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Li Y, Liu J, Yao D, Guo Z, Jiang X, Zhang C, Qu L, Liu Y, Hu Y, Gao L, Wang Y, Xu Y. Elevated aerobic glycolysis driven by p62-mTOR axis promotes arsenic-induced oncogenic phenotypes in human mammary epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1369-1381. [PMID: 38485781 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure is considered to increase the risk of breast cancer. p62 is a multifunctional adaptor protein that controls myriad cellular processes and is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. Although previous studies have indicated the involvement of p62 accumulation in arsenic tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here, we found that 0.1 µM or 0.5 µM arsenite exposure for 24 weeks induced oncogenic phenotypes in human mammary epithelial cells. Elevated aerobic glycolysis, cell proliferation capacity, and activation of p62-mTOR pathway, as indicated by increased protein levels of p62, phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), were observed in chronically arsenite-exposed cells, and of note in advance of the onset of oncogenic phenotypes. Moreover, p62 silencing inhibited acquisition of oncogenic phenotypes in arsenite-exposed cells. The protein levels of p-mTOR and HIF1α, as well as aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation, were suppressed by p62 knockdown. In addition, re-activation of p‑mTOR reversed the inhibitory effects of p62 knockdown. Collectively, our data suggest that p62 exerts an oncogenic role via mTORC1 activation and acts as a key player in glucose metabolism during arsenite-induced malignant transformation, which provides a new mechanistic clue for the arsenite carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianqi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuheng Jiang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Litong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng Y, Huang Z, Zhao Y, Huang L, Wang J, Li H, Chen X, Wang J, Xie J. Mechanism of ameliorating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by antioxidant inhibition of autophagy based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7474-7486. [PMID: 38669115 PMCID: PMC11087111 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is one of the most difficult challenges in cerebrovascular disease research. It is primarily caused by excessive autophagy induced by oxidative stress. Previously, a novel compound X5 was found, and the excellent antioxidant activity of it was verified in this study. Moreover, network pharmacological analysis suggested that compound X5 was closely associated with autophagy and the mTOR pathway. In vitro, X5 could significantly inhibit the expression of autophagy proteins Beclin-1 and LC3-β, which are induced by H2O2, and promote the expression of SIRT1. In vivo, compound X5 significantly reduced the infarct size and improved the neurological function scores in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats. In conclusion, ROS-induced autophagy is closely related to mTOR, SIRT1 and others, and X5 holds promise as a candidate for the treatment of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantie Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Health, Chongqing Industry and Trade Polytechnic, Chongqing, China
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3
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Xu G, Peng H, Yao R, Yang Y, Li B. TFEB and TFE3 cooperate in regulating inorganic arsenic-induced autophagy-lysosome impairment and immuno-dysfunction in primary dendritic cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:4. [PMID: 38267572 PMCID: PMC10808261 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a prevalent and hazardous environmental toxicant associated with cancer and various health problems, which has been shown suppressive effects on dendritic cells (DCs). Autophagy is essential for the innate and adaptive immune responses of DCs, and the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 are key regulators of autophagic and lysosomal target genes. However, the detrimental alterations of the autophagy-lysosome pathway in As-exposed DCs and the possible coordinating roles of TFEB and TFE3 in the immune dysfunction of this cell are less understood. In this paper, we found that As exposure significantly impaired lysosomal number, lysosomal acidic environment, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, which might lead to blocked autophagic flux in cultured DCs. Furthermore, our results confirmed that TFEB or TFE3 knockdown exacerbated the disorders of lysosome and the blockade of autophagic flux in As-exposed DCs, and also enhanced the inhibitory expression of co-stimulatory molecules Cd80 and Cd83; adhesion molecule Icam1; cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; chemokine receptor Ccr7; and antigen-presenting molecules MHC II and MHC I. By contrast, overexpression of TFEB or TFE3 partially alleviated the above-mentioned impairment of DCs by inorganic As exposure. In conclusion, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated inhibition of lysosome-mediated degradation and damage of lysosomal membrane integrity leading to dysregulated autophagy and impaired immune functions of DCs by arsenicals, and also suggest TFEB and TFE3 as potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating As toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaguang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araújo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, Santos de Argollo Haber L, Donizeti Roque D, Dib Bechara M, Vialogo Marques de Castro M, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, José Tofano R, Jasmin Santos German Borgo I, Maria Barbalho S. Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305933. [PMID: 38259497 PMCID: PMC10800801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a significant contributing factor. It involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due to limited effectiveness regarding the inhibition of neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth in the search for innovative therapies for alleviating neuroinflammation in CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling and Expression, Cold Exposure, and Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise to mitigate neuroinflammatory processes. These approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. While the findings are promising, immunomodulatory therapies often face limitations due to Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, the conduction of randomized clinical trials in this matter is mandatory, and will pave the way for a promising future in the development of new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Machado Galhardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domingos Donizeti Roque
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German Borgo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Feng R, Liu J, Yang Z, Yao T, Ye P, Li X, Zhang J, Jiang H. Realgar-Induced Neurotoxicity: Crosstalk Between the Autophagic Flux and the p62-NRF2 Feedback Loop Mediates p62 Accumulation to Promote Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6001-6017. [PMID: 37400749 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Realgar is a traditional Chinese medicine that contains arsenic. It has been reported that the abuse of medicine-containing realgar has potential central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, but the toxicity mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we established an in vivo realgar exposure model and selected the end product of realgar metabolism, DMA, to treat SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. Many assays, including behavioral, analytical chemistry, and molecular biology, were used to elucidate the roles of the autophagic flux and the p62-NRF2 feedback loop in realgar-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that arsenic could accumulate in the brain, causing cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior. Realgar impairs the ultrastructure of neurons, promotes apoptosis, perturbs autophagic flux homeostasis, amplifies the p62-NRF2 feedback loop, and leads to p62 accumulation. Further analysis showed that realgar promotes the formation of the Beclin1-Vps34 complex by activating JNK/c-Jun to induce autophagy and recruit p62. Meanwhile, realgar inhibits the activities of CTSB and CTSD and changes the acidity of lysosomes, leading to the inhibition of p62 degradation and p62 accumulation. Moreover, the amplified p62-NRF2 feedback loop is involved in the accumulation of p62. Its accumulation promotes neuronal apoptosis by upregulating the expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-9, resulting in neurotoxicity. Taken together, these data suggest that realgar can perturb the crosstalk between the autophagic flux and the p62-NRF2 feedback loop to mediate p62 accumulation, promote apoptosis, and induce neurotoxicity. Realgar promotes p62 accumulation to produce neurotoxicity by perturbing the autophagic flux and p62-NRF2 feedback loop crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China
| | - Tiantian Yao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiuhan Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shengyang, 110122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province On Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shengyang, 110122, China.
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Chu J, Xiang Y, Lin X, He M, Wang Y, Ma Q, Duan J, Sun S. Handelin protects human skin keratinocytes against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage via autophagy activation by regulating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 743:109646. [PMID: 37225010 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Handelin is a natural ingredient extracted from Chrysanthemum boreale flowers that has been shown to decrease stress-related cell death, prolong lifespan, and promote anti-photoaging. However, whether handelin inhibits ultraviolet (UV) B stress-induced photodamage remains unclear. In the present study, we investigate whether handelin has protective properties on skin keratinocytes under UVB irradiation. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT keratinocytes) were pretreated with handelin for 12 h before UVB irradiation. The results indicated that handelin protects keratinocytes against UVB-induced photodamage by activating autophagy. However, the photoprotective effect of handelin was suppressed by an autophagic inhibitor (wortmannin) or the transfection of keratinocytes with a small interfering RNA targeting ATG5. Notably, handelin reduced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in UVB-irradiated cells in a manner similar to that shown by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was also induced by handelin in UVB-damaged keratinocytes. Finally, certain effects of handelin, including autophagy induction, mTOR activity inhibition, AMPK activation, and reduction of cytotoxicity, were suppressed by an AMPK inhibitor (compound C). Our data suggest that handelin effectively prevents photodamage by protecting skin keratinocytes against UVB-induced cytotoxicity via the regulation of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. These findings provide novel insights that can aid the development of therapeutic agents against UVB-induced keratinocyte photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Chu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI), Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianghong Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Cosmetology Teaching and Research Section, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Medical Cosmetology Teaching and Research Section, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingxian Duan
- Medical Cosmetology Teaching and Research Section, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Sunjiao Sun
- Medical Cosmetology Teaching and Research Section, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China.
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Inhibition of p62 and/or NFE2L2 induced autophagy impaires esophageal squamous cell cancer metastasis by reversing EMT. Gene 2023; 858:147194. [PMID: 36641074 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) pathogenesis is influenced by both NFE2L2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), also known as p62. However, while there is evidence that these two proteins can interact with one another in a range of pathological contexts, whether these interactions govern the development or progression of ESCC remains unknown. In the present study, analyses of the GEPIA database revealed the simultaneous upregulation of both NFE2L2 and p62 in ESCC, as was further confirmed through biochemical analyses conducted with a human tumor microarray. Knocking down the expression of one or both of these factors demonstrated that both p62 and NFE2L2 mediate the progression of ESCC, as such downregulation altered the morphological characteristics of these cells and suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Strikingly, these experiments revealed synergistic interactions between NFE2L2 and p62 in the promotion of ESCC invasivity and EMT induction. The treatment of cells with the autophagy inhibitors 3-MA, however, was sufficient to partially reverse the anti-metastatic effects of knocking down p62 and/or NFE2L2. Together, these data illustrate the ability of p62 and NFE2L2 to function in a synergistic manner, promoting ESCC cell metastatic progression and EMT induction through mechanisms linked to autophagic activity. As such, efforts to simultaneously target both of these proteins may represent a viable means of providing new treatment options to ESCC patients.
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8
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Tian Y, Liu H, Wang M, Wang R, Yi G, Zhang M, Chen R. Role of STAT3 and NRF2 in Tumors: Potential Targets for Antitumor Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248768. [PMID: 36557902 PMCID: PMC9781355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2, also known as NFE2L2), are two of the most complicated transcription regulators, which participate in a variety of physiological processes. Numerous studies have shown that they are overactivated in multiple types of tumors. Interestingly, STAT3 and NRF2 can also interact with each other to regulate tumor progression. Hence, these two important transcription factors are considered key targets for developing a new class of antitumor drugs. This review summarizes the pivotal roles of the two transcription regulators and their interactions in the tumor microenvironment to identify potential antitumor drug targets and, ultimately, improve patients' health and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Tian
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Institute of Basic Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250024, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Ruihao Wang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Guandong Yi
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Ruijiao Chen
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-537-361-6216
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Wu R, Chen X, Wu H, Hu Y, Wang G, Wang H, Yang B, Fu J, Gao Y, Pi J, Xu Y. Nrf2 activation contributes to hepatic tumor-augmenting effects of developmental arsenic exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155685. [PMID: 35523338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developmental arsenic exposure increases cancer risk in later life with the mechanism elusive. Oxidative stress is a dominant determinant in arsenic toxicity. However, the role of Nrf2, a key regulator in antioxidative response, in tumor-augmenting effects by developmental arsenic exposure is unclear. In the present study, wild-type C57BL/6J and Nrf2-konckout (Nrf2-KO) were developmentally exposed to inorganic arsenic via drinking water. For hepatic tumorigenesis analysis, mice were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at two weeks of age. Developmental arsenic exposure aggravated tumor multiplicity and burden, and expression of PCNA and AFP in hepatic tumors induced by DEN. Nrf2 activation as indicated by over-expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes, including Gss, Gsr, p62, Gclc and Gclm, was found in liver tumors, as well as in the livers in developmentally arsenic-exposed pups at weaning. Notably, Nrf2 deficiency attenuated tumor-augmenting effects and over-expression of Nrf2 downstream genes due to developmental arsenic exposure. Furthermore, the levels of urinary DEN metabolite (acetaldehyde) and hepatic DNA damage markers (O6-ethyl-2-deoxyguanosine adducts and γ-histone H2AX) after DEN treatment were elevated by Nrf2 agonist, 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide. Collectively, our data suggest that augmentation of DEN-induced hepatic tumorigenesis by developmental arsenic exposure is dependent on Nrf2 activation, which may be related to the role of Nrf2 in DEN metabolic activation. Our findings reveal, at least in part, the mechanism underlying increased susceptibility to developing cancer due to developmental arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hengchao Wu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bei Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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10
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Manda G, Milanesi E, Genc S, Niculite CM, Neagoe IV, Tastan B, Dragnea EM, Cuadrado A. Pros and cons of NRF2 activation as adjunctive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:179-201. [PMID: 35964840 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with an important inflammatory component accompanied by deregulated redox-dependent signaling pathways that are feeding back into inflammation. In this context, we bring into focus the transcription factor NRF2, a master redox regulator that exerts exquisite antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The review does not intend to be exhaustive, but to point out arguments sustaining the rationale for applying an NRF2-directed co-treatment in RA as well as its potential limitations. The involvement of NRF2 in RA is emphasized through an analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data on NRF2 target genes and the findings from NRF2-knockout mice. The impact of NRF2 on concurrent pathologic mechanisms in RA is explained by its crosstalk with major redox-sensitive inflammatory and cell death-related pathways, in the context of the increased survival of pathologic cells in RA. The proposed adjunctive therapy targeted to NRF2 is further sustained by the existence of promising NRF2 activators that are in various stages of drug development. The interference of NRF2 with conventional anti-rheumatic therapies is discussed, including the cytoprotective effects of NRF2 for alleviating drug toxicity. From another perspective, the review presents how NRF2 activation would be decreasing the efficacy of synthetic anti-rheumatic drugs by increasing drug efflux. Future perspectives regarding pharmacologic NRF2 activation in RA are finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sermin Genc
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cristina Mariana Niculite
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Victoria Neagoe
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bora Tastan
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elena Mihaela Dragnea
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Liu S, Pi J, Zhang Q. Signal amplification in the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE antioxidant response pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102389. [PMID: 35792437 PMCID: PMC9287733 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2-ARE signaling pathway plays a central role in mediating the adaptive cellular stress response to oxidative and electrophilic chemicals. This canonical pathway has been extensively studied and reviewed in the past two decades, but rarely was it looked at from a quantitative signaling perspective. Signal amplification, i.e., ultrasensitivity, is crucially important for robust induction of antioxidant genes to appropriate levels that can adequately counteract the stresses. In this review article, we examined a number of well-known molecular events in the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE pathway from a quantitative perspective with a focus on how signal amplification can be achieved. We illustrated, by using a series of mathematical models, that redox-regulated protein sequestration, stabilization, translation, nuclear trafficking, DNA promoter binding, and transcriptional induction - which are embedded in the molecular network comprising KEAP1, NRF2, sMaf, p62, and BACH1 - may generate highly ultrasensitive NRF2 activation and antioxidant gene induction. The emergence and degree of ultrasensitivity depend on the strengths of protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction and protein abundances. A unique, quantitative understanding of signal amplification in the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE pathway will help to identify sensitive targets for the prevention and therapeutics of oxidative stress-related diseases and develop quantitative adverse outcome pathway models to facilitate the health risk assessment of oxidative chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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12
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Wang DK, Zheng HL, Zhou WS, Duan ZW, Jiang SD, Li B, Zheng XF, Jiang LS. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1569-1582. [PMID: 35673928 PMCID: PMC9363752 DOI: 10.1111/os.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the most common contributor to low back pain (LBP). Recent studies have found that oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in IVDD. As a by‐product of aerobic respiration, ROS is mainly produced in the mitochondria by the electron transport chain and other mitochondrial located proteins. With the excessive accumulation of ROS, mitochondria are also the primary target of ROS attack in disc cells. A disrupted balance between intracellular ROS production and antioxidant capacity will lead to oxidative stress, which is the key contributor to cell apoptosis, cell senescence, excessive autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. As the pivotal ingredient of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction manifests as imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics and dysregulated mitophagy. Mitochondria can alter their own dynamics through the process of fusion and fission, so that disabled mitochondria can be separated from the mitochondrial pool. Moreover, mitophagy participates by clearing these dysfunctional mitochondria. Abnormality in any of these processes either increases the production or decreases the clearance of ROS, leading to a vicious cycle that results in the death of intervertebral disc cells in large quantities, combined with degradation of the extracellular matrix and overproduction of matrix metalloproteinase. In this review, we explain the changes in mitochondrial morphology and function during oxidative stress‐mediated IVDD and highlight the important role of mitochondria in this process. Eventually, we summarize the IVDD therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction based on current understanding of the role of oxidative stress in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Kai Wang
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huo-Liang Zheng
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Dan Jiang
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zheng
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Yin Y, Peng H, Shao J, Zhang J, Li Y, Pi J, Guo J. NRF2 deficiency sensitizes human keratinocytes to zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103721. [PMID: 34339875 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most commonly used metal oxide particles in many industrial fields. Many studies have shown that ZnO NPs induce harmful effects to human skin, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our results showed that ZnO NPs concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity, ROS accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HaCaT cells. The expressions of adaptive antioxidant response transcriptional factor NRF2 and autophagy-related proteins P62 and LC3 II/I were increased by ZnO NPs. Knock-down of NRF2 (NRF2-KD) sensitized the cells to ZnO NPs-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity while an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, protected the cells from ZnO NPs-induced cell death. These results demonstrated that NRF2 deficiency sensitizes human keratinocytes to ZnO NPs induced autophagy and cytotoxicity, and proposed a key role of NRF2 in protecting skin cells against ZnO NPs through regulation of antioxidants and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Junbo Shao
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Back District, Dongcheng Area, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Jiabin Guo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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14
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Panieri E, Saso L. Inhibition of the NRF2/KEAP1 Axis: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Alter Redox Balance of Cancer Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1428-1483. [PMID: 33403898 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2/KEAP1) pathway is a crucial and highly conserved defensive system that is required to maintain or restore the intracellular homeostasis in response to oxidative, electrophilic, and other types of stress conditions. The tight control of NRF2 function is maintained by a complex network of biological interactions between positive and negative regulators that ultimately ensure context-specific activation, culminating in the NRF2-driven transcription of cytoprotective genes. Recent Advances: Recent studies indicate that deregulated NRF2 activation is a frequent event in malignant tumors, wherein it is associated with metabolic reprogramming, increased antioxidant capacity, chemoresistance, and poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, the growing interest in the modulation of the cancer cells' redox balance identified NRF2 as an ideal therapeutic target. Critical Issues: For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify potent and selective NRF2 inhibitors that might be used as single agents or adjuvants of anticancer drugs with redox disrupting properties. Despite the lack of specific NRF2 inhibitors still represents a major clinical hurdle, the researchers have exploited alternative strategies to disrupt NRF2 signaling at different levels of its biological activation. Future Directions: Given its dualistic role in tumor initiation and progression, the identification of the appropriate biological context of NRF2 activation and the specific clinicopathological features of patients cohorts wherein its inactivation is expected to have clinical benefits, will represent a major goal in the field of cancer research. In this review, we will briefly describe the structure and function of the NRF2/ KEAP1 system and some of the most promising NRF2 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds and drug repurposing. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1428-1483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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15
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Yin W, Xu J, Mao Y. Synergistic effects of autophagy inhibitors combined with cisplatin against cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal cancer cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:322-329. [PMID: 34038188 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the synergistic effects of autophagy inhibitors combined with cisplatin against cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal cancer cells by treating HNE-1 and cisplatin (diamminedichloroplatinum; DDP)-resistant HNE1/DDP nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines with DDP, autophagy inhibitors, or a combination of autophagy inhibitors and DDP. Cell viability was determined via MTT (colorimetric) and colony-forming assays, and the rate of apoptosis was determined using propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V double-staining. The expressions of proteins were determined by Western blotting. For our in-vivo studies, a murine xenograft model was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of the combination of autophagy inhibitor and DDP. The results showed that treatment with DDP increased the expressions of ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1), ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 1 (ABCC1), and P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp) in the HNE1/DDP cell lines. Treatment with chloroquine decreased the expression levels of ABCB1, ABCC1, and P-gp, and increased the formation of LC3-II and the expression levels of p62 in the HNE1/DDP cells. Additionally, the combination of autophagy inhibitors and DDP produced a synergistic effect on DDP-induced cell death and apoptosis. Furthermore, the combination of the autophagy inhibitor and DDP showed significant anti-tumor effects in the xenograft mouse model. In summary, autophagy inhibitors show synergistic anti-tumor effects with DDP in vitro against DDP-resistant nasopharyngeal cancer cells and in vivo in our xenograft murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 34 Yanguanxiang, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiande Second People's Hospital, No. 223 Zongfu Street, Meicheng Town, Jiande Zheijang 311064, China
| | - Yanjiao Mao
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 34 Yanguanxiang, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310002, China
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16
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Hseu YC, Vudhya Gowrisankar Y, Wang LW, Zhang YZ, Chen XZ, Huang PJ, Yen HR, Yang HL. The in vitro and in vivo depigmenting activity of pterostilbene through induction of autophagy in melanocytes and inhibition of UVA-irradiated α-MSH in keratinocytes via Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102007. [PMID: 34049220 PMCID: PMC8167190 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (Pt) is a natural polyphenol found in blueberries and several grape varieties. Pt's pharmacological importance was well documented. Nevertheless, the depigmenting effects are not demonstrated. We evaluated the Pt's depigmenting effects through autophagy induction in B16F10 cells and inhibition of UVA (3 J/cm2)-irradiated α-MSH in keratinocyte HaCaT cells via Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways. Pt (2.5–5μM) attenuated ROS production and downregulated the POMC/α-MSH pathway in HaCaT cells. The conditioned medium-derived from UVA-irradiated HaCaT pretreated with Pt suppressed melanogenesis in B16F10 through MITF-CREB-tyrosinase pathway downregulation. Interestingly, Pt-induced HaCaT autophagy was revealed by enhanced LC3-II accumulation, p62/SQSTM1 activation, and AVO formation. Pt significantly decreased melanosome gp100 but increased LC3-II levels in HaCaT cells exposed to B16F10-derived melanin. Pt activated and facilitated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in HaCaT cells leading to increased HO-1, γ-GCLC, and NQO-1 antioxidant protein expression. ERK, AMPK, and ROS pathways mediate the Nrf2 activation. However, Nrf2 knockdown suppressed Pt's antioxidant ability leading to uncontrolled ROS and α-MSH levels after UVA-irradiation suggested the essentiality of the Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells, Pt (10–30 μM) downregulated the MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1/-2, and melanin expression. Further, Pt showed potent anti-melanogenic effects through autophagy induction mechanism in B16F10 cells, verified by increased LC3-II/p62 levels, AVO formation, and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 ratio, decreased ATG4B levels and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Transmission electron microscopy provided direct evidence by showing autophagosomes engulfing melanosomes following Pt treatment in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Moreover, Pt-induced anti-melanogenic activity through the downregulation of CREB-MITF pathway-mediated TRP-1/-2, tyrosinase expressions, melanosome formation, and melanin synthesis was substantially reversed due to 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) pretreatment or LC3 silencing in B16F10 cells. In vivo results also confirmed that Pt-inhibited tyrosinase expression/activity and endogenous pigmentation in the zebrafish model. Therefore, pterostilbene is a potent skin-whitening and antioxidant agent and could be used in skin-whitening formulations as a topical applicant. Pt inhibits ROS-mediated POMC/α-MSH pathway in UVA-irradiated HaCaT cells. Pt activates Nrf2-mediated HO-1, γ-GCLC, and NQO-1 expression in HaCaT cells. Pt-induces autophagy in B16F10 cells leading to melanogenesis inhibition. Pt-mediates anti-melanogenic mechanisms in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Pt-inhibits tyrosinase expression and endogenous pigmentation in zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | | | - Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Xuan-Zao Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Jane Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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17
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Schmidlin CJ, Shakya A, Dodson M, Chapman E, Zhang DD. The intricacies of NRF2 regulation in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:110-119. [PMID: 34020028 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex role of NRF2 in the context of cancer continues to evolve. As a transcription factor, NRF2 regulates various genes involved in redox homeostasis, protein degradation, DNA repair, and xenobiotic metabolism. As such, NRF2 is critical in preserving cell function and viability, particularly during stress. Importantly, NRF2 itself is regulated via a variety of mechanisms, and the mode of NRF2 activation often dictates the duration of NRF2 signaling and its role in either preventing cancer initiation or promoting cancer progression. Herein, different modes of NRF2 regulation, including oxidative stress, autophagy dysfunction, protein-protein interactions, and epigenetics, as well as pharmacological modulators targeting this cascade in cancer, are explored. Specifically, how the timing and duration of these different mechanisms of NRF2 induction affect tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis are discussed. Additionally, progress in the discovery and development of NRF2 inhibitors for the treatment of NRF2-addicted cancers is highlighted, including modulators that inhibit specific NRF2 downstream targets. Overall, a better understanding of the intricate nature of NRF2 regulation in specific cancer contexts should facilitate the generation of novel therapeutics designed to not only prevent tumor initiation, but also halt progression and ultimately improve patient wellbeing and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Schmidlin
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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The Role of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Nrf2 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050630. [PMID: 33918986 PMCID: PMC8142989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants, serves as one of the key defensive factors against a range of pathological processes such as oxidative damage, carcinogenesis, as well as various harmful chemicals, including metals. An increase in human exposure to toxic metals via air, food, and water has been recently observed, which is mainly due to anthropogenic activities. The relationship between environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni), as well as metaloid arsenic (As), and transition metal chromium (Cr), and the development of various human diseases has been extensively investigated. Their ability to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through direct and indirect actions and cause oxidative stress has been documented in various organs. Taking into account that Nrf2 signaling represents an important pathway in maintaining antioxidant balance, recent research indicates that it can play a dual role depending on the specific biological context. On one side, Nrf2 represents a potential crucial protective mechanism in metal-induced toxicity, but on the other hand, it can also be a trigger of metal-induced carcinogenesis under conditions of prolonged exposure and continuous activation. Thus, this review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the functional interrelation between the toxic metals and Nrf2 signaling.
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19
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Zhong J, Fang L, Chen R, Xu J, Guo D, Guo C, Guo C, Chen J, Chen C, Wang X. Polysaccharides from sporoderm-removed spores of Ganoderma lucidum induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells via disruption of autophagic flux. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:425. [PMID: 33850566 PMCID: PMC8025153 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) polysaccharide (BSGLP) have been demonstrated to inhibit carcinogenesis in several types of cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, the anticancer effects of polysaccharides extracted from the newly developed sporoderm-removed spores of G. lucidum (RSGLP) have not been assessed. The present study first compared the anticancer effects of RSGLP and BSGLP in three gastric cancer cell lines and it was found that RSGLP was more potent than BSGLP in decreasing gastric cancer cell viability. RSGLP significantly induced apoptosis in AGS cells, accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3 expression levels, and upregulation of cleaved-PARP. Furthermore, RSGLP increased LC3-II and p62 expression, indicative of induction of autophagy and disruption of autophagic flux in AGS cells. These results were further verified by combined treatment of AGS cells with the late-stage autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, or early-stage autophagy inducer rapamycin. Adenoviral transfection with mRFP-GFP-LC3 further confirmed that autophagic flux was inhibited by RSGLP in AGS cells. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the RSGLP-induced autophagy and disruption of autophagic flux disruption was, at least in part, responsible for RSGLP-induced apoptosis in AGS cells. The results of the present study demonstrated for the first time that RSGLP is more effective than BSGLP in inhibiting gastric cancer cell viability, and RSGLP may serve as a promising autophagy inhibitor in the management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Liu Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Rare Medicinal Plants, Wuyi, Zhejiang 321200, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Chengjie Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Cuiling Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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20
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Kong Q, Deng H, Li C, Wang X, Shimoda Y, Tao S, Kato K, Zhang J, Yamanaka K, An Y. Sustained high expression of NRF2 and its target genes induces dysregulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis is associated with arsenite-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143840. [PMID: 33261869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In arsenic toxicity, activation of the erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway is regarded as a driver of cancer development and progression; however, the mechanisms by which NRF2 gene expression regulates cell cycle progression and mediates pathways of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in arsenic-induced lung carcinogenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the regulatory functions of NRF2 expression and its target genes in immortalized human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells continuously exposed to 1.0 μM sodium arsenite over approximately 43 passages (22 weeks). The experimental treatment induced malignant transformation in HBE cells, characterized by increased cellular proliferation and soft agar clone formation, as well as cell migration, and accelerated cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase with increased levels of cyclin E-CDK2 complex,decreased cellular apoptosis rate. Moreover, we observed a sustained increase in NRF2 protein levels and those of its target gene products (NQO1, BCL-2) with concurrently decreased expression of apoptosis-related proteins (BAX, Cleaved-caspase-3/Caspase-3 and CHOP) and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. Silencing NRF2 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in arsenite-transformed (T-HBE) cells was shown to reverse the malignant phenotype. Further, siRNA silencing of NQO1 significantly decreased levels of the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, inhibiting G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle progression and transformation to the T-HBE phenotypes. This study demonstrated a novel role for the NRF2/NQO1 signaling pathway in mediating arsenite-induced cell transformation by increasing the expression of cyclin E-CDK2, and accelerating the cell cycle and cell proliferation. Arsenite promotes activation of the NRF2/BCL-2 signaling pathway inhibited CHOP increasing cellular resistance to apoptosis and further promoting malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyi Deng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- Changzhou Wujin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Shasha Tao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Xu Y, Tokar EJ, Pi J. Arsenic as an environmental toxicant and a therapeutic agent: Foe and friend. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 415:115438. [PMID: 33548274 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Laboratory of Chronic Diseases and Environmental Genetics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China.
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Building 101, Room E-105, RTP, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China.
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22
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Autophagy mediates bronchial cell malignant transformation induced by chronic arsenic exposure via MEK/ERK1/2 pathway. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:155-163. [PMID: 32645460 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic increases the risk of developing a variety of human cancers including lung carcinomas. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying arsenic carcinogenicity remains largely unknown. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis whose defects might result in accumulation of dysfunctional organelles and damaged proteins thus promoting tumorigenesis. In the present study, we found that chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to sub-lethal dose of sodium arsenite led to autophagy activation and induced an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to enhance cell migratory and invasive capability. The malignant transformation was mediated via activation of MEK/ERK1/2 signaling. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy in these arsenic-exposed cells by pharmacological intervention or genetic deletion further promoted the EMT and increased the generation of inflammasomes. Both autophagy inhibitor and genetic deletion of autophagy core gene Beclin-1 produced similar effects. These results may suggest the important role of autophagy in sodium arsenite-induced lung tumorigenesis which may serve as a potential target in prevention and treatment of arsenic-imposed lung cancer.
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23
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The Interaction of lncRNA XLOC-2222497, AKR1C1, and Progesterone in Porcine Endometrium and Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093232. [PMID: 32370225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is an important tissue for pregnancy and plays an important role in reproduction. In this study, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed in endometrium samples of Meishan and Yorkshire pigs on days 18 and 32 of pregnancy. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) was found to be a differentially expressed gene, and was identified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry results revealed the cellular localization of the AKR1C1 protein in the endometrium. Luciferase activity assay demonstrated that the AKR1C1 core promoter region was located in the region from -706 to -564, containing two nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) binding sites (antioxidant response elements, AREs). XLOC-2222497 was identified as a nuclear long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) highly expressed in the endometrium. XLOC-2222497 overexpression and knockdown have an effect on the expression of AKR1C1. Endocrinologic measurement showed the difference in progesterone levels between Meishan and Yorkshire pigs. Progesterone treatment upregulated AKR1C1 and XLOC-2222497 expression in porcine endometrial epithelial cells. In conclusion, transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed transcripts during the early pregnancy process. Further experiments demonstrated the interaction of XLOC-2222497/AKR1C1/progesterone in the endometrium and provided new potential targets for pregnancy maintenance and its control.
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24
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Banerjee M, Ferragut Cardoso AP, Lykoudi A, Wilkey DW, Pan J, Watson WH, Garbett NC, Rai SN, Merchant ML, States JC. Arsenite Exposure Displaces Zinc from ZRANB2 Leading to Altered Splicing. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1403-1417. [PMID: 32274925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic, a class I carcinogen, affects 200 million people globally. Skin is the major target organ, but the molecular etiology of arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis remains unclear. Arsenite (As3+)-induced disruption of alternative splicing could be involved, but the mechanism is unknown. Zinc finger proteins play key roles in alternative splicing. As3+ can displace zinc (Zn2+) from C3H1 and C4 zinc finger motifs (zfm's), affecting protein function. ZRANB2, an alternative splicing regulator with two C4 zfm's integral to its structure and splicing function, was chosen as a candidate for this study. We hypothesized that As3+ could displace Zn2+ from ZRANB2, altering its structure, expression, and splicing function. As3+/Zn2+ binding and mutual displacement experiments were performed with synthetic apo-peptides corresponding to each ZRANB2 zfm, employing a combination of intrinsic fluorescence, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, zinc colorimetric assay, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ZRANB2 expression in HaCaT cells acutely exposed to As3+ (0 or 5 μM, 0-72 h; or 0-5 μM, 6 h) was examined by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. ZRANB2-dependent splicing of TRA2B mRNA, a known ZRANB2 target, was monitored by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. As3+ bound to, as well as displaced Zn2+ from, each zfm. Also, Zn2+ displaced As3+ from As3+-bound zfm's acutely, albeit transiently. As3+ exposure induced ZRANB2 protein expression between 3 and 24 h and at all exposures tested but not ZRANB2 mRNA expression. ZRANB2-directed TRA2B splicing was impaired between 3 and 24 h post-exposure. Furthermore, ZRANB2 splicing function was also compromised at all As3+ exposures, starting at 100 nm. We conclude that As3+ exposure displaces Zn2+ from ZRANB2 zfm's, changing its structure and compromising splicing of its targets, and increases ZRANB2 protein expression as a homeostatic response both at environmental/toxicological exposures and therapeutically relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Ana P Ferragut Cardoso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Angeliki Lykoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Daniel W Wilkey
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Walter H Watson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Nichola C Garbett
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
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25
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Lu Y, Zhou L, He S, Ren HL, Zhou N, Hu ZM. Lycopene alleviates disc degeneration under oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 51:101559. [PMID: 32151764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main cause of diseases such as discogenic low back pain, cervical and lumbar disc herniation, degenerative spinal stenosis, and lumbar spondylolisthesis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important transcription factor, regulates antioxidant genes and induces cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In this study, the protective effect of plant antioxidant lycopene on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) under oxidative stress was investigated. The results indicated that Nrf2 expression decreased in degenerated NPCs. We further found that lycopene was protective in NP tissue under oxidative stress and alleviated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of degenerative human NPCs via Nrf2. The results also showed that lycopene reduced H2O2-induced decomposition of cartilage extracellular matrix in NPCs. In conclusion, our findings suggested that lycopene may alleviate disc degeneration under oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong-Lei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Zhen-Ming Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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26
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arsenic Toxicity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020240. [PMID: 32033297 PMCID: PMC7072296 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning is a global health problem. Chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with the development of a wide range of diseases and health problems in humans. Arsenic exposure induces the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediate multiple changes to cell behavior by altering signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications, or cause direct oxidative damage to molecules. Antioxidants with the potential to reduce ROS levels have been shown to ameliorate arsenic-induced lesions. However, emerging evidence suggests that constructive activation of antioxidative pathways and decreased ROS levels contribute to chronic arsenic toxicity in some cases. This review details the pathways involved in arsenic-induced redox imbalance, as well as current studies on prophylaxis and treatment strategies using antioxidants.
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