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Fathian F, Gjestad R, Kroken RA, Løberg EM, Reitan SK, Fleichhacker WW, Rettenbacher M, Larsen TK, Joa I, Stabell LA, Kjelby E, Sinkevicute I, Alisauskiene R, Steen VM, Johnsen E. Association between C-reactive protein levels and antipsychotic treatment during 12 months follow-up period after acute psychosis. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:174-183. [PMID: 35131596 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential role of inflammatory pathways in the pathology of schizophrenia has been suggested for at least a subgroup of patients. Elevated levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) have been observed, with associations to pathogenesis and symptoms. The current evidence regarding effects of antipsychotics on CRP levels is ambiguous. OBJECTIVES To examine and compare the influence on CRP levels of three pharmacologically diverse new generation antipsychotics during a one-year follow-up in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. METHODS In a multicenter, pragmatic and rater-blinded randomized trial, the effects of amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine were compared in 128 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. All had positive symptoms of psychosis at study entry. Clinical and laboratory assessments including the measurement of CRP levels were conducted at baseline, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 26, 39, and 52 weeks thereafter. RESULTS For all antipsychotic drugs analysed together, there was an increase in CRP levels during the one-year follow-up. Aripiprazole, as opposed to amisulpride and olanzapine, was associated with a reduced CRP level after one week, after which the CRP level caught up with the other drugs. Compared to those previously exposed to antipsychotic drugs, antipsychotic-naïve patients had lower CRP levels at all follow-up time points, but with the same temporal patterns of change. CONCLUSION Treatment with amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine showed different effects on CRP levels in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, modified by previous antipsychotics exposure status. This finding suggests that antipsychotic drugs may vary with respect to their influence on pro-inflammatory pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01446328; URL: http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farivar Fathian
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rolf Gjestad
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else-Marie Løberg
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solveig Klæbo Reitan
- Department of Mental Health, St. Olav University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - W Wolfgang Fleichhacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Rettenbacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tor K Larsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Health, Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lena Antonsen Stabell
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Kjelby
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Igne Sinkevicute
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renata Alisauskiene
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Jankowska U, Skupien-Rabian B, Swiderska B, Prus G, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Kedracka-Krok S. Proteome Analysis of PC12 Cells Reveals Alterations in Translation Regulation and Actin Signaling Induced by Clozapine. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2097-2111. [PMID: 34024016 PMCID: PMC8254727 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although antipsychotics are routinely used in the treatment of schizophrenia for the last decades, their precise mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we investigated changes in the PC12 cells’ proteome under the influence of clozapine, risperidone, and haloperidol to identify protein pathways regulated by antipsychotics. Analysis of the protein profiles in two time points: after 12 and 24 h of incubation with drugs revealed significant alterations in 510 proteins. Further canonical pathway analysis revealed an inhibition of ciliary trophic factor signaling after treatment with haloperidol and showed a decrease in acute phase response signaling in the risperidone group. Interestingly, all tested drugs have caused changes in PC12 proteome which correspond to inhibition of cytokines: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). We also found that the 12-h incubation with clozapine caused up-regulation of protein kinase A signaling and translation machinery. After 24 h of treatment with clozapine, the inhibition of the actin cytoskeleton signaling and Rho proteins signaling was revealed. The obtained results suggest that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2) play a central role in the signal transduction of clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a str, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bozena Skupien-Rabian
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a str, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bianka Swiderska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Prus
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, Poland
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Lin FL, Yen JL, Kuo YC, Kang JJ, Cheng YW, Huang WJ, Hsiao G. HADC8 Inhibitor WK2-16 Therapeutically Targets Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Neuroinflammation and Microglial Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020410. [PMID: 30669368 PMCID: PMC6359084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial activation and neuroinflammatory processes play important roles in the pathogenesis of brain abscess and neurodegenerative diseases. Activated glial cells can secrete various proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators, which contribute to the exacerbation of neuronal cell death. The inhibition of glial activation has been shown to alleviate neurodegenerative conditions. The present study was to investigate the specific HDAC8 inhibitor WK2-16, especially its effects on the neuroinflammatory responses through glial inactivation. WK2-16 significantly reduced the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9, and expression of COX-2/iNOS proteins in striatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice. The treatment of WK2-16 markedly improved neurobehavioral deficits. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that WK2-16 reduced LPS-stimulated astrogliosis and microglial activation in situ. Consistently, cellular studies revealed that WK2-16 significantly suppressed LPS-induced mouse microglia BV-2 cell proliferation. WK2-16 was proven to concentration-dependently induce the levels of acetylated SMC3 in microglial BV-2 cells. It also reduced the expression of COX-2/iNOS proteins and TNF-α production in LPS-activated microglial BV-2 cells. The signaling studies demonstrated that WK2-16 markedly inhibited LPS-activated STAT-1/-3 and Akt activation, but not NF-κB or MAPK signaling. In summary, the HDAC8 inhibitor WK2-16 exhibited neuroprotective effects through its anti-neuroinflammation and glial inactivation properties, especially in microglia in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112-21, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112-21, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
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