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Sulieman AME, Alanaizy E, Alanaizy NA, Abdallah EM, Idriss H, Salih ZA, Ibrahim NA, Ali NA, Ibrahim SE, Abd El Hakeem BS. Unveiling Chemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Fagonia indica Grown in the Hail Mountains, Saudi Arabia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 36987042 PMCID: PMC10054747 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Aja and Salma mountains in the Hail region are home to a variety of indigenous wild plants, some of which are used in Bedouin folk medicine to treat various ailments. The purpose of the current study was to unveil the chemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Fagonia indica (Showeka) grown widely in these mountains, as data on the biological activities of this plant in this remote area are scarce. XRF spectrometry indicated the presence of some essential elements, which were in the order of Ca > S > K > AL > CL > Si > P > Fe > Mg > Na > Ti > Sr > Zn > Mn. Qualitative chemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and cardiac glycosides in the methanolic extract (80% v/v). GC-MS showed the presence of 2-chloropropanoic acid 18.5%, tetrahydro-2-methylfuran 20.1%, tridecanoic acid 12-methyl-, methyl ester 2.2%, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 8.6%, methyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate 13.4%, methyl linoleate 7.0%, petroselinic acid methyl ester 15%, erucylamide 6.7% and diosgenin 8.5%. Total phenols, total tannins, flavonoids, DPPH, reducing power, -carotene and ABTS IC50 (mg/mL) scavenging activity were used to measure the antioxidant capabilities of Fagonia indica, which exhibited prominent antioxidant properties at low concentrations when compared to ascorbic acid, butylate hydroxytoluene and beta-carotene. The antibacterial investigation revealed significant inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis MTCC121 and Pseudomona aeruginosa MTCC 741 with inhibition zones of 15.00 ± 1.5 and 12.0 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) ranged between 125 to 500 μg/mL. The MBC/MIC ratio indicated possible bactericidal efficacy against Bacillus subtilis and bacteriostatic activity against Pseudomona aeruginosa. The study also showed that this plant has anti-biofilm formation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hail University, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Eida Alanaizy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hail University, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Naimah A. Alanaizy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hail University, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Emad M. Abdallah
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hajo Idriss
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakaria A. Salih
- Department of Research and Training, Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nasir A. Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nahid Abdelraheem Ali
- Department of Home Economic, College of Home Economic, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.E.I.); (B.S.A.E.H.)
| | - Salwa E. Ibrahim
- Department of Home Economic, College of Home Economic, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.E.I.); (B.S.A.E.H.)
| | - Bothaina S. Abd El Hakeem
- Department of Home Economic, College of Home Economic, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.E.I.); (B.S.A.E.H.)
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Ashfaq I, Sheikh N, Fatima N, Tayyeb A. Inhibition of anti-inflammatory pathway through suppressors of cytokine signalling (Socs2/Socs3) in the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103348. [PMID: 35800143 PMCID: PMC9253924 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer related deaths is predominantly driven by chronic inflammatory responses. Due to asymptomatic nature and lack of early patient biopsies, precise involvement of inflammation in hepatic injury initiation remains unidentified. Aim of the study was to elucidate the regulation patterns of inflammatory signalling from initiation of hepatic injury to development of HCC. HCC mice model was established using DEN followed by repeated doses of CCl4 and sacrificed at three different stages of disease comprising 7, 14 and 21 weeks. Serum biochemical tests, hepatic lipids quantification, histopathology and qPCR analyses were conducted to characterize the initiation and progression of liver injury and inflammatory signalling. Notably, at 7 weeks, we observed hepatocyte damage and periportal necrotic bodies coupled with induction of Socs2/Socs3 and anti-inflammatory cytokine Il-10. At 14 weeks, mice liver showed advancement of liver injury with micro-vesicular steatosis and moderate collagen deposition around portal zone. With progression of injury, the expression of Socs3 was declined with further reduction of Il-10 and Tgf-β indicating the disturbance of anti-inflammatory mechanism. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokines Il1-β, Il6 and Tnf-α were upregulated contributing inflammation. Subsequently, at 21 weeks severe liver damage was estimated as characterized by macro-vesicular steatosis, perisinusoidal collagen bridging, immune cell recruitment and significant upregulation of Col-1α and α-Sma. In parallel, there was significant upregulation of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines highlighting the commencement of chronic inflammation. Findings of the study suggest that differential regulation of cytokine suppressors and inflammatory cytokines might play role in the initiation and progression of hepatic injury leading towards HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isbah Ashfaq
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Naz Fatima
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Corresponding author at: School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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Miranda CL, Kumbi Y, Wu W, Lee HS, Reed RL, Stevens JF. Phytochemical characterization and bioactivity toward breast cancer cells of unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed extracts of Fagonia indica. Nat Prod Commun 2022; 17:10.1177/1934578x221109426. [PMID: 35875707 PMCID: PMC9302922 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals from the genus, Fagonia, have been attracting increasing attention due to their potential beneficial effects on human health. Fagonia species contain various types of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, coumarins and tannins. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition of unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed extracts of Fagonia indica and their bioactivity toward breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro. The results revealed that F. indica contains phytochemicals consistent with the reported phytochemical composition of this Fagonia species, with greater amounts of aglycones detected in the hydrolyzed extract. The crude extract of F. indica without acid hydrolysis was found to be ineffective in inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 cells at doses below 1000 μg/mL. However, after acid hydrolysis (to mimic gastro-intestinal hydrolysis), the F. indica extract became growth-inhibitory to MCF-7 cells as low as 10 μg/mL and the cytotoxicity increased with increasing dose and time of treatment. The results suggest that F. indica extracts contain phytochemicals in glycosidic forms whose aglycones are active as anti-proliferative agents toward breast cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal L. Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Yadano Kumbi
- BioResource Research Interdisciplinary Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Hyi-Seung Lee
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
- Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ralph L. Reed
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
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Otho AA, Memon RA, Abro SA, Memon AA. Elemental Analysis of Medicinal Herb Fagonia indica Burm. f. and Its Rhizospheric Soil from Six Geographical Locations of South-eastern Sindh Province, Pakistan, During Spring and Summer Seasons. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2439-2454. [PMID: 34398418 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study hypothesized that seasons and geography may affect the elemental composition of Fagonia indica. The plant was sampled along with rhizospheric soil, from six hilly geographical sites of Sindh, during March (Spring) and July (Summer) and analyzed through ICP-OES. Among 20 elements detected, the elemental concentration of rhizospheric soil was significantly affected by geography rather than seasons. The rhizospheric soil elements, Fe, Mg, Hg, K, Mn, Na, Zn, Al, were hyper-concentrated, B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sr were moderately concentrated, and As, Cd, Ni, Rb, Ti, V were concentrated in trace levels. Contrarily, elements in Fagonia indica biomass were significantly affected by both seasons and geography. K, Na, Fe, Hg, Al, Mn, Sr, Cr, Ti, V were hyperaccumulated during summer, while Mg, Zn, As, Ba, Cd, and Cu accumulated higher during spring. PCA reveals that elements with high variances were homogenously distributed to all sites except Rohri during spring, while during summer most elements were accumulated at Johi, Dadu, Jamshoro, and Karachi. In conclusion, the plant accumulates high concentration of heavy metals during summer and higher concentration of essential nutrients during spring; therefore, its collection for oral use can be recommended during spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz Ali Otho
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Biology Lab., Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Asma Memon
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Biology Lab., Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhter Abro
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Biology Lab., Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Ayaz Ali Memon
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Ghayas S, Hannan A, Rizwani GH. Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Toxicological, and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation: Irochel. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258211073412. [PMID: 35153638 PMCID: PMC8829781 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211073412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Irochel is a polyherbal formulation, comprises ethanolic extracts of Emblica officinalis, Cucurbita pepo L, Triticum aestivum, Fagonia cretica, Momordica charantia, and Tribulus terristris. It is prepared for the management of iron overload in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in which non-transfusion binds iron-produced reactive oxygen species ROS that causes severe damages to the organs leads to death. Research Study: In this study, phytochemical, antioxidant-DPPH assay, cytotoxicity, acute, and subacute toxicity in Wistar rats according to OECD guidelines 423 and 407, respectively, was carried out. The pharmaceutical analysis was conducted following standard protocols. Results: The results exhibited that each herb has a rich amount of phytochemical constituents. The DPPH assay showed IC50 values for Irochel and Gallic Acid 106.6 ± 4.28 [uM] and 21.8 ± 1.03 [uM], respectively. The LC50 124.327 μg/ml was obtained in cytotoxicity. In acute toxicity (14 days) and subacute toxicity (28 days) studies, the results revealed no treatment-related toxic manifestations, or mortality. Therefore, LD50 was found > 5000 mg/kg. However, there was some hematological and biochemical variations observed at 3 different doses of 2000, 300, and 50 mg/kg bw. Conclusion: Thus, Irochel has significant antioxidant activity and it is a safe drug for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syma Ghayas
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Clinical Science Research, Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf.), Karachi, Pakistan
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Ali MZ, Mehmood MH, Saleem M, Hamid Akash MS, Malik A. Pharmacological evaluation of Euphorbia hirta, Fagonia indica and Capparis decidua in hypertension through in-vivo and in vitro-assays. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08094. [PMID: 34712851 PMCID: PMC8529515 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study determines the efficacy and probable underlying mode of action to the folk usage of Euphorbia hirta, Fagonia indica and Capparis decidua in hypertension. Methods The aqueous-methanol extracts of E. hirta (EH.Cr), F. indica (FI.Cr) and C. decidua (CD.Cr) were tested for antihypertensive effects in rats using non-invasive and in-vasive blood pressure measuring apparatus. In-vitro assays were carried out using isolated rat aortae using PowerLab station. Results EH.Cr, FI.Cr and CD.Cr at 500 mg/kg (orally) caused a fall in the mean systolic blood pressure in arsenic-induced hypertensive and normotensive rats, similar to nifedipine. In rat aortae, EH.Cr, CD.Cr and FI.Cr reversed low (20 mM), high (80 mM) K+ and phenylephrine (P.E)-driven contractions, while F. indica partially inhibited high K+ contractions. In the presence of TEA, F. indica remained unable to relax low K+ contractions. EH.Cr and CD.Cr moved Ca++ concentrations response curves to the right, like nifedipine. All fractions of EH.Cr and CD.Cr except aqueous, pet-ether and chloroform fractions of FI.Cr displayed Ca++ antagonistic activity. FI.Cr, its ethyl acetate and aqueous fraction exhibited TEA-sensitive potassium channel activation. On baseline tension, test materials also produced phentolamine-sensitive vasospasm. Conclusion E. hirta, F. indica and C. decidua possess antihypertensive activity in arsenic-induced hypertensive rats possibly mediated via endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In normotensive rats, E. hirta and C. decidua showed antihypertensive activities through endothelium-dependent and Ca++ antagonistic pathways, while F. indica exhibited potassium channel activation and Ca++ antagonistic like effects in its vasorelaxation. Additional weaker vasospastic effects were derived through α-adrenergic like pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Punjab Old Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
- Department Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
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The Ameliorative Effects of Saikosaponin in Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111383. [PMID: 34768813 PMCID: PMC8583725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders are a major health concern. Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is an effective active ingredient extracted from Bupleurum falcatum, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its hepatoprotective properties and underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of SSd treatment for thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male C57BL/6 mice. The SSd group showed significantly higher food intake, body weight, and hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and lower hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) compared with controls, as well as reduced expression of inflammation-related genes (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) messenger RNA (mRNA). In NAFLD mice, SSd reduced serum ALT, AST, triglycerides, fatty acid–binding protein 4 (FABP4) and sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-related proteins (phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). SSd has a hepatoprotective effect in liver injury by suppressing inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant.
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Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Alcohol Metabolism Regulation by GABA-Enriched Fermented Smilax china Root Extract in Rats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102381. [PMID: 34681429 PMCID: PMC8535858 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption can cause hepatic injury and alcohol-induced toxicities. Extracts from Smilax china root have been widely used in traditional medicine and for their potential pharmacological benefits. We aimed to determine if fermented Smilax china extract (FSC) regulates alcoholic fatty liver and liver injury using two in vivo experiments. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ethanol (3 g/kg b.w.; po) with or without FSC pretreatment to induce an acute hangover. In another experiment, rats were fed either a normal or Lieber-DeCarli ethanol (6.7%) diet with or without FSC pretreatment (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.w.; po) for 28 days. Serum biomarkers, liver histopathology, and the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipogenic, and lipolytic genes were analyzed. FSC pretreatment significantly reduced blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations, upregulated the mRNA expression of alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase, and decreased the activities of liver enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. It also downregulated SERBP-1c and upregulated PPAR-α and reduced the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the liver. The final extract after fermentation had increased GABA content. Furthermore, FSC was found to be safe with no acute oral toxicity in female rats. Thus, FSC increases alcohol metabolism and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to induce hepatoprotection against alcohol-induced damage. It may be used as a functional food ingredient after excess alcohol consumption.
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Tsai MY, Yang WC, Lin CF, Wang CM, Liu HY, Lin CS, Lin JW, Lin WL, Lin TC, Fan PS, Hung KH, Lu YW, Chang GR. The Ameliorative Effects of Fucoidan in Thioacetaide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071937. [PMID: 33808318 PMCID: PMC8036993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders have been recognized as one major health concern. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the brown seaweed Fucus serratus, has previously been reported as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, the discovery and validation of its hepatoprotective properties and elucidation of its mechanisms of action are still unknown. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect and possible modes of action of a treatment of fucoidan against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in male C57BL/6 mice by serum biochemical and histological analyses. The mouse model for liver damage was developed by the administration of TAA thrice a week for six weeks. The mice with TAA-induced liver injury were orally administered fucoidan once a day for 42 days. The treated mice showed significantly higher body weights; food intakes; hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)); and a lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Additionally, a reduced hepatic IL-6 level and a decreased expression of inflammatory-related genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was observed. These results demonstrated that fucoidan had a hepatoprotective effect on liver injury through the suppression of the inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant. In addition, here, we validated the use of fucoidan against liver disorders with supporting molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Tsai
- Animal Industry Division, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 112 Muchang, Xinhua Dist, Tainan 71246, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
- General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Pei-Shan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Yu-Wen Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 6 Lugong Road, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
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Effect of Short-Term Tacrolimus Exposure on Rat Liver: An Insight into Serum Antioxidant Status, Liver Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6613786. [PMID: 33679236 PMCID: PMC7929660 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressive drug, optimally used for liver, kidney, and heart transplant to avoid immune rejection. In retrospect, a multitude of studies have reported effects of TAC, such as nephrotoxicity, diabetes, and other complications. However, limited information is available regarding short-term exposure of TAC on the liver. Therefore, the present study was designed to unravel the effects of short-term exposure of TAC on a rat model. The animal model was established by TAC administration for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h time points. Liver histopathological changes were observed with PAS-D, reticulin stain, and immunostaining of PCNA and CK-7 coupled with glycogen quantification in a liver homogenate. TUNEL assay was performed to evaluate the DNA damage in the liver. Concentration of GSH and activities of SOD and CAT in the serum were measured to assess the antioxidant status, whereas liver tissue MDA level was measured as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Hepatic gene expression analysis of IL-10, IL-13, SOCS-2, and SOCS-3 was performed by RT-PCR. Results revealed marked changes in liver architecture of all TAC-treated groups, as evidenced by sinusoid dilation, hepatocyte derangement, glycogen deposition, and collapsed reticulin fibers. Significant increase in PCNA and CK-7 immunostaining along with the presence of TUNEL-positive cells was revealed in treatment groups as compared to the control group. Serum antioxidant enzyme status was markedly decreased, whereas the liver MDA level was increased in TAC treatment groups indicating oxidative stress induction. The gene expression profile of cytokines was significantly upregulated in treatment groups highlighting an inflammatory response. In conclusion, results of the current study propose that even a short-term TAC exposure can induce change in antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, these factors should be considered to avoid and minimize immunosuppression-related issues in a prolonged course of treatment.
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Abd-El-Moneim OM, Abd El-Rahim AH, Mohamed AAER, Farag IM, Mohamed Abdalla A. Enhancement effects of ethanolic extract of Fagonia cretica on Bisphenol A (BPA)-induced genotoxicity and biochemical changes in rats. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2020; 44:67. [DOI: 10.1186/s42269-020-00295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fagonia cretica L. was considered to be a medical plant that was used for the treatment of different diseases, so the current study was designed to clarify whether Fagonia cretica extract (FCE) can avoid Bisphenol A (BPA)-induced genotoxicity and biochemical alterations in rats. Sixty-three male rats were used in this experiment. These animals were distributed into nine groups (seven rats each): negative control, control of corn oil, positive control that were administrated BPA in corn oil (10 mg/kg. b.w.) for 3 weeks, three protection groups received the same dose of BPA in corn oil at the same period together with FCE (3.3, 4.2 and 5.0 g/kg) daily for 3 weeks, and three therapeutic groups received FCE alone at the same doses for 10 days after cessation of BPA treatment. Genetic and biochemical studies were conducted. Genetic studies involved DNA comet assay, micronucleus test, chromosome examination, and mitotic index analysis. Biochemical studies involved liver function (AST, ALT, ALph, and Bilirubin), kidney function (urea and creatinine contents), protein profile, MDA, and endogenous antioxidative system (SOD, CAT, and ACHE) as well as nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) contents in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues.
Results
The results demonstrated that the treatment with BPA induced a significant elevation in genetic abnormalities and deleterious effects in biochemical parameters in relation to untreated control. FCE treatment was found to be significantly diminished the massive damage in the genetic constituents and dangerous alterations in biochemical parameters with respect to BPA treatment alone. These enhancements were increased by increasing the dose level of FCE. Moreover, better results were clarified by utilizing FCE as a protective agent than its utilization as a therapeutic agent especially by using the high dose (5.0 g/kg), in which mostly genetic and biochemical alterations were observed to be restored towards natural levels.
Conclusions
These findings clarified a new insight into the protective effect of FCE in minimizing BPA-induced genotoxicity and biochemical changes in rats detecting the capability of such medicinal plant for alleviating the adverse effect of BPA.
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Hassan SM, Taha AM, Eldahshan OA, Sayed AA, Salem AM. Modulatory effect of Prosopis juliflora leaves on hepatic fibrogenic and fibrolytic alterations induced in rats by thioacetamide. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108788. [PMID: 31035010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antifibrotic effect of Prosopis juliflora leaves crude methanolic extract (PJEL) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. The phytochemical analysis of PJEL was performed via HPLC/MS in association with evaluating its free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities. The antifibrotic activity of PJEL was assessed by dividing Wistar rats into 8 groups: normal control, PJEL1-administered rats (2 mg/ Kg b.w.), PJEL2-administered rats (4 mg/ Kg b.w.), PJEL3-administered rats (8 mg/Kg b.w.), TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, TTA + PJEL1, TAA + PJEL2, and TAA + PJEL3. Results indicated that PJEL crude methanolic extract is rich in polyphenolic compounds and alkaloids. PJEL exerted free radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 123.5 μg/mL and cytotoxic activity against a well-differentiated hepatocellular cell line (IC50 = 11.1 μg/mL). PJEL at a dose of 4 mg/Kg b.w. ameliorated serum ALT activity and improved serum albumin level and hepatic hydroxyproline content in association with a reduction in the fibrosis stage. PJEL elevated hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 contents with less necrosis grade. PJEL post-therapy ameliorated the relative expression of Bcl-2, Col1A1, Mmp-9, and Mmp-2 genes in liver. CONCLUSION: PJEL possesses a good therapeutic activity against TAA-induced liver fibrosis via enhancing extracellular matrix removal and stimulating hepatic regeneration to decrease hepatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - AlShaimaa M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Children's Cancer Hospital, 57357, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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