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Lehel J, Vöröskői P, Palkovics A, Szabó C, Darnay L, Budai P, Laczay P, Lányi K. Farm to table: Residues of different pesticides in tomato and tomato juice - Food safety aspects. Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:236-244. [PMID: 36129792 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During plant cultivation, the pesticides can get into the tissue of vegetables due to crop protection processes, and thus into the food chain. Therefore, they constitute a potential risk to the consumer's health. Depletion of pesticides [spirotetramat (Movento), azoxystrobin and difenoconazole (Amistar Top)] was monitored by testing tomatoes treated individually or simultaneously and tomato juices prepared from the treated tomatoes. The investigations aimed to reveal any kinetic interaction between the compounds tested and changes in their elimination, and thus to assess their compliance with the official Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). The co-presence of pesticides prolonged the elimination of the individual compounds which reached significantly higher residue levels (P < 0.0001) in tomato, especially difenoconazole (45%) and azoxystrobin (50%) on day 8 after treatment that can cause food safety issues to the human consumers. However, the concentrations of pesticides applied alone or simultaneously were found to be below the corresponding MRL values after the withdrawal period in all investigated tomato and tomato juice samples. Accordingly, the investigated pesticides can be safely used simultaneously, their concentrations are in compliance with the legal regulations and thus their concomitant presence does not pose any risk to the consumers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Lehel
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- 2 National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Vöröskői
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Palkovics
- 3 Faculty of Horticulture and Rural Development, John von Neumann University, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- 3 Faculty of Horticulture and Rural Development, John von Neumann University, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Lívia Darnay
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Budai
- 4 Institute of Plant Protection, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Péter Laczay
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lányi
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Wang W, Sheng K, Liu F, Li Y, Peng Q, Guo Y. Novel eco-friendly ionic liquids to solubilize seven hydrophobic pesticides. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang XP, Jing TF, Zhang DX, Luo J, Li BX, Liu F. Assessment of ethylene glycol diacetate as an alternative carrier for use in agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate formulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:349-355. [PMID: 30059879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The conventional emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation contains a large amount of aromatic solvents, which causes adverse effects to both the environment and human health due to the toxicity of the solvents. Here, we developed a 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin EC formulation with ethylene glycol diacetate (EGDA) as the solvent, and the developed formulation serves as an environmental-friendly alternative to overcome the adverse effects of aromatic solvents. The physicochemical characterizations, wettability properties, phytotoxicity and bioassays of the EGDA-EC formulation were systematically investigated and compared with that of the EC formulation with xylene as the solvent. The results showed that both EC formulations had excellent emulsion properties and storage stabilities. Additionally, the EGDA-EC formulation possessed a higher flash point (96 °C), indicating safer production, storage and transport. The retentions of the EGDA-EC sample on leaves were 1.22-1.46-fold higher than that of the xylene-EC sample, and the EGDA-EC also exhibited lower surface tensions and contact angles, which would benefit decreasing drift-off and improving utilization. Furthermore, the bioassays demonstrated that the EGDA-EC formulation had lower acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and higher control efficacy to target insects compared with the xylene-EC formulation. Therefore, EGDA is a promising carrier for oil-soluble agrochemicals to improve their application performance and reduce their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Tong-Fang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Da-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Bei-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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