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Zheng H, Wang H, Xu Y, Xu X, Zhu Z, Fang J, Song Z, Liu J. MST2 Acts via AKT Activity to Promote Neurite Outgrowth and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04158-9. [PMID: 38581538 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes a significant clinical challenge, and there is extensive research focused on identifying molecular activities that can facilitate the repair of spinal cord injuries. Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2 (MST2), a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway, plays a key role in apoptosis and cell growth. However, its role in neurite outgrowth after spinal cord injury remains unknown. Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that MST2, predominantly expressed in neurons, actively participated in the natural development of the CNS. Post-SCI, MST2 expression significantly increased, indicating its activation and potential role in the early stages of neural recovery. Detailed analyses showed that MST2 knockdown impaired neurite outgrowth and motor function recovery, whereas MST2 overexpression led to the opposite effects, underscoring MST2's neuroprotective role in enhancing neural repair. Further, we elucidated the mechanism underlying MST2's action, revealing its interaction with AKT and positive regulation of AKT activity, a well-established promoter of neurite outgrowth. Notably, MST2's promotion of neurite outgrowth and motor functional recovery was diminished by AKT inhibitors, highlighting the dependency of MST2's neuroprotective effects on AKT signaling. In conclusion, our findings affirmed MST2's pivotal role in fostering neuronal neurite outgrowth and facilitating functional recovery after SCI, mediated through its positive modulation of AKT activity. In conclusion, our findings confirmed MST2's crucial role in neural protection, promoting neurite outgrowth and functional recovery after SCI through positive AKT activity modulation. These results position MST2 as a potential therapeutic target for SCI, offering new insights into strategies for enhancing neuroregeneration and functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Danyang, 212300, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The NO. 2 People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhenghuan Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Fang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
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Qi L, Jiang W, He W, Li X, Wu J, Chen S, Liao Z, Yu S, Liu J, Sun Y, Wu Q, Dong C, Wang Q. Transcriptome profile analysis in spinal cord injury rats with transplantation of menstrual blood-derived stem cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1335404. [PMID: 38361743 PMCID: PMC10867146 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1335404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are vital in treating many degenerative and traumatic disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure in MenSCs-treating spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. Methods MenSCs were adopted into the injured sites of rat spinal cords at day 7 post surgery and the tissues were harvested for total RNA sequencing analysis at day 21 after surgery to investigate the expression patterns of RNAs. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with volcano and heatmap plot. DEGs were sequentially analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network, functional enrichment, and competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network analysis. Next, expression of selected miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs and mRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics packages and extra databases were enrolled to scoop the genes functions and their interaction relationships. Results A total of 89 lncRNAs, 65 circRNAs, 120 miRNAs and 422 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and 65 lncRNAs, 72 circRNAs, 74 miRNAs, and 190 mRNAs were significantly downregulated in the MenSCs treated rats compared to SCI ones. Current investigation revealed that MenSCs treatment improve the recovery of the injured rats and the most significantly involved pathways in SCI regeneration were cell adhesion molecules, nature killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, primary immunodeficiency, chemokine signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway and B cell receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network of SCI was constructed. Finally, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the top 100 DE mRNAs. The constructed PPI network included 47 nodes and 70 edges. Discussion In summary, the above results revealed the expression profile and potential functions of differentially expressed (DE) RNAs in the injured spinal cords of rats in the MenSCs-treated and SCI groups, and this study may provide new clues to understand the mechanisms of MenSCs in treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longju Qi
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwei Jiang
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhua He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Xiangzhe Li
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahuan Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehua Liao
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinfeng Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Yuan H, Chen L, Zhang LC, Shi LL, Han XF, Liu S, Xiong LL, Wang TH. Microarray analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs in spinal cord contusion rats with iPSC-derived A2B5 + oligodendrocyte precursor cells transplantation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22808. [PMID: 38169755 PMCID: PMC10758718 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe complication of spinal trauma with high disability and mortality rates. Effective therapeutic methods to alleviate neurobehavioural deficits in patients with SCI are still lacking. In this study, we established a spinal cord contusion (SCC) model in adult Sprague Dawley rats. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived A2B5+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells (iP-A2B5+OPCs) were obtained from mouse embryonic fibroblasts and injected into the lesion sites of SCC rats. Serological testing and magnetic resonance imaging were employed to determine the effect of iP-A2B5+OPCs cell therapy. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score and inclined plane test were performed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after cell transplantation, respectively. Differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were detected by microarray analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to analyse the biological functions of these lncRNAs and mRNAs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify variations in the expression of crucial target genes. The results demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cells exhibited embryonic stem cell-like morphology and could differentiate into diverse neural cells dominated by oligodendrocytes. The neurobehavioural performance of rats treated with iP-A2B5+OPCs transplantation was better than that of rats with SCC without cell transplantation. Notably, we found that 22 lncRNAs and 42 mRNAs were concurrently altered after cell transplantation, and the key lncRNA (NR_037671) and target gene (Cntnap5a) were identified in the iP-A2B5+OPCs group. Moreover, RT-qPCR revealed that iP-A2B5+OPCs transplantation reversed the downregulation of NR_037671 induced by SCC. Our findings indicated that iP-A2B5+OPCs transplantation effectively improves neurological function recovery after SCC, and the mechanism might be related to alterations in the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs, such as NR_037671 and Cntnap5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan-Chun Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Lan-Lan Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Fei Han
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Su Liu
- Internal Center of Spinal Cord Injury, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21250, Maryland, USA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, 21250, Maryland, USA
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Zhu D, Peng T, Zhang Z, Guo S, Su Y, Zhang K, Wang J, Liu C. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing XIST induce macrophage M2 polarization and improve neural stem cell homeostatic microenvironment, alleviating spinal cord injury. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314231219280. [PMID: 38223166 PMCID: PMC10785713 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231219280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant cause of disability worldwide, with limited treatment options. This study investigated the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified with XIST lentiviral vector to modulate macrophage polarization and affect neural stem cell (NSC) microenvironment reconstruction following SCI. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MID1 might be crucial for BMSCs' treatment of SCI. XIST overexpression enriched Zmynd8 to the promoter region of MID1 and inhibited MID1 transcription, which promoted macrophage M2 polarization. In vitro experiments showed that BMSCs-XIST promoted NSC proliferation, migration, differentiation, and axonal growth by inducing macrophage M2 polarization, suppressing inflammation, and accelerating the re-establishment of the homeostatic microenvironment of NSCs. In vivo, animal experiments confirmed that BMSCs-XIST significantly alleviated SCI by promoting NSC differentiation and axon formation in the injured area. The study demonstrated the potential of XIST-overexpressing BMSCs for treating SCI by regulating macrophage polarization and homeostasis of the NSC microenvironment. These findings provide new insights into the development of stem cell-based therapies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
| | - Tie Peng
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
| | - Ying Su
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
| | - Kangwei Zhang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P.R. China
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Yan Q, Xun Y, Lei D, Zhai H. Tanshinone IIA protects motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury by the regulation of the lncRNA TCTN2/miR-125a-5p/DUSP1 axis. Regen Ther 2023; 24:417-425. [PMID: 37727797 PMCID: PMC10506057 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) exerts a protective role in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the mechanism of TSIIA activity in SCI remains to be elucidated. Methods Cell viability and apoptosis were gauged by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression levels of lncRNA TCTN2, miR-125a-5p and DUSP1 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Direct relationship between miR-125a-5p and TCTN2 or DUSP1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results In mouse NSC-34 cells, LPS reduced the expression of TCTN2. TSIIA alleviated cell injury induced by LPS and increased TCTN2 expression in LPS-exposed NSC-34 cells. TCTN2 was a downstream mediator of TSIIA activity. TCTN2 targeted miR-125a-5p, and TCTN2 over-expression attenuated LPS-induced cell damage in NSC-34 cells by down-regulating miR-125a-5p. TCTN2 functioned as a post-transcriptional regulator of DUSP1 expression through miR-125a-5p. DUSP1 was a functional target of miR-125a-5p in controlling NSC-34 cell injury induced by LPS. TSIIA inhibited miR-125a-5p expression and increased the level of DUSP1 protein in LPS-exposed NSC-34 cells. Conclusion Our study establishes a novel mechanism, the TCTN2/miR-125a-5p/DUSP1 axis, at least in part, for the protective activity of TSIIA in cell injury induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debao Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Zhai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei, China
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Wu R, Lin H, Zhang W, Sun Y, Qian X, Lin G, Ma C, Dong Z, Yu B, Yang L, Liu Y, Liu M. Cooperation of long noncoding RNA LOC100909675 and transcriptional regulator CTCF modulates Cdk1 transcript to control astrocyte proliferation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105153. [PMID: 37567476 PMCID: PMC10485634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte activation and proliferation contribute to glial scar formation during spinal cord injury (SCI), which limits nerve regeneration. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in astrocyte proliferation and act as novel epigenetic regulators. Here, we found that lncRNA-LOC100909675 (LOC9675) expression promptly increased after SCI and that reducing its expression decreased the proliferation and migration of the cultured spinal astrocytes. Depletion of LOC9675 reduced astrocyte proliferation and facilitated axonal regrowth after SCI. LOC9675 mainly localized in astrocytic nuclei. We used RNA-seq to analyze gene expression profile alterations in LOC9675-depleted astrocytes and identified the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) gene as a hub candidate. Our RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays showed that LOC9675 directly interacted with the transcriptional regulator CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF). Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, together with downregulated/upregulated expression investigation, revealed that CTCF is a novel regulator of the Cdk1 gene. Interestingly, we found that with the simultaneous overexpression of CTCF and LOC9675 in astrocytes, the Cdk1 transcript was restored to the normal level. We then designed the deletion construct of LOC9675 by removing its interacting region with CTCF and found this effect disappeared. A transcription inhibition assay using actinomycin D revealed that LOC9675 could stabilize Cdk1 mRNA, while LOC9675 depletion or binding with CTCF reduced Cdk1 mRNA stability. These data suggest that the cooperation between CTCF and LOC9675 regulates Cdk1 transcription at a steady level, thereby strictly controlling astrocyte proliferation. This study provides a novel perspective on the regulation of the Cdk1 gene transcript by lncRNA LOC9675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haixu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaowei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhangji Dong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Departement of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Zan CF, Wei WF, Li JA, Shi MP, Cong L, Gu MY, Chen YH, Wang SY, Li ZH. Circulating exosomal lncRNA contributes to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury in rats. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:889-894. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Microarray and Bioinformatics Analysis of Differential Gene and lncRNA Expression during Erythropoietin Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4121910. [PMID: 36092786 PMCID: PMC9462987 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We performed a genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression to identify novel targets for the further study of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods Nine rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. No operation was performed in group 1. In groups 2 and 3, a laminectomy was performed at the 10th thoracic vertebra, and a contusion injury was induced by extradural application of an aneurysm clip. Group 1 rats did not receive any treatment, group 2 rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, and group 3 rats received rhEPO. Three days after injury, spinal cord tissues were collected for RNA-Seq, microarray, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Results Compared with group 1, 4,446 genes were found to be differentially expressed in group 2. Furthermore, 99 lncRNAs were found to be changed in the injury group. The data indicate that 2,471 mRNAs were upregulated, and 1,975 mRNAs were downregulated in group 2 as compared with group 1. In addition, 45 of the lncRNAs were upregulated, and the other 44 lncRNAs were downregulated. The top 5 upregulated and top 5 downregulated lncRNAs that were different between group 2 and group 1 are shown. The top 5 downregulated and the top 5 upregulated lncRNAs that were different between group 3 and group 2 are shown. Conclusion RhEPO treatment alters the expression profiles of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes beneficial to the development of new treatments.
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Wu X, Wei H, Wu JQ. Coding and long non-coding gene expression changes in the CNS traumatic injuries. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:123. [PMID: 35129669 PMCID: PMC8907010 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are two main central nervous system (CNS) traumas, caused by external physical insults. Both injuries have devastating effects on the quality of life, and there is no effective therapy at present. Notably, gene expression profiling using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) have revealed significant changes in many coding and non-coding genes, as well as important pathways in SCI and TBI. Particularly, recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with lengths greater than 200 nucleotides and without protein-coding potential have tissue- and cell type-specific expression pattern and play critical roles in CNS injury by gain- and loss-of-function approaches. LncRNAs have been shown to regulate protein-coding genes or microRNAs (miRNAs) directly or indirectly, participating in processes including inflammation, glial activation, cell apoptosis, and vasculature events. Therefore, lncRNAs could serve as potential targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SCI and TBI. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in transcriptome studies of SCI and TBI and insights into molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haichao Wei
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Zhang XM, Zeng LN, Yang WY, Ding L, Chen KZ, Fu WJ, Zeng SQ, Liang YR, Chen GH, Wu HF. Inhibition of LncRNA Vof-16 expression promotes nerve regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:217-227. [PMID: 34100459 PMCID: PMC8451561 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous RNA sequencing study showed that the long non-coding RNA ischemia-related factor Vof-16 (lncRNA Vof-16) was upregulated after spinal cord injury, but its precise role in spinal cord injury remains unclear. Bioinformatics predictions have indicated that lncRNA Vof-16 may participate in the pathophysiological processes of inflammation and apoptosis. PC12 cells were transfected with a pHBLV-U6-MCS-CMV-ZsGreen-PGK-PURO vector to express an lncRNA Vof-16 knockdown lentivirus and a pHLV-CMVIE-ZsGree-Puro vector to express an lncRNA Vof-16 overexpression lentivirus. The overexpression of lncRNA Vof-16 inhibited PC12 cell survival, proliferation, migration, and neurite extension, whereas lncRNA Vof-16 knockdown lentiviral vector resulted in the opposite effects in PC12 cells. Western blot assay results showed that the overexpression of lncRNA Vof-16 increased the protein expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression levels in PC12 cells. Furthermore, we established rat models of spinal cord injury using the complete transection at T10. Spinal cord injury model rats were injected with the lncRNA Vof-16 knockdown or overexpression lentiviral vectors immediately after injury. At 7 days after spinal cord injury, rats treated with lncRNA Vof-16 knockdown displayed increased neuronal survival and enhanced axonal extension. At 8 weeks after spinal cord injury, rats treated with the lncRNA Vof-16 knockdown lentiviral vector displayed improved neurological function in the hind limb. Notably, lncRNA Vof-16 knockdown injection increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and Caspase-3 expression in treated animals. Rats treated with the lncRNA Vof-16 overexpression lentiviral vector displayed opposite trends. These findings suggested that lncRNA Vof-16 is associated with the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis. The inhibition of lncRNA Vof-16 may be useful for promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guangdong Medical University, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Ni Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan; Biology Research Group, Guangzheng Experimental School, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wan-Yong Yang
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Dongguan Waterfront Zone Central Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan; Scientific Research Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kang-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jin Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Houjie Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Quan Zeng
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Dongguan Waterfront Zone Central Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yin-Ru Liang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gan-Hai Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Houjie Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Fu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Zhou Y, Yu F. Emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 29:23094990211030698. [PMID: 34323142 DOI: 10.1177/23094990211030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most serious complication of spinal injury and often leads to severe dysfunction of the limb below the injured segment. SCI causes not only serious physical and psychological harm to the patients, but imposes an enormous economic burden on the whole society. Great efforts have been made to improve the functional outcomes of patients with SCI; however, therapeutic advances have far been limited. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an important regulator of gene expression and has recently been characterized as a key regulator of central nervous system stabilization. Emerging evidence suggested that lncRNAs are significantly dysregulated and play a key role in the development of SCI. Our review summarizes current researches regarding the roles of deregulated lncRNAs in modulating apoptosis, inflammatory response, neuronal behavior in SCI. These studies suggest that specific regulation of lncRNA or its downstream targets may provide a new therapeutic approach for this desperate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Zhou
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang HD, Wei ZJ, Li JJ, Feng SQ. Application value of biofluid-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:963-971. [PMID: 34558509 PMCID: PMC8552873 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.324823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have confirmed the diagnostic potential of biofluid-based biomarkers, as a topic of increasing interest in relation to SCI diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress and application prospects of recently identified SCI-related biomarkers. Many structural proteins, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100-β, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1, neurofilament light, and tau protein were correlated with the diagnosis, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, and prognosis of SCI to different degrees. Inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor α, are also good biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute and chronic SCI, while non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) also show diagnostic potential for SCI. Trace elements (Mg, Se, Cu, Zn) have been shown to be related to motor recovery and can predict motor function after SCI, while humoral markers can reflect the pathophysiological changes after SCI. These factors have the advantages of low cost, convenient sampling, and ease of dynamic tracking, but are also associated with disadvantages, including diverse influencing factors and complex level changes. Although various proteins have been verified as potential biomarkers for SCI, more convincing evidence from large clinical and prospective studies is thus required to identify the most valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Da Wang
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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13
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Guo XD, He XG, Yang FG, Liu MQ, Wang YD, Zhu DX, Zhang GZ, Ma ZJ, Kang XW. Research progress on the regulatory role of microRNAs in spinal cord injury. Regen Med 2021; 16:465-476. [PMID: 33955796 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe CNS injury that results in abnormalities in, or loss of, motor, sensory and autonomic nervous function. miRNAs belong to a new class of noncoding RNA that regulates the production of proteins and biological function of cells by silencing translation or interfering with the expression of target mRNAs. Following SCI, miRNAs related to oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis and many other secondary injuries are differentially expressed, and these miRNAs play an important role in the progression of secondary injuries after SCI. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the differential expression and functional roles of miRNAs after SCI, thus providing references for further research on miRNAs in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Gang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Feng-Guang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ming-Qiang Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Dian Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Da-Xue Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhan-Jun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for The Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, PR China
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14
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Tang Y, Li F, Chen X. The role of lncRNA-MEG/miR-21-5p/PDCD4 axis in spinal cord injury. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:646-658. [PMID: 33594315 PMCID: PMC7868829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an insult to the spinal cord resulting in a change, either temporary or permanent, in its normal motor or sensory function, but the mechanism of neuron loss after spinal cord injury is still unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play an important role in regulating cell physiological activities through competitively binding to miRNAs. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of lncRNAs on SCI. In this study, we selected SCI gene expression data and miRNA expression data from the NCBI database for differential expression analysis, and predicted miRNA target genes. Subsequently, biological analysis of gene expression and miRNA changes was performed on a rat SCI model. The results showed that the expression level of lncRNA-MEG increased significantly in rat SCI model. Subsequently, we found that lncRNA-MEG can promote the expression level of PDCD4 by inhibiting miR-21-5p, which leads to neuronal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, knocking down of lncRNA-MEG with shRNA can reverse the effect of miR-21-5p and inhibit the effect of PDCD4 to reduce the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, we found lncRNA-MEG can regulate PDCD4 expression through miR-21-5p by targeting 3'UTR of PDCD4 in the OGD cell model. In summary, we first discovered lncRNA-MEG regulates neuronal cell apoptosis through miR-21-5p by targeting PDCD4 in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Special Medical Center, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Fengning Li
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
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15
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Li P, Jia Y, Tang W, Cui Q, Liu M, Jiang J. Roles of Non-coding RNAs in Central Nervous System Axon Regeneration. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:630633. [PMID: 33597844 PMCID: PMC7882506 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.630633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons in the central nervous system often fail to regenerate after injury due to the limited intrinsic regeneration ability of the central nervous system (CNS) and complex extracellular inhibitory factors. Therefore, it is of vital importance to have a better understanding of potential methods to promote the regeneration capability of injured nerves. Evidence has shown that non-coding RNAs play an essential role in nerve regeneration, especially long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). In this review, we profile their separate roles in axon regeneration after CNS injuries, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and optic nerve injury. In addition, we also reveal the interactive networks among non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Li X, Qian Y, Tang K, Li Y, Tao R, Gong C, Huang L, Zou K, Liu L. Inhibition of lncRNA H19/miR-370-3p pathway mitigates neuronal apoptosis in an in vitro model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:103-113. [PMID: 33708438 PMCID: PMC7925972 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most serious complication of spinal injury, often leading to severe dysfunction of the limbs below the injured segment. Conventional therapy approaches are becoming less and less effective, and gene therapy is a new research direction by now. METHODS The Sprague-Dawley rats were haphazardly assigned to two groups, namely sham group and SCI model group, and lncRNA H19 and miR-370-3p levels were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Correlation between lncRNA H19 and miR-370-3p was ascertained by luciferase report assay and RT-qPCR. After transfection with si-H19, miR-370-3p inhibitor, negative controls (NC), or both, primary spinal neurons were subjected to the simulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for inducing in vitro model of SCI. Cell viability, apoptotic rate, caspase-3 activity, Bax and Bcl-2 protein, ROS generation, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein, as well as IκBα and p65 phosphorylation ratio were evaluated adopting 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, ROS generation, and western blot assays, thereby searching for the specific action mechanism on LPS-induced spinal never injury. RESULTS SCI resulted in lncRNA H19 higher expression and miR-370-3p lower expression. LPS simulation raised a series of cellular biological changes, such as decreased viability, promoted apoptosis, generated ROS, and released inflammatory factors. lncRNA H19 inhibition reversed above LPS-induced changes. Besides, as the downstream target of lncRNA H19, miR-370-3p was oppositely regulated by lncRNA H19. The above biological changes induced by lncRNA H19 inhibition were reversed by miR-370-3p upregulation. Moreover, lncRNA H19 inhibition could block NF-κB pathway through miR-370-3p upregulation. CONCLUSION Inhibition of lncRNA H19/miR-370-3p mitigated spinal neuron apoptosis in an in vitro model of SCI. This provided the possibility for clinical use of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaihua Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaiwen Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Lindong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Yuanlin No. 1 Road, Qilin District, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
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17
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Gu E, Pan W, Chen K, Zheng Z, Chen G, Cai P. LncRNA H19 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation of BV2 Microglia Cells Through Targeting miR-325-3p/NEUROD4 Axis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:1256-1265. [PMID: 33205379 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic event worldwide. Work from the past decade has highlighted the key involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SCI. Nevertheless, the molecular action of lncRNA H19 in SCI is still not fully understood. The levels of H19, microRNA (miR)-325-3p, and neuronal differentiation 4 (NEUROD4) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Flow cytometry was performed to assess cell apoptosis. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Targeted relationships among H19, miR-325-3p, and NEUROD4 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), or RNA pull-down assays. Our data showed that H19 level was overexpressed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells. H19 silencing alleviated LPS-evoked cell apoptosis and inflammation. Mechanistically, H19 in BV2 cells directly targeted miR-325-3p, and NEUROD4 was a direct target of miR-325-3p. Moreover, miR-325-3p was a functional target of H19 in regulating cell apoptosis and inflammation induced by LPS. Enforced expression of miR-325-3p relieved LPS-evoked cell apoptosis and inflammation through reducing NEUROD4. Furthermore, H19 in BV2 cells regulated NEUROD4 expression through targeting miR-325-3p. Our results identified that the silencing of H19 attenuated LPS-evoked microglia cell apoptosis and inflammation after SCI at least partially through targeting the miR-325-3p/NEUROD4 axis, highlighting a novel approach for SCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyi Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated To Xiamen University, Cangshan District, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Weikun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated To Xiamen University, Cangshan District, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Kangyao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated To Xiamen University, Cangshan District, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated To Xiamen University, Cangshan District, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Guoling Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated To Xiamen University, Cangshan District, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Pengde Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated To Xiamen University, Cangshan District, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China.
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18
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Ding L, Fu WJ, Di HY, Zhang XM, Lei YT, Chen KZ, Wang T, Wu HF. Expression of long non-coding RNAs in complete transection spinal cord injury: a transcriptomic analysis. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1560-1567. [PMID: 31997824 PMCID: PMC7059563 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and exert a critical role in gene regulation via multiple biological processes. To uncover the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in spinal cord injury (SCI), the expression signatures of lncRNAs were profiled using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of the 10th thoracic vertebra complete transection SCI. Results showed that 116 of 14,802 detected lncRNAs were differentially expressed, among which 16—including eight up-regulated (H19, Vof16, Hmox2-ps1, LOC100910973, Ybx1-ps3, Nnat, Gcgr, LOC680254) and eight down-regulated (Rmrp, Terc, Ngrn, Ppp2r2b, Cox6a2, Rpl37a-ps1, LOC360231, Rpph1)—demonstrated fold changes > 2 in response to transection SCI. A subset of these RNA-seq results was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of 821 mRNAs were also significantly altered post-SCI; 592 mRNAs were up-regulated and 229 mRNAs were down-regulated by more than 2-fold. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were related to GO biological processes and molecular functions such as injury and inflammation response, wound repair, and apoptosis, and were significantly enriched in 15 KEGG pathways, including cell phagocytosis, tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway, and leukocyte migration. Our results reveal the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the rat spinal cord of a complete transection model, and these differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs represent potential novel targets for SCI treatment. We suggest that lncRNAs may play an important role in the early immuno-inflammatory response after spinal cord injury. This study was approved by the Administration Committee of Experimental Animals, Guangdong Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province; Scientific Research Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jin Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Di
- Department of Neurology, Dalingshan Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Tian Lei
- Department of Hand & Foot Surgery, Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kang-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, the Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Fu Wu
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Wang N, He L, Yang Y, Li S, Chen Y, Tian Z, Ji Y, Wang Y, Pang M, Wang Y, Liu B, Rong L. Integrated analysis of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in subacute stage of spinal cord injury. Gene 2019; 726:144171. [PMID: 31669638 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of subacute stage of spinal cord injury (SCI). Gene-expression datasets associated with SCI were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differential expression analyses were performed in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Multiple network types were constructed and analyzed, including protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network, miRNA-target network, lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and miRNA-transcription factor (TF)-target network. Cluster analyses were performed to identify significant modules. To verify the prediction accuracy of the in-silico identified molecules, qRT-PCR experiments were conducted. The results depicted the Ywhae gene as the hub gene with the highest degree in the PPI network. The ceRNA network identified specific genes (Flna, ID3, and HK2), miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-1958, and miR-185-5p), and lncRNAs (Neat1, Xist, and Malat1) as playing critical regulating roles in the pathological mechanisms of SCI. The miRNA-TF-gene interaction network identified four important TFs (Sp1, Trp53, Jun, and Rela). The miRNA-gene-TF interaction loops from the significant modules indicated that miR-325-3p can interact with the Asah1 gene and TF-Sp1 by forming a closed loop. The qRT-PCR experiments verified four selected genes (Flna, ID3, HK2, and Ywhae) and two selected TFs (Jun, and Sp1) as significantly up-regulated following SCI. The results indicated that four genes (Flna, ID3, HK2, and Ywhae), four transcription factors (Sp1, Trp53, Jun, and RelA), two miRNAs (miR-16-5p and miR-325-3p), and three lncRNAs (Neat1, Xist, and Malat1) are likely to be involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying the subacute stage of SCI. These findings uncover putative pathogenic mechanisms involved in SCI and might bear translation significance for future research towards therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yuyong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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The Emerging Role of lncRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3467121. [PMID: 31737660 PMCID: PMC6815541 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3467121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly debilitating disease and is increasingly being recognized as an important global health priority. However, the mechanisms underlying SCI have not yet been fully elucidated, and effective therapies for SCI are lacking. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which form a major class of noncoding RNAs, have emerged as novel targets for regulating several physiological functions and mediating numerous neurological diseases. Notably, gene expression profile analyses have demonstrated aberrant changes in lncRNA expression in rats or mice after traumatic or nontraumatic SCI. LncRNAs have been shown to be associated with multiple pathophysiological processes following SCI including inflammation, neural apoptosis, and oxidative stress. They also play a crucial role in the complications associated with SCI, such as neuropathic pain. At the same time, some lncRNAs have been found to be therapeutic targets for neural stem cell transplantation and hydrogen sulfide treatment aimed at alleviating SCI. Therefore, lncRNAs could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SCI. However, further researches are required to clarify the therapeutic effects of lncRNAs on SCI and the mechanisms underlying these effects. In this study, we reviewed the current progress of the studies on the involvement of lncRNAs in SCI, with the aim of drawing attention towards their roles in this debilitating condition.
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Zhou ZB, Du D, Chen KZ, Deng LF, Niu YL, Zhu L. Differential Expression Profiles and Functional Predication of Circular Ribonucleic Acid in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury of Rats. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2287-2297. [PMID: 30681027 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Zhe Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Fu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Long Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Yao C, Yu B. Role of Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Nerve Regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:165. [PMID: 31316349 PMCID: PMC6611387 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injuries may cause severe disability and affect the quality of life. It is of great importance to get a full understanding of the biological processes and molecular mechanisms underlying nerve injuries to find and target specific molecules for nerve regeneration. Numerous studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in diverse biological processes and diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are two major groups of ncRNAs, which attract growing attention. The altered expression patterns of lncRNAs and circRNAs following nerve injury suggest that these ncRNAs might be associated with nerve regeneration. This review will give a brief introduction of lncRNAs and circRNAs. We then summarize the current studies on lncRNAs and circRNAs following peripheral nerve injury and spinal cord injury (SCI). Typical lncRNAs and circRNAs are introduced to illustrate the diverse molecular mechanisms for nerve regeneration. In addition, we also discuss some issues to be addressed in future investigations on lncRNAs and circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Li Z, Ho IHT, Li X, Xu D, Wu WKK, Chan MTV, Li S, Liu X. Long non-coding RNAs in the spinal cord injury: Novel spotlight. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4883-4890. [PMID: 31140726 PMCID: PMC6653026 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to persistent locomotor dysfunction and somatosensory disorders, which adversely affect the quality of life of patients and cause a significant economic burden to the society. The efficacies of current therapeutic interventions are still far from satisfaction as the secondary damages resulting from the complex and progressive molecular alterations after SCI are not properly addressed. Recent studies revealed that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundant in the brain and might play critical roles in several nervous system disorders. At the cellular level, lncRNAs have been shown to regulate the expression of protein‐coding RNAs and hence participate in neuronal death, demyelination and glia activation. Notably, SCI is characterized by these biological processes, suggesting that lncRNAs could be novel modulators in the pathogenesis of SCI. This review describes recent progresses in the lncRNA transcriptome analyses and their molecular functions in regulating SCI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Idy H T Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xingye Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Jishuitan Orthopaedic College of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Derong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Diseases and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tang S, Zhou J, Jing H, Liao M, Lin S, Huang Z, Huang T, Zhong J, HanbingWang. Functional roles of lncRNAs and its potential mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:78. [PMID: 31092294 PMCID: PMC6521530 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is ranked as one of the major forms of chronic pain and emerges as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system. Despite great advances into the mechanisms of NP, clinical practice is still not satisfactory. Fortunately, progress in elucidating unique features and multiple molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in NP has emerged in the past 10 years, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies for pain treatment may be proposed. In this review, we will concentrate on recent studies associated with lncRNAs in NP. First, we will describe the alterations of lncRNA expression after spinal cord injury (SCI) and peripheral nerve injury (PNI), and then we illustrate the role of some specific lncRNAs in detail, which may offer new insights into our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of NP. Finally, we put special emphasis on the altered expression of lncRNAs in the diverse biological process of NP. Recent advances we summarized above in the development of NP may facilitate translation of these findings from bench to bedside in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China.,Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China.,ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, 563100, China
| | - Meijuan Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiying Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - HanbingWang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
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He Y, Li M, Wujisiguleng, Lv B, Huan Y, Liu B, Wang D, Yu H, Zhang L, Shi Z. Zhenbao Pill reduces Treg cell proportion in acute spinal cord injury rats by regulating TUG1/ miR-214/HSP27 axis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180895. [PMID: 30287503 PMCID: PMC6239275 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the weakest pathologies that seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Objective: To study the mechanism of how Zhenbao Pill reduces Treg cell proportion and improves acute SCI. Methods: A rat SCI model was established. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the Treg cell proportion. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down were applied in confirming taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) and miR-214 binding. Intrathecal injection of TUG1 siRNA was also conducted to determine the effect of TUG1 in vivoResults: Zhenbao Pill promoted the expression of TUG1 and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) protein, and reduced the expression of miR-214 and forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) as well as Treg cell proportion in a concentration-dependent manner in SCI rats or in vitro cultured CD4+ T cells. Knockdown of TUG1 reversed the high protein expression of HSP27 and the inhibition of Treg cell proportion as well as Foxp3 protein induced by Zhenbao Pill, and miR-214 inhibitor canceled the TUG1 knockdown effect. Further, miR-214 mimic reversed the inhibition of Treg cell proportion and Foxp3 protein expression by Zhenbao Pill, which was abolished by the overexpression of HSP27. The mechanism was validated in animal experiments. Conclusion: Zhenbao Pill regulated TUG1/miR-214/HSP27 signaling pathway to reduce Treg cell proportion and thus relieve acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingdong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Wujisiguleng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bokang Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanqiang Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia, China
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Song Z, Han X, Zou H, Zhang B, Ding Y, Xu X, Zeng J, Liu J, Gong A. PTEN-GSK3β-MOB1 axis controls neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4445-4464. [PMID: 30069702 PMCID: PMC11105474 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mps One binder 1 (MOB1) is a core component of NDR/LATS kinase and a positive regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. However, its role in neurite outgrowth still remains to be clarified. Here, we confirmed, for the first time, that MOB1 promoted neurite outgrowth and was involved in functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. Mechanistically, we found that MOB1 stability was regulated by the PTEN-GSK3β axis. The MOB1 protein was significantly up-regulated in PTEN-knockdown neuronal cells. This effect was dependent on the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN. Moreover, MOB1 was found to be a novel substrate for GSK3β that is phosphorylated on serine 146 and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Finally, in vivo lentiviral-mediated silencing of PTEN promoted neurite outgrowth and functional recovery after SCI and this effect was reversed by down-regulation of MOB1. Taken together, this study provided mechanistic insight into how MOB1 acts as a novel and a necessary regulator in PTEN-GSK3β axis that controls neurite outgrowth after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hongjun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Ya Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Zhang H, Wang W, Li N, Li P, Liu M, Pan J, Wang D, Li J, Xiong Y, Xia L. LncRNA DGCR5 suppresses neuronal apoptosis to improve acute spinal cord injury through targeting PRDM5. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1992-2000. [PMID: 30146926 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1509622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually results in neurological damage. DGCR5 is closely related to neurological disorders, and this study aims to explore its role in neuronal apoptosis in acute SCI. The ASCI model was established in rats, and the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring was used to assess the neurological function. The expression of RNA and protein was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. The oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD) was performed upon neurons and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. The interaction and binding between DGCR5 and PRDM5 was detected with RNA pull-down and RIP assay, respectively. DGCR5 was down-regulated in ASCI model rat and in neurons treated with hypoxia. Over-expression of DGCR5 inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Interaction between DGCR5 negatively regulated PRDM5 protein expression by binding and interacting with it. DGCR5 inhibited neuronal apoptosis through PRDM5. Over-expressed DGCR5 ameliorated ASCI in rat. DGCR5 suppresses neuronal apoptosis through directly binding and negatively regulating PRDM5, and thereby ameliorating ASCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Wengang Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ning Li
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Peng Li
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ming Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Junwei Pan
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Dan Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Junwei Li
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- b Department of Hematology , the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Lei Xia
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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28
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Shen F, Zheng H, Zhou L, Li W, Zhang Y, Xu X. LINC00657 expedites neuropathic pain development by modulating miR‐136/ZEB1 axis in a rat model. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:1000-1010. [PMID: 30203524 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fujin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Hongyun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Limei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xuexian Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
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29
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Yan Y, Ye W, Chen Q, Yang L, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou X, Wang G. Differential expression profile of long non-coding RNA in the stenosis tissue of arteriovenous fistula. Gene 2018; 664:127-138. [PMID: 29655896 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze and preliminarily validate the lncRNA expression profiles in the stenosis tissue of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). METHODS A total of 54 uremic patients administered in the department of nephrology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between February 2017 and March 2017 were included in the study and subsequently categorized as experimental group, which included 12 patients with confirmed diagnosis of AVF, and control group which included 42 patients with no vascular stenosis. The experimental group inclusion criteria include: AVF used >3 months; The blood flow of AVF <200 mL/min; the degree of the stenosis was >50%, excluded obvious thrombosis; The ultrasonographic data of AVF stenosis is complete. The controls were randomly selected from uremic patients who were primary AVF operation, excluded obvious vascular stenosis and vascular diseases. Among them, 4 sample in the experimental group and 4 controls were used in LncRNA sequencing. RNA in vascular tissue was extracted by Trizol and IncRNA sequencing was used to establish the expression profiles of lncRNA in the stenosis tissue of AVF.9 difference expression lncRNA were collected for validating in AVF stenosis cases by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, Cluster analysis, gene functional analysis and pathway analysis were used to explore the function of difference expression lncRNA. RESULTS Among the 27,692 lncRNA transcripts examined, 247 lncRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05, fold change ≥2) in the experimental group and control group, with 141 being up-regulated and 106 down-regulated. The expression levels of 9 lncRNAs validated by subsequent qRT-PCR were shown to be highly consistent with the sequencing data. CONCLUSION Our study revealed lncRNAs expression profiles in the stenosis tissue of AVF by LncRNA sequencing. These lncRNAs and its related signaling pathways may play a key role in the occurrence and progression of AVF stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Zhou H, Shi Z, Kang Y, Wang Y, Lu L, Pan B, Liu J, Li X, Liu L, Wei Z, Kong X, Feng S. Investigation of candidate long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs in the immediate phase of spinal cord injury based on gene expression profiles. Gene 2018; 661:119-125. [PMID: 29580899 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious devastating condition and it has a high mortality rate and morbidity rate. The early pathological changes in the immediate phase of SCI may play a major part in the development of secondary injury. Alterations in the expression of many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play fundamental roles in the diseases of the central nervous system. However, the roles of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the immediate phase of SCI are not clear. We examined the expression of mRNAs and lncRNAs in a rat model at 2 h after SCI and identified the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) using microarray analysis. 772 DE lncRNAs and 992 DE mRNAs were identified in spinal cord samples in the immediate phase following SCI compared with control samples. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) term annotation results showed that CXCR chemokine receptor binding, neutrophil apoptotic process, neutrophil migration, neutrophil extravasation, macrophage differentiation, monocyte chemotaxis and cellular response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) were the main significantly enriched GO terms. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in toll-like receptor signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. IL6, MBOAT4, FOS, TNF, JUN, STAT3, CSF2, MYC, CCL2 and FGF2 were the top 10 high-degree hub nodes and may be important targets in the immediate phase of SCI. The current study on provides novel insights into how lncRNAs and mRNAs regulate the pathogenesis of the immediate phase after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- 221 Laboratory, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
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31
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Shi Z, Pan B, Feng S. The emerging role of long non-coding RNA in spinal cord injury. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2055-2061. [PMID: 29392896 PMCID: PMC5867120 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant health burden worldwide which causes permanent neurological deficits, and there are approximately 17,000 new cases each year. However, there are no effective and current treatments that lead to functional recovery because of the limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of SCI. In recent years, the biological roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SCI have attracted great attention from the researchers all over the world, and an increasing number of studies have investigated the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in SCI. In this review, we summarized the biogenesis, classification and function of lncRNAs and focused on the investigations on the roles of lncRNAs involved in the pathogenic processes of SCI, including neuronal loss, astrocyte proliferation and activation, demyelination, microglia activation, inflammatory reaction and angiogenesis. This review will help understand the molecular mechanisms of SCI and facilitate the potential use of lncRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Song Z, Han X, Shen L, Zou H, Zhang B, Liu J, Gong A. PTEN silencing enhances neuronal proliferation and differentiation by activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:179-187. [PMID: 29305963 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The failure of neuronal proliferation and differentiation is a major obstacle for neural repair and regeneration after traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury. PTEN acts as an intrinsic brake on the neuronal cells, but its roles and mechanism still remain to be clarified. Herein, for the first time we confirmed that PTEN had a dual effect on the neuronal cells in vitro. Firstly, we found that PTEN knockdown significantly promoted cell proliferation and differentiation. Then, PTEN knockdown activated PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in vitro. Further evidence revealed that GSK3β as a key node involved in PTEN controlling cell proliferation and differentiation in PC12 cells. In addition, we identified that PTEN-GSK3β pathway modulated neuronal proliferation via β-catenin. Taken together, these results suggest that PTEN silencing enhances neuronal proliferation and differentiation by activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway that it may be a promising therapeutic approach for CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xiu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liming Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hongjun Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Lv HR. lncRNA-Map2k4 sequesters miR-199a to promote FGF1 expression and spinal cord neuron growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:948-954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gu S, Xie R, Liu X, Shou J, Gu W, Che X. Long Coding RNA XIST Contributes to Neuronal Apoptosis through the Downregulation of AKT Phosphorylation and Is Negatively Regulated by miR-494 in Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040732. [PMID: 28368292 PMCID: PMC5412318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI). However, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in SCI. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential functions of lncRNAs in SCI and to identify the underlying mechanisms of action. We firstly analyzed Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to investigate aberrantly-expressed lncRNAs which might be involved in the pathogenesis of SCI. The long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) was found to be one of the most significantly upregulated lncRNAs in the GEO dataset analysis, and is associated with apoptosis. We, therefore, selected this as a candidate lncRNA and investigated its function. We found that knockdown of lncRNA-XIST by Lv-shRNA had a prominent protective effect on SCI recovery by suppressing apoptosis through reactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rat spinal cord tissue. In particular, our results suggested that lncRNA-XIST may act as a competitive endogenous RNA, effectively becoming a sink for miR-494, leading to derepression of its target gene, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). In addition, an inverse relationship between lncRNA-XIST and miR-494 was observed in spinal cord tissues of SCI rats. Further study demonstrated that antagomiR-494 could reverse the protective effects of lncRNA-XIST knockdown on SCI rats through blocking the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results suggested that lncRNA-XIST knockdown may play an important role in limiting neuronal apoptosis in rats following SCI, and that the observed protective effects of lncRNA-XIST knockdown might have been mediated by its regulation on the phosphorylation of AKT by competitively binding miR-494. These findings have revealed, for the first time, the importance of the XIST/miR-494/PTEN/AKT signaling axis in the pathogenesis of SCI and suggest that lncRNA-XIST may be a promising molecular target for SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jiajun Shou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Wentao Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xiaoming Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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