerative potential of these cells. In this review, we discuss cardiac resident progenitor cells and their regenerative potential and provide an overview of the interactions of CPCs with the key elements of their niche. We focus on the interaction between CPCs and supporting cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stimuli, and soluble factors. Finally, we describe novel approaches to modulate the CPC niche that can represent the next step in recreating an optimal CPC microenvironment and thereby improve their regeneration capacity.
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23
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Inspiration from heart development: Biomimetic development of functional human cardiac organoids. Biomaterials 2017; 142:112-123. [PMID: 28732246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in human organoids has provided 3D tissue systems to model human development, diseases, as well as develop cell delivery systems for regenerative therapies. While direct differentiation of human embryoid bodies holds great promise for cardiac organoid production, intramyocardial cell organization during heart development provides biological foundation to fabricate human cardiac organoids with defined cell types. Inspired by the intramyocardial organization events in coronary vasculogenesis, where a diverse, yet defined, mixture of cardiac cell types self-organizes into functional myocardium in the absence of blood flow, we have developed a defined method to produce scaffold-free human cardiac organoids that structurally and functionally resembled the lumenized vascular network in the developing myocardium, supported hiPSC-CM development and possessed fundamental cardiac tissue-level functions. In particular, this development-driven strategy offers a robust, tunable system to examine the contributions of individual cell types, matrix materials and additional factors for developmental insight, biomimetic matrix composition to advance biomaterial design, tissue/organ-level drug screening, and cell therapy for heart repair.
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24
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Moffat JG, Vincent F, Lee JA, Eder J, Prunotto M. Opportunities and challenges in phenotypic drug discovery: an industry perspective. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:531-543. [PMID: 28685762 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) approaches do not rely on knowledge of the identity of a specific drug target or a hypothesis about its role in disease, in contrast to the target-based strategies that have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry in the past three decades. However, in recent years, there has been a resurgence in interest in PDD approaches based on their potential to address the incompletely understood complexity of diseases and their promise of delivering first-in-class drugs, as well as major advances in the tools for cell-based phenotypic screening. Nevertheless, PDD approaches also have considerable challenges, such as hit validation and target deconvolution. This article focuses on the lessons learned by researchers engaged in PDD in the pharmaceutical industry and considers the impact of 'omics' knowledge in defining a cellular disease phenotype in the era of precision medicine, introducing the concept of a chain of translatability. We particularly aim to identify features and areas in which PDD can best deliver value to drug discovery portfolios and can contribute to the identification and the development of novel medicines, and to illustrate the challenges and uncertainties that are associated with PDD in order to help set realistic expectations with regard to its benefits and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Moffat
- Biochemical &Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Discovery Sciences, Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lee
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | - Jörg Eder
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prunotto
- Phenotype and Target ID, Chemical Biology, pRED, Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland. Present address: Office of Innovation, Immunology, Infectious Diseases &Ophthalmology (I2O), Roche Late Stage Development, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Cambria E, Pasqualini FS, Wolint P, Günter J, Steiger J, Bopp A, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Translational cardiac stem cell therapy: advancing from first-generation to next-generation cell types. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:17. [PMID: 29302353 PMCID: PMC5677990 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure rank among the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Except for heart transplantation, current therapy options only treat the symptoms but do not cure the disease. Stem cell-based therapies represent a possible paradigm shift for cardiac repair. However, most of the first-generation approaches displayed heterogeneous clinical outcomes regarding efficacy. Stemming from the desire to closely match the target organ, second-generation cell types were introduced and rapidly moved from bench to bedside. Unfortunately, debates remain around the benefit of stem cell therapy, optimal trial design parameters, and the ideal cell type. Aiming at highlighting controversies, this article provides a critical overview of the translation of first-generation and second-generation cell types. It further emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of cardiac repair and the lessons learned from first-generation trials, in order to improve cell-based therapies and to potentially finally implement cell-free therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cambria
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Wolint
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Julia Günter
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Julia Steiger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Annina Bopp
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland.,Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland.,Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Jamaiyar A, Wan W, Ohanyan V, Enrick M, Janota D, Cumpston D, Song H, Stevanov K, Kolz CL, Hakobyan T, Dong F, Newby BMZ, Chilian WM, Yin L. Alignment of inducible vascular progenitor cells on a micro-bundle scaffold improves cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:41. [PMID: 28540527 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is still the leading cause of death even with the advancement of pharmaceutical therapies and surgical procedures. Early vascularization in the ischemic heart is critical for a better outcome. Although stem cell therapy has great potential for cardiovascular regeneration, the ideal cell type and delivery method of cells have not been resolved. We tested a new approach of stem cell therapy by delivery of induced vascular progenitor cells (iVPCs) grown on polymer micro-bundle scaffolds in a rat model of myocardial infarction. iVPCs partially reprogrammed from vascular endothelial cells (ECs) had potent angiogenic potential and were able to simultaneously differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ECs in 2D culture. Under hypoxic conditions, iVPCs also secreted angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A longitudinal micro-scaffold made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) was sufficient for the growth and delivery of iVPCs. Co-cultured ECs and SMCs aligned well on the micro-bundle scaffold similarly as in the vessels. 3D cell/polymer micro-bundles formed by iVPCs and micro-scaffolds were transplanted into the ischemic myocardium in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) with ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Our in vivo data showed that iVPCs on the micro-bundle scaffold had higher survival, and better retention and engraftment in the myocardium than free iVPCs. iVPCs on the micro-bundles promoted better cardiomyocyte survival than free iVPCs. Moreover, iVPCs and iVPC/polymer micro-bundles treatment improved cardiac function (ejection fraction and fractional shortening, endocardial systolic volume) measured by echocardiography, increased vessel density, and decreased infarction size [endocardial and epicardial infarct (scar) length] better than untreated controls at 8 weeks after MI. We conclude that iVPCs grown on a polymer micro-bundle scaffold are new promising approach for cell-based therapy designed for cardiovascular regeneration in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Jamaiyar
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Vahagn Ohanyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Molly Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Danielle Janota
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Devan Cumpston
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Hokyung Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Kelly Stevanov
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Christopher L Kolz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Tatev Hakobyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Bi-Min Zhang Newby
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
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27
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Mawad D, Figtree G, Gentile C. Current Technologies Based on the Knowledge of the Stem Cells Microenvironments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1041:245-262. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Cambria E, Steiger J, Günter J, Bopp A, Wolint P, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Cardiac Regenerative Medicine: The Potential of a New Generation of Stem Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:275-281. [PMID: 27721703 DOI: 10.1159/000448179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem cell therapy holds great potential to prompt myocardial regeneration in patients with ischemic heart disease. The selection of the most suitable cell type is pivotal for its successful application. Various cell types, including crude bone marrow mononuclear cells, skeletal myoblast, and hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors, have already advanced into the clinical arena based on promising results from different experimental and preclinical studies. However, most of these so-called first-generation cell types have failed to fully emulate the promising preclinical data in clinical trials, resulting in heterogeneous outcomes and a critical lack of translation. Therefore, different next-generation cell types are currently under investigation for the treatment of the diseased myocardium. This review article provides an overview of current stem cell therapy concepts, including the application of cardiac stem (CSCs) and progenitor cells (CPCs) and lineage commitment via guided cardiopoiesis from multipotent cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or pluripotent cells such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, it introduces new strategies combining complementary cell types, such as MSCs and CSCs/CPCs, which can yield synergistic effects to boost cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cambria
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Steiger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Günter
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina Bopp
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Stem Cell Banking and Its Impact on Cardiac Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:163-178. [PMID: 27837563 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, are the most frequent cause of death annually, even higher than any other pathologies. Specifically, patients who suffer from myocardial infarction may encounter adverse remodeling processes of the heart that can ultimately lead to heart failure. Prognosis of patients affected by heart failure is very poor with 5-year mortality close to 50 %. Despite the impressive progress in the clinical treatment of heart failure in recent years, heart transplantation is still required to avoid death as the result of the inexorable decline in cardiac function. Unfortunately, the availability of donor human hearts for transplantation largely fails to cover the number of potential recipient requests. From this urgent unmet clinical need the interest in stem cell applications for heart regeneration made its start, and has rapidly grown in the last decades. Indeed, the discovery and application of stem and progenitor cells as therapeutic agents has raised substantial interest with the objective of reversing these processes, and ultimately inducing cardiac regeneration. In this scenario, the role of biobanking may play a remarkable role to provide cells at the right time according to the patient's clinical needs, mostly for autologous use in the acute setting of myocardial infarction, largely reducing the time needed for cell preparation and expansion before administration.
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