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Choi J, Park SW, Lee H, Kim DH, Kim SW. Human Nasal Inferior Turbinate-Derived Neural Stem Cells Improve the Niche of Substantia Nigra Par Compacta in a Parkinson's Disease Model by Modulating Hippo Signaling. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:737-748. [PMID: 38600296 PMCID: PMC11187027 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, following Alzheimer's disease. The onset of PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Stem cell therapy has great potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and human nasal turbinate-derived stem cells (hNTSCs) have been found to share some characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells. Although the Hippo signaling pathway was originally thought to regulate cell size in organs, recent studies have shown that it can also control inflammation in neural cells. METHODS Dopaminergic neuron-like cells were differentiated from SH-SY5Y cells (DA-Like cells) and treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide to stimulate Reactive oxidative species (ROS) production. A transwell assay was conducted to validate the effect of hNTSCs on the Hippo pathway. We generated an MPTP-induced PD mouse model and transplanted hNTSCs into the substantia nigra of PD mice via stereotaxic surgery. After five weeks of behavioral testing, the brain samples were validated by immunoblotting and immunostaining to confirm the niche control of hNTSCs. RESULTS In-vitro experiments showed that hNTSCs significantly increased cell survival and exerted anti-inflammatory effects by controlling ROS-mediated ER stress and hippocampal signaling pathway factors. Similarly, the in-vivo experiments demonstrated an increase in anti-inflammatory effects and cell survival rate. After transplantation of hNTSCs, the PD mouse model showed improved mobility and relief from PD symptoms. CONCLUSION hNTSCs improved the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons by manipulating the hippocampal pathway through Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) by reducing inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we found that controlling the niche of hNTSCs had a therapeutic effect on PD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wha Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pérez-Gutiérrez AM, Carmona R, Loucera C, Cervilla JA, Gutiérrez B, Molina E, Lopez-Lopez D, Pérez-Florido J, Zarza-Rebollo JA, López-Isac E, Dopazo J, Martínez-González LJ, Rivera M. Mutational landscape of risk variants in comorbid depression and obesity: a next-generation sequencing approach. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02609-2. [PMID: 38806690 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Major depression (MD) and obesity are complex genetic disorders that are frequently comorbid. However, the study of both diseases concurrently remains poorly addressed and therefore the underlying genetic mechanisms involved in this comorbidity remain largely unknown. Here we examine the contribution of common and rare variants to this comorbidity through a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. Specific genomic regions of interest in MD and obesity were sequenced in a group of 654 individuals from the PISMA-ep epidemiological study. We obtained variants across the entire frequency spectrum and assessed their association with comorbid MD and obesity, both at variant and gene levels. We identified 55 independent common variants and a burden of rare variants in 4 genes (PARK2, FGF21, HIST1H3D and RSRC1) associated with the comorbid phenotype. Follow-up analyses revealed significantly enriched gene-sets associated with biological processes and pathways involved in metabolic dysregulation, hormone signaling and cell cycle regulation. Our results suggest that, while risk variants specific to the comorbid phenotype have been identified, the genes functionally impacted by the risk variants share cell biological processes and signaling pathways with MD and obesity phenotypes separately. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study involving a targeted sequencing approach toward the study of the comorbid MD and obesity. The framework presented here allowed a deep characterization of the genetics of the co-occurring MD and obesity, revealing insights into the mutational and functional profile that underlies this comorbidity and contributing to a better understanding of the relationship between these two disabling disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), U715, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Jorge A Cervilla
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Lopez-Lopez
- Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Florido
- Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), U715, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Zarza-Rebollo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena López-Isac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), U715, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martínez-González
- Genomics Unit, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Doskas T, Vadikolias K, Ntoskas K, Vavougios GD, Tsiptsios D, Stamati P, Liampas I, Siokas V, Messinis L, Nasios G, Dardiotis E. Neurocognitive Impairment and Social Cognition in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Neurol Int 2024; 16:432-449. [PMID: 38668129 PMCID: PMC11054167 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to motor symptoms, neurocognitive impairment (NCI) affects patients with prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD). NCI in PD ranges from subjective cognitive complaints to dementia. The purpose of this review is to present the available evidence of NCI in PD and highlight the heterogeneity of NCI phenotypes as well as the range of factors that contribute to NCI onset and progression. A review of publications related to NCI in PD up to March 2023 was performed using PubMed/Medline. There is an interconnection between the neurocognitive and motor symptoms of the disease, suggesting a common underlying pathophysiology as well as an interconnection between NCI and non-motor symptoms, such as mood disorders, which may contribute to confounding NCI. Motor and non-motor symptom evaluation could be used prognostically for NCI onset and progression in combination with imaging, laboratory, and genetic data. Additionally, the implications of NCI on the social cognition of afflicted patients warrant its prompt management. The etiology of NCI onset and its progression in PD is multifactorial and its effects are equally grave as the motor effects. This review highlights the importance of the prompt identification of subjective cognitive complaints in PD patients and NCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Doskas
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupoli, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (K.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupoli, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (K.V.); (D.T.)
| | | | - George D. Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyprus, 1678 Lefkosia, Cyprus
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupoli, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (K.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Polyxeni Stamati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Lambros Messinis
- School of Psychology, Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Behavioural Neuroscience, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Grigorios Nasios
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (P.S.); (I.L.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
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Harvey J, Pishva E, Chouliaras L, Lunnon K. Elucidating distinct molecular signatures of Lewy body dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106337. [PMID: 37918758 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia are common neurodegenerative diseases that share similar neuropathological profiles and spectra of clinical symptoms but are primarily differentiated by the order in which symptoms manifest. The question of whether a distinct molecular pathological profile could distinguish these disorders is yet to be answered. However, in recent years, studies have begun to investigate genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic differences that may differentiate these disorders, providing novel insights in to disease etiology. In this review, we present an overview of the clinical and pathological hallmarks of Lewy body dementias before summarizing relevant research into genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional and protein signatures in these diseases, with a particular interest in those resolving "omic" level changes. We conclude by suggesting future research directions to address current gaps and questions present within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Harvey
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ehsan Pishva
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonidas Chouliaras
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Specialist Dementia and Frailty Service, Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Epping, UK
| | - Katie Lunnon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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5
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Sheriff S, Shadfar S, Fitzhenry M, Amirkhani A, Gupta V, Salekdeh GH, Haynes PA, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Apolipoprotein ε in Brain and Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1311-1330. [PMID: 37199411 PMCID: PMC10389820 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that remains incurable and has become a major medical, social, and economic challenge worldwide. AD is characterized by pathological hallmarks of senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that damage the brain up to twenty years before a clinical diagnosis is made. Interestingly these pathological features have also been observed in retinal neurodegenerative diseases including age related macular degeneration (ARMD), glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR). An association of AD with these diseases has been suggested in epidemiological studies and several common pathological events and risk factors have been identified between these diseases. The E4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a well-established genetic risk factor for late onset AD. The ApoE ε4 allele is also associated with retinal neurodegenerative diseases however in contrast to AD, it is considered protective in AMD, likewise ApoE E2 allele, which is a protective factor for AD, has been implicated as a risk factor for AMD and glaucoma. This review summarizes the evidence on the effects of ApoE in retinal neurodegenerative diseases and discusses the overlapping molecular pathways in AD. The involvement of ApoE in regulating amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology, inflammation, vascular integrity, glucose metabolism and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Samran Sheriff
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Matthew Fitzhenry
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia.
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia.
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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6
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Morris R, Martini DN, Kelly VE, Smulders K, Ramsey K, Hiller A, Chung KA, Hu SC, Zabetian CP, Poston KL, Mata IF, Edwards KL, Lapidus J, Cholerton B, Montine TJ, Quinn JF, Horak F. Gait and balance in apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson's disease. Clin Park Relat Disord 2023; 9:100201. [PMID: 37252677 PMCID: PMC10209874 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gait and balance impairments are among the most troublesome and heterogeneous in Parkinson's disease (PD). This heterogeneity may, in part, reflect genetic variation. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has three major allelic variants (ε2, ε3 and ε4). Previous work has demonstrated that older adult (OA) APOE ε4 carriers demonstrate gait deficits. This study compared gait and balance measures between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in both OA and PD. Methods 334 people with PD (81 APOE ε4 carriers and 253 non-carriers) and 144 OA (41 carriers and 103 non-carriers) were recruited. Gait and balance were assessed using body-worn inertial sensors. Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) compared gait and balance characteristics between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in people with PD and OA, controlling for age, gender, and testing site. Results Gait and balance were worse in people with PD compared to OA. However, there were no differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either the OA or PD group. In addition, there were no significant group (OA/PD) by APOE ε4 status (carrier/non-carrier) interaction effects for any measures of gait or balance. Conclusions Although we found expected impairments in gait and balance in PD compared to OA, gait and balance characteristics did not differ between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either group. While APOE status did not impact gait and balance in this cross-sectional study, future work is needed to determine whether progression of gait and balance deficits is faster in PD APOE Ɛ4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Morris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas N. Martini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Valerie E. Kelly
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katrijn Smulders
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research Department, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katrina Ramsey
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amie Hiller
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Chung
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research Department, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research Department, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research Department, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen L. Edwards
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, US
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brenna Cholerton
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fay Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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7
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Alsayegh AA, Almohmadi NH, Saad HM, Batiha GE. Pros and cons for statins use and risk of Parkinson's disease: An updated perspective. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01063. [PMID: 36811160 PMCID: PMC9944858 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative brain disease (NBD) after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Statins are the most common lipid-lowering agents used in the management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular diseases (CVD) events. In addition, there is a controversial point regarding the role of serum lipids in the pathogenesis of PD. In this bargain, as statins reduce serum cholesterol so they affect the PD neuropathology in bidirectional ways either protective or harmful. Statins are not used in the management of PD, but they are frequently used in the cardiovascular disorders commonly associated with PD in the elderly population. Therefore, the use of statins in that population may affect PD outcomes. Concerning the potential role of statins on PD neuropathology, there are conflicts and controversies either protective against the development of PD or harmful by increasing the risk for the development of PD. Therefore, this review aimed to clarify the precise role of statins in PD regarding the pros and cons from published studies. Many studies suggest a protective role of statins against PD risk through the modulation of inflammatory and lysosomal signaling pathways. Nevertheless, other observations suggest that statin therapy may increase PD risk by diverse mechanisms including reduction of CoQ10. In conclusion, there are strong controversies regarding the protective role of statins in PD neuropathology. Therefore, retrospective and prospective studies are necessary in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition DepartmentApplied Medical Sciences College, Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition DepartmentCollege of Applied Medical SciencesUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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8
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Valiukas Z, Ephraim R, Tangalakis K, Davidson M, Apostolopoulos V, Feehan J. Immunotherapies for Alzheimer’s Disease—A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091527. [PMID: 36146605 PMCID: PMC9503401 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that falls under the umbrella of dementia and is characterised by the presence of highly neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau protein within the brain. Historically, treatments for AD have consisted of medications that can slow the progression of symptoms but not halt or reverse them. The shortcomings of conventional drugs have led to a growing need for novel, effective approaches to the treatment of AD. In recent years, immunotherapies have been at the forefront of these efforts. Briefly, immunotherapies utilise the immune system of the patient to treat a condition, with common immunotherapies for AD consisting of the use of monoclonal antibodies or vaccines. Most of these treatments target the production and deposition of Aβ due to its neurotoxicity, but treatments specifically targeting tau protein are being researched as well. These treatments have had great variance in their efficacy and safety, leading to a constant need for the research and development of new safe and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Valiukas
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Ramya Ephraim
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Kathy Tangalakis
- First Year College, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179892. [PMID: 36077289 PMCID: PMC9456500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A preponderance of evidence obtained from genetically modified mice and human population studies reveals the association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) deficiency and polymorphisms with pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity/diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. The human APOE gene is polymorphic with three major alleles, ε2, ε3 and ε4, encoding apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, respectively. The APOE gene is expressed in many cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, and in the brain. ApoE is present in subclasses of plasma lipoproteins, and it mediates the clearance of atherogenic lipoproteins from plasma circulation via its interaction with LDL receptor family proteins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Extracellular apoE also interacts with cell surface receptors and confers signaling events for cell regulation, while apoE expressed endogenously in various cell types regulates cell functions via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review article focuses on lipoprotein transport-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which apoE deficiency or polymorphisms contribute to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and neurological disorders.
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10
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Safdari Lord J, Soltani Rezaiezadeh J, Yekaninejad MS, Izadi P. The association of APOE genotype with COVID-19 disease severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13483. [PMID: 35931737 PMCID: PMC9356041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused the recent pandemic of respiratory infection, which threatened global health. The severity of the symptoms varies among affected individuals, from asymptotic or mild signs to severe or critical illness. Genetic predisposition explains the variation in disease severity among patients who suffer from severe symptoms without any known background risk factors. The present study was performed to show the association between APOE genotype and the severity of COVID-19 disease. The APOE genotype of 201 COVID-19 patients (101 patients with asymptomatic to mild form of the disease as the control group and 100 patients with severe to critical illness without any known background risk factors as the case group) were detected via multiplex tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method. Results showed that the e4 allele increased the risk of the COVID-19 infection severity more than five times and the e4/e4 genotype showed a 17-fold increase in the risk of severe disease. In conclusion, since our study design was based on the exclusion of patients with underlying diseases predisposing to severe form of COVID-19 and diseases related to the APOE gene in the study population, our results showed that the e4 genotype is independently associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other nations and to demonstrate the mechanisms behind the role of these alleles in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Safdari Lord
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Soltani Rezaiezadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Kramer P. Mitochondria-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:776936. [PMID: 35002678 PMCID: PMC8733591 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.776936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are the two best-known neurodegenerative diseases. Each is associated with the excessive aggregation in the brain and elsewhere of its own characteristic amyloid proteins. Yet the two afflictions have much in common and often the same amyloids play a role in both. These amyloids need not be toxic and can help regulate bile secretion, synaptic plasticity, and immune defense. Moreover, when they do form toxic aggregates, amyloids typically harm not just patients but their pathogens too. A major port of entry for pathogens is the gut. Keeping the gut’s microbe community (microbiota) healthy and under control requires that our cells’ main energy producers (mitochondria) support the gut-blood barrier and immune system. As we age, these mitochondria eventually succumb to the corrosive byproducts they themselves release, our defenses break down, pathogens or their toxins break through, and the side effects of inflammation and amyloid aggregation become problematic. Although it gets most of the attention, local amyloid aggregation in the brain merely points to a bigger problem: the systemic breakdown of the entire human superorganism, exemplified by an interaction turning bad between mitochondria and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kramer
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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12
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Green S, Perrott SL, McCleary A, Sleeman I, Maple-Grødem J, Counsell CE, Macleod AD. First delirium episode in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:92. [PMID: 34635668 PMCID: PMC8505483 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To define the incidence, predictors and prognosis of the first hospital delirium episode in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP), we identified the first hospital episode of delirium after diagnosis in the Parkinsonism Incidence in North-East Scotland (PINE) study, a prospective community-based incidence cohort of parkinsonism, using chart-based criteria to define delirium. Of 296 patients (189=PD, 107=AP [dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, vascular parkinsonism]), 152 developed delirium (PD = 98, AP = 54). Incidence of first hospital delirium episode per 100 person years was 8.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.6–9.9) in PD and 18.5 (95% CI 13.9–24.7) in AP. Independent predictors of delirium were atypical parkinsonism (Hazard ratio [HR] vs PD = 2.83 [95% CI 1.60–5.03], age in PD but not in AP (HR for 10-year increase 2.29 [95% CI 1.74–3.02]), baseline MMSE (HR = 0.94 [95% CI 0.89–0.99]), APOE ε4 in PD (HR 2.16 [95% CI 1.15–4.08]), and MAPT H1/H1 in PD (HR 2.08 [95% CI 1.08–4.00]). Hazards of dementia and death after delirium vs before delirium were increased (dementia: HR = 6.93 [95% CI 4.18–11.48] in parkinsonism; death: HR = 3.76 [95% CI 2.65–5.35] in PD, 1.59 [95% CI 1.04–2.42] in AP). Delirium is a common non-motor feature of PD and AP and is associated with increased hazards of dementia and mortality. Whether interventions for early identification and treatment improve outcomes requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Green
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sarah L Perrott
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Isobel Sleeman
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Carl E Counsell
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Angus D Macleod
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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13
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Liu G, Peng J, Liao Z, Locascio JJ, Corvol JC, Zhu F, Dong X, Maple-Grødem J, Campbell MC, Elbaz A, Lesage S, Brice A, Mangone G, Growdon JH, Hung AY, Schwarzschild MA, Hayes MT, Wills AM, Herrington TM, Ravina B, Shoulson I, Taba P, Kõks S, Beach TG, Cormier-Dequaire F, Alves G, Tysnes OB, Perlmutter JS, Heutink P, Amr SS, van Hilten JJ, Kasten M, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, Klein C, Barker RA, Williams-Gray CH, Marinus J, Scherzer CR. Genome-wide survival study identifies a novel synaptic locus and polygenic score for cognitive progression in Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2021; 53:787-793. [PMID: 33958783 PMCID: PMC8459648 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A key driver of patients' well-being and clinical trials for Parkinson's disease (PD) is the course that the disease takes over time (progression and prognosis). To assess how genetic variation influences the progression of PD over time to dementia, a major determinant for quality of life, we performed a longitudinal genome-wide survival study of 11.2 million variants in 3,821 patients with PD over 31,053 visits. We discover RIMS2 as a progression locus and confirm this in a replicate population (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.77, P = 2.78 × 10-11), identify suggestive evidence for TMEM108 (HR = 2.86, P = 2.09 × 10-8) and WWOX (HR = 2.12, P = 2.37 × 10-8) as progression loci, and confirm associations for GBA (HR = 1.93, P = 0.0002) and APOE (HR = 1.48, P = 0.001). Polygenic progression scores exhibit a substantial aggregate association with dementia risk, while polygenic susceptibility scores are not predictive. This study identifies a novel synaptic locus and polygenic score for cognitive disease progression in PD and proposes diverging genetic architectures of progression and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganqiang Liu
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajie Peng
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Liao
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frank Zhu
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Paris-Saclay University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Inserm, Gustave Roussy, 'Exposome and heredity' team, Centre de researche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Y Hung
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Hayes
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Wills
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Herrington
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ira Shoulson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Florence Cormier-Dequaire
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guido Alves
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ole-Bjørn Tysnes
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program of Physical Therapy and Program of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sami S Amr
- Translational Genomics Core of Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacobus J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roger A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johan Marinus
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Jo S, Kim SO, Park KW, Lee SH, Hwang YS, Chung SJ. The role of APOE in cognitive trajectories and motor decline in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7819. [PMID: 33837234 PMCID: PMC8035327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of the APOE genotype in cognitive and motor trajectories in Parkinson's disease (PD). Using PD registry data, we retrospectively investigated a total of 253 patients with PD who underwent the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) two or more times at least 5 years apart, were aged over 40 years, and free of dementia at the time of enrollment. We performed group-based trajectory modeling to identify patterns of cognitive change using the MMSE. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to investigate the role of the APOE genotype in cognitive and motor progression. Trajectory analysis divided patients into four groups: early fast decline, fast decline, gradual decline, and stable groups with annual MMSE scores decline of - 2.8, - 1.8, - 0.6, and - 0.1 points per year, respectively. The frequency of APOE ε4 was higher in patients in the early fast decline and fast decline groups (50.0%) than those in the stable group (20.1%) (p = 0.007). APOE ε4, in addition to older age at onset, depressive mood, and higher H&Y stage, was associated with the cognitive decline rate, but no APOE genotype was associated with motor progression. APOE genotype could be used to predict the cognitive trajectory in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyang Jo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seon-Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yun Su Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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15
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Pierzchlińska A, Kwaśniak-Butowska M, Sławek J, Droździk M, Białecka M. Arterial Blood Pressure Variability and Other Vascular Factors Contribution to the Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061523. [PMID: 33802165 PMCID: PMC8001922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is one of the most disabling non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Unlike in Alzheimer’s disease, the vascular pathology in PD is less documented. Due to the uncertain role of commonly investigated metabolic or vascular factors, e.g., hypertension or diabetes, other factors corresponding to PD dementia have been proposed. Associated dysautonomia and dopaminergic treatment seem to have an impact on diurnal blood pressure (BP) variability, which may presumably contribute to white matter hyperintensities (WMH) development and cognitive decline. We aim to review possible vascular and metabolic factors: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), as well as the dopaminergic treatment, in the etiopathogenesis of PD dementia. Additionally, we focus on the role of polymorphisms within the genes for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), apolipoprotein E (APOE), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system components, and their contribution to cognitive decline in PD. Determining vascular risk factors and their contribution to the cognitive impairment in PD may result in screening, as well as preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pierzchlińska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Magdalena Kwaśniak-Butowska
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland; (M.K.-B.); (J.S.)
- Department of Neurology, St Adalbert Hospital, Aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sławek
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland; (M.K.-B.); (J.S.)
- Department of Neurology, St Adalbert Hospital, Aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Monika Białecka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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16
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Tunold JA, Geut H, Rozemuller JMA, Henriksen SP, Toft M, van de Berg WDJ, Pihlstrøm L. APOE and MAPT Are Associated With Dementia in Neuropathologically Confirmed Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:631145. [PMID: 33613437 PMCID: PMC7892776 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.631145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive decline and dementia are common and debilitating non-motor phenotypic features of Parkinson's disease with a variable severity and time of onset. Common genetic variation of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and micro-tubule associated protein tau (MAPT) loci have been linked to cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinson's disease, although studies have yielded mixed results. To further elucidate the influence of APOE and MAPT variability on dementia in Parkinson's disease, we genotyped postmortem brain tissue samples of clinically and pathologically well-characterized Parkinson's donors and performed a survival analysis of time to dementia. Methods: We included a total of 152 neuropathologically confirmed Parkinson's disease donors with or without clinical dementia during life. We genotyped known risk variants tagging the APOE ε4 allele and MAPT H1/H2 inversion haplotype. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses adjusted for age at onset, sex and genetic principal components were performed to assess the association between the genetic variants and time from motor onset to onset of dementia. Results: We found that both the APOE ε4 allele (HR 1.82, 95 % CI 1.16–2.83, p = 0.009) and MAPT H1-haplotype (HR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.06–2.78, p = 0.03) were associated with earlier development of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: Our results provide further support for the importance of APOE ε4 and MAPT H1-haplotype in the etiology of Parkinson's disease dementia, with potential future relevance for risk stratification and patient selection for clinical trials of therapies targeting cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Anders Tunold
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanneke Geut
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J M Annemieke Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Multivariate prediction of dementia in Parkinson's disease. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 6:20. [PMID: 32885039 PMCID: PMC7447766 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-020-00121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is pervasive with potentially devastating effects. Identification of those at risk for cognitive decline is vital to identify and implement appropriate interventions. Robust multivariate approaches, including fixed-effect, mixed-effect, and multitask learning models, were used to study associations between biological, clinical, and cognitive factors and for predicting cognitive status longitudinally in a well-characterized prevalent PD cohort (n = 827). Age, disease duration, sex, and GBA status were the primary biological factors associated with cognitive status and progression to dementia. Specific cognitive tests were better predictors of subsequent cognitive status for cognitively unimpaired and dementia groups. However, these models could not accurately predict future mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Data collected from a large PD cohort thus revealed the primary biological and cognitive factors associated with dementia, and provide clinicians with data to aid in the identification of risk for dementia. Sex differences and their potential relationship to genetic status are also discussed.
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" Bridging the Gap" Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010296. [PMID: 31906252 PMCID: PMC6982247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is the first step of personalized medicine and patient-centred care, an essential development to achieve the standard goal of a holistic approach to patients and diseases. By addressing the interrelation and integration of biological markers (i.e., sex) with indicators of psychological/cultural behaviour (i.e., gender), gender medicine represents the crucial assumption for achieving the personalized health-care required in the third millennium. However, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are often misused as synonyms, leading to frequent misunderstandings in those who are not deeply involved in the field. Overall, we have to face the evidence that biological, genetic, epigenetic, psycho-social, cultural, and environmental factors mutually interact in defining sex/gender differences, and at the same time in establishing potential unwanted sex/gender disparities. Prioritizing the role of sex/gender in physiological and pathological processes is crucial in terms of efficient prevention, clinical signs’ identification, prognosis definition, and therapy optimization. In this regard, the omics-approach has become a powerful tool to identify sex/gender-specific disease markers, with potential benefits also in terms of socio-psychological wellbeing for each individual, and cost-effectiveness for National Healthcare systems. “Being a male or being a female” is indeed important from a health point of view and it is no longer possible to avoid “sex and gender lens” when approaching patients. Accordingly, personalized healthcare must be based on evidence from targeted research studies aimed at understanding how sex and gender influence health across the entire life span. The rapid development of genetic tools in the molecular medicine approaches and their impact in healthcare is an example of highly specialized applications that have moved from specialists to primary care providers (e.g., pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications in routine medical practice). Gender medicine needs to follow the same path and become an established medical approach. To face the genetic, molecular and pharmacological bases of the existing sex/gender gap by means of omics approaches will pave the way to the discovery and identification of novel drug-targets/therapeutic protocols, personalized laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures (sex/gender-omics). In this scenario, the aim of the present review is not to simply resume the state-of-the-art in the field, rather an opportunity to gain insights into gender medicine, spanning from molecular up to social and psychological stances. The description and critical discussion of some key selected multidisciplinary topics considered as paradigmatic of sex/gender differences and sex/gender inequalities will allow to draft and design strategies useful to fill the existing gap and move forward.
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Poor Oral Health and Its Neurological Consequences: Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis Involvement in Cognitive Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-019-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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