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Nguyen VD, Hughes TR, Zhou Y. From complement to complosome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: When location matters. Liver Int 2024; 44:316-329. [PMID: 38010880 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health threat and becoming the leading cause of liver transplantation. Nevertheless, no approved specific treatment is currently available for NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted and not yet fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role of the complement system in the development and progression of NAFLD. Here, we provide an overview of the complement system, incorporating the novel concept of complosome, and summarise the up-to-date evidence elucidating the association between complement dysregulation and the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this process, the extracellular complement system is activated through various pathways, thereby directly contributing to, or working together with other immune cells in the disease development and progression. We also introduce the complosome and assess the evidence that implicates its potential influence in NAFLD through its direct impact on hepatocytes or non-parenchymal liver cells. Additionally, we expound upon how complement system and the complosome may exert their effects in relation with hepatic zonation in NAFLD. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the complement system, extracellularly and intracellularly, for NAFLD treatment. Finally, we present future perspectives towards a better understanding of the complement system's contribution to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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2
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Piarulli F, Banfi C, Ragazzi E, Gianazza E, Munno M, Carollo M, Traldi P, Lapolla A, Sartore G. Multiplexed MRM-based proteomics for identification of circulating proteins as biomarkers of cardiovascular damage progression associated with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:36. [PMID: 38245742 PMCID: PMC10800045 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 2-4 fold, and is associated with endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and chronic hyperglycaemia. The aim of this investigation was to assess, by a multimarker mass spectrometry approach, the predictive role of circulating proteins as biomarkers of cardiovascular damage progression associated with diabetes mellitus. METHODS The study considered 34 patients with both T2DM and CHD, 31 patients with T2DM and without CHD, and 30 patients without diabetes with a diagnosis of CHD. Plasma samples of subjects were analysed through a multiplexed targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based assay, namely Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), allowing the simultaneous detection of peptides derived from a protein of interest. Gene Ontology (GO) Analysis was employed to identify enriched GO terms in the biological process, molecular function, or cellular component categories. Non-parametric multivariate methods were used to classify samples from patients and evaluate the relevance of the analysed proteins' panel. RESULTS A total of 81 proteins were successfully quantified in the human plasma samples. Gene Ontology analysis assessed terms related to blood microparticles, extracellular exosomes and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Preliminary evaluation using analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the differences in the proteomic profile among patient groups identified 13 out of the 81 proteins as significantly different. Multivariate analysis, including cluster analysis and principal component analysis, identified relevant grouping of the 13 proteins. The first main cluster comprises apolipoprotein C-III, apolipoprotein C-II, apolipoprotein A-IV, retinol-binding protein 4, lysozyme C and cystatin-C; the second one includes, albeit with sub-grouping, alpha 2 macroglobulin, afamin, kininogen 1, vitronectin, vitamin K-dependent protein S, complement factor B and mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves obtained with the 13 selected proteins using a nominal logistic regression indicated a significant overall distinction (p < 0.001) among the three groups of subjects, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) ranging 0.91-0.97, and sensitivity and specificity ranging from 85 to 100%. CONCLUSIONS Targeted mass spectrometry approach indicated 13 multiple circulating proteins as possible biomarkers of cardiovascular damage progression associated with T2DM, with excellent classification results in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, 20138, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Erica Gianazza
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Marco Munno
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Massimo Carollo
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Sartore
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Pinho SS, Alves I, Gaifem J, Rabinovich GA. Immune regulatory networks coordinated by glycans and glycan-binding proteins in autoimmunity and infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1101-1113. [PMID: 37582971 PMCID: PMC10541879 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is coordinated by an intricate network of stimulatory and inhibitory circuits that regulate host responses against endogenous and exogenous insults. Disruption of these safeguard and homeostatic mechanisms can lead to unpredictable inflammatory and autoimmune responses, whereas deficiency of immune stimulatory pathways may orchestrate immunosuppressive programs that contribute to perpetuate chronic infections, but also influence cancer development and progression. Glycans have emerged as essential components of homeostatic circuits, acting as fine-tuners of immunological responses and potential molecular targets for manipulation of immune tolerance and activation in a wide range of pathologic settings. Cell surface glycans, present in cells, tissues and the extracellular matrix, have been proposed to serve as "self-associated molecular patterns" that store structurally relevant biological data. The responsibility of deciphering this information relies on different families of glycan-binding proteins (including galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins) which, upon recognition of specific carbohydrate structures, can recalibrate the magnitude, nature and fate of immune responses. This process is tightly regulated by the diversity of glycan structures and the establishment of multivalent interactions on cell surface receptors and the extracellular matrix. Here we review the spatiotemporal regulation of selected glycan-modifying processes including mannosylation, complex N-glycan branching, core 2 O-glycan elongation, LacNAc extension, as well as terminal sialylation and fucosylation. Moreover, we illustrate examples that highlight the contribution of these processes to the control of immune responses and their integration with canonical tolerogenic pathways. Finally, we discuss the power of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as a source of immunomodulatory signals that could be leveraged for the treatment of autoimmune inflammation and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé S Pinho
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Alves
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Sarkar S, Elliott EC, Henry HR, Ludovico ID, Melchior JT, Frazer-Abel A, Webb-Robertson BJ, Davidson WS, Holers VM, Rewers MJ, Metz TO, Nakayasu ES. Systematic review of type 1 diabetes biomarkers reveals regulation in circulating proteins related to complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:38. [PMID: 37735622 PMCID: PMC10512508 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an autoimmune attack of the pancreatic β cells that progresses to dysglycemia and symptomatic hyperglycemia. Current biomarkers to track this evolution are limited, with development of islet autoantibodies marking the onset of autoimmunity and metabolic tests used to detect dysglycemia. Therefore, additional biomarkers are needed to better track disease initiation and progression. Multiple clinical studies have used proteomics to identify biomarker candidates. However, most of the studies were limited to the initial candidate identification, which needs to be further validated and have assays developed for clinical use. Here we curate these studies to help prioritize biomarker candidates for validation studies and to obtain a broader view of processes regulated during disease development. METHODS This systematic review was registered with Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/N8TSA ). Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of proteomics studies of T1D in the PubMed to identify putative protein biomarkers of the disease. Studies that performed mass spectrometry-based untargeted/targeted proteomic analysis of human serum/plasma of control, pre-seroconversion, post-seroconversion, and/or T1D-diagnosed subjects were included. For unbiased screening, 3 reviewers screened all the articles independently using the pre-determined criteria. RESULTS A total of 13 studies met our inclusion criteria, resulting in the identification of 266 unique proteins, with 31 (11.6%) being identified across 3 or more studies. The circulating protein biomarkers were found to be enriched in complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response pathways, all of which are found to be dysregulated in different phases of T1D development. We found 2 subsets: 17 proteins (C3, C1R, C8G, C4B, IBP2, IBP3, ITIH1, ITIH2, BTD, APOE, TETN, C1S, C6A3, SAA4, ALS, SEPP1 and PI16) and 3 proteins (C3, CLUS and C4A) have consistent regulation in at least 2 independent studies at post-seroconversion and post-diagnosis compared to controls, respectively, making them strong candidates for clinical assay development. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers analyzed in this systematic review highlight alterations in specific biological processes in T1D, including complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response pathways, and may have potential for further use in the clinic as prognostic or diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily C Elliott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hayden R Henry
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ivo Díaz Ludovico
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - John T Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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5
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Trambas IA, Coughlan MT, Tan SM. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Complement C5a Receptors in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108758. [PMID: 37240105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 30-40% of patients with diabetes and is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of the complement cascade, a highly conserved element of the innate immune system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The potent anaphylatoxin C5a is a critical effector of complement-mediated inflammation. Excessive activation of the C5a-signalling axis promotes a potent inflammatory environment and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammasome activation, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Conventional renoprotective agents used in the treatment of diabetes do not target the complement system. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates that inhibition of the complement system may prove protective in DKD by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting the C5a-receptor signaling axis is of particular interest, as inhibition at this level attenuates inflammation while preserving the critical immunological defense functions of the complement system. In this review, the important role of the C5a/C5a-receptor axis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and kidney injuries will be discussed, and an overview of the status and mechanisms of action of current complement therapeutics in development will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez A Trambas
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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6
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Liu A, Luo P, Huang H. New insight of complement system in the process of vascular calcification. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1168-1178. [PMID: 37002701 PMCID: PMC10148053 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system defences against pathogenic microbes and modulates immune homeostasis by interacting with the innate and adaptive immune systems. Dysregulation, impairment or inadvertent activation of complement system contributes to the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Vascular calcification is the pivotal pathological basis of CVD, and contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of CVD. Increasing evidences indicate that the complement system plays a key role in chronic kidney diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and aging-related diseases, which are closely related with vascular calcification. However, the effect of complement system on vascular calcification is still unclear. In this review, we summarize current evidences about the activation of complement system in vascular calcification. We also describe the complex network of complement system and vascular smooth muscle cells osteogenic transdifferentiation, systemic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, extracellular matrix remodelling, oxidative stress, apoptosis in vascular calcification. Hence, providing a better understanding of the potential relationship between complement system and vascular calcification, so as to provide a direction for slowing the progression of this burgeoning health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
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7
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Sarkar S, Elliott EC, Henry HR, Ludovico ID, Melchior JT, Frazer-Abel A, Webb-Robertson BJ, Davidson WS, Holers VM, Rewers MJ, Metz TO, Nakayasu ES. Systematic review of type 1 diabetes biomarkers reveals regulation in circulating proteins related to complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.21.23286132. [PMID: 36865103 PMCID: PMC9980237 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.23286132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an autoimmune attack of the pancreatic β cells that progresses to dysglycemia and symptomatic hyperglycemia. Current biomarkers to track this evolution are limited, with development of islet autoantibodies marking the onset of autoimmunity and metabolic tests used to detect dysglycemia. Therefore, additional biomarkers are needed to better track disease initiation and progression. Multiple clinical studies have used proteomics to identify biomarker candidates. However, most of the studies were limited to the initial candidate identification, which needs to be further validated and have assays developed for clinical use. Here we curate these studies to help prioritize biomarker candidates for validation studies and to obtain a broader view of processes regulated during disease development. Methods This systematic review was registered with Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/N8TSA). Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of proteomics studies of T1D in the PubMed to identify putative protein biomarkers of the disease. Studies that performed mass spectrometry-based untargeted/targeted proteomic analysis of human serum/plasma of control, pre-seroconversion, post-seroconversion, and/or T1D-diagnosed subjects were included. For unbiased screening, 3 reviewers screened all the articles independently using the pre-determined criteria. Results A total of 13 studies met our inclusion criteria, resulting in the identification of 251 unique proteins, with 27 (11%) being identified across 3 or more studies. The circulating protein biomarkers were found to be enriched in complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response pathways, all of which are found to be dysregulated in different phases of T1D development. We found a subset of 3 proteins (C3, KNG1 & CFAH), 6 proteins (C3, C4A, APOA4, C4B, A2AP & BTD) and 7 proteins (C3, CLUS, APOA4, C6, A2AP, C1R & CFAI) have consistent regulation between multiple studies in samples from individuals at pre-seroconversion, post-seroconversion and post-diagnosis compared to controls, respectively, making them strong candidates for clinical assay development. Conclusions Biomarkers analyzed in this systematic review highlight alterations in specific biological processes in T1D, including complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response pathways, and may have potential for further use in the clinic as prognostic or diagnostic assays.
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8
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Gupta A, Gupta GS. Applications of mannose-binding lectins and mannan glycoconjugates in nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 24:228. [PMID: 36373057 PMCID: PMC9638366 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-022-05594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glycosylated nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn a lot of attention in the biomedical field over the past few decades, particularly in applications like targeted drug delivery. Mannosylated NPs and mannan-binding lectins/proteins (MBL/MBP) are emerging as promising tools for delivery of drugs, medicines, and enzymes to targeted tissues and cells as nanocarriers, enhancing their therapeutic benefits while avoiding the adverse effects of the drug. The occurrence of plenty of lectin receptors and their mannan ligands on cell surfaces makes them multifaceted carriers appropriate for specific delivery of bioactive drug materials to their targeted sites. Thus, the present review describes the tethering of mannose (Man) to several nanostructures, like micelles, liposomes, and other NPs, applicable for drug delivery systems. Bioadhesion through MBL-like receptors on cells has involvements applicable to additional arenas of science, for example gene delivery, tissue engineering, biomaterials, and nanotechnology. This review also focuses on the role of various aspects of drug/antigen delivery using (i) mannosylated NPs, (ii) mannosylated lectins, (iii) amphiphilic glycopolymer NPs, and (iv) natural mannan-containing polysaccharides, with most significant applications of MBL-based NPs as multivalent scaffolds, using different strategies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Mannosylated NPs and/or MBL/MBP are coming up as viable and versatile tools as nanocarriers to deliver drugs and enzymes precisely to their target tissues or cells. The presence of abundant number of lectin receptors and their mannan ligands on cell surfaces makes them versatile carriers suitable for the targeted delivery of bioactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gupta
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - G. S. Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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9
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Tan SM, Snelson M, Østergaard JA, Coughlan MT. The Complement Pathway: New Insights into Immunometabolic Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:781-801. [PMID: 34806406 PMCID: PMC9587781 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, results in microvascular complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is partly believe to involve disrupted energy generation in the kidney, leading to injury that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the innate immune complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of DKD; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Recent Advances: Complement, traditionally thought of as the prime line of defense against microbial intrusion, has recently been recognized to regulate immunometabolism. Studies have shown that the complement activation products, Complement C5a and C3a, which are potent pro-inflammatory mediators, can mediate an array of metabolic responses in the kidney in the diabetic setting, including altered fuel utilization, disrupted mitochondrial respiratory function, and reactive oxygen species generation. In diabetes, the lectin pathway is activated via autoreactivity toward altered self-surfaces known as danger-associated molecular patterns, or via sensing altered carbohydrate and acetylation signatures. In addition, endogenous complement inhibitors can be glycated, whereas diet-derived glycated proteins can themselves promote complement activation, worsening DKD, and lending support for environmental influences as an additional avenue for propagating complement-induced inflammation and kidney injury. Critical Issues: Recent evidence indicates that conventional renoprotective agents used in DKD do not target the complement, leaving this web of inflammatory stimuli intact. Future Directions: Future studies should focus on the development of novel pharmacological agents that target the complement pathway to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney fibrosis, thereby reducing the burden of microvascular diseases in diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 781-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Šoić D, Keser T, Štambuk J, Kifer D, Pociot F, Lauc G, Morahan G, Novokmet M, Gornik O. High-Throughput Human Complement C3 N-Glycoprofiling Identifies Markers of Early Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100407. [PMID: 36031042 PMCID: PMC9538898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that children at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a higher proportion of oligomannose glycans in their total plasma protein N-glycome compared to their healthy siblings. The most abundant complement component, glycoprotein C3, contains two N-glycosylation sites occupied exclusively by this type of glycans. Furthermore, complement system, as well as C3, was previously associated with T1D. It is also known that changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, so our aim was to characterize the glycosylation profile of C3 in T1D. For this purpose, we developed a novel high-throughput workflow for human C3 concanavalin A lectin affinity enrichment and subsequent LC-MS glycopeptide analysis which enables protein-specific N-glycosylation profiling. From the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register, plasma samples of 61 children/adolescents newly diagnosed with T1D and 84 of their unaffected siblings were C3 N-glycoprofiled. Significant changes of C3 N-glycan profiles were found. T1D was associated with an increase in the proportion of unprocessed glycan structures with more mannose units. A regression model including C3 N-glycans showed notable discriminative power between children with early onset T1D and their healthy siblings with area under curve of 0.879. This study confirmed our previous findings of plasma high-mannose glycan changes in a cohort of recent onset T1D cases, suggesting the involvement of C3 N-glycome in T1D development. Our C3 glycan-based discriminative model could be valuable in assessment of T1D risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Šoić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,For correspondence: Olga Gornik
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11
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Cohen LJ, Han SM, Lau P, Guisado D, Liang Y, Nakashige TG, Ali T, Chiang D, Rahman A, Brady SF. Unraveling function and diversity of bacterial lectins in the human microbiome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3101. [PMID: 35661736 PMCID: PMC9166713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which commensal organisms affect human physiology remain poorly understood. Lectins are non-enzymatic carbohydrate binding proteins that all organisms employ as part of establishing a niche, evading host-defenses and protecting against pathogens. Although lectins have been extensively studied in plants, bacterial pathogens and human immune cells for their role in disease pathophysiology and as therapeutics, the role of bacterial lectins in the human microbiome is largely unexplored. Here we report on the characterization of a lectin produced by a common human associated bacterium that interacts with myeloid cells in the blood and intestine. In mouse and cell-based models, we demonstrate that this lectin induces distinct immunologic responses in peripheral and intestinal leukocytes and that these responses are specific to monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Our analysis of human microbiota sequencing data reveal thousands of unique sequences that are predicted to encode lectins, many of which are highly prevalent in the human microbiome yet completely uncharacterized. Based on the varied domain architectures of these lectins we predict they will have diverse effects on the human host. The systematic investigation of lectins in the human microbiome should improve our understanding of human health and provide new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sun M Han
- Department of Medicine, Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pearson Lau
- Department of Medicine, Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Guisado
- Department of Medicine, Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yupu Liang
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toshiki G Nakashige
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thamina Ali
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Chiang
- Division of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean F Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Østergaard JA, Jansson Sigfrids F, Forsblom C, Dahlström EH, Thorn LM, Harjutsalo V, Flyvbjerg A, Thiel S, Hansen TK, Groop PH. The pattern-recognition molecule H-ficolin in relation to diabetic kidney disease, mortality, and cardiovascular events in type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8919. [PMID: 33903634 PMCID: PMC8076270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
H-ficolin recognizes patterns on microorganisms and stressed cells and can activate the lectin pathway of the complement system. We aimed to assess H-ficolin in relation to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), all-cause mortality, diabetes-related mortality, and cardiovascular events. Event rates per 10-unit H-ficolin-increase were compared in an observational follow-up of 2,410 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the FinnDiane Study. DKD progression occurred in 400 individuals. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for progression was 1.29 (1.18–1.40) and 1.16 (1.05–1.29) after adjustment for diabetes duration, sex, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and smoking status. After adding triglycerides to the model, the HR decreased to 1.07 (0.97–1.18). In all, 486 individuals died, including 268 deaths of cardiovascular causes and 192 deaths of complications to diabetes. HRs for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were 1.13 (1.04–1.22) and 1.05 (0.93–1.17), respectively, in unadjusted analyses. These estimates lost statistical significance in adjusted models. However, the unadjusted HR for diabetes-related mortality was 1.19 (1.05–1.35) and 1.18 (1.02–1.37) with the most stringent adjustment level. Our results, therefore, indicate that H-ficolin predicts diabetes-related mortality, but neither all-cause mortality nor fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular events. Furthermore, H-ficolin is associated with DKD progression, however, not independently of the fully adjusted model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Appel Østergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fanny Jansson Sigfrids
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma H Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. .,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. .,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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13
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Fardipour S, Moein S, Teshnizi SH, Khaytian M, Qujeq D. Evaluation of MASP1, CMPF and U.A serum levels in pre-diabetic subjects in comparison to Normal individuals for early diagnosis of subjects with pre-diabetes, a case-control study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1593-1598. [PMID: 33520855 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study designed to evaluate the Serum levels of CMPF, MASP1 and UA in pre-diabetic subjects was compared to normal subjects. Methods This research is a case-control study. We studied 44 pre-diabetics with 44 normal subjects and were evaluated serum concentration of CMPF, Masp1 and U.Ain both groups andfurthermore serum concentration FPG, BUN, Cr, Cho, TG, HDLc, LDLc, AST, ALT, ALP, HbA1c was examined and correlation between of CMPF, Masp1 and U.Aand other parameters was statistically analyzed. Results Serum levels of MASP1, CMPF, fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.001)and uric acid (P < 0.002) were significantly increased in pre-diabetic subjects. In this study, a significant difference was found between MASP1 and CMPF in pre-diabetic subjects compared to normal subjects (P=0.005, r=0.291). There was also a significant difference between serum levels of MASP1 with HbA1C (P=0.01, r=0.269). Conclusion Serum levels of CMPF, MASP1 and uric acid were increased in pre-diabetic subjects. These parameters can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Fardipour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Khaytian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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14
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Zhou ZF, Jiang L, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Chen QK, Lv JL. Roles of pattern recognition receptors in diabetic nephropathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:192-203. [PMID: 32133797 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the most common complication of diabetes. It is considered to be one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and affects many diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DN is extremely complex and has not yet been clarified; however, in recent years, increasing evidence has shown the important role of innate immunity in DN pathogenesis. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are important components of the innate immune system and have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of DN. In this review, we classify PRRs into secretory, endocytic, and signal transduction PRRs according to the relationship between the PRRs and subcellular compartments. PRRs can recognize related pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thus triggering a series of inflammatory responses, promoting renal fibrosis, and finally causing renal impairment. In this review, we describe the proposed role of each type of PRRs in the development and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qin-Kai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jin-Lei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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15
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Borceux P, Morelle J, Goffin E. Complement system activation and peritoneal membrane alterations: Culprit or innocent bystander? Perit Dial Int 2020; 40:115-123. [PMID: 32063185 DOI: 10.1177/0896860819896242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) accounts for approximately 10% of the dialysis population worldwide. Major concern limiting long-term PD success is the loss of the peritoneal membrane function after prolonged exposure to dialysis solutions. The complement system is a major component of the innate immune system, which provides a first-line defense against pathogens. Uncontrolled activation of the complement system directly contributes to the pathophysiology of rare and common kidney diseases and to a growing number of nonrenal diseases. Here, we review currently available evidence of complement activation in patients treated with PD and its association with structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane. Mainly, evidence point toward a local, intraperitoneal, production of complement molecules in response to PD exposure. Dialysis fluids, particularly glucose, play a role in complement activation and dysregulation leading to untoward PD-related pathophysiological processes such as peritoneal fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vasculopathy and, perhaps, encapsulating peritoneal fibrosis development. These findings could lead to further development and use of anticomplement therapeutics in PD patients to prevent membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Borceux
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johann Morelle
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Lee CP, Nithiyanantham S, Hsu HT, Yeh KT, Kuo TM, Ko YC. ALPK1 regulates streptozotocin-induced nephropathy through CCL2 and CCL5 expressions. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7699-7708. [PMID: 31557402 PMCID: PMC6815771 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ALPK1 is associated with chronic kidney disease, gout and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Raised renal ALPK1 level in patients with diabetes was reported. Accelerated fibrotic nephropathies were observed in hyperglycaemic mice with up-regulated ALPK1. The aim of this study was to identify the mediators contributing to ALPK1 effect involving in nephropathies induction. The haematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical analysis of ALPK1, NFkB, CCL2 and CCL5 were performed in the mice kidney. Cytokine antibody array analysis was performed in streptozotocin-treated wild-type mice (WT-STZ) and streptozotocin-treated ALPK1 transgenic mice (TG-STZ). The ALPK1 levels were measured in mice kidney and in cultured cells. We found that the higher levels of renal CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/Rantes and G-CSF expression in TG-STZ compared with the WT-STZ. Glucose increased ALPK1 expressions in monocytic THP1 and human kidney-2 cells. The protein expression of ALPK1, NFkB and lectin was up-regulated in glucose-treated HK-2 cells. Knockdown of ALPK1 reduced CCL2 and CCL5 mRNA levels, whereas overexpressed ALPK1 increased CCL2 and CCL5 in cultured kidney cells. Taken together, these results show that high glucose increases ALPK1 and chemokine levels in the kidney. Elevated ALPK1 expression enhances renal CCL2 and CCL5 expressions in vivo and in vitro. ALPK1 is a mediator for CCL2 and CCL5 chemokine up-regulation involving in diabetic nephropathies induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Pin Lee
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Srinivasan Nithiyanantham
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Hsu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Min Kuo
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Abstract
The C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that recognize a broad repertoire of ligands and that regulate a diverse range of physiological functions. Most research attention has focused on the ability of C-type lectins to function in innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses, but these proteins are increasingly being recognized to have a major role in autoimmune diseases and to contribute to many other aspects of multicellular existence. Defects in these molecules lead to developmental and physiological abnormalities, as well as altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Review, we present an overview of the roles of C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis, with an emphasis on the most exciting recent discoveries.
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18
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Role of complement in diabetes. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:270-277. [PMID: 31400630 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the complement system in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the vascular complications that characterise this condition. Complement proteins contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by enhancing the underlying organ-specific autoimmune processes. Complement upregulation and activation is also an important feature of insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, animal and human studies indicate that complement proteins are involved in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications. The adverse vascular effects of complement appear to be related to enhancement of the inflammatory process and the predisposition to a thrombotic environment, eventually leading to vascular occlusion. Complement proteins have been considered as therapeutic targets to prevent or treat vascular disease but studies have been mainly conducted in animal models, while human work has been both limited and inconclusive so far. Further studies are needed to understand the potential role of complement proteins as therapeutic targets for reversal of the pathological processes leading to T1D and T2D and for the prevention/treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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19
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Sircar M, Rosales IA, Selig MK, Xu D, Zsengeller ZK, Stillman IE, Libermann TA, Karumanchi SA, Thadhani RI. Complement 7 Is Up-Regulated in Human Early Diabetic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2147-2154. [PMID: 30253844 PMCID: PMC6180251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a temporal window from the time diabetes is diagnosed to the appearance of overt kidney disease during which time the disease progresses quietly without detection. Currently, there is no way to detect early diabetic nephropathy (EDN). Herein, we performed an unbiased assessment of gene-expression analysis of postmortem human kidneys to identify candidate genes that may contribute to EDN. We then studied one of the most promising differentially expressed genes in both kidney tissue and blood samples. Differential transcriptome analysis of EDN kidneys and matched nondiabetic controls showed alterations in five canonical pathways, and among them the complement pathway was the most significantly altered. One specific complement pathway gene, complement 7 (C7), was significantly elevated in EDN kidney. Real-time PCR confirmed more than a twofold increase of C7 expression in EDN kidneys compared with controls. Changes in C7 gene product level were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. C7 protein levels were elevated in proximal tubules of EDN kidneys. Serum C7 protein levels were also measured in EDN and control donors. C7 levels were significantly higher in EDN serum than control serum. This latter finding was independently confirmed in a second set of blood samples from a previously collected data set. Together, our data suggest that C7 is associated with EDN, and can be used as a molecular target for detection and/or treatment of EDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sircar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners Health Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners Health Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin K Selig
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners Health Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dihua Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners Health Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zsuzsanna K Zsengeller
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, and Systems Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravi I Thadhani
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners Health Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Translational science in albuminuria: a new view of de novo albuminuria under chronic RAS suppression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:739-758. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of de novo albuminuria during chronic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) suppression is a clinical entity that remains poorly recognized in the biomedical literature. It represents a clear increment in global cardiovascular (CV) and renal risk that cannot be counteracted by RAS suppression. Although not specifically considered, it is clear that this entity is present in most published and ongoing trials dealing with the different forms of CV and renal disease. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms promoting albuminuria, and the predictors and new markers of de novo albuminuria, as well as the potential treatment options to counteract the excretion of albumin. The increase in risk that accompanies de novo albuminuria supports the search for early markers and predictors that will allow practising physicians to assess and prevent the development of de novo albuminuria in their patients.
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21
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Global Autorecognition and Activation of Complement by Mannan-Binding Lectin in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9403754. [PMID: 28751823 PMCID: PMC5485322 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9403754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links mannan-binding lectin (MBL) to late vascular complications of diabetes. MBL is a complement-activating pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system that can mediate an inflammation response through activation of the lectin pathway. In two recent animal studies, we have shown that autoreactivity of MBL is increased in the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesize that long-term exposure to uncontrolled high blood glucose in diabetes may mediate formation of neoepitopes in several tissues and that MBL is able to recognize these structures and thus activate the lectin pathway. To test this hypothesis, we induced diabetes by injection of low-dose streptozotocin in MBL double-knockout (MBL/DKO) mice. Development of diabetes was followed by measurements of blood glucose and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Fluorophore-labelled recombinant MBL was injected intravenously in diabetic and nondiabetic mice followed by ex vivo imaging of several organs. We observed that MBL accumulated in the heart, liver, brain, lung, pancreas, and intestines of diabetic mice. We furthermore detected increased systemic complement activation after administration of MBL, thus indicating MBL-mediated systemic complement activation in these animals. These new findings indicate a global role of MBL during late diabetes-mediated vascular complications in various tissues.
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