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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Chen H, Xing H, Zhong C, Lin X, Chen R, Luo N, Chen L, Huang Y. METTL3 confers protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer disease mouse model by upregulating Mfn2 via N6-methyladenosine modification. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:606-614. [PMID: 38408379 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) has been found to be downregulated in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) but little is known about its roles in the pathogenesis of AD. We explored the mechanism of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of Mfn2 in hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction in an AD mouse model. APP/PS1 transgenic mice underwent stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated viruses and their behaviors were assessed. METTL3 and MFN2 expressions were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot, accompanied by assessment of mitochondrial morphology, ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and amyloid-β content. Binding between METTL3 and MFN2, the total amount of m6A, and the m6A modification of Mfn2 were also determined. METTL3 and MFN2 were downregulated in hippocampal tissues of the AD model mice; METTL3 enhanced MFN2 expression via m6A modification. Overexpression of METTL3 or MFN2 ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction indicated by fewer damaged mitochondria, increased ATP and JC-1 levels, and reduced Aβ content; improved cognitive impairment in the mice was indicated by the novel object discrimination index and Morris water maze tests. Effects of METTL3 overexpression were abrogated by further knockdown of MFN2. Thus, METTL3 ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in the AD model mice by increasing MFN2 expression via m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Huaijie Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Changhui Zhong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Ruipeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yang B, Li Y, Sun X, Li X, Sui P, Wang Y, Tian S, Wang C. Ligustilide-loaded liposome ameliorates mitochondrial impairments and improves cognitive function via the PKA/AKAP1 signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14460. [PMID: 37718506 PMCID: PMC10916432 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and maybe a pivotal point of interaction governing AD pathogenesis; oxidative stress contributes to metabolism imbalance, protein misfolding, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major contributor to oxidative stress. As vital sources of ROS, mitochondria are also the primary targets of ROS attack. Seeking effective avenues to reduce oxidative stress has attracted increasing attention for AD intervention. METHODS We developed liposome-packaged Ligustilide (LIG) and investigated its effects on mitochondrial function and AD-like pathology in the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD, and analyzed possible mechanisms. RESULTS We observed that LIG-loaded liposome (LIG-LPs) treatment reduced oxidative stress and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and mitigated cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. LIG management alleviated the destruction of the inner structure in the hippocampal mitochondria and ameliorated the imbalance between mitochondrial fission and fusion in the APP/PS1 mouse brain. We showed that the decline in cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and A-kinase anchor protein 1 for PKA (AKAP1) was associated with oxidative stress and AD-like pathology. We confirmed that LIG-mediated antioxidant properties and neuroprotection were involved in upregulating the PKA/AKAP1 signaling in APPswe cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Liposome packaging for LIG is relatively biosafe and can overcome the instability of LIG. LIG alleviates mitochondrial dysfunctions and cognitive impairment via the PKA/AKAP1 signaling pathway. Our results provide experimental evidence that LIG-LPs may be a promising agent for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xue‐Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ping Sui
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yi‐Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shu‐Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chun‐Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of MedicineJilin Medical UniversityJilinChina
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Luo JX, Zhu T, Ran Z, Mu BR, Lu MH. Targeting mitophagy for neurological disorders treatment: advances in drugs and non-drug approaches. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3503-3528. [PMID: 37535076 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as a vital energy source for nerve cells. The mitochondrial network also acts as a defense mechanism against external stressors that can threaten the stability of the nervous system. However, excessive accumulation of damaged mitochondria can lead to neuronal death. Mitophagy is an essential pathway in the mitochondrial quality control system and can protect neurons by selectively removing damaged mitochondria. In most neurological disorders, dysfunctional mitochondria are a common feature, and drugs that target mitophagy can improve symptoms. Here, we reviewed the role of mitophagy in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injuries. We also summarized drug and non-drug approaches to promote mitophagy and described their therapeutic role in neurological disorders in order to provide valuable insight into the potential therapeutic agents available for neurological disease treatment. However, most studies on mitophagy regulation are based on preclinical research using cell and animal models, which may not accurately reflect the effects in humans. This poses a challenge to the clinical application of drugs targeting mitophagy. Additionally, these drugs may carry the risk of intolerable side effects and toxicity. Future research should focus on the development of safer and more targeted drugs for mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia-Xin Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ben-Rong Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Mei-Hong Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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He C, Yu W, Yang M, Li Z, Yu J, Zhong D, Deng S, Song Z, Cheng S. Qi Fu Yin ameliorates neuroinflammation through inhibiting RAGE and TLR4/NF-κB pathway in AD model rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13239-13264. [PMID: 38006400 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Qi Fu Yin (QFY) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) both computationally and experimentally. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were conducted to identify potential targets and signaling pathways involved in QFY treating AD. Streptozotocin-induced AD rat model was used to verify important targets and predicted pathways. The components of QFY were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the potential targets of QFY are highly enriched for anti-inflammatory pathways. Molecular docking analysis revealed stable structures formed between QFY's active compounds, including stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and isorhamnetin, and the identified targets. In vivo, QFY improved cognitive memory in AD rats and reduced the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGER), and the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the brains of AD rats. Furthermore, QFY effectively reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibited NF-κB and microglia activation. In conclusion, QFY can ameliorate neuroinflammation in AD model rats, partly via the inhibition of TLR4 and RAGE/NF-κB pathway and microglia activation, thereby enhancing learning and memory in AD model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jingping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
| | - Dayuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Sisi Deng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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Reed AL, Mitchell W, Alexandrescu AT, Alder NN. Interactions of amyloidogenic proteins with mitochondrial protein import machinery in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1263420. [PMID: 38028797 PMCID: PMC10652799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1263420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the organelle by N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTSs, or "presequences") that are recognized by the import machinery and subsequently cleaved to yield the mature protein. MTSs do not have conserved amino acid compositions, but share common physicochemical properties, including the ability to form amphipathic α-helical structures enriched with basic and hydrophobic residues on alternating faces. The lack of strict sequence conservation implies that some polypeptides can be mistargeted to mitochondria, especially under cellular stress. The pathogenic accumulation of proteins within mitochondria is implicated in many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Mechanistically, these diseases may originate in part from mitochondrial interactions with amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) or its cleavage product amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and mutant forms of huntingtin (mHtt), respectively, that are mediated in part through their associations with the mitochondrial protein import machinery. Emerging evidence suggests that these amyloidogenic proteins may present cryptic targeting signals that act as MTS mimetics and can be recognized by mitochondrial import receptors and transported into different mitochondrial compartments. Accumulation of these mistargeted proteins could overwhelm the import machinery and its associated quality control mechanisms, thereby contributing to neurological disease progression. Alternatively, the uptake of amyloidogenic proteins into mitochondria may be part of a protein quality control mechanism for clearance of cytotoxic proteins. Here we review the pathomechanisms of these diseases as they relate to mitochondrial protein import and effects on mitochondrial function, what features of APP/Aβ, α-syn and mHtt make them suitable substrates for the import machinery, and how this information can be leveraged for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrei T. Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Tan HY, Wan C, Wu GL, Qiao LJ, Cai YF, Wang Q, Zhang SJ. Taohong siwu decoction ameliorates cognitive dysfunction through SIRT6/ER stress pathway in Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116580. [PMID: 37142144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A growing number of people suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is currently no effective treatment yet. Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) has been proved to take strong neuropharmacological activity on dementia, but the effect and mechanism of TSD against AD are still elusive. AIM OF STUDY To investigate whether TSD could be effective in ameliorating cognitive deficits through SIRT6/ER stress pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, the APP/PS1 mice, an AD model, and HT-22 cell lines were utilized. Different dosages of TSD (4.25, 8.50 and 17.00 g/kg/d) were administered to the mice for 10 weeks by gavage. Following the behavioral tests, oxidative stress levels were measured using malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) kits. Nissl staining and Western blot analyses were used to detect the neuronal function. Then, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were applied to evaluate silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6) and ER Stress related protein levels in APP/PS1 mice and HT-22 cells. RESULTS Behavioral tests revealed that APP/PS1 mice administered with TSD orally took more time in the target quadrant, crossed more times in the target quadrant, had a higher recognition coefficient, and spent more time in the central region. In addition, TSD could ameliorate oxidative stress and inhibit neuronal apoptosis in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, TSD could up-regulate the SIRT6 protein expression and inhibit ER sensing proteins expressions, such as p-PERK and ATF6, in APP/PS1 mice and Aβ1-42-treated HT22 cells. CONCLUSION According to the abovementioned findings, TSD could alleviate cognitive dysfunction in AD by modulating the SIRT6/ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Liang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang K, Zhang C, Teng X, Wang K, Chen M. Bioinformatics and computational chemistry approaches to explore the mechanism of the anti-depressive effect of ligustilide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5417. [PMID: 37012370 PMCID: PMC10070278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression affects people with multiple adverse outcomes, and the side effects of antidepressants are troubling for depression sufferers. Aromatic drugs have been widely used to relieve symptoms of depression with fewer side effects. Ligustilide (LIG) is the main component of volatile oil in angelica sinensis, exhibiting an excellent anti-depressive effect. However, the mechanisms of the anti-depressive effect of LIG remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms of LIG exerting an anti-depressive effect. We obtained 12,969 depression-related genes and 204 LIG targets by a network pharmacology approach, which were intersected to get 150 LIG anti-depressive targets. Then, we identified core targets by MCODE, including MAPK3, EGF, MAPK14, CCND1, IL6, CASP3, IL2, MYC, TLR4, AKT1, ESR1, TP53, HIF1A, SRC, STAT3, AR, IL1B, and CREBBP. Functional enrichment analysis of core targets showed a significant association with PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed strong affinities of LIG with AKT1, MAPK14, and ESR1. Finally, we validated the interactions between these proteins and LIG by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In conclusion, this study successfully predicted that LIG exerted an anti-depressive effect through multiple targets, including AKT1, MAPK14, and ESR1, and the pathways of PI3K/AKT and MAPK. The study provides a new strategy to explore the molecular mechanisms of LIG in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277#, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoguo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277#, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Teng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277#, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277#, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277#, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Rahmani S, Roohbakhsh A, Karimi G. Inhibition of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by natural compounds as a therapeutic strategy for organ injuries. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106672. [PMID: 36690165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are morphologically dynamic organelles frequently undergoing fission and fusion processes that regulate mitochondrial integrity and bioenergetics. These processes are considered critical for cell survival. The mitochondrial fission process regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. It is associated with apoptosis, while mitochondrial fusion controls the accurate distribution of mitochondrial DNA and metabolic substances across the mitochondria. Excessive mitochondrial fission results in mitochondrial structural changes, dysfunction, and cell damage. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial dynamics affect neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases along with several other diseases. Biological molecules regulating the process of mitochondrial fission are potential targets for developing therapeutic agents. Many natural products target the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission pathway, and their inhibitory effects ameliorate mitochondrial fragmentation. In this article, we reviewed the research literature that describes Drp1-dependent inhibition as a mechanism for the protective effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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10
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Li Z, Cao Y, Pei H, Ma L, Yang Y, Li H. The contribution of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and the potential countermeasure. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158204. [PMID: 36960176 PMCID: PMC10027904 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. There are many studies targeting extracellular deposits of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), however, there are no effective treatments to halt the progression. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) have long been found to be associated with various pathogenesis hypotheses of AD, such as Aβ deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium homeostasis. However, there is a lack of literature summarizing recent advances in the mechanism and treatment studies. Accordingly, this article reviews the latest research involving the roles of MAM structure and tethering proteins in the pathogenesis of AD and summarizes potential strategies targeting MAMs to dissect treatment perspectives for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yang,
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hao Li,
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11
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Amaryllidaceae, Lycopodiaceae Alkaloids and Coumarins—A Comparative Assessment of Safety and Pharmacological Activity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154291. [PMID: 35893381 PMCID: PMC9332316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the safety and pharmacological activity Amaryllidaceae, Lycopodiaceae alkaloids and coumarins obtained from Narcissus triandrus L., Lycopodium clavatum L., Lycopodium annotinum L., Huperzia selago L. and Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. In the in vivo studies. The influence of the tested compounds on the central nervous system of rats was assessed in behavioral tests (locomotor activity, Y-maze, passive avoidance). In order to investigate the mechanisms of action, biochemical determinations were performed (AChE activity, BChE activity, IL-1β, IL-6 concentration). In order to assess safety, the concentrations of AST, ALT, GGT and urea and creatinine were determined. The results of the conducted studies indicate a high safety profile of the tested compounds. Behavioral tests showed that they significantly improved rodent memory in a passive avoidance test. The results of biochemical studies showed that by reducing the activity of AChE and BChE and lowering the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6, the coumarin-rich Angelica dahurica extract shows the most promising potential for future therapeutic AD strategies.
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12
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Nikolaeva NS, Yandulova EY, Aleksandrova YR, Starikov AS, Neganova ME. The Role of a Pathological Interaction between β-amyloid and Mitochondria in the Occurrence and Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:19-34. [PMID: 36348714 PMCID: PMC9611857 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in existence. It is characterized by an impaired cognitive function that is due to a progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques are the main pathological features of the disease. In addition to abnormal protein aggregation, increased mitochondrial fragmentation, altered expression of the genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, disruptions in the ER-mitochondria interaction, and mitophagy are observed. Reactive oxygen species are known to affect Aβ expression and aggregation. In turn, oligomeric and aggregated Aβ cause mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we summarize available knowledge about the pathological effects of Aβ on mitochondria and the potential molecular targets associated with proteinopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction for the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Nikolaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - E. Yu. Yandulova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - Yu. R. Aleksandrova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - A. S. Starikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - M. E. Neganova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
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13
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Stress level of glucocorticoid exacerbates neuronal damage and Aβ production through activating NLRP1 inflammasome in primary cultured hippocampal neurons of APP-PS1 mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108972. [PMID: 35777263 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC), secreted by adrenal cortex, plays important roles in regulating many physiological functions, while chronic stress level of GC exposure has many adverse effects on the structure and function of hippocampal neurons, and is closely implicated to the deterioration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play an important role in the occurrence and development of AD. However, it is still unclear whether chronic GC exposure promotes beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and neuronal injury by increasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic GC exposure on NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation and the protective effects of NLRP1-siRNA against GC-induced neuronal injury in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice. The results showed that chronic dexamethasone (DEX, 1 µM) exposure 72 h had no significant effect on the primary hippocampal neurons of WT mice, but significantly increased Aβ1-42 accumulation (2.17 ± 0.19 fold in APP group and 3.06 ± 0.49 fold in APP + DEX group over WT group) and neuronal injury in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, chronic DEX exposure significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and IL-1β, and significantly up-regulated the expressions of NOX2- and NLRP1-related proteins and mRNAs in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice but not in WT mice. Moreover, inhibition of NLRP1 by NLRP1-siRNA treatment also significantly alleviated neuronal injury and Aβ1-42 accumulation (1.96 ± 0.11 fold in APP + DEX group and 0.25 ± 0.01 fold in APP + NLRP1-siRNA + DEX group over APP group), and down-regulated the expressions of APP, BACE1, NCSTN and p-TAU/TAU in chronic DEX-induced hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice. The results suggest that chronic GC exposure can accelerate neuronal damage and Aβ production by activating oxidative stress and NLRP1 inflammasome in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice, resulting in deterioration of AD.And inhibition of NLRP1 inflammasome may be an important strategy in improving chronic GC-induced neuronal injury.
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14
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Kang N, Luan Y, Jiang Y, Cheng W, Liu Y, Su Z, Liu Y, Tan P. Neuroprotective Effects of Oligosaccharides in Rehmanniae Radix on Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Models for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878631. [PMID: 35784741 PMCID: PMC9247152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehmanniae Radix (RR, the dried tuberous roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC.) is an important traditional Chinese medicine distributed in Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast in China. RR is frequently used to treat diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and aging-related diseases in a class of prescriptions. The oligosaccharides and catalpol in RR have been confirmed to have neuroprotective effects. However, there are few studies on the anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) effect of oligosaccharides in Rehmanniae Radix (ORR). The chemical components and pharmacological effects of dried Rehmannia Radix (DRR) and prepared Rehmannia Radix (PRR) are different because of the different processing methods. ORR has neuroprotective potential, such as improving learning and memory in rats. Therefore, this study aimed to prove the importance of oligosaccharides in DRR (ODRR) and PRR (OPRR) for AD based on the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model and the different roles of ODRR and OPRR in the treatment of AD. In this study, we used paralysis assays, lifespan and stress resistance assays, bacterial growth curve, developmental and behavioral parameters, and ability of learning and memory to explore the effects of ODRR and OPRR on anti-AD and anti-aging. Furthermore, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); deposition of Aβ; and expression of amy-1, sir-2.1, daf-16, sod-3, skn-1, and hsp-16.2 were analyzed to confirm the efficacy of ODRR and OPRR. OPRR was more effective than ODRR in delaying the paralysis, improving learning ability, and prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans. Further mechanism studies showed that the accumulation of ROS, aggregation, and toxicity of Aβ were reduced, suggesting that ORR alleviated Aβ-induced toxicity, in part, through antioxidant activity and Aβ aggregation inhibiting. The expression of amy-1 was downregulated, and sir-2.1, daf-16, sod-3, and hsp-16.2 were upregulated. Thus, ORR could have a possible therapeutic effect on AD by modulating the expression of amy-1, sir-2.1, daf-16, sod-3, and hsp-16.2. Furthermore, ORR promoted the nuclear localization of daf-16 and further increased the expression of sod-3 and hsp-16.2, which significantly contributed to inhibiting the Aβ toxicity and enhancing oxidative stress resistance. In summary, the study provided a new idea for the development of ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Tan
- *Correspondence: Yonggang Liu, ; Peng Tan,
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15
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de la Cueva M, Antequera D, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Wandosell F, Camins A, Carro E, Bartolome F. Amyloid-β impairs mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in Alzheimer's disease experimental models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10092. [PMID: 35710783 PMCID: PMC9203760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most accepted hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid cascade which establishes that Aβ accumulation may induce the disease development. This accumulation may occur years before the clinical symptoms but it has not been elucidated if this accumulation is the cause or the consequence of AD. It is however, clear that Aβ accumulation exerts toxic effects in the cerebral cells. It is important then to investigate all possible associated events that may help to design new therapeutic strategies to defeat or ameliorate the symptoms in AD. Alterations in the mitochondrial physiology have been found in AD but it is not still clear if they could be an early event in the disease progression associated to amyloidosis or other conditions. Using APP/PS1 mice, our results support published evidence and show imbalances in the mitochondrial dynamics in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of these mice representing very early events in the disease progression. We demonstrate in cellular models that these imbalances are consequence of Aβ accumulation that ultimately induce increased mitophagy, a mechanism which selectively removes damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Along with increased mitophagy, we also found that Aβ independently increases autophagy in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction could be an early feature in AD, associated with amyloid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena de la Cueva
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Bartolome
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Peng D, Qiao HZ, Tan HY, Wang YX, Luo D, Qiao LJ, Cai YF, Zhang SJ, Wang Q, Guan L. Ligustilide ameliorates cognitive impairment via AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in vascular dementia rat. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1401-1414. [PMID: 35420377 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Ligustilide (LIG) is one of the main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines, such as Angelica. Studies have reported that LIG could protect against VaD. However, the mechanism is still confused. In this study, we employed a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model to study. LIG (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) and Nimodipine (20 mg/kg) were orally administered to the VaD rats for four weeks. Morris water maze test showed that LIG effectively ameliorated learning and memory impairment in VaD rats. LIG obviously reduced neuronal oxidative stress damage and the level of homocysteine in the brain of VaD rats. Western blot results showed that pro-apoptotic protein Bax and cleaved caspase 3 increased and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased in the hippocampi of VaD rats. But after LIG treatment, these changes were reversed. Moreover, Nissl staining result showed that LIG could reduce neuronal degeneration in VaD rats. Furthermore, LIG enhanced the expressions of P-AMPK and Sirtuin1(SIRT1) in VaD rats. In conclusion, these studies indicated that LIG could ameliorate cognitive impairment in VaD rats, which might be related to AMPK/SIRT1 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Peng
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Zi Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Tan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xue Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Guan
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Shen W, Fan X, Wang L, Zhang Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816333. [PMID: 35237166 PMCID: PMC8883343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) affects more than one-third of stroke patients, and causes much greater harm to long-term function than the initial brain damage. No conventional Western medications have shown convincing clinical effectiveness for treating PSCI. Research shows that Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve cognitive function in patients. However, the clinical efficacy and safety remain controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness and harmful effects of TCMs in the treatment of PSCI. Method: We searched seven databases and two clinical registration websites for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used to evaluate the methodological quality and RevMan 5.4 was used for data analysis. This study has been submitted to PROSPERO with registration number is CRD42020149299. Results: We included 34 studies in this review. The results of this study showed that TCM adjuvant therapy improved scores on the MoCA [MD = 2.55, 95% CI (1.56, 3.53), p < 0.00001; MD = 3.07, 95% CI (1.98, 4.17), p < 0.00001 at treatment duration of <3 and 3 months, respectively], MMSE [MD = 2.55, 95% CI (1.99, 3.10), p < 0.00001; MD = 2.53, 95% CI (1.59, 3.47), p < 0.00001; MD = 2.91, 95% CI (1.26, 4.56), p = 0.0006; MD = 3.11, 95% CI (-0.04, 6.27), p = 0.05 at treatment duration of <3, 3, 4, and 6 months, respectively], and BI [MD = 7.34, 95% CI (3.83, 10.85), p < 0.0001; MD = 8.98, 95% CI (4.76, 13.21), p < 0.0001 at treatment duration of <3 and 3 months, respectively] and reduced scores on the ADL (MD = -8.64, 95% CI (-9.83, -7.45), p < 0.00001; MD = -2.00, 95% CI (-2.94, -1.06), p < 0.0001 at treatment duration of 3 and 4 months, respectively], NIHSS [MD = -2.48, 95% CI (-4.97, 0.00), p = 0.05; MD = -3.81, 95% CI (-6.21, -1.40), p = 0.002 at treatment duration of <3 and 3 months, respectively], and CSS [MD = -2.47, 95% CI (-3.49, -1.45), p < 0.00001 at a treatment duration of 3 months]. No serious adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion: Despite the significant positive results, the present evidence supports, to a limited extent because of the methodological flaws and herbal heterogeneity, that TCM adjuvant therapy can be used for patients with PSCI. While, further rigorous RCTs are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of TCM. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42020149299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueming Fan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liuding Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Li T, Li X, Huang X, Yu H, Li S, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Song X, Liu J, Yang X, Liu G. Mitochondriomics reveals the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of TrkB receptor agonist R13 in the 5×FAD mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 204:108899. [PMID: 34838815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decreased energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis defects are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In present study, mitochondriomics analysis revealed significant effects of R13, a prodrug of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, on mitochondrial protein expression profile, including the proteins related to the biological processes: fatty acid beta-oxidation, fatty acid metabolic process, mitochondrial electron transport, and mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cluster analysis demonstrated that R13 promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The functional analysis showed that R13 increased ATP levels and enhanced OXPHOS including complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. R13 treatment increased mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating the levels of p-AMPKα, p-CREB, PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM as a consequence of activation of TrkB receptor in the 5 × FAD mice. Finally, R13 significantly reduced the levels of tau phosphorylation and Aβ plaque. Our data suggest that R13 may be used for treating AD via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Pathology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Neurology,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Gongping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China.
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19
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A novel sight of the primary active compounds from Umbelliferae: focusing on mitochondria. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Misrani A, Tabassum S, Huo Q, Tabassum S, Jiang J, Ahmed A, Chen X, Zhou J, Zhang J, Liu S, Feng X, Long C, Yang L. Mitochondrial Deficits With Neural and Social Damage in Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:748388. [PMID: 34955809 PMCID: PMC8704997 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.748388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be an early event in the onset and progression of AD; however, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial proteins involved in organelle dynamics, morphology and energy production in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HIPP) of young (1∼2 months), adult (4∼5 months) and aged (9∼10, 12∼18 months) APP/PS1 mice. We observed increased levels of mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1, and decreased levels of ATP synthase subunit, ATP5A, leading to abnormal mitochondrial morphology, increased oxidative stress, glial activation, apoptosis, and altered neuronal morphology as early as 4∼5 months of age in APP/PS1 mice. Electrophysiological recordings revealed abnormal miniature excitatory postsynaptic current in the mPFC together with a minor connectivity change between the mPFC and HIPP, correlating with social deficits. These results suggest that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, which worsen with disease progression, could be a biomarker of early-stage AD. Therapeutic interventions that improve mitochondrial function thus represent a promising approach for slowing the progression or delaying the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Misrani
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Huo
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumaiya Tabassum
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Jiang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adeel Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Feng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Zhang H, Su Y, Sun Z, Chen M, Han Y, Li Y, Dong X, Ding S, Fang Z, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates Aβ deposition by inhibiting NADPH oxidase 2 activation in APP/PS1 mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:665-675. [PMID: 34764721 PMCID: PMC8569324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), an active ingredient in ginseng, may be a potential agent for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the protective effect of Rg1 on neurodegeneration in AD and its mechanism of action are still incompletely understood. Methods Wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 AD mice, from 6 to 9 months old, were used in the experiment. The open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to detect behavioral changes. Neuronal damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were used to examine postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) expression, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, Tau and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NAPDH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression. Results Rg1 treatment for 12 weeks significantly ameliorated cognitive impairments and neuronal damage and decreased the p-Tau level, amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, and Aβ generation in APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, Rg1 treatment significantly decreased the ROS level and NOX2 expression in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions Rg1 alleviates cognitive impairments, neuronal damage, and reduce Aβ deposition by inhibiting NOX2 activation in APP/PS1 mice. Rg1 treatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and neuronal damage in APP/PS1 mice. Rg1 treatment significantly reduced APP expression and Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice. The expression of NOX2 and ROS production were significantly increased in APP/PS1 mice. Rg1 treatment significantly decreased NOX2 expression and ROS accumulation in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenghao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuli Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhirui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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22
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Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Fábrias G, Casas J, Wandosell F. Diets with Higher ω-6/ω-3 Ratios Show Differences in Ceramides and Fatty Acid Levels Accompanied by Increased Amyloid-Beta in the Brains of Male APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010907. [PMID: 34681567 PMCID: PMC8535881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile plaque formation as a consequence of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregation constitutes one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This pathology is characterized by synaptic alterations and cognitive impairment. In order to either prevent or revert it, different therapeutic approaches have been proposed, and some of them are focused on diet modification. Modification of the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids (FA) ratio in diets has been proven to affect Aβ production and senile plaque formation in the hippocampus and cortex of female transgenic (TG) mice. In these diets, linoleic acid is the main contribution of ω-6 FA, whereas alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are the contributors of ω-3 FA. In the present work, we have explored the effect of ω-6/ω-3 ratio modifications in the diets of male double-transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (AD model) and wild-type mice (WT). Amyloid burden in the hippocampus increased in parallel with the increase in dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratio in TG male mice. In addition, there was a modification in the brain lipid profile proportional to the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the diet. In particular, the higher the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, the lower the ceramides and higher the FAs, particularly docosatetraenoic acid. Modifications to the cortex lipid profile was mostly similar between TG and WT mice, except for gangliosides (higher levels in TG mice) and some ceramide species (lower levels in TG mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ordóñez-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Fábrias
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Josefina Casas
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-196-4561
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23
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Brunetti D, Catania A, Viscomi C, Deleidi M, Bindoff LA, Ghezzi D, Zeviani M. Role of PITRM1 in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070833. [PMID: 34356897 PMCID: PMC8301332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer Disease. Increased oxidative stress, defective mitodynamics, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation leading to decreased ATP production, can determine synaptic dysfunction, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, mitochondrial proteostasis and the protease-mediated quality control system, carrying out degradation of potentially toxic peptides and misfolded or damaged proteins inside mitochondria, are emerging as potential pathogenetic mechanisms. The enzyme pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) is a key player in these processes; it is responsible for degrading mitochondrial targeting sequences that are cleaved off from the imported precursor proteins and for digesting a mitochondrial fraction of amyloid beta (Aβ). In this review, we present current evidence obtained from patients with PITRM1 mutations, as well as the different cellular and animal models of PITRM1 deficiency, which points toward PITRM1 as a possible driving factor of several neurodegenerative conditions. Finally, we point out the prospect of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessia Catania
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Laurence A. Bindoff
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.Z.)
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24
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Chen X, Drew J, Berney W, Lei W. Neuroprotective Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061309. [PMID: 34070275 PMCID: PMC8225186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the number one neurovegetative disease, but its treatment options are relatively few and ineffective. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy, natural products have aroused interest in the research community and in the pharmaceutical industry for their neuroprotective activity, targeting different pathological mechanisms associated with AD. A wide variety of natural products from different origins have been evaluated preclinically and clinically for their neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and attenuating the multifactorial pathologies of AD. This review mainly focuses on the possible neuroprotective mechanisms from natural products that may be beneficial in AD treatment and the natural product mixtures or extracts from different sources that have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in preclinical and/or clinical studies. It is believed that natural product mixtures or extracts containing multiple bioactive compounds that can work additively or synergistically to exhibit multiple neuroprotective mechanisms might be an effective approach in AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA; (J.D.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-910-893-1706
| | - Joshua Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA; (J.D.); (W.B.)
| | - Wren Berney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA; (J.D.); (W.B.)
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, USA;
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25
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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26
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Natural Products Targeting Amyloid Beta in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052341. [PMID: 33652858 PMCID: PMC7956407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe brain damage and dementia. There are currently few therapeutics to treat this disease, and they can only temporarily alleviate some of the symptoms. The pathogenesis of AD is mainly preceded by accumulation of abnormal amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates, which are toxic to neurons. Therefore, modulation of the formation of these abnormal aggregates is strongly suggested as the most effective approach to treat AD. In particular, numerous studies on natural products associated with AD, aiming to downregulate Aβ peptides and suppress the formation of abnormal Aβ aggregates, thus reducing neural cell death, are being conducted. Generation of Aβ peptides can be prevented by targeting the secretases involved in Aβ-peptide formation (secretase-dependent). Additionally, blocking the intra- and intermolecular interactions of Aβ peptides can induce conformational changes in abnormal Aβ aggregates, whereby the toxicity can be ameliorated (structure-dependent). In this review, AD-associated natural products which can reduce the accumulation of Aβ peptides via secretase- or structure-dependent pathways, and the current clinical trial states of these products are discussed.
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La Vitola P, Balducci C, Baroni M, Artioli L, Santamaria G, Castiglioni M, Cerovic M, Colombo L, Caldinelli L, Pollegioni L, Forloni G. Peripheral inflammation exacerbates α-synuclein toxicity and neuropathology in Parkinson's models. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:43-60. [PMID: 32696999 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease and related disorders are devastating neurodegenerative pathologies. Since α-synuclein was identified as a main component of Lewy bodies and neurites, efforts have been made to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms of α-synuclein's detrimental effects. α-synuclein oligomers are the most harmful species and may recruit and activate glial cells. Inflammation is emerging as a bridge between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors co-fostering Parkinson's disease. However, direct evidence linking inflammation to the harmful activities of α-synuclein oligomers or to the Parkinson's disease behavioural phenotype is lacking. METHODS To clarify whether neuroinflammation influences Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, we developed: (i) a 'double-hit' approach in C57BL/6 naive mice where peripherally administered lipopolysaccharides were followed by intracerebroventricular injection of an inactive oligomer dose; (ii) a transgenic 'double-hit' model where lipopolysaccharides were given to A53T α-synuclein transgenic Parkinson's disease mice. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharides induced a long-lasting neuroinflammatory response which facilitated the detrimental cognitive activities of oligomers. LPS-activated microglia and astrocytes responded differently to the oligomers with microglia activating further and acquiring a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, while astrocytes atrophied. In the transgenic 'double-hit' A53T mouse model, lipopolysaccharides aggravated cognitive deficits and increased microgliosis. Again, astrocytes responded differently to the double challenge. These findings indicate that peripherally induced neuroinflammation potentiates the α-synuclein oligomer's actions and aggravates cognitive deficits in A53T mice. CONCLUSIONS The fine management of both peripheral and central inflammation may offer a promising therapeutic approach to prevent or slow down some behavioural aspects in α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P La Vitola
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Artioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Santamaria
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Castiglioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Cerovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Caldinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - L Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - G Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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28
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Chen CJ, Liu X, Chiou JS, Hang LW, Li TM, Tsai FJ, Ko CH, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Effects of Chinese herbal medicines on dementia risk in patients with sleep disorders in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113267. [PMID: 32822822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sleep disorders affect an estimated 150 million people worldwide and result in adverse health, safety, and work performance-related outcomes that have important economic consequences. In Taiwan, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a complementary natural medicine and has been widely used as an adjunctive therapy. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of CHM on dementia risk in patients with sleep disorders in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 124,605 patients with sleep disorders between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Of these, 5876 CHM users and 5876 non-CHM users were matched according to age and gender. The chi-squared test, Cox proportional hazard model, Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank test were used for the comparisons. Association rule mining and network analysis were applied to determine a CHM pattern specialized for sleep disorders. RESULTS More CHM users did not use sleeping pills than non-CHM users. CHM users had a lower risk of dementia than non-CHM users after adjusting for age, gender, and sleeping pill use (hazard ratio (HR): 0.469, 95% CI = 0.289-0.760; p-value = 0.002). The cumulative incidence of dementia was lower among CHM users (long-rank test, p-value < 0.001). Association rule mining and network analysis showed that Ye-Jiao-Teng (YJT; Caulis Polygoni Multiflori; Polygonum multiflorum Thunb), Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang (SZRT), Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS), He-Huan-Pi (HHP; Cortex Albizziae; Albizia julibrissin Durazz.), and Suan-Zao-Ren (SZR; Semen Zizyphi Spinosae; Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) were important CHMs for patients with sleep disorders in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive list of herbal medicines may be useful for the clinical treatment of patients with sleep disorders, and for future scientific investigations into the prevention of dementia in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jung Chen
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Wen Hang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hang Ko
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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29
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Liu T, Wang B, Li G, Dong X, Yu G, Qian Q, Duan L, Li H, Jia Z, Bai J. Disruption of microRNA-214 during general anaesthesia prevents brain injury and maintains mitochondrial fusion by promoting Mfn2 interaction with Pkm2. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13589-13599. [PMID: 33147380 PMCID: PMC7753869 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duration of surgical general anaesthesia is associated with severe brain injury and neurological deficits. The specific mechanisms underlying post-general anaesthesia brain injury, however, still remain to be elucidated. Herein, we explore the role of microRNA-214 (miR-214) in the occurrence of brain injury after general anaesthesia and its underlying mechanism. Hippocampal tissues and neurons were isolated from rats exposed to 2% sevoflurane. TUNEL stains reflect hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Cultured hippocampal neurons stained with JC-1 and MitoTracker dyes were imaged by fluorescence microscope to visualize changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondrial function was evaluated. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) binding to miR-214 or pyruvate kinase M2 (Pkm2) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. After exposure to 2% sevoflurane, up-regulated miR-214 expression and impaired interaction between Mfn2 and Pkm2 were found in rat hippocampal tissues. Rats exposed to 2% sevoflurane also experienced neuronal injury, mitochondrial defects and deficits in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) signalling. miR-214 was shown to target Mfn2 by impairing its binding with Pkm2. Inhibiting miR-214 expression using its specific inhibitor improved mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced mitochondrial fusion, maintained mitochondrial function, restored interaction between Mfn2 and Pkm2, and activated the Bdnf signalling in cultured hippocampal neurons. Adenovirus infection of miR-214 inhibitor reduced neuron apoptosis and maintained mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of rats exposed to 2% sevoflurane. Taken together, the study demonstrates inhibition of miR-214 is cerebral protective against brain injury following general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of PediatricsNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Gai Li
- CT DepartmentNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Xiaoliu Dong
- Department of NeurologyTangshan People's HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Guannan Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Qingzeng Qian
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Likun Duan
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Zhao Jia
- Department of NeurologyTangshan People's HospitalTangshanChina
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshanChina
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Gao LJ, Li P, Ma T, Zhong ZQ, Xu SJ. Ligustilide alleviates neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells induced by Aβ 25-35 via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1572-1584. [PMID: 33111362 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ligustilide is a phenolic compound isolated from Asian plants of Umbelliferae family. This study was aimed at exploring the neuroprotective effects of Ligustilide from the perspective of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy. The Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell models were constructed by SH-SY5Y cell line, which was exposed to 20 μM Aβ25-35 . CCK-8 was used to evaluate the cell viability of Ligustilide on AD cell model. Hoechst staining and LysoTracker Red were used to test the cell apoptosis and Lysosome function, respectively. ERS in living cells were detected by Thioflavin T. The expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3B-II/I, P62/SQSTM1, Beclin1, and Atg5), ERS marker proteins (PERK, GRP78, and CHOH), and apoptosis proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-12) were analyzed by Western blot analyses. Aβ25-35 could induce ERS and autophagy in a time-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells. We demonstrated that Ligustilide significantly decreased the rate of apoptosis, and improved the viability of cells. Simultaneously, Ligustilide effectively modulated ERS via inhibiting the over-activation of GRP78/PERK/CHOP signaling pathway. In addition, Ligustilide alleviated the accumulation of autophagy vacuoles, reduced the ratio of LC3B-II/I and the level of P62/SQSTM1. Ligustilide significantly up-regulated lysosomal acidity and the expression of Cathepsin D (CTSD). Ligustilide could rescue lysosomal function to promote autophagy flux and inhibit the over-activation of ERS. This finding may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Gao
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tengyun Ma
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhan-Qiong Zhong
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Jun Xu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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31
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Huang J, Wang X, Xie L, Wu M, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yao L, Li W. Extract of Danggui-Shaoyao-San ameliorates cognition deficits by regulating DHA metabolism in APP/PS1 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112673. [PMID: 32084555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) has been reported to show therapeutic effect on alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to investigate the relation between DSS treatment of AD and DHA metabolism and evaluates its neuroprotective effect on cognitive in APP/PS1 mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS DSS (1.6, 3.2, 6.4 g/kg/day) or Aricept (3 mg/kg/day) was orally administered (i.g.) to APP/PS1 mice, and saline was orally administered to Wild-type (WT) male mice as control group. Then, the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, open filed test and fear conditioning test were conducted for evaluation of learning and memory abilities. The DHA content was assessed by HPLC-MS/MS. Physiological indices were determined, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ROS level, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), PEG2, TXB2 and LTB4. The expressions of COX-1, COX-2, cPLA2, iPLA2, 15-LOX, and were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice showed serious cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. However, treatment of DSS extract significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice. Biochemical measurements showed the increases in TG, TC, LDL-c and the decrease in HDL-c in APP/PS1 mice compared with WT mice, and DSS extract significantly retarded these changes. Low content of DHA, low expression of iPLA2 and 15-LOX were observed both in hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, while DSS extract significantly restored these changes. Additionally, the abnormal activity of SOD and ROS level, the decreased levels of MDA and GSH were observed in APP/PS1 mice, while DSS extract prominently lessened these changes. Moreover, DSS extract decreased the level of PEG2, TXB2 and LTB4 and also attenuated the expression of cPLA2, COX-1 and COX-2 in hippocampus as well as cortex of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we suggest that DSS play a positive effective role in increasing DHA content by up-regulating iPLA2 and 15-LOX, resulting in ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and finally ameliorating cognition deficits in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Mingan Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Limei Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Healthcare, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, 321 Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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32
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Chen SY, Gao Y, Sun JY, Meng XL, Yang D, Fan LH, Xiang L, Wang P. Traditional Chinese Medicine: Role in Reducing β-Amyloid, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32390843 PMCID: PMC7188934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The major characteristics of AD are amyloid β plaques, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These are mostly used as the significant indicators for selecting the effects of potential drugs. It is imperative to explain AD pathogenesis and realize productive treatments. Although the currently used chemical drugs for clinical applications of AD are effective in managing the symptoms, they are inadequate to achieve anticipated preventive or therapeutic outcomes. There are new strategies for treating AD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has accumulated thousands of years of experience in treating dementia. Nowadays, numerous modern pharmacological studies have verified the efficacy of many bioactive ingredients isolated from TCM for AD treatment. In this review, representative TCM for the treatment of AD are discussed, and among these herbal medicines, the Lamiaceae family accounts for the highest proportion. It is concluded that monomers and extracts from TCM have potential therapeutic effect for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Hong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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33
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Ma L, Yang C, Zheng J, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Huang K. Non-polyphenolic natural inhibitors of amyloid aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112197. [PMID: 32172082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding diseases (PMDs) are chronic and progressive, with no effective therapy so far. Aggregation and misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins are closely associated with the onset and progression of PMDs, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn) in Parkinson's disease and human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in type 2 diabetes. Inhibiting toxic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach in PMDs. The past decade has witnessed the rapid progresses of this field, dozens of inhibitors have been screened and verified in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating inhibitory effects against the aggregation and misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins, together with beneficial effects. Natural products are major sources of small molecule amyloid inhibitors, a number of natural derived compounds have been identified with great bioactivities and translational prospects. Here, we review the non-polyphenolic natural inhibitors that potentially applicable for PMDs treatment, along with their working mechanisms. Future directions are proposed for the development and clinical applications of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yushuo Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430035, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Li M, Meng Y, Chu B, Shen Y, Liu X, Ding M, Song C, Cao X, Wang P, Xu L, Wang Y, Xu S, Bi J, Xie Z. Orexin-A aggravates cytotoxicity and mitochondrial impairment in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APPswe via p38 MAPK pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32055596 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the common neurodegenerative diseases and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Orexin-A is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus and thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, its underlying mechanism and signaling pathway remains unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Orexin-A on AD, and to explore its potential mechanism and signaling pathway. Methods SH-SY5Y cells that were stably transfected with the Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe), a cell model of AD with excessive Aβ production, were used in this study. Cells were treated with Orexin-A, and with or without SB203580, an inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, one of the key MAPK pathways associated with cell death. Following treatment, cells were collected and analyzed by western blotting, ELISA, electron microscopy, real-time PCR, fluorescence microscopy, and other biochemical assays. Results Orexin-A increased the level of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the cell medium, and activated the p38 MAPK pathway. As evidenced by the CCK-8 and ELISA BrdU assays, Orexin-A decreased cell viability and cell proliferation. Electron microscopic analysis used to observe the morphology of mitochondria, showed that Orexin-A increased the percentage of abnormal mitochondria. Further, decreased activity of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), level of ATP, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number following Orexin-A treatment showed that Orexin-A exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is mainly generated in mitochondria and reflects mitochondrial dysfunction, was also increased by Orexin-A. SB203580 blocked the cytotoxicity and mitochondrial impairment aggravated by Orexin-A. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that Orexin-A aggravates cytotoxicity and mitochondrial impairment in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APPswe through the p38 MAPK pathway, and suggest that Orexin-A participates in the pathogenesis of AD, which may provide a new treatment target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bingcong Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xiangtian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Chaoyuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Shunliang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Zhaohong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
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Wang Y, Peng M. Research Progress on Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine Jieyu Pills in the Treatment of Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:3023-3033. [PMID: 33324063 PMCID: PMC7733407 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s282384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common clinical psychological disease, which is called "yu zheng" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM has a long history in the treatment of depression (yu zheng), which has unique advantages. Jieyu pill (JYP), a classical TCM formula, has been widely used for treating depression because of its clear clinical efficacy, low side effects, and high compliance. In this review, we systematically introduce recent clinical and animal experimental studies on JYP and depression, and review the pharmacological mechanism and active ingredients of JYP, as well as its clinical application in depression therapy. This systematic review provides a deep understanding of TCM prescriptions, pharmacological mechanisms, and disease-medicine interactions, and lays the foundation for developing new treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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36
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Li B, Liang F, Ding X, Yan Q, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Bai Y, Huang T, Xu B. Interval and continuous exercise overcome memory deficits related to β-Amyloid accumulation through modulating mitochondrial dynamics. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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37
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Chen L, Xu S, Wu T, Shao Y, Luo L, Zhou L, Ou S, Tang H, Huang W, Guo K, Xu J. Studies on APP metabolism related to age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10242-10251. [PMID: 31744937 PMCID: PMC6914425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain with mitochondrial dysfunction and a reduced adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been implicated in the onset and progression of β-Amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal toxicity in AD. To unravel the function of ATP and the underlying mechanisms on AD development, APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and wild-type (WT) C57 mice at 6 and 10 months of age were studied. We demonstrated a decreased ATP release in the hippocampus and platelet of APP/PS1 mice, comparing to C57 mice at a relatively early age. Levels of Aβ were raised in both hippocampus and platelet of APP/PS1 mice, accompanied by a decrease of α-secretase activity and an increase of β-secretase activity. Moreover, our results presented an age-dependent rise in mitochondrial vulnerability to oxidation in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, we found decreased pSer473-Akt levels, increased GSK3β activity by inhibiting phosphorylation at Ser9 in aged APP/PS1 mice and these dysfunctions probably due to down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3. Therefore, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway could be involved in Aβ-associated mitochondrial dysfunction of APP/PS1 mice and APP abnormal metabolism in platelet might provide potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingqi Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Ou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Traditional Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Kwan KK, Huang Y, Leung KW, Dong TT, Tsim KW. Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese Herbal Decoction Containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Modulates Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Cultured Cardiomyoblasts. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:614. [PMID: 31316376 PMCID: PMC6611430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is an ancient herbal mixture containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and which are commonly consumed for "qi-invigorating" (i.e., stimulating vital energy/energy metabolism) as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The pharmacological activities of DBT in anti-oxidation, estrogenic, hematopoietic, and immunogenic have been reported; however, the role of DBT in cellular energy metabolism has not been determined. Here, we employed an extracellular flux analyzer to evaluate the mitochondrial respiration of cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts in present of DBT. The herbal extract of DBT was qualified chemically for the major ingredients, i.e. astragaloside, calycosin, formononetin, Z-ligustilide, and ferulic acid. The anti-oxidant activities of DBT, as well as its major ingredients, were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and protective effect in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-treated cultured cardiomyoblasts. In addition, a real-time oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in herbal extract-treated cultured cardiomyoblasts was revealed by using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. In addition, the transcript expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PCG-1α) and other genes relating to mitochondria biogenesis were determined in cardiomyoblasts under different herbal treatments. DBT possessed the strongest anti-oxidant activity and protective effects on the oxidatively stressed cardiomyoblasts. By revealing the OCR in mitochondria, the health state of cultured cardiomyoblasts under DBT was improved via increase of basal respiration, proton leak, non-mitochondria, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Furthermore, the transcriptional activities of genes responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA replication were stimulated by application of DBT in cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K.L. Kwan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka W. Leung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tina T.X. Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karl W.K. Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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ADAM10 in Alzheimer's disease: Pharmacological modulation by natural compounds and its role as a peripheral marker. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108661. [PMID: 30836275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a global burden in the economics of healthcare systems. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are formed by amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) cleavage, which can be processed by two pathways. The cleavage by the α-secretase A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) releases the soluble portion (sAβPPα) and prevents senile plaques. This pathway remains largely unknown and ignored, mainly regarding pharmacological approaches that may act via different signaling cascades and thus stimulate non-amyloidogenic cleavage through ADAM10. This review emphasizes the effects of natural compounds on ADAM10 modulation, which eventuates in a neuroprotective mechanism. Moreover, ADAM10 as an AD biomarker is revised. New treatments and preventive interventions targeting ADAM10 regulation for AD are necessary, considering the wide variety of ADAM10 substrates.
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