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Yang Y, Chen W, Lin Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Xia X. Panax notoginseng saponins prevent dementia and oxidative stress in brains of SAMP8 mice by enhancing mitophagy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:144. [PMID: 38575939 PMCID: PMC10993618 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the distinctive features of neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intraneuronal autophagosomes selectively phagocytose and degrade the damaged mitochondria, mitigating neuronal damage in AD. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can effectively reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in the brain of animals with AD, but their exact mechanism of action is unknown. METHODS Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice with age-related AD were treated with PNS for 8 weeks. The effects of PNS on learning and memory abilities, cerebral oxidative stress status, and hippocampus ultrastructure of mice were observed. Moreover, changes of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin, which regulates ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy, and the recruit of downstream autophagy receptors were investigated. RESULTS PNS attenuated cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8 mice in the Morris water maze test. PNS also enhanced glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and increased glutathione levels by 25.92% and 45.55% while inhibiting 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by 27.74% and the malondialdehyde production by 34.02% in the brains of SAMP8 mice. Our observation revealed the promotion of mitophagy, which was accompanied by an increase in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA and 70.00% increase of LC3-II/I protein ratio in the brain tissues of PNS-treated mice. PNS treatment increased Parkin mRNA and protein expression by 62.80% and 43.80%, while increasing the mRNA transcription and protein expression of mitophagic receptors such as optineurin, and nuclear dot protein 52. CONCLUSION PNS enhanced the PINK1/Parkin pathway and facilitated mitophagy in the hippocampus, thereby preventing cerebral oxidative stress in SAMP8 mice. This may be a mechanism contributing to the cognition-improvement effect of PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zhenmei Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yijing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xing Xia
- Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Cui D, Chen Y, Ye B, Guo W, Wang D, He J. Natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155101. [PMID: 37778246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most common diseases in older adults worldwide. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and are accompanied by cerebral cortical atrophy, neuronal loss, protein accumulation, and excessive accumulation of metal ions. Natural products exhibit outstanding performance in improving cerebral circulatory disorders, promoting cerebral haematoma absorption, repairing damaged nerve tissue, and improving damaged nerve function. In recent years, studies have shown that neuroinflammatory mechanisms and signalling pathways closely related to the occurrence and development of neurological diseases include microglial activation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, reactive oxygen pathway, nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and intestinal flora. Therefore, this study considered the mechanism of neurological diseases as the starting point to review the mechanism of action of natural products in the prevention and treatment of AD and PD in recent years to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment. AIM Natural products are a promising source of novel lead structures that have long been used to treat various nervous system diseases. METHODOLOGY This review collected literature on neurological diseases and natural products from 2012 to 2022, which were mainly searched through databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Google Scholar, and Baidu Academic. The following keywords were searched: neurological disorders, natural products, signalling pathway, mechanism of action. RESULTS This review summarises the pathogenesis of degenerative neurological diseases, recent findings on natural products used in neurodegenerative diseases, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Cui
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850002, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HSC 4N71, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Pashapour S, Saberivand A, Khaki AA, Saberivand M. Effect of saponin on spermatogenesis and testicular structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:601-606. [PMID: 38169545 PMCID: PMC10758008 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1986019.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
About a third of human infertility is related to male factors. Of these, idiopathic-related infertility is not curable. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting male impotence and fertility by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Saponin, a glycosidic compound found in many plants, improves sperm parameters. The present study investigated the effect of saponin on sperm oxidative stress and testicular structure in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetes was induced by the administration of 150 mg kg-1 STZ via a single intra-peritoneal injection. All experimental mice were allocated to the following groups: Control group, diabetic control group, diabetic group administrated 100 mg kg-1 saponin daily and one healthy group administrated saponin daily for 56 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum levels of insulin, glucose and oxidative stress markers were measured. A histological evaluation of testicles was performed. Treatment of diabetic mice with saponin ameliorated testicular tissue damage as well as serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, in the diabetic group, the serum concentration of malondialdehyde was increased; while, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was reduced. The mean Johnsen's score and the diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules were lower in the diabetic mice than control ones. However, these parameters were higher in the saponin-treated mice than controls. Overall, saponin administration rectified all examined parameters. The anti-oxidant role of saponin improves sperm parameters and diabetes-induced testicular oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadigheh Pashapour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Adel Saberivand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Maryam Saberivand
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Smoday IM, Krezic I, Kalogjera L, Vukovic V, Zizek H, Skoro M, Kovac KK, Vranes H, Barisic I, Sikiric S, Strbe S, Tepes M, Oroz K, Zubcic S, Stupnisek M, Beketic Oreskovic L, Kavelj I, Novosel L, Prenc M, Barsic Ostojic S, Dobric I, Sever M, Blagaic AB, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, Sjekavica I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy for Inferior Caval Vein Embolization: Recovery of Sodium Laurate-Post-Embolization Syndrome in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1507. [PMID: 37895979 PMCID: PMC10610251 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After inferior caval vein embolization therapy, post-embolization syndrome (sodium laurate 10 mg/kg, 0.1 mL into rat inferior caval vein, assessment at 15, 30, 60 min, prime lung lesions, thromboemboli occluding lung vessels), as a severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, might be resolved as a whole by stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy. At 5 min after laurate injection, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was implemented as therapy (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg intraperitoneally or intragastrically). As before, confronted with the occlusion of major vessel(s) or similar noxious procedures, such as rapidly acting Virchow triad circumstances, the particular effect of the therapy (i.e., collateral pathways activation, "bypassing vascular key", i.e., direct blood flow delivery via activation of azygos vein) assisted in the recovery of the vessel/s and counteracted multiorgan failure due to occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome as a whole in the laurate-injected rats. Along with prime lung lesions and thromboemboli occluding lung vessels, post-embolization syndrome rapidly occurred peripherally and centrally as a shared multiorgan and vessel failure, brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract lesions, venous hypertension (intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval), aortal hypotension, progressing thrombosis in veins and arteries and stasis, congested and/or failed major veins, and severe ECG disturbances. Whatever the cause, these were all counteracted, eliminated, or attenuated by the application of BPC 157 therapy. As recovery with BPC 157 therapy commonly and rapidly occurred, reversing the collapsed azygos vein to the rescuing collateral pathway might initiate rapid direct blood delivery and start blood flow reorganization. In conclusion, we suggest BPC 157 therapy to resolve further vascular and embolization injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Marija Skoro
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Katarina Kasnik Kovac
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Mirjana Stupnisek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Matea Prenc
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Sanja Barsic Ostojic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
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Olufunmilayo EO, Holsinger RMD. Roles of Non-Coding RNA in Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12498. [PMID: 37569871 PMCID: PMC10420049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is accompanied by deficits in memory and cognitive functions. The disease is pathologically characterised by the accumulation and aggregation of an extracellular peptide referred to as amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular aggregation of a hyperphosphorelated protein tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that cause neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The search for pathomechanisms leading to disease onset and progression has identified many key players that include genetic, epigenetic, behavioural, and environmental factors, which lend support to the fact that this is a multi-faceted disease where failure in various systems contributes to disease onset and progression. Although the vast majority of individuals present with the sporadic (non-genetic) form of the disease, dysfunctions in numerous protein-coding and non-coding genes have been implicated in mechanisms contributing to the disease. Recent studies have provided strong evidence for the association of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with AD. In this review, we highlight the current findings on changes observed in circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in AD. Variations in these ncRNAs could potentially serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We also discuss the results of studies that have targeted these ncRNAs in cellular and animal models of AD with a view for translating these findings into therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O. Olufunmilayo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Kalogjera L, Krezic I, Smoday IM, Vranes H, Zizek H, Yago H, Oroz K, Vukovic V, Kavelj I, Novosel L, Zubcic S, Barisic I, Beketic Oreskovic L, Strbe S, Sever M, Sjekavica I, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy effect. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4289-4316. [PMID: 37545637 PMCID: PMC10401663 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using rat stomach perforation as a prototypic direct lesion applied in cytoprotection research, we focused on the first demonstration of the severe occlusion/ occlusion-like syndrome induced by stomach perforation. The revealed stomach-induced occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome corresponds to the previously described occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes in rats suffering multicausal pathology and shared severe vascular and multiorgan failure. This general point was particularly reviewed. As in all the described occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes with permanent occlusion of major vessels, peripheral and central, and other similar noxious procedures that severely affect endothelium function, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was resolving therapy.
AIM To reveal the stomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and BPC 157 therapy effect.
METHODS The procedure included deeply anesthetized rats, complete calvariectomy, laparotomy at 15 min thereafter, and stomach perforation to rapidly induce vascular and multiorgan failure occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. At 5 min post-perforation time, rats received therapy [BPC 157 (10 µg or 10 ng/kg) or saline (5 mL/kg, 1 mL/rat) (controls)] into the perforated defect in the stomach). Sacrifice was at 15 min or 60 min post-perforation time. Assessment (gross and microscopy; volume) included: Brain swelling, peripheral vessels (azygos vein, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, inferior caval vein) and heart, other organs lesions (i.e., stomach, defect closing or widening); superior sagittal sinus, and peripherally the portal vein, inferior caval vein, and abdominal aorta blood pressures and clots; electrocardiograms; and bleeding time from the perforation(s).
RESULTS BPC 157 beneficial effects accord with those noted before in the healing of the perforated defect (raised vessel presentation; less bleeding, defect contraction) and occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes counteraction. BPC 157 therapy (into the perforated defect), induced immediate shrinking and contraction of the whole stomach (unlike considerable enlargement by saline application). Accordingly, BPC 157 therapy induced direct blood delivery via the azygos vein, and attenuated/eliminated the intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension. Thrombosis, peripherally (inferior caval vein, portal vein, abdominal aorta) and centrally (superior sagittal sinus) BPC 157 therapy markedly reduced/annihilated. Severe lesions in the brain (swelling, hemorrhage), heart (congestion and arrhythmias), lung (hemorrhage and congestion), and marked congestion in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract were markedly reduced.
CONCLUSION We revealed stomach perforation as a severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, peripherally and centrally, and rapid counteraction by BPC 157 therapy. Thereby, further BPC 157 therapy may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Haidi Yago
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Premuzic Mestrovic I, Smoday IM, Kalogjera L, Krezic I, Zizek H, Vranes H, Vukovic V, Oroz K, Skorak I, Brizic I, Hriberski K, Novosel L, Kavelj I, Barisic I, Beketic Oreskovic L, Zubcic S, Strbe S, Mestrovic T, Pavic P, Staresinic M, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Antiarrhythmic Sotalol, Occlusion/Occlusion-like Syndrome in Rats, and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:977. [PMID: 37513889 PMCID: PMC10383471 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We focused on the first demonstration that antiarrhythmics, particularly class II and class III antiarrhythmic and beta-blocker sotalol can induce severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in rats. In this syndrome, as in similar syndromes with permanent occlusion of major vessels, peripheral and central, and other similar noxious procedures that severely disable endothelium function, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157-collateral pathways activation, was a resolving therapy. After a high dose of sotalol (80 mg/kg intragastrically) in 180 min study, there were cause-consequence lesions in the brain (swelling, intracerebral hemorrhage), congestion in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, severe bradycardia, and intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension, and widespread thrombosis, peripherally and centrally. Major vessels failed (congested inferior caval and superior mesenteric vein, collapsed azygos vein). BPC 157 therapy (10 µg, 10 ng/kg given intragastrically at 5 min or 90 min sotalol-time) effectively counteracted sotalol-occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. In particular, eliminated were heart dilatation, and myocardial congestion affecting coronary veins and arteries, as well as myocardial vessels; eliminated were portal and caval hypertension, lung parenchyma congestion, venous and arterial thrombosis, attenuated aortal hypotension, and centrally, attenuated intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, brain lesions and pronounced intracerebral hemorrhage. Further, BPC 157 eliminated and/or markedly attenuated liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract congestion and major veins congestion. Therefore, azygos vein activation and direct blood delivery were essential for particular BPC 157 effects. Thus, preventing such and similar events, and responding adequately when that event is at risk, strongly advocates for further BPC 157 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Skorak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Brizic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaudija Hriberski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Pavic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Strbe S, Smoday IM, Krezic I, Kalogjera L, Vukovic V, Zizek H, Gojkovic S, Vranes H, Barisic I, Sikiric S, Tepes M, Oroz K, Brkic F, Drinkovic M, Beketic Oreskovic L, Popic J, Boban Blagaic A, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Innate Vascular Failure by Application of Neuroleptics, Amphetamine, and Domperidone Rapidly Induced Severe Occlusion/Occlusion-like Syndromes in Rats and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:788. [PMID: 37375736 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Even before behavioral disturbances, neuroleptics, amphetamine, and domperidone application rapidly emerged severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, shared innate vascular and multiorgan failure in rats, comparable to occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome described with vessel(s) occlusion or similar noxious procedures application. As therapy, i.e., activation of the collateral pathways, "bypassing key" (activated azygos vein pathway, direct blood flow delivery), the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is a novel solution. Recently, BPC 157 therapy particularly counteracted neuroleptic- or L-NAME-induced catalepsy, lithium intoxication, and schizophrenia positive and negative symptoms (amphetamine/methamphetamine/apomorphine/ketamine). In rats with complete calvariectomy, medication (BPC 157 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg ip or ig) was given 5 min after distinctive dopamine agents (mg/kg ip) (haloperidol (5), fluphenazine (5), clozapine (10), risperidone (5), olanzapine (10), quetiapine (10), or aripiprazole (10), domperidone (25), amphetamine (10), and combined amphetamine and haloperidol) and assessed at 15 min thereafter. All neuroleptic-, domperidone-, and amphetamine-induced comparable vascular and multiorgan failure severe syndrome was alleviated with BPC 157 therapy as before major vessel(s) occlusion or other similar noxious procedures. Specifically, all severe lesions in the brain (i.e., immediate swelling, hemorrhage), heart (i.e., congestion, arrhythmias), and lung (i.e., congestion, hemorrhage), as well as congestion in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal (stomach) tract, were resolved. Intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension were attenuated or eliminated. BPC 157 therapy almost annihilated arterial and venous thrombosis, peripherally and centrally. Thus, rapidly acting Virchow triad circumstances that occur as dopamine central/peripheral antagonists and agonist essential class-points, fully reversed by BPC 157 therapy, might be overwhelming for both neuroleptics and amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Brkic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Drinkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jelena Popic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Vascular Dementia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113531. [PMID: 36362316 PMCID: PMC9653761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a serious global health issue and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at higher risk. Palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) exhibits neuroprotective properties; however, its effect on VaD is not reported. Hence, we evaluated TRF effectiveness in T2DM-induced VaD rats. Rats were given a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA) to develop T2DM. Seven days later, diabetic rats were given TRF doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg orally for 21 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed for memory assessment. Biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, plasma homocysteine (HCY) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, and histopathological changes in brain hippocampus and immunohistochemistry for platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) expression were evaluated. VaD rats had significantly reduced memory, higher plasma HCY, increased AChE activity, and decreased GSH and SOD levels. However, treatment with TRF significantly attenuated the biochemical parameters and prevented memory loss. Moreover, histopathological changes were attenuated and there was increased PDGF-C expression in the hippocampus of VaD rats treated with TRF, indicating neuroprotective action. In conclusion, this research paves the way for future studies and benefits in understanding the potential effects of TRF in VaD rats.
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The mechanism of ferroptosis regulating oxidative stress in ischemic stroke and the regulation mechanism of natural pharmacological active components. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113611. [PMID: 36081288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke, pose serious medical challenges worldwide due to their high morbidity and mortality and limitations in clinical treatment strategies. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, excitotoxicity, and programmed cell death of each neurovascular unit during post-stroke hypoxia and reperfusion play an important role in the pathological cascade. Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by iron-regulated accumulation of lipid peroxidation, is caused by abnormal metabolism of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and iron, and can accelerate acute central nervous system injury. Recent studies have gradually uncovered the pathological process of ferroptosis in the neurovascular unit of acute stroke. Some drugs such as iron chelators, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) can protect nerves after neurovascular unit injury in acute stroke by inhibiting ferroptosis. In addition, combined with our previous studies on ferroptosis mediated by natural compounds in ischemic stroke, this review summarized the progress in the regulation mechanism of natural chemical components and herbal chemical components on ferroptosis in recent years, in order to provide reference information for future research on ferroptosis and lead compounds for the development of ferroptosis inhibitors.
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D’Anca M, Buccellato FR, Fenoglio C, Galimberti D. Circular RNAs: Emblematic Players of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084134. [PMID: 35456950 PMCID: PMC9032451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fascinating landscape of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) are peeping out as a new promising and appreciated class of molecules with great potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. They come from circularization of single-stranded RNA molecules covalently closed and generated through alternative mRNA splicing. Dismissed for many years, similar to aberrant splicing by-products, nowadays, their role has been regained. They are able to regulate the expression of linear mRNA transcripts at different levels acting as miRNA sponges, interacting with ribonucleoproteins or exerting a control on gene expression. On the other hand, being extremely conserved across phyla and stable, cell and tissue specific, mostly abundant than the linear RNAs, it is not surprising that they should have critical biological functions. Curiously, circRNAs are particularly expressed in brain and they build up during aging and age-related diseases. These extraordinary peculiarities make circRNAs potentially suitable as promising molecular biomarkers, especially of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to explore new evidence on circRNAs, emphasizing their role in aging and pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's diseases with a look toward their potential usefulness in biomarker searching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D’Anca
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca R. Buccellato
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Exploring the Mechanism of Panax notoginseng Saponins against Alzheimer's Disease by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:5730812. [PMID: 35003304 PMCID: PMC8739172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5730812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been used for neurodegenerative disorders such as cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidences show the neuron protective effects of PNS, the vital compounds and their functional targets remain elusive. To explore the potential functional ingredients of PNS for the AD treatment and their molecular mechanisms, an in vitro neuron injured model induced by Aβ was investigated, and the potential mechanism was predicted by network pharmacology approach and validated by molecular biology methods. Methods Network pharmacology approach was used to reveal the relationship between ingredient-target disease and function-pathway of PNS on the treatment of AD. The active ingredients of PNS were collected from TCMSP, PubChem database, and literature mining in PubMed database. DrugBank and GeneCards database were used to predict potential targets for AD. The STRING database was performed to reveal enrichment of these target proteins, protein-protein interactions, and related pathways. Networks were visualized by utilizing Cytoscape software. The enrichment analysis was performed by the DAVID database. Finally, neuroprotective effect and predictive mechanism of PNS were investigated in an in vitro AD model established by Aβ25–35-treated PC12 cells. Results An ingredient-target disease and function-pathway network demonstrated that 38 active ingredients were derived from PNS modulated 364 common targets shared by PNS and AD. GO and KEGG analysis, further clustering analysis, showed that mTOR signaling targets were associated with the neuroprotective effects of PNS. In Aβ-treated PC12 cells, PNS treatment improved neuroprotective effect, including mTOR inhibition and autophagy activation. Conclusions Collectively, the protective effects of PNS on AD-neuron injury are related to the inhibition of mTOR and autophagy activation.
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The Study of Steaming Durations and Temperatures on the Chemical Characterization, Neuroprotective, and Antioxidant Activities of Panax notoginseng. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3698518. [PMID: 35035502 PMCID: PMC8758266 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and has extensive pharmacological effects. Recent studies demonstrated that PN exhibited pharmacological effect related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether steaming process can boost its anti-AD activity is still unexplored. To fill this gap, effects of steaming durations and temperatures on the chemical characterization, neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of PN were systematically investigated in this study. HPLC fingerprint coupled with quantitative analysis demonstrated striking conversion of original saponins to less polar ones with the increase in the steaming time and temperature. In the viewpoint of anti-AD activity on neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, several steamed PN samples (110°C-6/8/10 h, 120°C ‐4/6 h samples) displayed a significant increase both in cell viability and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) values compared with the no steamed one (P < 0.01 or P < 0.005). Steaming temperature had the greater impact on the change of chemical composition and anti-AD activity of PN. Moreover, the spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that the transformed saponins were partially responsible for the increased neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steamed PN. Therefore, steamed PN could be used as a potential crude drug for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) as Key Modulators of ROS Homeostasis: A Crosstalk between Diabesity and Male Infertility? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111746. [PMID: 34829617 PMCID: PMC8614977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are transmembrane proteins members of the mitochondrial anion transporter family present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Currently, six homologs have been identified (UCP1-6) in mammals, with ubiquitous tissue distribution and multiple physiological functions. UCPs are regulators of key events for cellular bioenergetic metabolism, such as membrane potential, metabolic efficiency, and energy dissipation also functioning as pivotal modulators of ROS production and general cellular redox state. UCPs can act as proton channels, leading to proton re-entry the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space and thus collapsing the proton gradient and decreasing the membrane potential. Each homolog exhibits its specific functions, from thermogenesis to regulation of ROS production. The expression and function of UCPs are intimately linked to diabesity, with their dysregulation/dysfunction not only associated to diabesity onset, but also by exacerbating oxidative stress-related damage. Male infertility is one of the most overlooked diabesity-related comorbidities, where high oxidative stress takes a major role. In this review, we discuss in detail the expression and function of the different UCP homologs. In addition, the role of UCPs as key regulators of ROS production and redox homeostasis, as well as their influence on the pathophysiology of diabesity and potential role on diabesity-induced male infertility is debated.
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Cunha A, Gaubert A, Latxague L, Dehay B. PLGA-Based Nanoparticles for Neuroprotective Drug Delivery in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1042. [PMID: 34371733 PMCID: PMC8309027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has become one of the most challenging topics of the last decades due to their prevalence and increasing societal cost. The crucial point of the non-invasive therapeutic strategy for neurological disorder treatment relies on the drugs' passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Indeed, this biological barrier is involved in cerebral vascular homeostasis by its tight junctions, for example. One way to overcome this limit and deliver neuroprotective substances in the brain relies on nanotechnology-based approaches. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are biocompatible, non-toxic, and provide many benefits, including improved drug solubility, protection against enzymatic digestion, increased targeting efficiency, and enhanced cellular internalization. This review will present an overview of the latest findings and advances in the PLGA NP-based approach for neuroprotective drug delivery in the case of neurodegenerative disease treatment (i.e., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral, and Multiple Sclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cunha
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Laurent Latxague
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ao X, Yu W, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chang W. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: From Regulated Mechanism to Therapeutic Targets and Diagnostic Biomarkers. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:654978. [PMID: 34276336 PMCID: PMC8283767 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.654978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD is characterized by the production and aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and subsequent neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, autophagy and oxidative stress. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be used as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers due to their vital regulatory roles in multiple biological processes involved in disease development. The involvement of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of AD has been increasingly recognized. Here, we review the ncRNAs implicated in AD and elaborate on their main regulatory pathways, which might have contributions for discovering novel therapeutic targets and drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School for Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Effect of Micronization on Panax notoginseng: In Vitro Dissolution and In Vivo Bioavailability Evaluations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8831583. [PMID: 33531921 PMCID: PMC7837785 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8831583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) has become the most widely used dietary supplement and herbal in Asian countries. The effect of micronization on PN is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size of Panax notoginseng powder (PNP) and the potential to improve the bioavailability. The results showed that particle size reduction significantly changed the Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The size of the Panax notoginseng powder (PNP) ranges from 60 to 214 μm. The surface morphology and thermal properties of PNP were extensively characterized, and these changes in physicochemical properties of PNP provide a better understanding of the in vitro and in vivo release behaviors of PNS. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the dissolution of PNS and particle size were nonlinear (dose- and size-dependent). The pharmacokinetics parameters of PNP in rats were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Powder 4 (90.38 ± 8.28 μm) showed significantly higher AUC0-T values in plasma (P < 0.05). In addition, we also investigated the influence of the hydrothermal treatment of PNP. The results showed that the PNS in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability of PNP pretreatment at 40°C were the highest. This suggests that PNP with a particle size of around 90 μm and heat pretreatment at 40°C would be beneficial. These results provided an experimental basis, and it was beneficial to choose an appropriate particle size and hydrothermal temperature when PNP was used in clinical treatment.
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Wang Z, He C, Shi JS. Natural Products for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5790-5828. [PMID: 31131744 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190527120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are the common neurodegenerative diseases, which typically occur in people over the age of 60. With the rapid development of an aged society, over 60 million people worldwide are suffering from these uncurable diseases. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic methods has become an increasingly important research topic. Natural products especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are the most important sources of drugs, and have received extensive interest among pharmacist. In this review, in order to facilitate further chemical modification of those useful natural products by pharmacists, we will bring together recent studies in single natural compound from TCMs with neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China
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19
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Qu J, Xu N, Zhang J, Geng X, Zhang R. Panax notoginseng saponins and their applications in nervous system disorders: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1525. [PMID: 33313270 PMCID: PMC7729308 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), also called "sanqi" in Chinese, are the main active ingredients which are extracted from the root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen., and they have been traditionally used as a medicine in China for hundreds of years with magical medicinal value. PNS have varied biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory effects, anti-cancer effects, anti-neurotoxicity, and the prevention of diabetes. Nervous system disorders, a spectrum of diseases originating from the nervous system, have a significant impact on all aspects of patients' lives. Due to the dramatic gains in global life expectancy, the prevalence of nervous system disorders is growing gradually. Even if the mechanism of these diseases is still not clear, they are mainly characterized by neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death. Consequently, it is essential to find measures to slow down or prevent the onset of these diseases. At present, traditional Chinese medicines, as well as their active components, have gained widespread popularity in preventing and treating these diseases because of their merits, especially PNS. In this review, we predominantly address the recent advances in PNS researches and their biological functions, and highlight their applications in nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repairing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Major Disorders-State Key Lab Incubation Base, Beijing Neuroscience Disciplines, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Hu T, Li S, Liang WQ, Li SS, Lu MN, Chen B, Zhang L, Mao R, Ding WH, Gao WW, Chen SW, XiYang YB, Zhang J, Wang XY. Notoginsenoside R1-Induced Neuronal Repair in Models of Alzheimer Disease Is Associated With an Alteration in Neuronal Hyperexcitability, Which Is Regulated by Nav. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:280. [PMID: 33088260 PMCID: PMC7500285 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is characterized by a progressive cognitive deficit and may be associated with an aberrant hyperexcitability of the neuronal network. Notoginsenoside R1 (R1), a major activity ingredient from Panax notoginseng, has demonstrated favorable changes in neuronal plasticity and induced neuroprotective effects in brain injuries, resulting from various disorders, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to explore the possible neuroprotective effects induced by R1 in a mouse model of AD and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Treatment with R1 significantly improved learning and memory functions and redressed neuronal hyperexcitability in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 mice by altering the numbers and/or distribution of the members of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav). Moreover, we determined whether R1 contributed to the regulation of neuronal excitability in Aβ-42–injured cells. Results of our study demonstrated that treatment with R1 rescued Aβ1-42–induced injured neurons by increasing cell viability. R1-induced alleviation in neuronal hyperexcitability might be associated with reduced Navβ2 cleavage, which partially reversed the abnormal distribution of Nav1.1α. These results suggested that R1 played a vital role in the recovery of Aβ1-42–induced neuronal injury and hyperexcitability, which is regulated by Nav proteins. Therefore, R1 may be a promising candidate in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Qi Liang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Basic Medical College, Experimental Teaching Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medicine University, Kunming, China
| | - Wan-Hai Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Bin XiYang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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21
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Wan JZ, Wang R, Zhou ZY, Deng LL, Zhang CC, Liu CQ, Zhao HX, Yuan CF, He YM, Dun YY, Yuan D, Wang T. Saponins of Panax japonicus Confer Neuroprotection against Brain Aging through Mitochondrial Related Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Rats. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:667-680. [PMID: 31840608 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191216114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a vital role in the pathogenesis of brain aging. Saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) have attracted much attention for their potential to attenuate age-related oxidative stress as the main ingredient in rhizomes of Panax japonicus. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SPJ on natural aging rats as well as the underlying mechanisms regarding oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathway. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control groups (3-, 9-, 15- and 24-month old groups) and SPJ-treated groups. For SPJ-treated groups, SPJ were orally administrated to 18-month old rats at doses of 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg once daily. Control groups were given the same volume of saline. After the treatment with SPJ or saline for six months, the cortex and hippocampus were rapidly harvested and deposited at -80°C after the rats were decapitated under anesthesia. The neuroprotective effects of SPJ were estimated by histopathological observation, TUNEL detection, biochemical determination and western blotting. RESULTS SPJ improved pathomorphological changes in neuronal cells and decreased apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus of aging rats, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase whereas, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the cortex of aging rats. Furthermore, the SPJ increased silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1) protein expression, decreased acetylated level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the cortex and hippocampus of aging rats, and reversed the aging-induced decline of Forkhead box O3 (Foxo3a), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3II) and Beclin1 levels in the cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our data showed that SPJ conferred neuroprotection partly through the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondria-related pathways in aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhi Wan
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhou
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Li-Li Deng
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Zhang
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Chao-Qi Liu
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhao
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yu-Min He
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yao-Yan Dun
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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22
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Chen J, Xue R, Li L, Xiao LL, Shangguan J, Zhang W, Bai X, Liu G, Li L. Panax Notoginseng Saponins Protect Cardiac Myocytes Against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Associated Apoptosis Through Mediation of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1013. [PMID: 31616293 PMCID: PMC6764115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to play important roles in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. The ER stress pathway is therefore a promising therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Although Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are one of the patent medicines that are traditionally used to treat cardiovascular disorders, their effects on ER stress in cardiac myocytes remain unexploited so far. This study investigates the effects of PNS on ER stress and its associated cell apoptosis along with the related mechanism in cardiac myocytes. PNS compounds were identified via high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) assay. PNS-pretreated H9c2 cells, HL-1 cells, and primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with thapsigargin (TG) to induce ER stress response and apoptosis. ER stress response was tested by immunofluorescence or immunoblot of the ER protein chaperones—calnexin, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Cell viability was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by immunoblot of Cleaved caspase-3 and flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cytosolic, mitochondrial, and ER calcium dynamics were investigated by calcium imaging. Moreover, a ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) overexpression stable cell line was generated to verify the mechanism of RyR2 involved in PNS in the inhibition of ER stress and cell apoptosis. We demonstrate here that PNS protected cardiac myocytes from ER stress response and associated cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, PNS reduced the elevation of cytosolic calcium, mitochondria calcium, as well as ER calcium in response to either TG or histamine treatment. PNS protection in ER stress was regulated by RyR2 expression. In summary, PNS protection against TG-induced ER stress response and its associated cell apoptosis in cardiac myocytes is calcium dependent. Through the regulation of ER calcium release mediated by RyR2, a novel mechanism for PNS in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is thereby identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li Xiao
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Shangguan
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangqiong Liu
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Huang JL, Qin MC, Zhou Y, Xu ZH, Yang SM, Zhang F, Zhong J, Liang MK, Chen B, Zhang WY, Wu DP, Zhong ZG. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of Alzheimer's disease associated circular RNAs in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:253-265. [PMID: 29448241 PMCID: PMC5842852 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel kind of non-coding RNA, have received increasing attention for their involvement in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, few studies have reported in the characterization and function of AD associated circRNAs. Here the expression profiles of circRNAs in 5- and 10-month-old SAMP8 mice were identified using circRNA microarray and found that 85 dysregulated circRNAs were observed in 10-month-old SAMP8 versus control mice and 231 circRNAs exhibited differential expression in 10-month-old SAMP8 versus 5-month-old SAMP8. One most significantly dysregulated circRNA, mmu_circRNA_017963, was select for Gene Oncology (GO) and pathway analysis. The results showed that mmu_circRNA_017963 was strongly related with autophagosome assembly, exocytosis, apoptotic process, transport and RNA splicing and highly associated with synaptic vesicle cycle, spliceosome, glycosaminoglycan and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport pathways. Collectively, this study was the first to describe circRNAs expression in different ages of SAMP8 and will contribute to the understanding of the regulatory roles of circRNAs in AD pathogenesis and provide a valuable resource for the diagnosis and therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Mei-Chun Qin
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Xu
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Si-Man Yang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Ming-Kun Liang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Deng-Pan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zhong
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
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24
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Wang LY, Tao Z, Zhao HP, Wang RL, Li LZ, Luo YM, Chen ZG. Huoluo Yinao decoction mitigates cognitive impairments after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111846. [PMID: 30954615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huoluo Yinao decoction (HLYND) has been used to ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in clinical for years. However, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects and mechanisms underlying HLYND-mediated improvement in cognitive deficits associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups: sham, model, and HLYND. Daily administration of HLYND or volume-matched vehicle by gavage was initiated 1 day after bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) and continued for 42 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess cognitive functions from days 36-42. Via western blot and immunofluorescent staining, restoration of neuronal plasticity and remyelination of white matter were evaluated by analyzing the expression profiles of MAP-2, synaptophysin and MBP. In addition, macrophage/microglial activation was assessed by quantifying changes in Iba1, and macrophage/microglial polarization was assessed by changes in iNOS and CD16 (M1 markers), as well as Arg1 and CD206 (M2 markers). RESULTS In the MWM test, BCAS rats showed significantly extended escape latency and reduced platform crossing times, while those in the HLYND group had shortened escape latency and increased frequency of platform crossing. In addition, rats in the model group showed decreased levels and abnormal morphological changes of MAP-2, synaptophysin and MBP, whereas HLYND administration reversed these effects. As expected, Iba1 levels were elevated in both the model and HLYND groups but rats in the model group showed increased levels of the M1 markers, iNOS and CD16, and a correspondent decrease in the M2 marker, Arg1. In contrast, in the HLYND group, iNOS and CD16 levels were suppressed, while Arg1 levels were elevated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that HLYND mitigates cognitive impairment after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats through mechanisms involving increased neuronal plasticity and white matter remyelination, with a subtile modulation of macrophage/microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ye Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Liang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Min Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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25
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Zhou L, Huang PP, Chen LL, Wang P. Panax Notoginseng Saponins Ameliorate A β-Mediated Neurotoxicity in C. elegans through Antioxidant Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:7621043. [PMID: 31275419 PMCID: PMC6582912 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7621043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) is the main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is no effective drug to cure the progressive cognitive loss or memory deficits caused by the aggregative toxicity of Aβ protein. Oxidative stress has been hypothesized to play a role in progressive neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) from the rhizome of "pseudo-ginseng" exhibits potent antioxidant effects on aging process in neuron cells and animals. By using C. elegans as an ideal model organism, the present study shows that PNS (0.5-4 mg/mL) can significantly inhibit AD-like symptoms of worm paralysis and enhance resistance to oxidative stress induced by paraquat and aging conditions. Additionally, PNS extends lifespan and maintains healthspan of C. elegans by improving the swimming prowess and fertility at old age. It markedly activates the expression of SKN-1 mRNA, which further supports SKN-1 signaling pathway which is involved in the therapeutic effect of PNS on AD C. elegans. Our results provide direct evidence on PNS for treating AD on gene level and theoretical foundation for reshaping medicinal products of PNS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Pan-Pan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
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26
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Meng L, Lin J, Huang Q, Liang P, Huang J, Jian C, Lin C, Li X. Panax notoginseng Saponins Attenuate Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury in Human SH-SY5Y Cells by Regulating the Expression of Inflammatory Factors through miR-155. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 42:462-467. [PMID: 30587668 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been widely used in China to treat stroke. Accumulating evidence has found that microRNA (miR)-155 plays critical roles in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Here we investigated whether PNS plays a protective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced focal inflammation and injury in SH-SY5Y cells by regulating miR-155 expression. Treatment with PNS at a concentration less than 160 µg/mL had no effect on the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cell. In OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells, 160 µg/mL PNS treatment promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, as well as decreased inhibited apoptosis and miR-155 expression. However, overexpression of miR-155 attenuated the promotion effects of PNS on cell proliferation and cell cycle, apoptosis inhibition in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, 160 µg/mL PNS treatment decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells, whereas overexpression of miR-155 reversed PNS-induced decreases in the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, PNS attenuated OGD/R-induced injury in human undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors through miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
| | - Chongdong Jian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
| | - Chong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
| | - Xuebin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities
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27
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Huang JL, Xu ZH, Yang SM, Yu C, Zhang F, Qin MC, Zhou Y, Zhong ZG, Wu DP. Identification of Differentially Expressed Profiles of Alzheimer's Disease Associated Circular RNAs in a Panax Notoginseng Saponins-Treated Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:523-531. [PMID: 30524667 PMCID: PMC6260282 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in AD pathogenesis. Thus, developing therapeutic candidates targeting circRNA may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Our previous studies showed that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could significantly prohibit the pathological progress of AD. However, the mechanisms by which PNS attenuates AD progression is still unclear. The present study shows that PNS may exhibit an ability to modulate the expression of AD-associated circRNAs. Specifically, PNS treatment leads to five circRNAs upregulation and two circRNAs downregulation, indicating that the therapeutic effect of PNS against AD may be associated with its role in the regulation of circRNA expression. Next, mmu_circRNA_013636 and mmu_circRNA_012180 were selected and GO and KEGG analyses were performed to further investigate the biological functions and potential mechanisms of these circRNAs. The results showed that the selected circRNAs were involved in AD-associated biological process and pathways, suggesting that these circRNAs may participate in AD pathogenesis. Collectively, our study indicates that the therapeutic effects of PNS on AD may be through modulating the expression of AD associated circRNAs and suggests that PNS is a potential circRNA-targeted agent against AD, which may provide useful resources for developing potential candidates targeting circRNAs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Xu
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Si-Man Yang
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Mei-Chun Qin
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zhong
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Deng-Pan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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28
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Shi R, Zhang S, Cheng G, Yang X, Zhao N, Chen C. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Acori Graminei Rhizoma Attenuates Neuron Cell Apoptosis by Promoting the Expression of miR-873-5p in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1529-1538. [PMID: 29926354 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely threatens human health in their old age, however the potential etiology underlying it is still unclear. Both Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) and Acori graminei Rhizoma (AGR) are the traditional Chinese herbal drug, while their potential role in AD remains need further identification. Both SAMP1 and SAMP8 mice were employed as the control and AD mice. Morris water maze method was used to detect the cognitive function of the mice, TUNEL assay was performed to determine cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and western blot were carried out to measure gene expression. The relationship between miR-873-5p and HMOX1 was determined using luciferase reporter assay. Comparing with SAMP1, the cognitive function was impaired and cell apoptosis was increased in SAMP8 mice. GRg1 + AGR treatment significantly attenuated the symptom of AD. The expression of miR-873-5p was decreased, while HMOX1 was increased in SAMP8 mice. GRg1 + AGR treatment significantly promoted the expression of miR-873-5p, but decreased HMOX1. MiR-873-5p targets HMOX1 to regulate its expression. Aβ1-42 stimulation decreased the expression of miR-873-5p, but increased HMOX1 in PC12 cells. GRg1 + AGR treatment reversed the effect of Aβ1-42, while miR-873-5p inhibitor abolished the effect of GRg1 + AGR. In vivo experiments confirmed the protect role of GRg1 + AGR in AD. GRg1 + AGR suppressed neuron cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of miR-873-5p in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sishuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
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29
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Law BYK, Wu AG, Wang MJ, Zhu YZ. Chinese Medicine: A Hope for Neurodegenerative Diseases? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:S151-S160. [PMID: 28671133 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in the proportion of aged population due to the rapid increase of life expectancy, the worldwide prevalence rate of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease has been increased dramatically. The demographic trend toward an older population has drawn the attention to new drug discovery and treatment on age-related diseases. Although a panel of drugs and/or therapies are currently available for treating the neurodegenerative diseases, side effects or insufficient drug efficacy have been reported. With the long history in prescription of Chinese medicine or natural compounds for modulating aged-related diseases, emerging evidence was reported to support the pharmacological role of Chinese medicine in ameliorating the symptoms, or interfering with the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. This review brings evidence about today's trends and development of a list of potential neuroprotective herbal compounds from both the traditional and modern pharmacological point of view. With future projections, the potential hope and implication of using Chinese medicine as an alternative source for novel drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Min Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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30
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Choi JG, Jin YH, Lee H, Oh TW, Yim NH, Cho WK, Ma JY. Protective Effect of Panax notoginseng Root Water Extract against Influenza A Virus Infection by Enhancing Antiviral Interferon-Mediated Immune Responses and Natural Killer Cell Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1542. [PMID: 29181006 PMCID: PMC5693858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza A virus, which causes economic losses and social disruption mainly by increasing hospitalization and mortality rates among the elderly and people with chronic diseases. Influenza vaccines are the most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza, but can be completely ineffective if there is an antigenic mismatch between the seasonal vaccine virus and the virus circulating in the community. In addition, influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs are emerging worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines and antiviral drugs against these viruses. In this study, we conducted in vitro and in vivo analyses of the antiviral effect of Panax notoginseng root (PNR), which is used as an herbal medicine and nutritional supplement in Korea and China. We confirmed that PNR significantly prevented influenza virus infection in a concentration-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. In addition, PNR pretreatment inhibited viral protein (PB1, PB2, HA, NA, M1, PA, M2, and NP) and viral mRNA (NS1, HA, PB2, PA, NP, M1, and M2) expression. PNR pretreatment also increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6] and interferon (IFN)-beta and the phosphorylation of type-I IFN-related proteins (TANK-binding kinase 1, STAT1, and IRF3) in vitro. In mice exposed to the influenza A H1N1 virus, PNR treatment decreased mortality by 90% and prevented weight loss (by approximately 10%) compared with the findings in untreated animals. In addition, splenocytes from PNR-administered mice displayed significantly enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity against YAC-1 cells. Taking these findings together, PNR stimulates an antiviral response in murine macrophages and mice that protects against viral infection, which may be attributable to its ability to stimulate NK cell activity. Further investigations are needed to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PNR and its components against influenza virus A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Hee Jin
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heeeun Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hui Yim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
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31
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Fraction n-Butanol of Radix Notoginseng Protects PC12 Cells from A β25-35-Induced Cytotoxicity and Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and A β Accumulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8469754. [PMID: 29234436 PMCID: PMC5651138 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8469754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicine has been used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment for thousands of years with more effective and fewer side effects. Therefore, developing effective potential candidates from Chinese medicine against AD would be considered as critical and efficient therapy for AD treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the neuronal protective effect of fraction n-butanol (NB) of Radix Notoginseng on Aβ25–35-induced PC12 cells, explore the effect of the tested fraction on spatial learning and memory, and characterize the impacts of fraction NB on antioxidant enzymes, Aβ production, and APP and BACE1 expressions. The results revealed that fraction NB could promote proliferation of PC12 cells and protect and rescue PC12 cells from Aβ25–35-induced cell death. Moreover, fraction NB could improve spatial learning and memory impairments of senescence-accelerated prone8 (SAMP8) mice and attenuate oxidative stress and reduce the production of Aβ by inhibiting the expressions of APP and BACE1 in the brains of SAMP8 mice. The result of single dose acute toxicity assay showed that fraction NB had a mild toxicity in vivo. The pronounced actions against AD and in vivo low toxicity of fraction NB suggest that fraction NB may be a useful alternative to the current AD treatment.
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