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Qu R, Peng Y, Xu S, Zhou M, Yin X, Liu B, Bi H, Guo D. RBPJ Knockdown Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization Through Mitochondrial ROS-mediated Notch1-Jagged1-Hes1 Signaling Pathway in Uveitis. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02053-y. [PMID: 38761249 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Uveitis is an autoimmune eye disease that can be involved in the entire body and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Therefore, comprehending the mechanisms underlying the development and regulation of ocular immune responses in uveitis is crucial for designing effective therapeutic interventions. In this study, we investigated how RBPJ regulates macrophage polarization in uveitis. We demonstrated that targeted RBPJ knockdown (RBPJKD) promotes M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorates uveitis through the mtROS-mediated Notch1-Jagged1-Hes1 signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative (Q-PCR) analysis revealed that the Notch1-Jagged1-Hes1 signaling pathway was active in the eye tissues of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) rats. Immunofluorescence double staining confirmed enhanced signaling primarily occurring in macrophages, establishing a correlation between the Notch1 signaling pathway and macrophages. Transmission electron microscopy evaluated the morphological and functional changes of mitochondria in each group's eye tissues. It demonstrated significant swelling and disorganization in the EAU group, which were effectively restored upon RBPJ knockdown intervention. Finally, by employing an antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to eliminate mtROS in vivo, we observed a decrease in the M2 macrophage polarization level, which prevented the cytoprotective effect conferred by RBPJKD. These findings underscore the relevance of the Notch signaling pathway to the immune system while highlighting the potential role of mtROS as a therapeutic target for inflammation and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Mengxian Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Xuewei Yin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan, 250002, China.
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García-Sáez J, Figueroa-Fuentes M, González-Corralejo C, Roncero C, Lazcanoiturburu N, Gutiérrez-Uzquiza Á, Vaquero J, González-Sánchez E, Bhutia K, Calero-Pérez S, Maina F, Traba J, Valverde ÁM, Fabregat I, Herrera B, Sánchez A. Uncovering a Novel Functional Interaction Between Adult Hepatic Progenitor Cells, Inflammation and EGFR Signaling During Bile Acids-Induced Injury. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2339-2355. [PMID: 38725853 PMCID: PMC11077361 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.90645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic cholestatic damage is associated to both accumulation of cytotoxic levels of bile acids and expansion of adult hepatic progenitor cells (HPC) as part of the ductular reaction contributing to the regenerative response. Here, we report a bile acid-specific cytotoxic response in mouse HPC, which is partially impaired by EGF signaling. Additionally, we show that EGF synergizes with bile acids to trigger inflammatory signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HPC. Aiming at understanding the impact of this HPC specific response on the liver microenvironment we run a proteomic analysis of HPC secretome. Data show an enrichment in immune and TGF-β regulators, ECM components and remodeling proteins in HPC secretome. Consistently, HPC-derived conditioned medium promotes hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and macrophage M1-like polarization. Strikingly, EGF and bile acids co-treatment leads to profound changes in the secretome composition, illustrated by an abolishment of HSC activating effect and by promoting macrophage M2-like polarization. Collectively, we provide new specific mechanisms behind HPC regulatory action during cholestatic liver injury, with an active role in cellular interactome and inflammatory response regulation. Moreover, findings prove a key contribution for EGFR signaling jointly with bile acids in HPC-mediated actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Sáez
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Figueroa-Fuentes
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González-Corralejo
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesáreo Roncero
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Lazcanoiturburu
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Uzquiza
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester González-Sánchez
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kunzangla Bhutia
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Calero-Pérez
- Biomedical Research Institute Sols-Morreale, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC-UAM); Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders of the Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERdem-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Javier Traba
- Dept. for Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Biomedical Research Institute Sols-Morreale, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC-UAM); Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders of the Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERdem-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Yilmaz K, Haeberle S, Kim YO, Fritzler MJ, Weng SY, Goeppert B, Raker VK, Steinbrink K, Schuppan D, Enk A, Hadaschik EN. Regulatory T-cell deficiency leads to features of autoimmune liver disease overlap syndrome in scurfy mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253649. [PMID: 37818371 PMCID: PMC10561387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Scurfy mice have a complete deficiency of functional regulatory T cells (Treg) due to a frameshift mutation in the Foxp3 gene. The impaired immune homeostasis results in a lethal lymphoproliferative disorder affecting multiple organs, including the liver. The autoimmune pathology in scurfy mice is in part accompanied by autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA). ANA are serological hallmarks of several autoimmune disorders including autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). However, the underlying pathogenesis and the role of Treg in AILD remain to be elucidated. The present study therefore aimed to characterize the liver disease in scurfy mice. Methods Sera from scurfy mice were screened for ANA by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and tested for a wide range of AILD-associated autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, line immunoassay, and addressable laser bead immunoassay. CD4+ T cells of scurfy mice were transferred into T cell-deficient B6/nude mice. Monoclonal autoantibodies from scurfy mice and recipient B6/nude mice were tested for ANA by IFA. Liver tissue of scurfy mice was analyzed by conventional histology. Collagen deposition in scurfy liver was quantified via hepatic hydroxyproline content. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine fibrosis-related hepatic gene expression. Hepatic immune cells were differentiated by flow cytometry. Results All scurfy mice produced ANA. AILD-associated autoantibodies, predominantly antimitochondrial antibodies, were detected at significantly higher levels in scurfy sera. CD4+ T cells from scurfy mice were sufficient to induce anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and ANA with an AILD-related nuclear envelope staining pattern. Liver histology revealed portal inflammation with bile duct damage and proliferation, as in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and interface hepatitis with portal-parenchymal necroinflammation, as found in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In scurfy liver, TNFα and fibrosis-related transcripts including Col1a1, Timp1, Acta2, Mmp2, and Mmp9 were upregulated. The level of proinflammatory monocytic macrophages (Ly-6Chi) was increased, while M2-type macrophages (CD206+) were downregulated compared to wildtype controls. Despite severe hepatic inflammation, fibrosis did not develop within 25 days, which is close to the lifespan of scurfy mice. Discussion Our findings suggest that Treg-deficient scurfy mice spontaneously develop clinical, serological, and immunopathological characteristics of AILD with overlapping features of PBC and AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Yilmaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haeberle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shih-Yen Weng
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Smart Healthcare Interdisciplinary College, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Verena K. Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva N. Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. NOTCH signalling - a core regulator of bile duct disease? Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050231. [PMID: 37605966 PMCID: PMC10461466 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, fate determination and maintenance of stem/progenitor cell populations across tissues. Although it was originally identified as a critical regulator of embryonic liver development, NOTCH signalling activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of paediatric and adult liver diseases. It remains unclear, however, what role NOTCH actually plays in these pathophysiological processes and whether NOTCH activity represents the reactivation of a conserved developmental programme that is essential for adult tissue repair. In this Review, we explore the concepts that NOTCH signalling reactivation in the biliary epithelium is a reiterative and essential response to bile duct damage and that, in disease contexts in which biliary epithelial cells need to be regenerated, NOTCH signalling supports ductular regrowth. Furthermore, we evaluate the recent literature on NOTCH signalling as a critical factor in progenitor-mediated hepatocyte regeneration, which indicates that the mitogenic role for NOTCH signalling in biliary epithelial cell proliferation has also been co-opted to support other forms of epithelial regeneration in the adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- CRUK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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5
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CD14 positive cells accelerate hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:942-948. [PMID: 35396529 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) engraftment remains a high-priority goal when limited cell doses are available, such as in cord blood (CB) transplantation and HSC gene therapy. We observed that monocytes are highly effective at improving the engraftment of both CB-CD34+ and lentivirus-transfected CD34+ cells in a xenogeneic model of HSC transplantation. Moreover, monocytes, in particular the CD14+CD16- classical subset, in co-culture systems increase survival and stemness of CB-CD34+ cells. Both soluble factors and direct-cell contact interactions, such as JAG/NOTCH and COX-2/PGE2 pathways, are critically involved in the HSC-monocyte crosstalk. Our results indicate that the infusion of monocytes improves engraftment when cell dose is a limiting factor.
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6
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Long-term co-exposure DBP and BaP causes imbalance in liver macrophages polarization via activation of Notch signaling regulated by miR-34a-5p in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 359:109919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mucosal immunity in primary sclerosing cholangitis: from the bowel to bile ducts and back again. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2022; 38:104-113. [PMID: 35034083 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we provide a contemporary overview on PSC pathogenesis, with a specific focus on the role of mucosal immunity. RECENT FINDINGS The extent of enteric dysbiosis in PSC has been extensively quantified, with evidence of reduced bacterial diversity and enrichment of species capable of driving lymphocyte recruitment from the gut to the liver. Integrative pathway-based analysis and metagenomic sequencing indicate a reduction in butyrate-producing species, near absence of bacteria that activate the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR, and depletion of species that regulate the synthesis of vitamin B6 and branched-chain amino acids. Immunotyping of the cellular inflammatory infiltrate has identified a population of intrahepatic naive T cells, with tendency to acquire a Th17 polarisation state, paralleled by heightened responses to pathogen stimulation. Moreover, the search for antigen specificity has revealed the presence of overlapping nucleotide clonotypes across the gut and liver, highlighting the ability to recognize a common pool of epitopes bearing structural similarities across afflicted sites. SUMMARY Understanding the complex mechanisms that underpin mucosal immune responses between the liver and gut will help identify new druggable targets in PSC, centring on gut microbial manipulation, bile acid therapies, and restoration of immune homeostasis.
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Wang C, Ma C, Gong L, Guo Y, Fu K, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803037. [PMID: 34970275 PMCID: PMC8712501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages are also recruited to the diseased tissues, and polarize to various phenotypes (mainly M1 and M2) under the stimulation of various factors in the microenvironment, thus playing different roles and functions. Liver diseases are hepatic pathological changes caused by a variety of pathogenic factors (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that macrophage polarization plays an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. However, because both macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of liver diseases are complex, the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in liver diseases need to be further clarified. Therefore, the origin of hepatic macrophages, and the phenotypes and mechanisms of macrophage polarization are reviewed first in this paper. It is found that macrophage polarization involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly including TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, and miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, this paper also expounds the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in various liver diseases, which aims to provide references for further research of macrophage polarization in liver diseases, contributing to the therapeutic strategy of ameliorating liver diseases by modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Gold Nanoparticles: Multifaceted Roles in the Management of Autoimmune Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091289. [PMID: 34572503 PMCID: PMC8470500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been recently applied for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles (NPs), such as relative ease of synthesis in various sizes, shapes and charges, stability, high drug-loading capacity and relative availability for modification accompanied by non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility, make them an ideal field of research in bio-nanotechnology. Moreover, their potential to alleviate various inflammatory factors, nitrite species, and reactive oxygen production and the capacity to deliver therapeutic agents has attracted attention for further studies in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, the characteristics of GNPs and surface modification can modulate their toxicity, biodistribution, biocompatibility, and effects. This review discusses in vitro and in vivo effects of GNPs and their functionalized forms in managing various autoimmune disorders (Ads) such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis.
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10
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Wen J, Chen C, Luo M, Liu X, Guo J, Wei T, Gu X, Gu S, Ning Y, Li Y. Notch Signaling Ligand Jagged1 Enhances Macrophage-Mediated Response to Helicobacter pylori. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692832. [PMID: 34305857 PMCID: PMC8297740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the gram-negative bacteria that mainly colonize the stomach mucosa and cause many gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Macrophages play a key role in eradicating H. pylori. Recent data have shown that Notch signaling could modulate the activation and bactericidal activities of macrophages. However, the role of Notch signaling in macrophages against H. pylori remains unclear. In the present study, in the co-culture model of macrophages with H. pylori, the inhibition of Notch signaling using γ-secretase decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and its product, nitric oxide (NO), and downregulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine and attenuated phagocytosis and bactericidal activities of macrophages to H. pylori. Furthermore, we identified that Jagged1, one of Notch signaling ligands, was both upregulated in mRNA and protein level in activated macrophages induced by H. pylori. Clinical specimens showed that the number of Jagged1+ macrophages in the stomach mucosa from H. pylori-infected patients was significantly higher than that in healthy control. The overexpression of Jagged1 promoted bactericidal activities of macrophages against H. pylori and siRNA-Jagged1 presented the opposite effect. Besides, the addition of exogenous rJagged1 facilitated the pro-inflammatory mediators of macrophages against H. pylori, but the treatment of anti-Jagged1 neutralizing antibody attenuated it. Taken together, these results suggest that Jagged1 is a promoting molecule for macrophages against H. pylori, which will provide insight for exploring Jagged1 as a novel therapeutic target for the control of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxi Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqun Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocong Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiading Guo
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sinan Gu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Santamaria-Alza Y, Vasquez G. Are chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) the future in immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases? Inflamm Res 2021; 70:651-663. [PMID: 34018005 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of oncological diseases, and potential uses in autoimmune diseases have recently been described. The review aims to integrate the available data on treatment with CAR-T cells, emphasizing autoimmune diseases, to determine therapeutic advances and their possible future clinical applicability in autoimmunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was performed in PubMed with the keywords "Chimeric Antigen Receptor" and "CART cell". The documents of interest were selected, and a critical review of the information was carried out. RESULTS In the treatment of autoimmune diseases, in preclinical models, three different cellular strategies have been used, which include Chimeric antigen receptor T cells, Chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells, and Chimeric antigen receptor in regulatory T lymphocytes. All three types of therapy have been effective. The potential adverse effects within them, cytokine release syndrome, cellular toxicity and neurotoxicity must always be kept in mind. CONCLUSIONS Although information in humans is not yet available, preclinical models of CAR-T cells in the treatment of autoimmune diseases show promising results, so that in the future, they may become a useful and effective therapy in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeison Santamaria-Alza
- Rheumatology Section, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Street 52 number 61-30 lab 510, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Gloria Vasquez
- Rheumatology Section, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Street 52 number 61-30 lab 510, Medellín, Colombia
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Cadamuro M, Girardi N, Gores GJ, Strazzabosco M, Fabris L. The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Chronic Cholangiopathies Featuring Biliary Fibrosis: An Attractive Therapeutic Target for Orphan Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:115. [PMID: 32373615 PMCID: PMC7186419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are a heterogeneous group of chronic liver diseases caused by different types of injury targeting the biliary epithelium, such as genetic defects and immune-mediated attacks. Notably, most cholangiopathies are orphan, thereby representing one of the major gaps in knowledge of the modern hepatology. A typical hallmark of disease progression in cholangiopathies is portal scarring, and thus development of effective therapeutic approaches would aim to hinder cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning biliary fibrogenesis. Recent lines of evidence indicate that macrophages, rather than more conventional cell effectors of liver fibrosis such as hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts, are actively involved in the earliest stages of biliary fibrogenesis by exchanging a multitude of cues with cholangiocytes, which promote their recruitment from the circulating compartment owing to a senescent or an immature epithelial phenotype. Two cholangiopathies, namely primary sclerosing cholangitis and congenital hepatic fibrosis, are paradigmatic of this mechanism. This review summarizes current understandings of the cytokine and extracellular vesicles-mediated communications between cholangiocytes and macrophages typically occurring in the two cholangiopathies to unveil potential novel targets for the treatment of biliary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noemi Girardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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