Serum Vaspin Concentration in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Differing Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study

Association of vaspin rs2236242 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: a meta-analysis of case-control studies

Background

Elevated circulating vaspin levels is linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The genetic basis of the association between vaspin rs2236242 and T2DM and obesity is still being investigated. We executed a meta-analysis to evaluate the magnitude of effect caused by vaspin rs2236242 on T2DM and obesity.

Methods

We searched Pubmed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published up to 19 February 2022. Data were extracted and summary estimates of the association between vaspin rs2236242 and T2DM and obesity were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the effect.

Results

This meta-analysis included 2206 cases and 2715 controls in the T2DM cohort, meanwhile 271 cases and 444 controls in the obesity cohort. The pooled estimates revealed no link between vaspin rs2236242 and T2DM, but allele-A was significantly higher in the controls of the obesity cohort, showing that this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has a reduced obesity risk effect. Sensitivity analysis revealed no studies that would modify the estimates or the heterogeneity. Begg and Mazumdar's and Egger's tests indicated no substantial publication bias.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis provides evidence of significant association between vaspin rs2236242 and reduced risk of obesity but not T2DM.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01119-8.

Evaluation of vaspin and irisin hormones levels in diabetic rats and relationship with diet

BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes with an increasing prevalence is a public health problem. Irisin and vaspin, which are secreted a majority from adipose tissue, are discovered hormones recently, and their effects on diabetes are studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to the effects of diet on these hormones levels in diabetic rats. METHODS: In this study, ten-week-old 18 Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups randomly. The diabetic group (n = 6) was fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Other rats were divided into two control groups, one of them (n = 6) was fed a control diet (CD), and the other group (n = 6) was fed HFD. The feeding time for all groups was 4 weeks. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used for diabetes induction in rats. RESULTS: At the end of the four weeks, the body weight of the diabetic group decreased significantly. In the diabetic group compared to the control groups, it was observed that besides high fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. Vaspin levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats, while irisin levels were similar between groups. Besides, vaspin level correlation with biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HOMA-IR score was significant. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study showed that besides the evidence that vaspine is a hormone associated with diabetes, diet composition could give an opinion about the type-2 diabetes process by looking at hormone levels.

Effect of Baseline Characteristics and Tumor Burden on Vaspin Expression and Progressive Disease in Operable Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous malignancy in the Asian population, and it is considered an important prognostic factor for baseline characteristics, tumor burden, and tumor markers. This study investigated the effect of baseline characteristics and tumor burden on tumor marker expression and progressive disease in colorectal cancer by using partial least squares variance-based path modeling (PLS-PM). PLS-PM can be used to evaluate the complex relationship between prognostic variables and progressive disease status with a small sample of measurements and structural models. A total of 89 tissue samples of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Our results suggested that the expression of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin) is a potential indicator of colorectal cancer progression and may be affected by baseline characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, according to the characteristics of tumor burden, the expression of vaspin was generally higher in each progressive disease patient. The overall findings suggest that vaspin is a potential indicator of the progressive disease and may be affected by the baseline characteristics of patients.

The Usefulness of Diagnostic Panels Based on Circulating Adipocytokines/Regulatory Peptides, Renal Function Tests, Insulin Resistance Indicators and Lipid-Carbohydrate Metabolism Parameters in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Obesity

The quantitative analysis of selected regulatory molecules, i.e., adropin, irisin, and vaspin in the plasma of obese patients with newly diagnosed, untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in the same patients after six months of using metformin, in relation to adropinemia, irisinemia and vaspinemia in obese individuals, was performed. The relationship between plasma concentration of the adipocytokines/regulatory peptides and parameters of renal function (albumin/creatinine ratio-ACR, estimated glomerular filtration rate-eGFR), values of insulin resistance indicators (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR2), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (HOMA-S), Homeostatic Model Assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), insulin), and parameters of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism (fasting plasma glucose-FPG, glycated hemoglobin-HbA_1C, estimated glucose disposal rate-eGDR, fasting lipid profile, TG/HDL ratio) in obese type 2 diabetic patients was also investigated. Circulating irisin and vaspin were found significantly different in subjects with metabolically healthy obesity and in type 2 diabetic patients. Significant increases in blood levels of both analyzed adipokines/regulatory peptides were observed in diabetic patients after six months of metformin treatment, as compared to pre-treatment levels. The change in plasma vaspin level in response to metformin therapy was parallel with the improving of insulin resistance/sensitivity parameters. An attempt was made to identify a set of biochemical tests that would vary greatly in obese non-diabetic subjects and obese patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as a set of parameters that are changing in patients with type 2 diabetes under the influence of six months metformin therapy, and thus differentiating patients' metabolic state before and after treatment. For these data analyses, both statistical measures of strength of the relationships of individual parameters, as well as multidimensional methods, including discriminant analysis and multifactorial analysis derived from machine learning methods, were used. Adropin, irisin, and vaspin were found as promising regulatory molecules, which may turn out to be useful indicators in the early detection of T2DM and differentiating the obesity phenotype with normal metabolic profile from T2DM obese patients. Multifactorial discriminant analysis revealed that irisin and vaspin plasma levels contribute clinically relevant information concerning the effectiveness of metformin treatment in T2D patients. Among the sets of variables differentiating with the highest accuracy the metabolic state of patients before and after six-month metformin treatment, were: (1) vaspin, HbA1c, HDL, LDL, TG, insulin, and HOMA-B (ACC = 88 [%]); (2) vaspin, irisin, QUICKI, and eGDR (ACC = 86 [%]); as well as, (3) vaspin, irisin, LDL, HOMA-S, ACR, and eGFR (ACC = 86 [%]).

Evaluation of biologically active substances promoting the development of or protecting against endometrial cancer

Introduction

Adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ and produces a number of biologically active substances.

Aims

To consider the role that four adipokines – leptin, omentin-1, vaspin, and galectin-3 – play in the diagnosis of endometrium cancer and to investigate the association between serum concentrations of adipose tissue metabolism products and the diagnostics and prognosis in endometrial cancer.

Patients and methods

The study included 168 patients with body mass index (BMI) >20 kg/m² admitted due to post-menopausal bleeding.

Results

A receiver operating characteristic curves test was performed to determine the diagnostic values of the proteins tested. For leptin and galectin-3 the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.79/0.68, while for vaspin and omentin-1 the AUC values were 0.82/0.86 for all study patients. The final model identified the following independent risk factors: glucose concentration, BMI, waist circumference, leptin, and vaspin concentrations. Diagnostic values of leptin and galectin-3 with regard to differentiation between high (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie Obstétrique [FIGO] III and IV) and low (FIGO I and II) stages of clinical tumor advancement and prediction of tumor grading (G1 vs G3) based on the AUC curve were 0.82/0.70 and 0.80/0.74. The AUC values for vaspin and omentin-1 with respect to differentiation between histopathological advancement and grading were 0.86/0.81 and 0.83/0.77, respectively. Significantly lower values of mean omentin-1 and vaspin concentrations were also demonstrated in cases of lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node metastases, or deep endometrial infiltration (p=0.002, p=0.01, p=0.003, respectively).

Conclusion

It appears that elevated concentrations of leptin, vaspin, and omentin-1 may indicate the presence of endometrial cancer. Furthermore, leptin serum level and vaspin appear to be useful tools in the assessment of clinical staging of endometrial cancer.