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Maluleke KD, Ntimana CB, Mashaba RG, Seakamela KP, Maimela E. Associated factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and 2 diabetes in Limpopo province in South Africa. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2024; 5:1319840. [PMID: 38770017 PMCID: PMC11104328 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1319840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of vision impairment or blindness in individuals who have diabetes. It has accounted for 2.6% of all cases of blindness, and 1.9% of all cases of vision impairments globally. There is a lack of data on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors amongst diabetic rural populations. Hence, the current study aimed to determine factors associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients undergoing diabetic therapy. Methods The study was cross-sectional in design and the participants were selected using convenient sampling. STATA version 15 software was used for data analysis. Chi-square was used to compare proportions. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between DR and associated risk factors. Results The prevalence of DR was 35.3%, of which 32% were mild and 3.4% were moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR). Females were more unemployed than males (32.1% versus 16.8%, p=0.0058). Males were found to drink alcohol (21.8% versus 1.9%, p<0.001) and smoke cigarettes (4% versus 0.3%, p=0.0034) more than females. Being aged ≥ 55 years (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-4.4), with matric qualification (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-1.0); employed (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6); having high systolic blood pressure (OR=1.4, 95%CI=1.1-1.7) were the independent determinants of DR. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 34%. DR was determined by high systolic blood pressure, old age, and employment. Although not statistically significant, gender, hyperglycemic state, poor glycemic control, smoking, and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased risk of developing DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cairo Bruce Ntimana
- Dikgale Mamabolo Mothiba (DIMAMO) Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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Getachew T, Mengistu M, Getahun F. Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Associated Factors Among Older Adults in Southern Ethiopia, 2022. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2024; 16:1-16. [PMID: 38197047 PMCID: PMC10773243 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s440423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Visual impairment is a functional limitation of the eye brought on by a disorder or disease that can make it more difficult to carry out daily tasks. Visual impairment causes a wide range of public health, social, and economic issues, particularly in developing nations, where more than 90% of the world's visually impaired people reside. Although many studies conducted in Ethiopia related with the topic, there were focused on childhood visual impairments. Objectives To assess the prevalence and factors associated with visual impairment among older adults. Methodology A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Arba Minch Zuria District. Systematic sampling technique was employed to select 655 adults aged 40 and above. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews and visual acuity measurements, and SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with visual impairment. Results The overall prevalence of visual impairment was found to be 36.95% (95% CI=33.2-40.8%). Factors associated with a higher odds of visual impairment included aged 51-60 years (AOR=2.37,95%CI=1.29-4.44), aged 61 and above (AOR=8.9, 95%CI=4.86-16.3), low wealth index ((AOR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.14-3.2), divorced and widowed (AOR=4.67, 95%CI:2.77-7.86), no formal education (AOR=14.28, 95%CI: 2.82-71.46), not utilizing eyeglass (AOR=3.94, 95%CI (1.65-9.40). The most possible causes of visual impairment were found to be refractive error and cataract. Conclusions and Recommendations The prevalence of visual impairment among study population was relatively high, and more than three-fifths of participants had unilateral visual impairment. Age, marital status, occupation, educational status, wealth index, and not wearing of prescribed eyeglasses were significantly associated with visual impairment. Refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment. Awareness of spectacle use and expanding cataract surgery coverage are urgently needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru Getachew
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Mengistu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Arba Minch General Hospital, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Firdawek Getahun
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Ashenef B, Diress M, Yeshaw Y, Dagnew B, Gela YY, Akalu Y, Abdurahman A, Abebaw K. Visual Impairment and Its Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3149-3161. [PMID: 37881781 PMCID: PMC10597370 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s408171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visual impairment is one of the most common long-term effects of high blood pressure. It affects one's quality of life, independence, and mobility. There is a paucity of information regarding the prevalence of visual impairment due to hypertension in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among hypertensive patients in referral hospitals of the Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 study participants, which were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and physical measurements. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6. Then, exported into SPSS Version 26 for analysis. The crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% Confidence intervals were calculated. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Variables with a p-value of ≤0.05 were stated as significantly associated with visual impairment. Results The overall prevalence of visual impairment among hypertensive patients was 32.4% (95% CI: 27.9-37.9). Duration of hypertension ≥ 5 years (AOR =3.06, 95% CI: 1.86-4.95), history of ocular trauma (AOR =2.50, 95% CI: 1.3-4.73), and ever alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.32-5.62) were significantly associated with visual impairment. Conclusion Nearly one-third of hypertensive patients were visually impaired from the study participants. Duration of hypertension ≥5 years, history of ocular trauma, and ever alcohol drinking was significantly associated with visual impairment among hypertensive patients. Therefore, in addition to providing medical care and follow-up services for hypertension patients, health education is needed for early and proper management of visual impairment, and to decrease their level of alcohol consumption. Furthermore, better to do this study by prospective cohort study design to identify cause-and-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baye Ashenef
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistie Diress
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Yismaw Gela
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulhenan Abdurahman
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Kassa Abebaw
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Osuagwu UL, Ocansey S, Ndep AO, Kyeremeh S, Ovenseri-Ogbomo G, Ekpenyong BN, Agho KE, Ekure E, Mashige KP, Ogbuehi KC, Rasengane T, Nkansah ND, Naidoo KS. Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1712. [PMID: 37667219 PMCID: PMC10476336 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge, positive attitude and good preventive practices are keys to successful myopia control, but information on these is lacking in Africa. This study determined the KAP on myopia in Ghana. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted among adults (aged 18 years and older) living across 16 regions of Ghana between May and October 2021. Data on socio-demographic factors (sex, age, gender, level of education, working status, type of employment, monthly income, and region of residence), respondents' awareness, and knowledge, attitude and preventive practices (KAP) about myopia were collected. Composite and mean scores were calculated from eleven knowledge (total score = 61), eight attitude (48), and nine preventive practice items (33). Differences in mean scores were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and standardized coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using multiple linear regression to determine the associations between the dependent (KAP) and demographic variables. RESULTS Of the 1,919 participants, mean age was 37.4 ± 13.4 years, 42.3% were aged 18-30 years, 52.6% were men, 55.8% had completed tertiary education, and 49.2% had either heard about myopia, or accurately defined myopia as short sightedness. The mean KAP scores were 22.9 ± 23.7, 33.9 ± 5.4, and 22.3 ± 2.8, respectively and varied significantly with many of the demographic variables particularly with age group, region, marital status, and type of employment. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant associations between region of residence and knowledge (β =-0.54, 95%CI:-0.87, -0.23, p < 0.001), attitude (β =-0.24, 95%CI:-0.35,-0.14, p < 0.001) and preventive practices (β = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.12, p = 0.015). Preventive practices were also associated with type of employment (self-employed vs employee: β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.15, 4.91, p < 0.05). Knowledge scores were significantly higher in those who lived in the Greater Accra (39.5 ± 18.5) and Eastern regions (39.1 ± 17.5) and lower among those who lived in the Upper West region (6.4 ± 15.6). Government employees and those with tertiary education had significantly higher mean knowledge scores compared with non-government employees (β = 4.56, 95%CI 1.22, 7.89, p = 0.007), and those with primary/no education (β = 18.35, 95%CI: 14.42, 22.27, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Ghanaian participants had adequate knowledge of myopia but showed poor attitude and low preventive practices, which varied significantly between regions and were modified by socio-demographic factors. Further research into how education can be used to stimulate Ghanaians' engagement in preventive practices is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, PO Box 9008, Bathurst, NSW 2795 Australia
- African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629 South Africa
| | - Stephen Ocansey
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Antor O. Ndep
- Health Education & Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Kyeremeh
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo
- Department of Optometry, Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | - Bernadine N. Ekpenyong
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley E. Agho
- African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629 South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | | | - Khathutshelo Percy Mashige
- African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629 South Africa
| | - Kelechi C. Ogbuehi
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tuwani Rasengane
- Department of Optometry, University of the Free State and Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Kovin Shunmugan Naidoo
- African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629 South Africa
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Centre for Eyecare & Public Health Intervention Initiative (CEPHII)
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, PO Box 9008, Bathurst, NSW 2795 Australia
- African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629 South Africa
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Health Education & Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Optometry, Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
- Roberts Eyecare Associates, Vestal, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Optometry, University of the Free State and Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Koforidua Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Eastern Region Ghana
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Rezvan F, Yekta A. Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Elderly Population; an Urgent Geriatric Health Issue: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES). Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2022; 30:249-259. [PMID: 35670227 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2085304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of vision impairment (VI) and blindness and their determinants in the elderly population of Tehran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of over 60 year population of Tehran. Optometric examinations included the measurement of uncorrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, presenting and best corrected visual acuity. Vision impairment is reported according to the WHO definition. Visual acuity worse than 20/60 and 20/400 in the better eye was regarded as low vision and blindness, respectively. RESULTS According to presenting visual acuity, VI was found in 14.8% (95%CI: 13.1-16.5) of the participants, including low vision in 13.8% (95%CI: 12.2-15.4) and blindness in 1.1% (95%CI: 0.5-1.6). The prevalence of VI ranged between 7.8% (95%CI: 6.0-9.5) in subjects aged 60-64 years and 40.0% (95%CI: 33.0-47.0) in participants over 80 years (p < .001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR = 1.07(per year)), lower education level (illiterate versus college: OR = 3.55), and lower economic status (middle versus rich: OR = 1.30 and poor versus rich; OR = 1.72) had a significant relationship with an increase in the prevalence of VI, and older age (OR = 1.14(Per year increase)) and diabetes (OR = 2.62) had a significant relationship with blindness. Refractive errors (63.1%) was the leading cause of VI followed by cataract (22.5%). However, cataract (48.3%) was the leading cause of blindness. CONCLUSION Many older adults suffer from VI. Correction of refractive errors and cataract reduces a large percentage of VI. Age, education level, and economic status are other determinants of VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezvan
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zabsonré/Ahnoux A, Traoré A, Diallo JW, Koussé S, Sanou J, Meda N. [Overview of visual impairment at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Medical Center: Study of 501 cases]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 45:28-33. [PMID: 34922778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the main causes of visual impairment according to age in patients admitted to the ophthalmology department. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 501 cases of visual impairment. Included were patients of both sexes whose best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye was strictly less than 5/10. The parameters studied were age, gender, place of residence, corrected visual acuity in the better eye, and diagnosis. The data were entered and processed with the Epi info 7.2 software. RESULTS Subjects over 50 were the most prevalent (48.5%). In patients over 50 years of age, cataracts (54.32%) were the leading cause of visual impairment, followed by glaucoma (24.69%) and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy (26.19%). Trauma (17.62%) was frequently found in patients aged 16 to 50 years. Tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis (25.00%) was the leading cause of visual impairment in subjects aged 5 to 15 years. CONCLUSION This study confirms the results of the literature, which have shown that cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment in developing countries. A major effort to raise awareness, provide information and therapeutic care would reduce the incidence of visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zabsonré/Ahnoux
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - A Traoré
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - J W Diallo
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - S Koussé
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - J Sanou
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - N Meda
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Diress M, Belsti Y, Getnet M, Fekadu SA, Dagnew B, Akalu Y, Seid MA, Gela YY. Visual impairment and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:824. [PMID: 34903217 PMCID: PMC8667373 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visual impairment is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age groups in Ethiopia, which is getting worse during pregnancy. Though visual impairment has lots of serious consequences across the life course of pregnant women, there is no previous study on this topic in Ethiopia. Thus, this study determined the prevalence of visual impairment and identified associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at the governmental health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables to collect the required data. Snellen’s illiterate “E” chart was used to determine visual impairment. EpiData 3 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify associated factors of visual impairment. Variables with a p-value ≤0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant with visual impairment. Results A total of 417 (response rate = 98.6%) participants were involved in this study, with a median age of 27 years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5–26.6). Thirty (7.2%) and thirty-two (7.7%) of the study participants had moderate to severe visual impairments in their right and left eyes, respectively. Participants aged from 31 to 49 years (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), being 3rd trimester (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.5), multi & grand multipara (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6), and history of contraceptive use (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.3) had higher chance of visual impairment. Conclusion The magnitude of visual impairment among pregnant women was high in the study area. Therefore, routine screening and evaluation of pregnant women for visual condition during antenatal care visits is recommended. Further investigations of visual changes, particularly as a result of pregnancy, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistie Diress
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Yitayeh Belsti
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Getnet
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdu Seid
- Unit of Human Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Yismaw Gela
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Seidu AA, Agbadi P, Duodu PA, Dey NEY, Duah HO, Ahinkorah BO. Prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with vision difficulties in Ghana, Gambia, and Togo: a multi-country analysis of recent multiple Indicator cluster surveys. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2148. [PMID: 34814858 PMCID: PMC8612002 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sense of sight is one of the important human sensory abilities that is required for independent functioning and survival. The highest burden of sight-related problems is recorded in low-and middle-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the burden, nationally representative analyses to understand the prevalence and determinants of vision difficulties are hard to find. Therefore, this study addressed this knowledge gap by estimating the prevalence of vision difficulties and its correlates in gender-stratified models in three West African countries: Ghana, Gambia, and Togo. Methods The study used the most recent Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys of Ghana (2017–2018), Gambia (2018), and Togo (2017). Summary statistics were used to describe the participants and logistic regression was used to perform the bivariate and multivariate analyses. The analyses were performed using Stata version 14 and the complex survey design of the datasets was accounted for using the ‘svyset’ command. Results Gendered differences were observed for vision difficulties. More women than men reported vision difficulties in Ghana (men: 14.67% vs women: 23.45%) and Togo (men: 14.86% vs women: 23.61%), but more men than women reported vision difficulties in Gambia (men: 11.64% vs women: 9.76%). We also observed gender differences in how age, education, marital status, and region of residence were significantly associated with reported vision difficulties. The direction and magnitude of these relationships were different among men and women across the survey data in Ghana, Gambia, and Togo. Conclusion The findings imply the need to tackle the existing gender inequities that are associated with vision difficulties to promote the quality of life of individuals, especially among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana. .,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Pascal Agbadi
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | | | | | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Atakro CA. Knowledge of Ghanaian Graduating Undergraduate Nurses About Ageing. SAGE Open Nurs 2021; 7:23779608211020957. [PMID: 34423128 PMCID: PMC8371287 DOI: 10.1177/23779608211020957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Knowledge on ageing has an impact on the quality of care provided to older people. Although older Ghanaians provide various forms of support to family and communities, many of them experience poor nursing care in the Ghanaian health system. There is, however, dearth of evidence regarding knowledge of ageing among Ghanaian nurses. Objective This study therefore used a descriptive survey approach to investigate knowledge of graduating undergraduate nurses on physiological, and psychosocial changes in ageing. Methods Seventy graduating undergraduate nurses were surveyed to identify their knowledge on physiological and psychosocial changes leading to care needs of older people in Ghana. Three undergraduate nursing programs with gerontological nursing courses were purposively selected for the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in order to present quantitative descriptions of variables in this study. Results The response rate in the study was 42%. Findings of the study show graduating undergraduate nursing students have inadequate knowledge on ageing. Several gaps in knowledge regarding ageing were identified. Although undergraduate nursing schools had gerontological nursing courses in their programs, over 90% of participating graduating nursing students indicated pain, anxiety and depression are normal aspects in the ageing process. Conclusion It is imperative to improve the current curricula content on gerontological nursing in Ghanaian nursing schools to equip nurses with knowledge and skills needed to provide quality healthcare to older people in Ghana. Improving knowledge on ageing through evidence-informed gerontological nursing curricula content will lead to better nursing care of older Ghanaians. Providing educational opportunities for improved quality nursing care of older Ghanaians is in line with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 3, which aims at providing equal and quality healthcare to all age groups by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Confidence Alorse Atakro
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Christian Service University College, Kumasi, Ghana
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Bede-Ojimadu O, Orish CN, Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Trace elements exposure and risk in age-related eye diseases: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:293-339. [PMID: 34114934 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1916331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate existing evidence on the associations between trace elements exposure and age-related eye diseases. PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for epidemiological and postmortem studies on the relationship between exposure to trace elements and Age-related eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR), in population groups aged 40 years and above. Available evidence suggests that cadmium (Cd) exposure may be positively associated with the risks of AMD and cataract. There is also evidence that exposure to lead (Pb) may be positively associated with higher risk of cataract and glaucoma. There is limited number of relevant studies and lack of prospective studies for most of the investigated associations. Evidence for other trace elements is weak and inconsistent, and the number of available studies is small. Likewise, there are very few relevant studies on the role of trace elements in DR. Chemical elements that affect the distribution and absorption of other trace elements have never been investigated. The suggestive but limited evidence motivates large and quality prospective studies to fully characterize the impact of exposure to trace (toxic and essential) elements on age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Chinna N Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
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Sarsam SM, Al-Samarraie H, Alzahrani AI. Influence of personality traits on users’ viewing behaviour. J Inf Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0165551521998051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different views on the role of personal factors in moderating individual viewing behaviour exist. This study examined the impact of personality traits on individual viewing behaviour of facial stimulus. A total of 96 students (46 males and 50 females, age 23–28 years) were participated in this study. The Big-Five personality traits of all the participants together with data related to their eye-movements were collected and analysed. The results showed three groups of users who scored high on the personality traits of neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Individuals who scored high in a specific personality trait were more probably to interpret the visual image differently from individuals with other personality traits. To determine the extent to which a specific personality trait is associated with users’ viewing behaviour of visual stimulus, a predictive model was developed and validated. The prediction results showed that 96.73% of the identified personality traits can potentially be predicted by the viewing behaviour of users. The findings of this study can expand the current understanding of human personality and choice behaviour. The study also contributes to the perceptual encoding process of faces and the perceptual mechanism in the holistic face processing theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Muthana Sarsam
- Department of Business Analytics, Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Causes of Visual Impairment in an Elderly Chinese Uygur Population in Southern Xinjiang. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:8843032. [PMID: 33880187 PMCID: PMC8046568 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8843032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and major causes of visual impairment (VI) in an elderly Chinese Uygur population in southern Xinjiang. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Participants aged 50 years and older from Haohan Country, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, were enrolled from August 2018 to December 2018 using cluster sampling. Participants underwent examinations including presenting visual acuity (PVA), pinhole vision, slit-lamp, intraocular pressure, and direct ophthalmoscopy. Participants' education and demographic information was collected by a questionnaire. The prevalence, risk factors, and major causes of vision loss were evaluated. Results A total of 1465 participants (85.4% response rate) were enrolled. The mean age of the subjects was 59.1 ± 9.7 years. The prevalence of mild VI, moderate VI, severe VI, and blindness in the better eye was 13.3%, 12.8%, 2.9%, and 3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in this study was higher than that in Altay & Tacheng and Changji in northern Xinjiang, lower than that in Luxi, and similar to that in Tibet. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with low vision and blindness (P ≤ 0.001, <0.05, 0.002, respectively). The major causes of low vision were cataract (42.6%), refractive error (19.6%), and glaucoma (12.6%), whereas the primary causes of blindness were cataract (34%), glaucoma (34%), and retinitis pigmentosa (10%). Conclusions VI is an important public health issue among elderly Uygur individuals in the area, especially for those with low education levels. Cataract is the leading cause of low vision and blindness.
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Cai JM, Ye Y, Liang P, Zhang T, Zheng JH, Wang J, Zhao J. Frequency of presenting visual acuity and visual impairment in Chinese college students. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1990-1997. [PMID: 33344201 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To obtain the baseline data on presenting visual acuity (PVA) and evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA in 9070 Chinese college students. METHODS The freshmen at a university in southern China, including 6527 undergraduate students and 2543 graduate students, were investigated for some socio-demographic characteristics and underwent routine medical examination, including measuring PVA, height, and weight. Visual impairment was defined according to the new World Health Organization criteria for blindness and visual impairment. RESULTS In 9070 college students, the mean PVA in the better eye was 0.094±0.163 logMAR. The prevalence of visual impairment based on PVA was 2.7%. Only 38.3% college students had normal visual acuity [PVA equal to 0 logMAR (20/20) in both eyes]. There were 69.8% of students wearing spectacles. Logistic regression showed that home region (non-Guangdong provinces, P<0.0001, OR=1.70) was risk factor for visual impairment while BMI (P=0.001, OR=0.92) was protective factor from visual impairment. Ethnicity (Han Chinese, P<0.0001, OR=3.17) was risk factor for wearing spectacles while age (P=0.01, OR=0.90) was protective factor from wearing spectacles. CONCLUSION This study provides the baseline data on PVA and the prevalence of visual impairment in Chinese college students. Our analyses reveal that BMI and home region are associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA, while age and ethnicity are associated factors for wearing spectacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Cai
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye Ye
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Hui Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
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Hassan H, Saad F, Manaf MSA. An Illumination System based on Indirect Ophthalmoscopy for Retinal Imaging Photoplethysmography Assessment. 2020 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL SYSTEM, COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING (ICCSCE) 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/iccsce50387.2020.9204943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Tetteh J, Fordjour G, Ekem-Ferguson G, Yawson AO, Boima V, Entsuah-Mensah K, Biritwum R, Essuman A, Mensah G, Yawson AE. Visual impairment and social isolation, depression and life satisfaction among older adults in Ghana: analysis of the WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 2. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000492. [PMID: 32626826 PMCID: PMC7326267 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To estimate the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and associated factors and further quantify its association with social isolation, depression and life satisfaction among older adults in Ghana. METHODS WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health Ghana dataset for older adults 50 years and above was used for this study. Social isolation, depression and life satisfaction were our primary outcomes with VI being our secondary outcome. We employed negative binomial, Poisson and generalised negative binomial regression models individually modified with Coarsened Exact Matching method of analysis. All analysis was performed by adopting robust SE estimation using Stata V.15. RESULTS The prevalence of VI was 17.1% (95% CI14.3 to 20.2) and the factors associated include age groups, educational level, religion, region, where the participant was born, and difficulty in work/households activity (p<0.05). The inferential analysis shows that the significant log-likelihood score of social isolation and life satisfaction for older adults with VI was 0.25 more (95% CI 0.03 to 0.47) and 0.04 less (95% CI -0.08 to -0.01), respectively, compared with those without VI. The prevalence of depression among older adults with VI was significantly 90% higher compared with non-VI (adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI) = 1.90 (1.17 to 3.09), p<0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of VI is associated with increasing age, educational level and self-rated health. VI was identified to be associated with social isolation, depression and diminishing life satisfaction. In order to achieve sustainable development goal #3, a national focus on geriatric care as part of the implementation of the National Ageing Policy will garner improvement in the quality of life of older adults with visual VI in Ghana. Eye health practitioners at all levels of the health systems should consider the psychosocial consequences of VI for the optimum care of the older adult client.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tetteh
- Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gladys Fordjour
- Ophthalmology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - George Ekem-Ferguson
- Psychiatry Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Vincent Boima
- Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Ghana College of Health Sciences, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Kow Entsuah-Mensah
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Biritwum
- Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akye Essuman
- Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Mensah
- Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alfred Edwin Yawson
- Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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