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Pan C, Li Q, Xiong S, Yang Y, Yang Y, Huang C, Wang ZP. Delivery Strategies, Structural Modification, and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Honokiol: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202302032. [PMID: 38308434 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Honokiol (HK) is a traditional Chinese herbal bioactive compound that originates mainly from the Magnolia species, traditionally used to treat anxiety and stroke, as well as alleviation of flu symptoms. This natural product and its derivatives displayed diverse biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities. However, its poor bioavailability and pharmacological activity require primary consideration in the development of HK-based drugs. Recent innovative HK formulations based on the nanotechnology approach allowed for improvement in both bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Chemical derivation and drug combination are also effective strategies to ameliorate the drawbacks of HK. In recent years, studies on HK derivatives and compositions have made great progress in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, bacterial infection, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases, demonstrating better activity than HK. The objective of this review is an examination of the recent developments in the field of pharmacological activity of HK and its drug-related issues, and approaches to improve its physicochemical and biological properties, including solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Recent patents and the ongoing clinical trials in HK are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Chongqing Energy College, No. 2 Fuxing Avenue, Shuangfu New District, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
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Zheng J, Li S, He J, Liu H, Huang Y, Jiang X, Zhao X, Li J, Feng B, Che L, Fang Z, Xu S, Lin Y, Hua L, Zhuo Y, Wu D. A Gestational Pectin Diet Could Improve the Health of Multiparous Sows by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Cytokine Level during Late Pregnancy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1559. [PMID: 38891606 PMCID: PMC11171106 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the dietary fiber pectin on the gut microbiota and health of parturient sows. A total of 30 parity 5-7, multiparous gestation sows (Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups after mating: Con (control, basic diet) and Pec (pectin, 3%). The sows received the two diets during gestation, and all sows were fed the same standard basic diet during lactation. The results of β-diversity showed that the composition of the gut microbiota was different in the Con and Pec groups. Compared with the sows in the Con group, the Pec sows showed a higher abundance of the gut bacteria Clostridium and Romboutsia and a lower abundance of harmful bacteria (Micrococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Dorea, Actinomyces). On the other hand, the SCFA plasma concentration was increased in the Pec group, while pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) concentrations were decreased. In conclusion, the soluble dietary fiber pectin could improve the reproductive performance and health of sows by increasing the abundance of some commensal bacteria enhancing the metabolite SCFA levels and reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingyan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xilun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Jin G, Lei D, Liu Y. Insights into the impact of modification methods on the structural characteristics and health functions of pectin: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129851. [PMID: 38307429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Pectin is a complex polysaccharide that is widely present in plant cells and has multiple physiological functions. However, most pectin exists in the form of protopectin, which has a large molecular weight and cannot be fully absorbed and utilized in the human gut to exert its effects. The significant differences in the structure of different sources of pectin also limited their application in the food and medical fields. In order to achieve greater development and utilization of pectin functions, this paper reviewed several commonly used methods for pectin modification from physical, chemical, and biological perspectives, and elaborated on the relationship between these modification methods and the structure and functional properties of pectin. At the same time, the functional characteristics of modified pectin and its application in medical health, such as regulating intestinal health, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and drug transport, were reviewed, so as to provide a theoretical basis for targeted modification of pectin and the development of new modified pectin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxuan Jin
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dengwen Lei
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Concato-Lopes VM, Silva TF, Detoni MB, Cruz EMS, Gonçalves MD, da Silva Bortoleti BT, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Carloto ACM, Madureira MB, Rodrigues ACJ, Schirmann JG, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Dekker RFH, Conchon-Costa I, Panis C, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Miranda-Sapla MM, Mantovani MS, Pavanelli WR. 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethoxybiphenyl-4,4'diol triggers oxidative stress, metabolic changes, and apoptosis-like process by reducing the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in the NCI-H460 lung cancer cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115979. [PMID: 38061138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women worldwide. Current treatments have limited efficacy, cause significant side effects, and cells can develop drug resistance. New therapeutic strategies are needed to discover alternative anticancer agents with high efficacy and low-toxicity. TMBP, a biphenyl obtained by laccase-biotransformation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, possesses antitumor activity against A549 adenocarcinoma cells. Without causing damage to sheep erythrocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. In addition to being classified as a good oral drug according to in-silico studies. This study evaluated the in-vitro cytotoxic effect of TMBP on lung-cancer cell-line NCI-H460 and reports mechanisms on immunomodulation and cell death. TMBP treatment (12.5-200 μM) inhibited cell proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 h. After 24-h treatment, TMBP at IC50 (154 μM) induced various morphological and ultrastructural changes in NCI-H460, reduced migration and immunofluorescence staining of N-cadherin and β-catenin, induced increased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide with reduced superoxide radical-anion, increased superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione reductase. Treatment also caused metabolic stress, reduced glucose-uptake, intracellular lactate dehydrogenase and lactate levels, mitochondrial depolarization, increased lipid droplets, and autophagic vacuoles. TMBP induced cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, death by apoptosis, increased caspase-3/7, and reduced STAT-3 immunofluorescence staining. The anticancer effect was accompanied by decreasing PI3K, AKT, ARG-1, and NF-κB levels, and increasing iNOS. These results suggest its potential as a candidate for use in future lung anticancer drug design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Marcia Concato-Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Barbosa Detoni
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Manoela Daiele Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemical, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Madureira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Jacob Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jéseka Gabriela Schirmann
- Laboratory Research of Bioactive Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Laboratory Research of Bioactive Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Federal Technological University of Paraná, Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Campus Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrao, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wander R Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Borgonetti V, Galeotti N. Honokiol-Rich Magnolia officinalis Bark Extract Attenuates Trauma-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1518. [PMID: 37627513 PMCID: PMC10451803 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) affects about 8% of the general population. Current analgesic therapies have limited efficacy, making NP one of the most difficult to treat pain conditions. Evidence indicates that excessive oxidative stress can contribute to the onset of chronic NP and several natural antioxidant compounds have shown promising efficacy in NP models. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the pain-relieving activity of honokiol (HNK)-rich standardized extract of Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson bark (MOE), well known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. The molecular mechanisms and efficacy toward neuroinflammation were investigated in spinal cord samples from SNI mice and LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. MOE and HNK showed antioxidant activity. MOE (30 mg/kg p.o.) produced an antiallodynic effect in SNI mice in the absence of locomotor impairment, reduced spinal p-p38, p-JNK1, iNOS, p-p65, IL-1ß, and Nrf2 overexpression, increased IL-10 and MBP levels and attenuated the Notch signaling pathway by reducing Jagged1 and NEXT. These effects were prevented by the CB1 antagonist AM251. HNK reduced the proinflammatory response of LPS-stimulated BV2 and reduced Jagged1 overexpression. MOE and HNK, by modulating oxidative and proinflammatory responses, might represent interesting candidates for NP management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Dobrek L, Głowacka K. Depression and Its Phytopharmacotherapy-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054772. [PMID: 36902200 PMCID: PMC10003400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental health disorder that develops as a result of complex psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances. This disease presents with mood disturbances, persistent sadness, loss of interest and impaired cognition, which causes distress to the patient and significantly affects the ability to function and have a satisfying family, social and professional life. Depression requires comprehensive management, including pharmacological treatment. Because pharmacotherapy of depression is a long-term process associated with the risk of numerous adverse drug effects, much attention is paid to alternative therapy methods, including phytopharmacotherapy, especially in treating mild or moderate depression. Preclinical studies and previous clinical studies confirm the antidepressant activity of active compounds in plants, such as St. John's wort, saffron crocus, lemon balm and lavender, or less known in European ethnopharmacology, roseroot, ginkgo, Korean ginseng, borage, brahmi, mimosa tree and magnolia bark. The active compounds in these plants exert antidepressive effects in similar mechanisms to those found in synthetic antidepressants. The description of phytopharmacodynamics includes inhibiting monoamine reuptake and monoamine oxidase activity and complex, agonistic or antagonistic effects on multiple central nervous system (CNS) receptors. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the anti-inflammatory effect is also important to the antidepressant activity of the plants mentioned above in light of the hypothesis that immunological disorders of the CNS are a significant pathogenetic factor of depression. This narrative review results from a traditional, non-systematic literature review. It briefly discusses the pathophysiology, symptomatology and treatment of depression, with a particular focus on the role of phytopharmacology in its treatment. It provides the mechanisms of action revealed in experimental studies of active ingredients isolated from herbal antidepressants and presents the results of selected clinical studies confirming their antidepressant effectiveness.
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Zhou X, Münch G, Wohlmuth H, Afzal S, Kao MH(T, Al-Khazaleh A, Low M, Leach D, Li CG. Synergistic Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Pathways by Ginger and Turmeric Extracts in RAW 264.7 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818166. [PMID: 35662723 PMCID: PMC9160922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergy plays a prominent role in herbal medicines to increase potency and widen the therapeutic windows. The mechanism of synergy in herbal medicines is often associated with multi-targeted behavior and complex signaling pathways which are challenging to elucidate. This study aims to investigate the synergistic mechanism of a combination (GT) of ginger (G) and turmeric (T) extracts by exploring the modulatory activity in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammatory pathways and key molecular targets. A Bioplex ProTM mouse cytokine 23-plex assay was utilized to assess the broad anti-cytokine activity of GT in LPS and interferon (IFN)-ɣ (both at 50 ng/mL)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effects of individual and combined G and T on major proinflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 were tested using Griess reagents and ELISA assays, respectively. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot were used to investigate the modulatory effect of GT on key proteins in the LPS/TLR4 signaling transduction. The regulation of murine microRNA miR-155-5p was tested using real-time PCR. The IC50 value and combination index (CI) values were used to demonstrate potency and synergistic interaction, respectively. GT synergistically attenuated a range of pro-inflammatory mediators including inducible NO, major cytokines (TNF and IL-6) and secondary inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF and MCP-1). GT significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB p65 translocation, the activation of TLR4, TRAF6, and phosphorylation of JNK and c-JUN. Moreover, the suppressive effect of GT on each of the protein targets in this axis was stronger than that of the individual components. Real-time PCR analysis showed that GT suppressed miR-155-5p to a greater extent than G or T alone in LPS-stimulated cells. Our study demonstrates the synergistic mechanism of GT in downregulating LPS-induced proinflammatory pathways at the miRNA and protein levels. Our results establish a scientific basis for the combined application of G and T as an advanced therapeutic candidate in inflammatory diseases with broad and synergistic anti-inflammatory activity and multi-targeted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans Wohlmuth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Integria Healthcare, Eight Mile Plains, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sualiha Afzal
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming-Hui (Tim) Kao
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmad Al-Khazaleh
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell Low
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David Leach
- Integria Healthcare, Eight Mile Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Sundaram TS, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Pistl J, Bhide M, Baldi A. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes on intestinal barrier integrity and immunity in animals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35399093 PMCID: PMC8996583 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry is prone to challenge by feedborne antigens, pathogens, and other stress factors in the farm environment. Excessive physiological inflammation and oxidative stress that arises firstly disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier followed by other components of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present review, the interrelationship between intestinal barrier inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease was described. Further, the role of naturally existing immunomodulatory nutrients such as the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes in preventing intestinal barrier inflammation was discussed. Based on the existing evidence, the possible molecular mechanism of these bioactive nutrients in the intestinal barrier was outlined for application in animal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy.
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
| | - Juraj Pistl
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
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Zeimaran E, Pourshahrestani S, Fathi A, Razak NABA, Kadri NA, Sheikhi A, Baino F. Advances in bioactive glass-containing injectable hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:1-36. [PMID: 34562661 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful tissue regeneration requires a scaffold with tailorable biodegradability, tissue-like mechanical properties, structural similarity to extracellular matrix (ECM), relevant bioactivity, and cytocompatibility. In recent years, injectable hydrogels have spurred increasing attention in translational medicine as a result of their tunable physicochemical properties in response to the surrounding environment. Furthermore, they have the potential to be implanted via minimally invasive procedures while enabling deep penetration, which is considered a feasible alternative to traditional open surgical procedures. However, polymeric hydrogels may lack sufficient stability and bioactivity in physiological environments. Composite hydrogels containing bioactive glass (BG) particulates, synergistically combining the advantages of their constituents, have emerged as multifunctional biomaterials with tailored mechanical properties and biological functionalities. This review paper highlights the recent advances in injectable composite hydrogel systems based on biodegradable polymers and BGs. The influence of BG particle geometry, composition, and concentration on gel formation, rheological and mechanical behavior as well as hydration and biodegradation of injectable hydrogels have been discussed. The applications of these composite hydrogels in tissue engineering are additionally described, with particular attention to bone and skin. Finally, the prospects and current challenges in the development of desirable injectable bioactive hydrogels for tissue regeneration are discussed to outline a roadmap for future research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Developing a biomaterial that can be readily available for surgery, implantable via minimally invasive procedures, and be able to effectively stimulate tissue regeneration is one of the grand challenges in modern biomedicine. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of injectable bioactive glass-polymer composite hydrogels to address several challenges in bone and soft tissue repair. The current limitations and the latest evolutions of these composite biomaterials are critically examined, and the roles of design parameters, such as composition, concentration, and size of the bioactive phase, and polymer-glass interactions on the rheological, mechanical, biological, and overall functional performance of hydrogels are detailed. Existing results and new horizons are discussed to provide a state-of-the-art review that may be useful for both experienced and early-stage researchers in the biomaterials community.
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Potential Roles of Modified Pectin Targeting Galectin-3 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. J 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/j4040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified pectin (MP) is a bioactive complex polysaccharide that is broken down into smaller fragments of units and used as an oral dietary supplement for cell proliferation. MP is safe and non-toxic with promising therapeutic properties with regard to targeting galectin-3 (GAL-3) toward the prevention and inhibition of viral infections through the modulation of the immune response and anti-inflammatory cytokine effects. This effect of MP as a GAL-3 antagonism, which has shown benefits in preclinical and clinical models, may be of relevance to the progression of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. The outbreak of emerging infectious diseases continues to pose a threat to human health. Further to the circulation of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, an effective and alternative therapeutic approach to combat it has become pertinent. The use of MP as a GAL-3 inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent blocking against the SARS-CoV-2-binding spike protein. This review highlights the potential effects of MP in viral infections, its proposed role as a GAL-3 inhibitor, and the associated function concerning a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Hu M, Peng X, Zhao Y, Yu X, Cheng C, Yu X. Dialdehyde pectin-crosslinked and hirudin-loaded decellularized porcine pericardium with improved matrix stability, enhanced anti-calcification and anticoagulant for bioprosthetic heart valves. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7617-7635. [PMID: 34671797 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To conveniently and effectively cure heart valve diseases or defects, combined with transcatheter valve technology, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) originated from the decellularized porcine pericardium (D-PP) have been broadly used in clinics. Unfortunately, most clinically available BHVs crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) were challenged in their long-term tolerance, degenerative structural changes, and even failure, owing to the synergistic impact of multitudinous elements (cytotoxicity, calcification, immune responses, etc.). In this work, dialdehyde pectin (AP) was prepared by oxidizing the o-dihydroxy of pectin with sodium periodate. Hereafter, the AP-fixed PP model was obtained by crosslinking D-PP with AP with high aldehyde content (6.85 mmol g-1), for acquiring excellent mechanical properties and outstanding biocompatibility. To further improve the hemocompatibility of the AP-fixed PP, a natural and specific inhibitor of thrombin (hirudin) was introduced to achieve surface modification of the AP-fixed PP. The feasibility of crosslinking and functionalizing AP-fixed PP, which was a potential leaflet material of BHVs, was exhaustively and systematically evaluated. In vitro studies found that hirudin-loaded and AP-fixed PP (AP + Hirudin-PP) had synchronously achieved effective fixation of collagen, highly effective anticoagulation, and good HUVECs-cytocompatibility. In vivo results revealed that the AP + Hirudin-PP specimens recruited the minimum immune cells in the implantation experiment, and also presented an excellent anti-calcification effect. Overall, AP + Hirudin-PP was endowed with competitive collagen stability (compared with GA-fixed PP), excellent hemocompatibility, good HUVECs-cytocompatibility, low immunogenicity and outstanding anti-calcification, suggesting that AP + Hirudin-PP might be a promising alternative to GA-fixed PP and exhibited a bright prospect in the clinical applications of BHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Xu Peng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China. .,Experimental and Research Animal Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Can Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Xixun Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
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Evaluating the radioprotective effect of single dose and daily oral consumption of green tea, grape seed, and coffee bean extracts against gamma irradiation. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109781. [PMID: 34048991 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the radio-protective effect of green tea, grape seed, and coffee bean extracts in different oral consumption methods in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental-quantitative study 150 mice in 15 equally sized groups were used. For each extract, two groups received 200 mg/kg of herbal extracts' combination for 7 and 30 consecutive days before irradiation, and one group received 800 mg/kg of the extract 2 h before irradiation (3 Gy gamma-rays of Co-60). The similar groups were classified to receive a combination of the plant extracts (green tea, grape seed, and coffee bean). Irradiation without consuming plant extract (irradiated group), and a control group were also devised. Alkaline comet and micronucleus assays were used to investigate the radioprotective effect on mice blood and bone marrow cells, respectively. RESULTS Consumption of all plant extracts significantly decreased the radiation damage to blood and bone marrow cells, compared to the irradiated group (p < 0.01), with grape seed extract showing higher protective effect. Continuous daily oral consumption (one week/month) showed a significant higher radioprotective effect compared to single consumption (p < 0.05). Continuous consumption of the combination of the extracts showed a higher radio-protection in comparison to each of the plant extracts (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The radioprotective effect of continuous consumption (for one week/month) of the plant extracts was greater than single dose. In continuous consumption protocols, we found the synergetic property and higher radioprotective effect of the plant extract combination compared to each one.
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Xiong B, Zhang W, Wu Z, Liu R, Yang C, Hui A, Huang X, Xian Z. Okra pectin relieves inflammatory response and protects damaged intestinal barrier in caerulein-induced acute pancreatic model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:863-870. [PMID: 33433910 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protecting the intestinal mucosa from being destroyed helps reduce the inflammation caused by acute pancreatitis (AP). In this study, whether okra pectin (OP) could attenuate the inflammation of AP through protecting the intestinal barrier was investigated. RESULTS OP was obtained from crude okra pectin (COP) through the purification by DEAE cellulose 52 column. Supplementation with OP or COP in advance reduced the severity of AP, as revealed by lower serum amylase and lipase levels, abated pancreatic edema, attenuated myeloperoxidase activity and pancreas histology. OP or COP inhibited the production of pancreatic proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. In addition, the upregulation of AP-related proteins including ZO-1, occludin, the antibacterial peptide-defensin-1 (DEFB1) and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), as well as the histological examination of colon injuries, demonstrated that OP or COP provision could effectively maintain intestinal barrier function. Ultimately, dietary OP or COP supplementation could inhibit AP-induced intestinal inflammation. For the above, the effect of OP was better than COP. CONCLUSION Dietary OP supplementation could be considered as a preventive method that effectively interferes with intestinal damage and attenuates inflammatory responses trigged by AP. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chengying Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Recent developments of gallic acid derivatives and their hybrids in medicinal chemistry: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Cao J, Yang J, Yue K, Wang Z. Preparation of modified citrus pectin (MCP) using an advanced oxidation process with hydroxyl radicals generated by UV-H2O2. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Fully physically crosslinked pectin-based hydrogel with high stretchability and toughness for biomedical application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:707-716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Chou P, Chang W, Liu F, Lan S, Sheu M, Chen J. Honokiol, an active compound of Magnolia officinalis, is involved in restoring normal baroreflex sensitivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1093-1103. [PMID: 32148818 PMCID: PMC7020318 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of methanol extract Magnolia officinalis (MEMO) on baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits and the involved molecular mechanisms. Male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into Control (normal diet), Cholesterol (0.5% w/w cholesterol diet), and Magnolia groups (0.5% w/w cholesterol diet plus 1% w/w MEMO). The animals were treated with the designated diet for 4 or 8 weeks. BRS in the control of heart rate was assessed by linear regression method. After 8 weeks of treatments, plasma total cholesterol (TC) was significantly elevated in the Cholesterol/Magnolia groups. The arterial blood pressure (aBP) was increased in the Cholesterol and Magnolia groups. The depression of BRS observed in the Cholesterol group was significantly ameliorated in the Magnolia group. After L-NAME (Nω-nitro-Larginine methyl ester, 20 mg/kg, iv), the BRS of the Cholesterol group was significantly improved. Results from our in vitro study further indicated that honokiol, the principle component of MEMO, would protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H2O2-induced damages and inhibit H2O2-induced vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) proliferation, which was evident by the decreased expression of pFAK, and p-Erk1/2. The results of the present study suggested that the improvement of BRS by MEMO in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits might be mediated by the antioxidant property of MEMO as indicated by the results from the L-NAME and in vitro honokiol studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Yu Chou
- Department of NursingHung Kuang UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
- Sports Recreation and Health Management Continuing Studies ‐ Bachelor's Degree Completion ProgramTung Hai UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Weng‐Cheng Chang
- Department of OtolaryngologyTaichung Tzu Chi HospitalTanzi DistrictTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Fon‐Chang Liu
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Shou‐Jen Lan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Jyh Sheu
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Jwo‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Sports MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
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Subedi L, Lee SE, Madiha S, Gaire BP, Jin M, Yumnam S, Kim SY. Phytochemicals against TNFα-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030764. [PMID: 31991572 PMCID: PMC7037901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine responsible for the modulation of the immune system. TNF-α plays a critical role in almost every type of inflammatory disorder, including central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Although TNF-α is a well-studied component of inflammatory responses, its functioning in diverse cell types is still unclear. TNF-α functions through its two main receptors: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), also known as p55 and p75, respectively. Normally, the functions of soluble TNF-α-induced TNFR1 activation are reported to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. While TNF-α mediated TNFR2 activation has a dual role. Several synthetic drugs used as inhibitors of TNF-α for diverse inflammatory diseases possess serious adverse effects, which make patients and researchers turn their focus toward natural medicines, phytochemicals in particular. Phytochemicals targeting TNF-α can significantly improve disease conditions involving TNF-α with fewer side effects. Here, we reviewed known TNF-α inhibitors, as well as lately studied phytochemicals, with a role in inhibiting TNF-α itself, and TNF-α-mediated signaling in inflammatory diseases focusing mainly on CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
| | - Si Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
| | - Syeda Madiha
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan;
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
| | - Mirim Jin
- College of Medicine and Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University #155, Gaebeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4931 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.); Fax: +82-32-820-4932 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4931 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.); Fax: +82-32-820-4932 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.)
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Mallard B, Leach DN, Wohlmuth H, Tiralongo J. Synergistic immuno-modulatory activity in human macrophages of a medicinal mushroom formulation consisting of Reishi, Shiitake and Maitake. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224740. [PMID: 31697749 PMCID: PMC6837746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A key characteristic of mushroom polysaccharides that elicit an immunomodulatory response is that they are rich in β-glucans and low in α-glucans. In this study we analysed nine commercially available preparations from three mushroom species, Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and Maitake (Grifola frondosa), for β- and α-glucan content. Based on β- and α-glucan content we selected three extracts to combine into a formula and evaluated the ability of the individual extracts and formula to impact on the expression of cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in human macrophages with and without LPS stimulation. The majority of mushroom extracts and the formula were found to be highly potent immuno-stimulators possessing EC50 values lower than 100 μg/mL. Interestingly the mushroom formula had lower EC50 values in TNF-α expression from LPS stimulated macrophages compared to the individual extracts, suggesting a potential synergistic effect of the mushroom formula. A response additivity graph and curve-shift analysis illustrated that indeed the mushroom formula exhibited an immuno-stimulatory synergistic effect on the expression of the majority of cytokines evaluated in both LPS stimulated and non-stimulated human macrophages, with IL-10 having an antagonistic response. This study represents the first report of a synergistic immuno-modulatory response in human macrophages elicited from a mushroom formula rationally derived from β- and α-glucan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brody Mallard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David N. Leach
- Integria Healthcare, Eight Mile Plains, Queensland, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hans Wohlmuth
- Integria Healthcare, Eight Mile Plains, Queensland, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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21
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Eliaz I, Raz A. Pleiotropic Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112619. [PMID: 31683865 PMCID: PMC6893732 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) has a low-molecular-weight degree of esterification to allow absorption from the small intestinal epithelium into the circulation. MCP produces pleiotropic effects, including but not limited to its antagonism of galectin-3, which have shown benefit in preclinical and clinical models. Regarding cancer, MCP modulates several rate-limiting steps of the metastatic cascade. MCP can also affect cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Regarding fibrotic diseases, MCP modulates many of the steps involved in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. MCP also reduces fibrosis to the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. Other benefits of MCP include detoxification and improved immune function. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Eliaz
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, 398 Tesconi Ct, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA.
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Polyphenols associated to pectic polysaccharides account for most of the antiproliferative and antioxidant activities in olive extracts. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Lee J, Choi HS, Lee J, Park J, Kim SB, Shin MS, Lee S, Hwang GS, Koo BA, Kang KS. Preparation of Herbal Formulation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on In Vitro Screening and In Vivo Evaluation in a Mouse Model of Experimental Colitis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030464. [PMID: 30696085 PMCID: PMC6384830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants have been used traditionally in East Asia for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 350 extracts (175 water extracts and 175 ethanol extracts) from 71 single plants, 97 mixtures of two plants, and seven formulations based on traditional medicine, to find herbal formulations to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the in vitro screening, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were determined in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and the TNF-α induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion assay was used for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect against IBD of the samples selected from the in vitro screening. KM1608, composed of Zingiber officinale, Terminalia chebula and Aucklandia lappa, was prepared based on the screening experiments. The oral administration of KM1608 significantly attenuated the severity of colitis symptoms, such as weight loss, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding, in TNBS-induced colitis. In addition, inflammatory mediators, such as myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels decreased in the lysate of colon tissues treated with KM1608. Collectively, KM1608 ameliorated colitis through the regulation of inflammatory responses within the colon, which indicated that KM1608 had potential for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Han-Seok Choi
- New Drug Research Team, Kolmar, Korea Co. Ltd., Sandan-gil, Jeonui-myeon, Sejong-si 30003, Korea.
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Jimin Park
- New Drug Research Team, Kolmar, Korea Co. Ltd., Sandan-gil, Jeonui-myeon, Sejong-si 30003, Korea.
| | - Sang-Back Kim
- New Drug Research Team, Kolmar, Korea Co. Ltd., Sandan-gil, Jeonui-myeon, Sejong-si 30003, Korea.
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Sullim Lee
- College of Bio-Nanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Bon Am Koo
- New Drug Research Team, Kolmar, Korea Co. Ltd., Sandan-gil, Jeonui-myeon, Sejong-si 30003, Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
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Minzanova ST, Mironov VF, Arkhipova DM, Khabibullina AV, Mironova LG, Zakirova YM, Milyukov VA. Biological Activity and Pharmacological Application of Pectic Polysaccharides: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1407. [PMID: 30961332 PMCID: PMC6401843 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a polymer with a core of alternating α-1,4-linked d-galacturonic acid and α-1,2-l-rhamnose units, as well as a variety of neutral sugars such as arabinose, galactose, and lesser amounts of other sugars. Currently, native pectins have been compared to modified ones due to the development of natural medicines and health products. In this review, the results of a study of the bioactivity of pectic polysaccharides, including its various pharmacological applications, such as its immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities, have been summarized. The potential of pectins to contribute to the enhancement of drug delivery systems has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima T Minzanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Daria M Arkhipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Anna V Khabibullina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Lubov G Mironova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Yulia M Zakirova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan University, KFU, Kazan 420008, Russia.
| | - Vasili A Milyukov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
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Ferreira-Lazarte A, Kachrimanidou V, Villamiel M, Rastall RA, Moreno FJ. In vitro fermentation properties of pectins and enzymatic-modified pectins obtained from different renewable bioresources. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:482-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Dunaway S, Odin R, Zhou L, Ji L, Zhang Y, Kadekaro AL. Natural Antioxidants: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin From Solar Radiation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:392. [PMID: 29740318 PMCID: PMC5928335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in a dramatic increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The sudden increase in ROS shifts the natural balance toward a pro-oxidative state, resulting in oxidative stress. The detrimental effects of oxidative stress occur through multiple mechanisms that involve alterations to proteins and lipids, induction of inflammation, immunosuppression, DNA damage, and activation of signaling pathways that affect gene transcription, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. All of these alterations promote carcinogenesis and therefore, regulation of ROS levels is critical to the maintenance of normal skin homeostasis. Several botanical products have been found to exhibit potent antioxidant capacity and the ability to counteract UV-induced insults to the skin. These natural products exert their beneficial effects through multiple pathways, including some known to be negatively affected by solar UVR. Aging of the skin is also accelerated by UVR exposure, in particular UVA rays that penetrate deep into the epidermis and the dermis where it causes the degradation of collagen and elastin fibers via oxidative stress and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because natural compounds are capable of attenuating some of the UV-induced aging effects in the skin, increased attention has been generated in the area of cosmetic sciences. The focus of this review is to cover the most prominent phytoproducts with potential to mitigate the deleterious effects of solar UVR and suitability for use in topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Dunaway
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rachel Odin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Linli Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Liyuan Ji
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ana L Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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In Silico and In Vitro Study of the Bromelain-Phytochemical Complex Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 (Pla2). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010073. [PMID: 29351216 PMCID: PMC6017101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is an enzyme that induces inflammation, making Pla2 activity an effective approach to reduce inflammation. Therefore, investigating natural compounds for this Pla2 inhibitory activity has important therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential in bromelain-phytochemical complex inhibitors via a combination of in silico and in vitro methods. Bromelain-amenthoflavone displays antagonistic effects on Pla2. Bromelian-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin displayed synergistic effects at high concentrations of the combined compounds, with inhibition percentages of more than 70% and 90%, respectively, and antagonistic effects at low concentrations. The synergistic effect of the bromelain-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin combinations represents a new application in treating inflammation. These findings not only provide significant quantitative data, but also provide an insight on valuable implications for the combined use of bromelain with asiaticoside and diosgenin in treating inflammation, and may help researchers develop more natural bioactive compounds in daily foods as anti-inflammatory agent.
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