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Fida R, Watson D, Ghezzi V, Barbaranelli C, Ronchetti M, Di Tecco C. Is Gender an Antecedent to Workplace Stressors? A Systematic Review and an Empirical Study Using a Person-Centred Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085541. [PMID: 37107823 PMCID: PMC10139098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Work is a key domain of life in which gender inequality can manifest, yet gender is rarely the explicit focus of research seeking to understand exposure to stressors. We investigated this research gap in two studies. METHODS Study 1 was a systematic review of the relationship between gender and key stressors (e.g., high demands, poor support, lack of clarity and control). From a total of 13,376,130 papers met our inclusion criteria. Study 2 was a cross-sectional study that included 11,289 employees nested within 71 public organisations (50.6% men). Through a latent profile analysis, we investigated the profiles of stressors separately from men and women. RESULTS The systematic review revealed that, for all stressors, a significant proportion of studies found no significant gender differences, and the review found mixed evidence of greater exposure for both men and women. The results of Study 2 revealed that both genders could be optimally represented by three psychosocial risk profiles reflecting medium, low and high stressors. The results also showed that while the shape of profiles was similar for both genders, men had a higher probability than women of being in the virtuous (i.e., low stressors) profile, and the opposite pattern emerged for the average profile (i.e., medium levels of stressors). Men and women displayed the same likelihood of being classified in the at-risk profile (i.e., high levels of stressors). CONCLUSION Gender differences in exposure to stressors are inconsistent. Although the literature on gender role theory and the gendering of work suggests different exposures to stressors in men and women, we find little empirical support for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fida
- Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Watson
- Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Valerio Ghezzi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Barbaranelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Ronchetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
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Deiana G, Dettori M, Muresu N, Puci MV, Saderi L, Piga ML, Sias V, Pisu D, Foddai MA, Gazzolo T, Fiorini PP, Milia L, Mariotti G, Sotgiu G, Azara A, Piana A. Gender equality in the Italian academic context. Results from the IGEA project. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1125496. [PMID: 36895683 PMCID: PMC9988914 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Innovation for Gender Equality in Academia (IGEA) project is focused on the analysis of the gender composition in academia, on the identification of the health needs of the academic population and on the assessment of their organizational wellbeing, in order to promote equal working conditions and opportunities. The study, focused on the identification of health needs, involved the construction of an ad hoc questionnaire in order to collect the socio-demographic characteristics and the perception of working environment of the participants. Differences between males and females were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher exact tests as appropriate, highlighting significant differences between genders regarding the occurrence of anxiety, panic, irritation and annoyance related to work activities. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the perception of work-related anxiety/panic, showing a direct association with the difficulty in work performance and the work-related stress during the pandemic period, whereas, an indirect association was found with job satisfaction and the feeling of being appreciated by colleagues. Occupational stress can increase the risk of developing physical and mental conditions, also affecting work performance and absenteeism. It is therefore fundamental to plan targeted interventions, implement policies and specific actions, in order to avoid and reduce any differences related to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Dettori
- University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Narcisa Muresu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Laura Saderi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Piga
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Sias
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pisu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Milia
- Department of Law, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gavino Mariotti
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Azara
- University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Piana
- University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Chan L, Liu RKW, Lam TP, Chen JY, Tipoe GL, Ganotice FA. Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2044635. [PMID: 35275804 PMCID: PMC8920356 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2044635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing global crisis of physician burnout. Physician and particularly medical educator well-being, has come into focus as educators can influence their own and learners' well-being. Measuring this construct is one important step towards promoting well-being in the work and learning environments. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has been validated in different populations worldwide for assessing well-being. Yet, its psychometric acceptability remains unexplored among medical educators in Asia including Hong Kong (HK). This study evaluates the validity of the WHO-5 when used among HK medical educators. METHOD Using data from 435 medical educators, we employed combined within-network (confirmatory factor analysis; CFA) and between-network approaches (correlation and regression) to scale validation. RESULTS CFA results indicated that our data fit the a priori WHO-5 model, suggesting structural validity. Results of comparison of means indicated no gender differences, but there were significant differences when participants were compared by age and professional backgrounds. Resilience predicted well-being as measured by the WHO-5, suggesting construct criterion validity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend the validity evidence for the WHO-5 to HK medical educators examined in this study. This enables their well-being to be assessed when evaluating the impact of future well-being programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- CONTACT Linda Chan The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rebecca K. W. Liu
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai Pong Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie Y. Chen
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - George L. Tipoe
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fraide A. Ganotice
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Fraide A. Ganotice
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4
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Fioravanti G, Bocci Benucci S, Prostamo A, Banchi V, Casale S. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological health in a sample of Italian adults: A three-wave longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 315:114705. [PMID: 35809495 PMCID: PMC9250412 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting societal restrictions have had negative implications for mental health in the general population. The aims of the present longitudinal study were (i) to investigate changes in psychopathological symptoms and psychological well-being in a sample of Italian individuals surveyed at different points of the pandemic and (ii) to evaluate the potential risk and protective factors associated with the psychopathological outcomes. Self-reported data on psychiatric symptoms, and psychological well-being were collected in March 2020 (T0, the lockdown phase), in May 2020 (T1, the end of the lockdown phase), and in November 2020 (T2, the second wave of COVID-19 infection). 1258 participants (Mage=23.43, SDage=6.45; 75.4% female) were recruited at T0. Of these, 712 also completed the T1 survey, and 369 also completed the T2 survey. A significant decrease in anxiety, depressive, posttraumatic, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and a significant increase in psychological well-being were observed from T0 to T1. All psychopathological symptoms increased, and psychological well-being decreased significantly from T1 to T2. Several demographic, psychological and COVID-19-related factors emerged as predictors over the course of the pandemic. The current findings indicated that psychological health covaried with the intensity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated societal restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, Florence 50100, Italy.
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5
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Getaneh Mekonen E, Shetie Workneh B, Seid Ali M, Fentie Abegaz B, Wassie Alamirew M, Aemro Terefe A. Prevalence of work-related stress and its associated factors among bank workers in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Wickrama KAS, Lee TK, O'Neal CW. Heterogeneity in Husbands' and Wives' Physical Pain Trajectories Over Mid-Later Years: Biopsychosocial Stratification and Implications for Later-Life Well-Being. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:930-941. [PMID: 33453117 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The present study investigated pain trajectories of husbands and wives over their mid-later years, the grouping of these trajectories, and differences in baseline biopsychosocial profiles and health and well-being outcomes in later years across the pain trajectory groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Growth mixture modeling was used to identify latent classes of 244 husbands' and wives' physical pain trajectories over their mid-later years (1994-2015, average ages of 44-65 years). Analyses were conducted to identify how these pain trajectory classes were associated with respondents' biopsychosocial profiles in 1994 and health and well-being in later years (2017 [>67 years]). RESULTS The individual pain trajectories of husbands and wives were clustered into 3 heterogeneous groups with differing trajectory patterns. Nonnormative pain trajectory groups (with either a high pain level and/or persistent pain) were associated with adverse baseline biopsychosocial characteristics. These groups also experienced poorer health and well-being outcomes in later years (2017) compared to those with consistently low pain after controlling for lagged measures in 2015. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The identification of pain trajectory groups and characteristics of group members provides a potentially useful prognostic tool for early preventive intervention efforts, treatment, and policy formation. Such interventions can promote and develop resiliency factors, thereby aiding in the redirection of middle-aged husbands' and wives' adverse pain trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandauda A S Wickrama
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
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Sinvani RT, Fogel-Grinvald H, Afek A, Ben-Avraham R, Davidov A, Cohen NB, Ben Yehuda A, Nahum M, Gilboa Y. Ecological Momentary Mood, Resilience, and Mental Health Status as Predictors of Quality of Life Among Young Adults Under Stress: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:672397. [PMID: 34239462 PMCID: PMC8257937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.672397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple internal factors, such as psychological resilience and mental health status, have been shown to contribute to overall quality of life (QoL). However, very few studies to date have examined how these factors contribute to QoL of youth and young adults in a stressful situation. Here, we studied the contribution of these factors, as well as of ecological momentary mood assessment, to QoL of young army recruits during their Basic Training Combat (BCT). To this end, we collected data from 156 male and female soldiers in a mixed-gender unit in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Using a mobile app installed on participants' phones, participants provided self-reports regarding their mental health status and psychological resilience at baseline, and QoL 2 weeks later. Momentary mood reporting was further collected during the 2-week interval period using a daily self-report mood scale (IMS-12). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the interrelationships among the study variables based on a hypothesized model. We found that a model with all factors (gender, resilience, mental health status and momentary mood) provided a good fit for the data based on its fit indices [χ2(38) = 47.506, p = 0.139, CFI = 0.979, NFI = 0.910, RMSEA = 0.040, TLI = 0.964]. However, the only direct contributors to QoL were gender and momentary mood, accounting together for 61.5% of the variance of QoL. Psychological resilience and mental health status contributed to QoL only indirectly, through their associations with momentary mood. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of ecological momentary assessment of mental-health related factors such as mood to the prediction of QoL in young adults under stress. These findings may have broader implications for monitoring and improvement of well-being in young healthy populations as well as in clinical ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel-Tzofia Sinvani
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haya Fogel-Grinvald
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Afek
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rina Ben-Avraham
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Davidov
- Medical Branch, Ground Forces, Israel Defense Forces, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noa Berezin Cohen
- Department of Health and Well-Bring, Medical Crops, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Ben Yehuda
- Department of Health and Well-Bring, Medical Crops, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mor Nahum
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yafit Gilboa
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Budimir S, Pieh C, Dale R, Probst T. Severe Mental Health Symptoms during COVID-19: A Comparison of the United Kingdom and Austria. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:191. [PMID: 33572425 PMCID: PMC7916211 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated severe psychological symptoms in the United Kingdom and Austria after four weeks of lockdown due to COVID-19. Two cross-sectional online surveys were performed with representative population samples according to age, gender, region, and education. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and insomnia symptoms with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The sample size was N = 1005 for Austria (52% women) and N = 1006 (54% women) for the UK. In total, 3.2% of the Austrian sample and 12.1% of the UK sample had severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 20 points; χ2(1) = 57.24; p < 0.001), 6.0% in Austria vs. 18.9% in the UK had severe anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 15 points; χ2(1) = 76.17; p < 0.001), and 2.2% in Austria and 7.3% in the UK had severe insomnia (ISI; ≥22 points; χ2(1) = 28.89; p < 0.001). The prevalence of severe depressive, anxiety or insomnia symptoms was around three times higher in the UK than in Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Budimir
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; (C.P.); (R.D.); (T.P.)
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; (C.P.); (R.D.); (T.P.)
| | - Rachel Dale
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; (C.P.); (R.D.); (T.P.)
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; (C.P.); (R.D.); (T.P.)
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De Sio S, La Torre G, Buomprisco G, Lapteva E, Perri R, Corbosiero P, Ferraro P, Giovannetti A, Greco E, Cedrone F. Consequences of COVID19-pandemic lockdown on Italian occupational physicians' psychosocial health. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243194. [PMID: 33534805 PMCID: PMC7857620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on March 12, 2020. Italy has been the most affected country in the world, right after China. Healthcare workers (HCWs) were among the hardest hit by this event from both a working and psychological point of view. The aim of this web-based cross-sectional study is to assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian Occupational Physicians’ well-being and psychological distress, in relation to demographic and occupational characteristic, lifestyle and habits during the lockdown period. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey questionnaire from April 1 to April 21st, 2020. To evaluate the level of psychological distress and the level of well-being, the general Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index were utilized. Since the statistical assumptions were respected, we proceeded with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to ascertain the differences between the averages of the scores of the GHQ-12. Doctors who live in the most affected regions have a prevalence of psychological distress higher than their colleagues from the rest of Italy. ANOVA shows significant differences relating to the female gender, and to the life changes provoked by the lockdown for example not feeling sheltered at home or suffering from loneliness. This study showed a high prevalence of psychological distress in occupational physicians. To prevent the occurrence of mental disorders among Occupational Physicians, it is urgent to put in place policies of psychological support and well-being preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone De Sio
- R.U. of Occupational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ekaterina Lapteva
- R.U. of Occupational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perri
- R.U. of Occupational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Corbosiero
- R.U. of Occupational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Cedrone
- Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Öztürk Eyimaya A, Tezel A. Evaluating Occupational Stress Levels of the Railway Workers. Florence Nightingale Hemsire Derg 2021; 29:40-55. [PMID: 34263222 PMCID: PMC8137727 DOI: 10.5152/fnjn.2021.19082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the levels of stress that are experienced by railway workers. METHOD This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the facilities of Turkish State Railways. The study sample included 322 male workers. The study data were collected between February and April 2015. A personal information form and the Doetinchem Organizational Stress Questionnaire were used to collect data. RESULTS It was determined that the employees are influenced by all sub-dimensions of the groups of stressors, social changes, psychological tensions, and complaints about health, and they have a medium level of stress. The study found that the workers were mostly influenced by their responsibilities and occupational uncertainty in future. CONCLUSION Descriptive characteristics of the workers and work-related and occupational characteristics showed statistically significant difference in mean scores of the subscales of stressors, social variables, psychological variables, and health complaints. In future, defining stress-related factors by determining the stress levels of employees will guide the initiatives intended to reduce work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayfer Tezel
- Department of Nursing, Ankara University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Brønholt RLL, Hansen MB, Islamoska S, Christensen U, Grynderup MB, Nabe-Nielsen K. Physical and psychosocial work factors as explanations for social inequalities in self-rated health. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:335-346. [PMID: 32975659 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the contribution of physical and psychosocial work factors to social inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) in a sample of Danish 40 and 50 years old occupationally active women and men. METHODS In this longitudinal study, the study population consisted of 3338 Danish women and men. Data were collected by postal questionnaires in 2000 (baseline) and 2006 (follow-up). The independent variable, socioeconomic position (SEP), was assessed by the highest achieved educational level at baseline. We conducted gender-stratified parallel multiple mediation analyses. In the mediation analyses, SEP was categorised as SEP I, II, III, VI and V among men. Among women, SEP was dichotomised into SEP I-IV and V. The outcome, SRH, was assessed at baseline and follow-up. A wide range of physical and psychosocial work factors were included as potential mediators. RESULTS We found a social gradient in SRH across all levels of SEP among men. Among women, we only found a poorer SRH among those with the lowest SEP. Mediation analyses showed that work factors together accounted for 56% of the social inequalities in SRH among men and 44% among women. In both genders, ergonomic exposures and job insecurity seemed to play the major role for social inequalities in SRH. For women only, we also found noise to contribute to the social inequalities in SRH. CONCLUSION Physical and psychosocial work factors partially explained social inequalities in SRH among both genders. Improvement of the working environment can potentially contribute to the reduction of social inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matilde Bøgelund Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Well-Being and Satisfaction of Nurses in Slovenian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Zdr Varst 2020; 59:180-188. [PMID: 32952719 PMCID: PMC7478091 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Well-being is one of the most important factors in whether nurses decide to remain in the nursing profession. This study aims to examine well-being and satisfaction among nurses working in Slovenian hospitals and to identify the related demographic factors. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study uses standardised instruments. The sample included 640 nurses working in Slovenian hospitals. The difference between individual variables were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Nurses self-assessed their satisfaction and well-being as moderate. Forty-seven per cent of nurses were satisfied with their job, 49% assessed their psychological well-being as good, 52% were often exposed to stress at the workplace and 30% were always exposed to stress at the workplace. Levels of job satisfaction (p=0.031), psychological well-being (p=0.029) and subjective well-being (p=0.014) were found to differ significantly according to level of education, while levels of job satisfaction (p=0.005), life satisfaction (p<0.001), psychological well-being (p<0.001) and subjective well-being (p<0.001) were also found to differ according to years of nursing service and from hospital to hospital (p<0.001). Conclusions The key finding of the study is that nurses are moderately satisfied with their work and life and that they display moderate levels of psychological and subjective well-being. Hospitals can be successful and achieve the goals of the organisation if their employees are satisfied with work and enjoy good levels of well-being. Hospital management have to recognise the importance of ensuring that nurses and other employees are satisfied and healthy.
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Protano C, De Sio S, Cammalleri V, Pocino RN, Murano S, Perri R, Buomprisco G, De Giusti M, Vitali M. A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout among a Sample of Pharmacists Employed in Pharmacies in Central Italy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8590430. [PMID: 31950056 PMCID: PMC6944955 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8590430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is defined as an occupational phenomenon linked to chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed and included among the factors influencing health status or contact with health services. Although several studies were performed for assessing this phenomenon, there is a lack of data on the prevalence of burnout and associated predictors, due to different definitions of the syndrome and heterogeneity of assessment methods. One of the well-known evidences on burnout is related to the highest risk professions, which include policemen, firemen, teachers, psychologists, medical students, nurses, physicians, and other health professionals, such as pharmacists. Objective. The aims of the present study were to (1) assess the occurrence of burnout syndrome among a sample of pharmacists employed in public and private pharmacies located in Rome province (Latium Region; central Italy); (2) evaluate the role of some potential predictors for the development of the syndrome. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire elaborated ad hoc was administered online to 2,000 members of the Association of Professional Pharmacists of Rome and its province and employed in public or private pharmacies. The questionnaire included the 14-item Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) tool and questions on demographic characteristics and working conditions. Results. Physical exhaustion was the burnout dimension with the highest score; besides, approximately 11% of the studied pharmacists were categorized as having clinically relevant burnout levels (≥4.40). Several of the investigated variables significantly influenced the single burnout dimensions at the univariate analyses; multivariate analyses demonstrated that alcohol consumption and workplace location have a significant independent role on the overall SMBM index, while working time significantly influences clinically relevant burnout level. Conclusions. The results revealed that pharmacists are at risk of burnout, and thus, it is necessary to perform specific preventive intervention for managing this occupational threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone De Sio
- Specialty School of Occupational Medicine—Research Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Noemi Pocino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Murano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perri
- Specialty School of Occupational Medicine—Research Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buomprisco
- Specialty School of Occupational Medicine—Research Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Giusti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Camargo SF, Almino RHSC, Diógenes MP, Oliveira Neto JPD, Silva IDSD, Medeiros LCD, Dantas KGR, Camargo JDDAS. Quality of working life from the perspective of different groups of professionals working in a maternity hospital. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 26:1467-1476. [PMID: 33886774 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021264.02122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between people and work has a direct impact on quality of life and health. The objective of this article is to compare perceived levels of Quality of Working Life (QWL) across three different groups of professionals. Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 172 hospital workers (37.9±10.3 years; 73.8% women). Participants filled out the Quality of Working Life Assessment Inventory (QWL-AI). The data was analyzed using Anova and Tukey's test. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in 36.4% of the items assessing work conditions, 35.7% of the items assessing professional growth and recognition (p<0.05), 12.5% of the items assessing socioprofessional workplace relationships, 11.1% of the items assessing work organization, and 10% of the items assessing link between work and social life. Overall, 21.7% of the items showed significant differences between groups. We found significant differences in perceived QWL between the different groups, suggesting that QWL interventions should be tailored to the address the specific needs and demands of different sectors and departments to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio Ferreira Camargo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria 601, Ribeira. 59012-570 Natal RN Brasil. .,Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco. Natal RN Brasil
| | - Romanniny Hévillyn Silva Costa Almino
- Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco. Natal RN Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, UFRN. Natal RN Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Kaio Graco Roque Dantas
- Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco. Natal RN Brasil
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Alcohol use disorder and health-related quality of life in Korean night-shift workers: A cross-sectional study using the KNHANES 2007-2015 data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214593. [PMID: 30933996 PMCID: PMC6443159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of night-shift work, and the association of night-shift work with alcohol use disorders(AUDs), as well as with health-related quality of life(HRQL), in Korean adult workers. A total of 26,895 adult workers aged 20–59 years were included in the analysis. AUDs were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test(AUDIT), and HRQL was measured by the EuroQol-5D questionnaire with five main dimensions. We found an interaction effect between gender and working status on AUDs (p = 0.0065), suggesting that women are more fragile than men in terms of the effects of night work but not regarding HRQL (p = 0.1729). Female night workers had higher risk of AUDs than female day workers (odds ratio(OR): 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–3.38) but this effect was not noted in male night workers (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.69–1.37). Lower HRQL was found in depression dimension for night workers compared to day workers (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00–1.89), whereas day-night regular shift workers were protected from depression. Risk of AUDs and lower HRQL were identified in female night workers but not in male night workers. This association suggests that women are more fragile than men in terms of the effects of night work.
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The Perception of Psychosocial Risks and Work-Related Stress in Relation to Job Insecurity and Gender Differences: A Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7649085. [PMID: 30662914 PMCID: PMC6313986 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7649085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The perception of psychosocial risks exposes workers to develop work-related stress. Recently the attention of scientific research has focused on a psychosocial risk already identified as “job insecurity” that regards the “overall concern about the continued existence of the job in the future” and that also depends on worker's perception, different for each gender. Aim of the Study The aim of this cross sectional study is to show if job insecurity, in the form of temporary contracts, can influence the perception of psychosocial risks and therefore increase worker's vulnerability to work-related stress and how the magnitude of this effect differs between genders. Materials and Methods 338 administrative technical workers (113 males and 225 females) were administered a questionnaire, enquiring contract typology (permanent or temporary contracts), and the Health Safety Executive questionnaire to assess work-related stress. The Health Safety Executive Analysis Tool software was used to process collected questionnaires and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences obtained. Results Workers with temporary contracts obtained lower scores than workers with permanent contracts in all the domains explored by the Health Safety Executive Analysis questionnaire, statistically significant (P<0,05). The female workers obtained lower scores than male workers in all domains explored by the Health Safety Executive questionnaire. Conclusions Authors conclude that perception of psychosocial risks can be influenced by job insecurity, in the form of temporary contracts, and increases worker's vulnerability to work-related stress and differs between genders.
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