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Sori N, Khan M. Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) and Ferulic Acid Esterase (FAE) Producing Psychobiotic Bacteria Isolated from Cereal-Based Fermented Food. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:59. [PMID: 38195794 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating enteric, immune and neural pathways. Many neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, autism and cognitive behaviour are associated with gut dysbiosis. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria influence gastrointestinal and neurological functions. Ferulic acid esterase (FAE) which releases ferulic acid (FA) from feruloylated sugar ester conjugates, naturally found in grains, fruits and vegetables, is also produced by some gut bacteria and helps prevent neurodegeneration. These properties provide bacteria with the ability to maintain intestinal barrier function and prevent neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aims to isolate GABA and FAE-producing LAB and characterize their bioactive and probiotic properties. A total of twelve cultures were isolated, of which eight bacteria positive for GABA, FAE and SCFA production were selected for further investigation. All selected bacteria were positive for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and showed acid tolerance, resistance to bile salt, stimulated gastric and pancreatic juice, and auto- and co-aggregation properties. Furthermore, selected LAB showed mucin adhesion efficiency greater than 80% and exhibited γ-hemolytic activity. 16S rRNA sequencing identified NS0969, B1, C1, C2, M1, M2, and R2 as Limosilactobacillus fermentum and R1 as Lactiplantibacillus pentosus. This study showed that selected bacteria and/or their postbiotic preparations can be used as potential psychobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sori
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Mahejibin Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India.
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Mehmood A, Nawaz M, Rabbani M, Mushtaq MH. In Vitro Characterization of Probiotic Potential of Limosilactobacillus fermentum against Salmonella Gallinarum Causing Fowl Typhoid. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081284. [PMID: 37106847 PMCID: PMC10135235 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl typhoid, a septicaemic disease of poultry, is caused by Salmonella Gallinarum and leads to severe economic losses. The aim of the present study was to isolate, select and characterize indigenous probiotic lactobacilli with anti-Salmonella Gallinarum activity. A total 55 lactobacilli were isolated from the caeca and ileum parts of healthy chickens and identified to species level by 16S rDNA sequencing. All the isolates were initially screened for antimicrobial activity and selected isolates were further subjected to in vitro evaluation of probiotic properties. Lactobacilli isolates (n = 21) showed varying levels of activity (08-18 mm) against Salmonella Gallinarum. These selected isolates also showed tolerance to acidic conditions (pH 3 and 4). Out of these 21 isolates, 13 showed growth (>0.5 OD at 600 nm) 0.3% bile salts. Moreover, these isolates also had the ability of auto-aggregation (20.05 ± 0.62%-50.70 ± 1.40%), and co-aggregation with Salmonella Gallinarum (5.22 ± 0.21%-42.07 ± 0.70%). Results revealed that lactobacilli had a higher level of resistance to vancomycin (100%), streptomycin (100%), ciprofloxacin (95%), gentamicin (90%), doxycycline (90%), oxytetracycline (85%), and bacitracin (80%), and a lower level of resistance to penicillin (33%), erythromycin (28%), chloramphenicol (23%), fusidic acid (23%) and amoxicillin (4%). The Limosilactobacillus fermentum PC-10 and PC-76 were sensitive to most of the antibiotics. The overall results revealed that two Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains (PC-10 and PC-76) fulfill the in vitro selection criteria of probiotics, i.e, tolerance to low pH, resistance to bile salts, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation with Salmonella Gallinarum, and absence of acquired antibiotic resistance. The Limosilactobacillus fermentum PC-10 and PC-76 also inhibited the (>5 log10) growth of Salmonella Gallinarum in co-culture assay. It is concluded that Limosilactobacillus fermentum PC-10 and PC-76 may be further investigated and developed as anti-Salmonella Gallinarum probiotics for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mehmood
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Masood Rabbani
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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3
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Effect of different drying methods on the functional properties of probiotics encapsulated using prebiotic substances. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1575-1588. [PMID: 36729228 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics together work synergistically as synbiotics and confer various health benefits. Many studies on synbiotic foods only focus on the survival of probiotics but fail to evaluate their functional properties. The impact on functional properties should be explored to better understand its therapeutic efficacy. In this work, probiotics (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIM 2083) were encapsulated with prebiotics (fructooligosaccharide + whey protein + maltodextrin) using spray-drying (SD), freeze-drying (FD), spray-freeze-drying (SFD), and refractance window-drying (RWD) techniques. Aggregation, intestinal adhesion, antagonistic activity, and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of probiotics were studied before and after the encapsulation process. The SFD probiotics showed better aggregation ability (79% at 24-h incubation), on par with free cells (FC) (81% at 24-h incubation). The co-aggregation ability of encapsulated probiotics has drastic variations with each pathogenic strain. The adhesion ability of probiotics in chicken intestinal mucus was assessed by the crystal violet method, indicating no significant variations between FC and SFD probiotics. Also, encapsulated probiotics exhibit antagonistic activity (zone of inhibition in mm) against gut pathogens E. coli (11.33 to 17.34), S. faecalis (8.83 to 15.32), L. monocytogenes (13.67 to 18), S. boydii (12.17 to 15.5), and S. typhi (2.17 to 6.86). Overall, these studies confirm the significance and impact of various drying techniques on the functionality of encapsulated probiotics in synbiotic powders. KEY POINTS: • Understanding the relevance of processing effects on the functionality of probiotics. • Spray-freeze-dried probiotics showed superior functional properties. • The encapsulation process had no significant impact on bile salt hydrolase activity.
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Commensal Lactobacilli Metabolically Contribute to Cervical Epithelial Homeostasis in a Species-Specific Manner. mSphere 2023; 8:e0045222. [PMID: 36629413 PMCID: PMC9942568 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00452-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In reproductive-age women, the vaginal microbiome is typically dominated by one or a few Lactobacillus species, including Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus paragasseri, Lactobacillus mulieris, and Lactobaccillus crispatus, has been associated with optimal cervicovaginal health; however, much is still unknown about how other lactobacilli metabolically contribute to cervicovaginal health. We hypothesized that metabolites of each Lactobacillus species differ and uniquely contribute to health and homeostasis. To address this hypothesis, we utilized a human three-dimensional (3D) cervical epithelial cell model in conjunction with genomics analyses and untargeted metabolomics to determine the metabolic contributions of less-studied vaginal lactobacilli-L. iners, L. paragasseri, and L. mulieris. Our study validated that vaginal lactobacilli exhibit a close phylogenetic relationship. Genomic findings from publicly available strains and those used in our study indicated that L. iners is metabolically distinct from other species of lactobacilli, likely due to a reduced genome size. Lactobacilli and mock controls were distinguishable based on global metabolic profiles. We identified 95 significantly altered metabolites (P < 0.05) between individual lactobacilli and mock controls. Metabolites related to amino acid metabolism were shared among the lactobacilli. N-Acetylated amino acids with potential antimicrobial properties were significantly elevated in a species-specific manner. L. paragasseri and L. iners shared aromatic, but not carbohydrate-derived, lactic acid metabolites with potential antimicrobial properties that may contribute to homeostasis of the cervicovaginal environment. Additionally, L. iners uniquely altered lipid metabolism, which may be a sign of adaptation to the cervicovaginal niche. Overall, these findings further elucidate the metabolic contributions of three key vaginal Lactobacillus species in gynecological health. IMPORTANCE Lactobacillus species contribute to cervicovaginal health by their production of lactic acid and other antimicrobial compounds. Yet, much is still unknown regarding the metabolic potential of lesser-studied but common vaginal lactobacilli. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics coupled with our 3D cervical epithelial cell model to identify metabolic differences among vaginal Lactobacillus species (Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus paragasseri, and Lactobacillus mulieris) and how those differences related to maintaining homeostasis of the cervical epithelium. Human 3D cell models are essential tools for studying host-bacteria interactions and reducing confounding factors inherent in clinical studies. Therefore, these unique models allowed us to decipher the putative lactobacilli mechanisms that contribute to their roles in health or disease. Metabolic analyses revealed distinct profiles of each Lactobacillus species but also shared metabolic contributions associated with antimicrobial activity: amino acid metabolism, N-acetylated amino acids, and aromatic lactic acids. These patterns provided validation of metabolites associated with health in clinical studies and provided novel targets, including immunomodulatory and antimicrobial metabolites, for postbiotic therapies.
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Mustafa A, Nawaz M, Rabbani M, Tayyab M, Khan M. Characterization and evaluation of anti- Salmonella enteritidis activity of indigenous probiotic lactobacilli in mice. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:978-990. [PMID: 36060645 PMCID: PMC9386614 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli (n = 24), isolated from human infants and yogurt, showed variable in vitro activity against Salmonella enteritidis (8.0 ± 1.0 to 16.6 ± 0.5 mm) and other gut pathogens (9.0 ± 1.0 to 15.3 ± 0.5 mm), as determined by a well diffusion assay. The isolates were identified as Limosilactobacillus fermentum (FY1, FY3, FY4, IL2, and IL5), Lactobacillus delbrueckii (FY6 and FY7), Lactobacillus sp. (IL7), and Lactobacillus gasseri (IL12). All isolates showed variable in vitro tolerance to acidic pH for 3 h and visible growth at pH 4 and in the presence of 0.3% ox-bile. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of Lactobacillus isolates indicated resistance against vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and lincomycin. Isolates had variable auto-aggregation and showed variable capabilities to co-aggregate with S. enteritidis. Based on all tested parameters, L. fermentum IL2, L. fermentum IL5, and L. gasseri IL12 were selected for co-culture experiments, followed by in vivo evaluation in Balb/c mice. All the selected isolates resulted in a 100% reduction in S. enteritidis in broth. Lactobacillus isolates efficiently colonized mouse guts and inhibited S. enteritidis colonization. Overall, there was ≥99.06% and ≤4.32 Mean log10 reduction in Salmonella counts in mice feces within 7 days. The study, thus, provided characterized lactobacilli that could be considered as potential ingredients for probiotic formulations intended to prevent S. enteritidis infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mustafa
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Masood Rabbani
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
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6
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Okyere SK, Wen J, Cui Y, Xie L, Gao P, Zhang M, Wang J, Wang S, Ran Y, Ren Z, Hu Y. Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820236. [PMID: 35250935 PMCID: PMC8891614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to identify potential probiotic endophytes from Ageratina adenophora and evaluate their ameliorating effects on gut injury and integrity damage associated with microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed high fat diet. Using morphological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, two bacteria endophytes were identified as strains of Bacillus toyonensis and were named Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 (GenBank No. MW287198) and Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20 (GenBank No. MW287199). Sixty (60) mice were divided into five groups, group 1 was the negative control fed normal diet (NS), group 2 was fed High fat diet (HF), Group 3 was fed High fat diet + 106 Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), group 4 was fed High fat + 106 Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and group 5 fed High fat diet + 106 Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20. After 35 days, histological and immunohistochemistry examination were performed in the ileum tissues. Furthermore, DAO and antioxidants activities were measured in serum, mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and inflammation related cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the ileum tissues as well as sIgA levels and total bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus) in the small intestine and cecum content. The results showed an increase in the DAO activity, oxidative stress parameter (MDA), pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2), reduce immunity (sIgA), and destroyed intestinal structure and integrity (reduce tight junction proteins) in the high fat diet group and this was associated with destruction of the gut microbiota composition (increasing pathogenic bacteria; E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and reducing beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus spp.) in mice (P < 0.05). However, the administration of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 reverted these effects. Our findings indicated that, Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 isolated from A. adenophora could prevent the excess weight gain from high fat diet feeding, improved antioxidant status and alleviated the intestine integrity damage as well as reduce the population of enteric bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus and increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus in the gut of mice fed high fat diet, therefore, can serve as a potential probiotics in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Asadi A, Lohrasbi V, Abdi M, Mirkalantari S, Esghaei M, Kashanian M, Oshaghi M, Talebi M. The probiotic properties and potential of vaginal Lactobacilli spp. isolated from healthy women against some vaginal pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:752-764. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Lohrasbi
- Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Milad Abdi
- Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Kashanian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mozhgan Oshaghi
- Department of Lab Sciences Faculty of Allied Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre Iran University of Medical Sciences Shahid Hemmat Highway Tehran Iran
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Suwannaphan S. Isolation, identification and potential probiotic characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Thai traditional fermented food. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:431-446. [PMID: 35071941 PMCID: PMC8712534 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Thai traditional fermented food was investigated. Forty-two samples were collected from four markets in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. Out of 50 isolated LAB, 6 (a3, f4, f8, K1, K4 and K9) obtained from pla-ra and bamboo shoot pickle samples showed high tolerance to gastrointestinal tract conditions. These isolates were selected to identify and characterize their probiotic properties. Isolate a3 was identified as Weissella thailandensis, isolates f4 and f8 were identified as belonging to Enterococcus thailandicus and isolates K1, K4 and K9 were determined as Limosilactobacillus fermentum. All six LAB exhibited high autoaggregation ability (93.40-95.01%), while W. thailandensis isolate a3 showed potential for coaggregation in almost all the pathogenic bacteria tested. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from all isolates did not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. CFS derived from L. fermentum isolate K4 showed the most efficient antimicrobial activity, in particular against Gram-negative bacteria, while L. fermentum isolate K4 presented high surface hydrophobicity in the presence of xylene and n-hexane. All LAB isolates were found to be resistant to clindamycin and nalidixic acid, whereas E. thailandicus isolate f8 exhibited resistance to most of the antibiotics tested. L. fermentum isolate K4 showed promise as a suitable probiotic candidate for future applications in the food industry due to tolerance to gastrointestinal tract conditions with high surface hydrophobicity and inhibited most of the pathogens tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Suwannaphan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, 13000, Thailand
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Kim KT, Kim JW, Kim SI, Kim S, Nguyen TH, Kang CH. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Canine and Feline Feces. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091971. [PMID: 34576864 PMCID: PMC8472280 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses. It plays an important role in numerous disease states, including chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to have prominent antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory potential of LAB isolated from animals for the efficient use of probiotics with host specificity. Antioxidant activity measurements of sixteen strains revealed that ABTS radical scavenging activities ranged from 26.3 to 57.4%, and DPPH free radical scavenging activities ranged from 4.7 to 13.5%. Based on the antioxidant activity assessment, five strains (Enterococcus faecium MG9003(YH9003), Enterococcus faecium MG9007(YH9007), Lactobacillus reuteri MG9012(YH9012), Lactobacillus fermentum MG9014(YH9014), and Pediococcus pentosaceus MG9015(YH9015)) were selected with the consideration of fermentation productivity (>1 × 109 CFU/g). The selected strains exhibited nitric oxide inhibition and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase expression. Furthermore, probiotic properties, including intestinal adhesion and stability, were identified. Our results show that the selected animal-derived strains can be effective probiotic candidates for potential effects on animal hosts.
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Selis NN, Oliveira HBM, Souza CLS, Almeida JB, Andrade YMFS, Silva LSC, Romano CC, Rezende RP, Yatsuda R, Uetanabaro APT, Marques LM. Lactobacillus plantarum Lp62 exerts probiotic effects against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC 49154 in bacterial vaginosis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:579-589. [PMID: 34338346 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The severe side-effects elicited by conventional antibiotic therapy and the recurrence of Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and bacterial resistance have led to the development of novel alternative therapies, among which genital probiotics are widely used. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp62 and its supernatant against Gardnerella vaginalis, using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro assays were used to evaluate the viability of the strain and the antimicrobial activities of the supernatant in different pH ranges. An in vivo assay was performed on female BALB/c mice, wherein the animals were divided into eight groups: four control groups and four treated groups (for curative and preventive therapies). After infecting and treating the mice, the animals were killed to quantify the bacterial load using qPCR, evaluate leucocyte cellular response, determine vaginal cytokine levels and perform cytokine tissue gene expression. Our analyses revealed significant activity of the strain and its supernatant against G. vaginalis. Preliminary in vitro tests showed that the strain grew with equal efficiency in different pH ranges. Meanwhile, the presence of halo and inhibition of pathogen growth established the significant activity of the supernatant against G. vaginalis. We observed that both micro-organisms are resident bacteria of mouse microbiota and that the lactobacilli population growth was affected by G. vaginalis and vice versa. We also observed that the treated groups, with their low bacterial load, absence of leucocyte recruitment, reduced cytokine levels in the vaginal lavage and normalized cytokine gene expression, successfully controlled the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Selis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - H B M Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - C L S Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - J B Almeida
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Y M F S Andrade
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - L S C Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - C C Romano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - R P Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - R Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - A P T Uetanabaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, BA, Brazil
| | - L M Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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11
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Parlindungan E, Lugli GA, Ventura M, van Sinderen D, Mahony J. Lactic Acid Bacteria Diversity and Characterization of Probiotic Candidates in Fermented Meats. Foods 2021; 10:1519. [PMID: 34359389 PMCID: PMC8305854 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have been classified as probiotics and fermented foods are an excellent source of such LAB. In this study, novel probiotic candidates from two fermented meats (pancetta and prosciutto) were isolated and characterized. LAB populations present in pancetta and prosciutto were evaluated and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was found to be the dominant species. The antagonistic ability of selected isolates against LAB and non-LAB strains was investigated, in particular, the ability to produce anti-microbial compounds including organic acids and bacteriocins. Probiotic characteristics including antibiotic susceptibility, hydrophobicity and autoaggregation capacity; and ability to withstand simulated gastric juice, bile salt, phenol and NaCl were assessed. Among the characterized strains, L. plantarum 41G isolated from prosciutto was identified as the most robust probiotic candidate compared. Results from this study demonstrate that artisanal fermented meat is a rich source of novel strains with probiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina Parlindungan
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Gabriele A. Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (G.A.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (G.A.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
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das Neves Selis N, de Oliveira HBM, Leão HF, Dos Anjos YB, Sampaio BA, Correia TML, Almeida CF, Pena LSC, Reis MM, Brito TLS, Brito LF, Campos GB, Timenetsky J, Cruz MP, Rezende RP, Romano CC, da Costa AM, Yatsuda R, Uetanabaro APT, Marques LM. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains isolated from spontaneously fermented cocoa exhibit potential probiotic properties against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:198. [PMID: 34187371 PMCID: PMC8243870 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are important tools in therapies against vaginal infections and can assist traditional antibiotic therapies in restoring healthy microbiota. Recent research has shown that microorganisms belonging to the genus Lactobacillus have probiotic potential. Thus, this study evaluated the potential in vitro probiotic properties of three strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, isolated during the fermentation of high-quality cocoa, against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Strains were evaluated for their physiological, safety, and antimicrobial characteristics. Results The hydrophobicity of L. plantarum strains varied from 26.67 to 91.67%, and their autoaggregation varied from 18.10 to 30.64%. The co-aggregation of L. plantarum strains with G. vaginalis ranged from 14.73 to 16.31%, and from 29.14 to 45.76% with N. gonorrhoeae. All L. plantarum strains could moderately or strongly produce biofilms. L. plantarum strains did not show haemolytic activity and were generally sensitive to the tested antimicrobials. All lactobacillus strains were tolerant to heat and pH resistance tests. All three strains of L. plantarum showed antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The coincubation of L. plantarum strains with pathogens showed that the culture pH remained below 4.5 after 24 h. All cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) demonstrated activity against the two pathogens tested, and all L. plantarum strains produced hydrogen peroxide. CFCS characterisation in conjunction with gas chromatography revealed that organic acids, especially lactic acid, were responsible for the antimicrobial activity against the pathogens evaluated. Conclusion The three strains of L. plantarum presented significant probiotic characteristics against the two pathogens of clinical importance. In vitro screening identified strong probiotic candidates for in vivo studies for the treatment of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan das Neves Selis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hellen Braga Martins de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hiago Ferreira Leão
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Yan Bento Dos Anjos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Almeida Sampaio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolline Florentino Almeida
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva Carvalho Pena
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariane Mares Reis
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thamara Louisy Santos Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Laís Ferraz Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariluze Peixoto Cruz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Andréa Miura da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil.
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Śliżewska K, Chlebicz-Wójcik A, Nowak A. Probiotic Properties of New Lactobacillus Strains Intended to Be Used as Feed Additives for Monogastric Animals. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:146-162. [PMID: 32577907 PMCID: PMC7904557 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the safety and probiotic properties of selected Lactobacillus strains, which are intended to be fed to monogastric animals. The Lactobacillus spp. appeared to be safe since they did not degrade mucus and did not exhibit β-haemolysis. Moreover, the survival of Caco-2 cells in the presence of metabolites of the selected strains was high, which also indicated their safety. The analysed strains showed moderate or strong antagonistic activity against Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which was tested with the usage of the agar slab method. Furthermore, the strains showed high survivability in an acidic environment and the presence of bile salts (~90%). High resistivity or moderate susceptibility to antibiotics was also observed, as a result of the disc diffusion method. The strains were mostly moderately hydrophilic (hydrophobicity: 10.43–41.14%); nevertheless, their auto-aggregation capability exceeded 50% and their co-aggregation with pathogens varied between 12.12 and 85.45%. The ability of the selected strains to adhere to Caco-2 cells was also analysed; they were found to be moderately adhesive (85.09–95.05%) and able to hinder pathogens attaching to the cells (up to 62.58%). The analysed strains exhibit probiotic properties, such as high survivability and adherence to epithelial cells; therefore, they are suitable for administration to monogastric animals. Since the overuse of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and accumulation of chemotherapeutic residues in food of animal origin, it is of vital importance to introduce alternative feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Chlebicz-Wójcik
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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Chandrashekhar P, Minooei F, Arreguin W, Masigol M, Steinbach-Rankins JM. Perspectives on Existing and Novel Alternative Intravaginal Probiotic Delivery Methods in the Context of Bacterial Vaginosis Infection. AAPS J 2021; 23:66. [PMID: 33973067 PMCID: PMC8356663 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common vaginal infections that affects hundreds of millions of women of reproductive age, worldwide. Traditional treatment strategies, such as oral and topical antibiotics, have shown efficacy against BV, but frequent recurrence of infection and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria remain as significant challenges. Alternatively, recent progress in understanding immune, microbiological, and metabolic interactions in the vaginal microbiota has prompted the consideration of administering probiotic organisms to restore and maintain vaginal health within the context of BV prevention and treatment. Given this, the objective of this review is to discuss existing and potential alternative approaches to deliver, and to potentially sustain the delivery of probiotics, to prevent and/or treat BV infections. First, a brief overview is provided regarding the probiotic species and combinatorial probiotic strategies that have shown promise in the treatment of BV and in restoring female reproductive health. Additionally, the advantages and challenges associated with current oral and intravaginal probiotic delivery platforms are discussed. Lastly, we present emerging and promising alternative dosage forms, such as electrospun fibers and 3D bioprinted scaffolds, that may be adapted as new strategies to intravaginally deliver probiotic organisms. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farnaz Minooei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Wenndy Arreguin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, 505 S. Hancock St., Room 623, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Mohammadali Masigol
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, 505 S. Hancock St., Room 623, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, 505 S. Hancock St., Room 623, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Are Effectively Inhibited by Lactobacilli with Probiotic Properties Isolated from Brazilian Cupuaçu ( Theobroma grandiflorum) Fruit. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6626249. [PMID: 33997030 PMCID: PMC8102102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, certain Lactobacillus sp. have emerged in health care as an alternative therapy for various diseases. Based on this, this study is aimed at evaluating in vitro the potential probiotics of five lactobacilli strains isolated from pulp of cupuaçu fruit fermentation against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Our lactobacilli strains were classified as safe for use in humans, and they were tolerant to heat and pH. Our strains were biofilm producers, while hydrophobicity and autoaggregation varied from 13% to 86% and 13% to 25%, respectively. The coaggregation of lactobacilli used in this study with G. vaginalis and N. gonorrhoeae ranged from 15% to 36% and 32% to 52%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was present in all tested Lactobacillus strains against both pathogens, and the growth of pathogens in coculture was reduced by the presence of our lactobacilli. Also, all tested lactobacilli reduced the pH of the culture, even in incubation with pathogens after 24 hours. The cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) of all five lactobacilli demonstrated activity against the two pathogens with a halo presence and CFCS characterization assay together with gas chromatography revealed that lactic acid was the most abundant organic acid in the samples (50% to 62%). Our results demonstrated that the organic acid production profile is strain-specific. This study revealed that cupuaçu is a promising source of microorganisms with probiotic properties against genital pathogens. We demonstrated by in vitro tests that our Lactobacillus strains have probiotic properties. However, the absence of in vivo tests is a limitation of our work due to the need to evaluate the interaction of our lactobacilli with pathogens in the vaginal mucosa. We believe that these findings may be useful in developing a product containing our lactobacilli and their supernatants in order to support with vaginal health.
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Qian Z, Zhu H, Zhao D, Yang P, Gao F, Lu C, Yin Y, Kan S, Chen D. Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. Strains Inhibit Growth, Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expression of Bacterial Vaginosis-Inducing Gardnerella vaginalis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:728. [PMID: 33807455 PMCID: PMC8065998 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardnerella vaginalis contributes significantly to bacterial vaginosis, which causes an ecological imbalance in vaginal microbiota and presents with the depletion of Lactobacillus sp. Lactobacillus supplementation was reported to be an approach to treat bacterial vaginosis. We investigated the applicability of three Lactobacillus sp. strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckii DM8909, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC14917, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZX27) based on their probiotic abilities in vitro. The three candidate Lactobacillus sp. strains for bacterial vaginosis therapy showed distinct properties in auto-aggregation ability, hydrophobicity, adhesion to cervical epithelial cells, and survivability in 0.01% hydrogen peroxide. Lpb. plantarum ZX27 showed a higher yield in producing short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid among the three candidate strains, and all three Lactobacillus sp. strains inhibited the growth and adhesion of G. vaginalis. Furthermore, we discovered that the culture supernatant of Lactobacillus sp. exhibited anti-biofilm activity against G. vaginalis. In particular, the Lpb. plantarum ZX27 supernatant treatment decreased the expression of genes related to virulence factors, adhesion, biofilm formation, metabolism, and antimicrobial resistance in biofilm-forming cells and suspended cells. Moreover, Lactobacillus sp. decreased the upregulated expression of interleukin-8 in HeLa cells induced by G. vaginalis or hydrogen peroxide. These results demonstrate the efficacy of Lactobacillus sp. application for treating bacterial vaginosis by limiting the growth, adhesion, biofilm formation, and virulence properties of G. vaginalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Chunyi Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Yu Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Shidong Kan
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Daijie Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Q.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.); (P.Y.); (F.G.); (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
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ALP D, KULEAŞAN H. Determination of competition and adhesion abilities of lactic acid bacteria against gut pathogens in a whole-tissue model. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:250-258. [PMID: 33117624 PMCID: PMC7573109 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In an intestinal system with a balanced microbial diversity, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the key element which prevents the colonization and invasion of gut pathogens. Adhesion ability is important for the colonization and competition abilities of LAB. The aim of this study was to determine the adhesion and competition abilities of LAB by using a whole-tissue model. Indigenous strains were isolated from spontaneously fermented foods like cheese and pickles. The aggregation and competition abilities of the isolates were determined, as well as their resistance to gastrointestinal conditions. Four Lactobacillus strains and one Weissella strain were found to be highly competitive against three major gut pathogens, namely Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis. Tested strains decreased the number of pathogens to below their disease-causing levels. According to the results, the numbers of C. difficile and L. monocytogenes bacteria decreased by an average of 3 log, and their adhesion rates decreased by approximately 50%. However, the number of S. Enteritidis bacteria was decreased by only 1 log compared with its initial number. We thought that the weak effect on Salmonella was due to its possession of many virulence factors. The results showed that natural isolates from sources other than human specimens like the Weissella strain in this study were quite competent when compared with the human isolates in terms of their adhesion to intestines and resistance to gastrointestinal tract conditions. It was also revealed that a whole-tissue model with all-natural layers can be successfully used in adhesion and competition tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu ALP
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Hakan KULEAŞAN
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Isparta 32260, Turkey
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18
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Iorizzo M, Lombardi SJ, Ganassi S, Testa B, Ianiro M, Letizia F, Succi M, Tremonte P, Vergalito F, Cozzolino A, Sorrentino E, Coppola R, Petrarca S, Mancini M, De Cristofaro A. Antagonistic Activity against Ascosphaera apis and Functional Properties of Lactobacillus kunkeei Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E262. [PMID: 32443465 PMCID: PMC7277644 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an important group of honeybee gut microbiota. These bacteria are involved in food digestion, stimulate the immune system, and may antagonize undesirable microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacillus kunkeei is a fructophilic lactic acid bacterium (FLAB) most frequently found in the gastrointestinal tracts of honeybees. Ascosphaera apis is an important pathogenic fungus of honeybee larvae; it can colonize the intestine, especially in conditions of nutritional or environmental stress that cause microbial dysbiosis. In this work, some functional properties of nine selected L. kunkeei strains were evaluated. The study focused on the antifungal activity of these strains against A. apis DSM 3116, using different matrices: cell lysate, broth culture, cell-free supernatant, and cell pellet. The cell lysate showed the highest antifungal activity. Moreover, the strains were shown to possess good cell-surface properties (hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, and biofilm production) and a good resistance to high sugar concentrations. These L. kunkeei strains were demonstrated to be functional for use in "probiotic syrup", useful to restore the symbiotic communities of the intestine in case of dysbiosis and to exert a prophylactic action against A. apis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Silvia Jane Lombardi
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Sonia Ganassi
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Bruno Testa
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mario Ianiro
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Francesco Letizia
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mariantonietta Succi
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Patrizio Tremonte
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Franca Vergalito
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Autilia Cozzolino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Elena Sorrentino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Sonia Petrarca
- CONAPROA, Consorzio Nazionale Produttori Apistici, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Massimo Mancini
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (S.J.L.); (S.G.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (E.S.); (R.C.); (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
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Antibacterial Activity of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Mongolian Yogurt against Gardnerella vaginalis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3548618. [PMID: 32382546 PMCID: PMC7195648 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3548618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide interest in the use of functional foods containing probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium for health promotion and disease prevention has increased significantly. Probiotics have demonstrated beneficial properties including strengthening the body's natural defense system, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and regulating mental activity, but their effects on the human vagina have not been fully elucidated. The primary purpose of our study was to isolate Lactobacillus strains from old yogurt, a traditional dairy product, and investigate their probiotic potential with respect to the human vaginal system. Four Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) strains, named ZX1, ZX2, ZX27, and ZX69, were isolated from the yogurt samples. Simultaneously, we used a commercial Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus delbrueckii DM8909) as a control strain. We tested the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus isolates against Escherichia coli and Gardnerella vaginalis by agar spot and well diffusion tests. Then, we tested the antibiotic susceptibility of the 5 strains by using the minimal inhibitory concentration method. We attempted to detect possible bacteriocin genes by PCR sequencing technique. Using a chemically defined medium simulating genital tract secretions, we found that the selected Lactobacillus strains could alter the expression of known virulence genes in Gardnerella vaginalis. Bacteriocins derived from these isolated strains had potent antibacterial activity against G. vaginalis and E. coli, with the most effective activity observed in the case of ZX27. In addition, all strains including the L. delbrueckii DM8909 were positive for the presence of the plantaricin cluster of genes described in L. plantarum C11. The tested stains possessed the pln gene indicating that one of the antibacterial agents was plantaricin. We assume that the production of antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins induce G. vaginalis to upregulate antimicrobial resistance genes. The new isolated strains have bacteriocin-related genes and can change the antimicrobial resistance gene transcription of G. vaginalis.
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El-Deeb WM, Fayez M, Elsohaby I, Ghoneim I, Al-Marri T, Kandeel M, ElGioushy M. Isolation and characterization of vaginal Lactobacillus spp. in dromedary camels ( Camelus dromedarius): in vitro evaluation of probiotic potential of selected isolates. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8500. [PMID: 32071813 PMCID: PMC7007732 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus spp. is one of the beneficial lactic acid producing microbiota in the vagina, which is important for a healthy vaginal environment. However, little is known about vaginal Lactobacillus in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Therefore, this study aimed to isolate vaginal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dromedary camels and to study the probiotic potential of selected isolates. A total of 75 vaginal swabs were collected from pluriparous, non-pregnant, non-lactating dromedary camels. The LAB were isolated using deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe broth and agar media. Suspected LAB isolates were subjected to catalase testing and Gram staining and examined for indole production, nitrate reduction, hemolytic activity, cell surface hydrophobicity, auto- and coaggregation, antibacterial activity and characterized by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Eighteen LABs were isolated from the 75 vaginal swabs. Among the 18 LAB isolates, six were Lactobacillus plantarum, eight were Lactobacillus fermentum, and four were Lactobacillus rhamnosus. None of the LAB isolates was hemolytic and only four LAB were H2O2 producing. The percentage of hydrophobicity ranged from 0% to 49.6%, 0% to 44.3% and 0% to 41.6% for hexadecane, xylene and toluene, respectively. All isolates showed higher (P < 0.05) autoaggregation after 24 h of incubation compared to 4 h. Furthermore, all LAB showed higher coaggregation (P < 0.05) and antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus than to Escherichia coli. All LAB isolates were vancomycin resistant and sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol. Only, three LAB isolates were resistant to tetracycline. The dromedary camel vaginal LAB isolates exhibited varying degrees of in vitro probiotic properties tested in this study and showed promising activity against the most common bacterial causes of endometritis in dromedary camels. Further investigation of the in vivo effect of these isolates is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M. El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Ghoneim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Theeb Al-Marri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Magdy ElGioushy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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Zhang W, Ji H, Zhang D, Liu H, Wang S, Wang J, Wang Y. Complete Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001, a Potential Probiotic That Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Defense Against Pathogens in Pigs. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1689. [PMID: 30542296 PMCID: PMC6277807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Melgaço ACC, Blohem Pessoa WF, Freire HP, Evangelista de Almeida M, Santos Barbosa M, Passos Rezende R, Timenetsky J, Miranda Marques L, Romano CC. Potential of Maintaining a Healthy Vaginal Environment by Two Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Cocoa Fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7571954. [PMID: 30364031 PMCID: PMC6186379 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7571954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma do not have cell walls and therefore interact with host cells through lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMP). These lipoproteins are important for both surface adhesion and modulation of host immune responses. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma have been implicated in cases of bacterial vaginosis (BV), which can cause infertility, abortion, and premature delivery. In contrast, bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, which are present in the vaginal microbiota of healthy women, are thought to inhibit local colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro interactions between lipoproteins of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species and vaginal lineage (HMVII) cells and to study the effect of Lactobacillus isolates from cocoa fermentation on these interactions. The tested Lactobacillus strains showed some important probiotic characteristics, with autoaggregation percentages of 28.55% and 31.82% for L. fermentum FA4 and L. plantarum PA3 strains, respectively, and percent adhesion values of 31.66 and 41.65%, respectively. The two strains were hydrophobic, with moderate to high hydrophobicity values, 65.33% and 71.12% for L. fermentum FA4 and L. plantarum PA3 in toluene. Both strains secreted acids into the culture medium with pH=4.32 and pH=4.33, respectively, and showed antibiotics susceptibility profiles similar to those of other lactobacilli. The strains were also able to inhibit the death of vaginal epithelial cells after incubation with U. parvum LAMP from 41.03% to 2.43% (L. fermentum FA4) and 0.43% (L. plantarum PA3) and also managed to significantly decrease the rate of cell death caused by the interaction with LAMP of M. hominis from 34.29% to 14.06% (L. fermentum FA4) and 14.61% (L. plantarum PA3), thus demonstrating their potential for maintaining a healthy vaginal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Correia Melgaço
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Wallace Felipe Blohem Pessoa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Herbert Pina Freire
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Milena Evangelista de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Maysa Santos Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micoplasmas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micoplasmas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micoplasmas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde/Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, IMS/CAT-UFBA, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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