1
|
Zhao M, Chen Y, Bao X, Wang Z, Yuan N, Jin Z, Huang Y, Yang L, Yang Y, Zeng L. HuoXueTongFu formula induces M2c macrophages via the MerTK/PI3K/AKT pathway to eliminate NETs in intraperitoneal adhesion in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118290. [PMID: 38703872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE HuoXueTongFu Formula (HXTF) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been used as a supplement and alternative therapy for intraperitoneal adhesion (IA). However, its specific mechanism of action has not been fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY In surgery, IA presents an inevitable challenge, significantly impacting patients' physical and mental well-being and increasing the financial burden. Our previous research has confirmed the preventive effects of HXTF on IA formation. However, the precise mechanism of its action still needs to be understood. METHODS In this study, the IA model was successfully established by using the Ischemic buttons and treated with HXTF for one week with or without Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MerTK) inhibitor. We evaluated the pharmacodynamic effect of HXTF on IA mice. The MerTK/phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were detected by immunofluorescence. Macrophage phenotype was assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by Real Time Quantitative PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS HXTF reduced inflammatory response and alleviated IA. HXTF significantly enhanced MerTK expression, increased the number of M2c macrophages, and decreased the formation of NETs. In addition, the MerTK/PI3K/AKT pathway was significantly activated by HXTF. However, after using MerTK inhibitors, the role of HXTF in inducing M2c macrophage through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway was suppressed and there was no inhibitory effect on NETs formation and inflammatory responses, resulting in diminished inhibition of adhesion. CONCLUSION HXTF may improve IA by activating the MerTK/PI3K/AKT pathway to induce M2c polarization, which removes excess NETs and attenuates the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanqi Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaojiang Bao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhongda Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ningning Yuan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zixiang Jin
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqiu Huang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yousheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, 215101, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen S, Zeng J, Li R, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Hou Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu J, Meng X. Traditional Chinese medicine in regulating macrophage polarization in immune response of inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117838. [PMID: 38310986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated that various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory diseases mediated through macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this review was to assess and consolidate the current understanding regarding the pathogenic mechanisms governing macrophage polarization in the context of regulating inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the mechanism action of various TCMs on the regulation of macrophage polarization, which may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of recently published articles, utilizing keywords such as "macrophage polarization" and "traditional Chinese medicines" in combination with "inflammation," as well as "macrophage polarization" and "inflammation" in conjunction with "natural products," and similar combinations, to search within PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS A total of 113 kinds of TCMs (including 62 components of TCMs, 27 TCMs as well as various types of extracts of TCMs and 24 Chinese prescriptions) was reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of key pathways of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we have analyzed studies concerning the involvement of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in inflammation therapy. TCMs has great advantages in regulating macrophage polarization in treating inflammatory diseases due to its multi-pathway and multi-target pharmacological action. This review may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- The Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, PR China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou YP, Shan XF, Qiu JX, Wang LN, Xiang RL, Cai ZG. Botulinum toxin type A inhibits M1 macrophage polarization by deactivation of JAK2/STAT1 and IκB/NFκB pathway and contributes to scar alleviation in aseptic skin wound healing. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116468. [PMID: 38518603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The non-neuronal and non-muscular effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) on scar reduction has been discovered. This study was designed to investigate the effects of BTXA on macrophages polarization during the early stage of skin repair. A skin defect model was established on the dorsal skin of SD rats. BTXA was intracutaneous injected into the edge of wound immediately as the model was established. Histological examinations were performed on scar samples. Raw 264.7 was selected as the cell model of recruited circulating macrophages, and was induced for M1 polarization by LPS. Identify the signaling pathways that primarily regulated M1 polarization and respond to BTXA treatment. Application of BTXA at early stage of injury significantly reduced the scar diameter without delaying wound closure. BTXA treatment improved fiber proliferation and arrangement, and inhibited angiogenesis in scar granular tissue. The number of M1 macrophages and the levels of pro-inflammation were decreased after treated with BTXA in scar tissues. LPS activated JAK2/STAT1 and IκB/NFκB pathways were downregulated by BTXA, as well as LPS induced M1 polarization. At early stage of skin wound healing, injection of BTXA effectively reduced the number of M1 macrophages and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators which contributes to scar alleviation. BTXA resisted the M1 polarization of macrophages induced by LPS via deactivating the JAK2/STAT1 and IκB/NFκB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin-Na Wang
- Lanzhou Biotechnique Development Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liao Y, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Wu J, Li D, Li Z, Xu J, Yang R, Wang L. Schistosome egg-derived extracellular vesicles deliver Sja-miR-71a inhibits host macrophage and neutrophil extracellular traps via targeting Sema4D. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:366. [PMID: 38129877 PMCID: PMC10734185 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages and neutrophils are rapidly recruited around Schistosome eggs to form granulomas. Extracellular traps (ETs) of macrophages and neutrophils are part of the pathogen clearance armamentarium of leukocytes. Schistosome eggs possess the ability to resist attack by the host's immune cells and survive by employing various immune evasion mechanisms, including the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the specific mechanisms by which Schistosome egg-derived EVs (E-EVs) evade the immune response and resist attack from macrophage and neutrophil ETs remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between E-EVs and macrophage/neutrophil ETs. METHODS EVs were isolated from the culture supernatant of S. japonicum eggs and treated macrophages and neutrophils with E-EVs and Sja-miR-71a. The formation of ETs was then observed. Additionally, we infected mice with S. japonicum, administered HBAAV2/9-Sja-miR-71a, and the formation of macrophage ETs (METs) and neutrophil ETs (NETs) in the livers was measured. Sema4D-knockout mice, RNA sequencing, and trans-well assay were used to clarify Sja-miR-71a in E-EVs inhibits METs and NETs formation via the Sema4D/ PPAR-γ/ IL-10 axis. RESULTS Our findings revealed that E-EVs were internalized by macrophages and neutrophils, leading to the inhibition of METs and NETs formation. The highly expressed Sja-miR-71a in E-EVs targeted Sema4D, resulting in the up-regulation of IL-10 and subsequent inhibition of METs and NETs formation. Sema4D knockout up-regulated IL-10 expression and inhibited the formation of METs and NETs. Furthermore, we further demonstrated that Sja-miR-71a inhibits METs and NETs formation via the Sema4D/ PPAR-γ/ IL-10 axis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings provide new insights into the immune evasion abilities of Schistosome eggs by demonstrating their ability to inhibit the formation of METs and NETs through the secretion of EVs. This study enhances our understanding of the host-pathogen interaction and may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liao
- Guangzhou key laboratory for clinical rapid diagnosis and early warning of infectious diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Zifeng Zhu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Guangzhou key laboratory for clinical rapid diagnosis and early warning of infectious diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Guangzhou key laboratory for clinical rapid diagnosis and early warning of infectious diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Dinghao Li
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Guangzhou key laboratory for clinical rapid diagnosis and early warning of infectious diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhao Xu
- Guangzhou key laboratory for clinical rapid diagnosis and early warning of infectious diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruibing Yang
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostic Laboratory Ltd, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
| | - Lifu Wang
- Guangzhou key laboratory for clinical rapid diagnosis and early warning of infectious diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren X, Tang X, Huang T, Hu Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y. FTO plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal cancer and may be a target for immunotherapy: an updated review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1241357. [PMID: 37916161 PMCID: PMC10616962 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1241357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a common malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Therefore, developing novel effective markers and therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal cancer is currently a challenging and popular topic in oncology research. Accumulating studies have reported that N6-methyladenosine is the most abundant epigenetic modification in eukaryotes. N6-methyladenosine plays an essential role in regulating RNA expression and metabolism, including splicing, translation, stability, decay, and transport. FTO, the earliest demethylase discovered to maintain the balance of N6-adenosine methylation, is abnormally expressed in many tumors. In this review, we discuss the molecular structure and substrate selectivity of FTO. we focus on the role of FTO in gastrointestinal tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, immune microenvironment, and its molecular mechanisms. We also discuss its potential in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zenan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meng M, Lu M, Feng J, Zhou X, Meng P, Chen L, Zou X, Liu X, Liu L, Gao X, Zhang Y. Exosomal PPARγ derived from macrophages suppresses LPS-induced peritonitis by negative regulation of CD14/TLR4 axis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1567-1581. [PMID: 37438583 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercellular communication between macrophages and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) has been suggested as a key factor regulating peritonitis development. Here, we explored whether PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) can be packaged into macrophage exosomes to mediate intercellular communication and regulate peritonitis. METHODS Macrophage exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Proteomic analysis of macrophage-derived exosomes was performed using mass spectrometry. Co-culture models of supernatants or exosomes with PMCs, as well as a mouse peritonitis model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were employed. RESULTS In this study, using stable Raw264.7 cells overexpressing GFP-FLAG-PPARγ (OE-PPARγ), we found that PPARγ inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in Raw264.7 cells and that PPARγ was incorporated into macrophage exosomes during this process. Overexpression of PPARγ mainly regulated the secretion of differentially expressed exosomal proteins involved in the biological processes of protein transport, lipid metabolic process, cell cycle, apoptotic process, DNA damage stimulus, as well as the KEGG pathway of salmonella infection. Using co-culture models and mouse peritonitis model, we showed that exosomes from Raw264.7 cells overexpressing PPARγ inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in co-cultured human PMCs and in mice through downregulating CD14 and TLR4, two key regulators of the salmonella infection pathway. Pretreatment of the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of exosomes from Raw264.7 OE-PPARγ cells on human PMCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that overexpression of PPARγ largely altered the proteomic profile of macrophage exosomes and that exosomal PPARγ from macrophages acted as a regulator of intercellular communication to suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo via negatively regulating the CD14/TLR4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Meizhi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Luxuan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xunliang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated (Zhuhai) Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519100, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Langxia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liao J, Li X, Fan Y. Prevention strategies of postoperative adhesion in soft tissues by applying biomaterials: Based on the mechanisms of occurrence and development of adhesions. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:387-412. [PMID: 36969107 PMCID: PMC10030827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative adhesion (POA) widely occurs in soft tissues and usually leads to chronic pain, dysfunction of adjacent organs and some acute complications, seriously reducing patients' quality of life and even being life-threatening. Except for adhesiolysis, there are few effective methods to release existing adhesion. However, it requires a second operation and inpatient care and usually triggers recurrent adhesion in a great incidence. Hence, preventing POA formation has been regarded as the most effective clinical strategy. Biomaterials have attracted great attention in preventing POA because they can act as both barriers and drug carriers. Nevertheless, even though much reported research has been demonstrated their efficacy on POA inhibition to a certain extent, thoroughly preventing POA formation is still challenging. Meanwhile, most biomaterials for POA prevention were designed based on limited experiences, not a solid theoretical basis, showing blindness. Hence, we aimed to provide guidance for designing anti-adhesion materials applied in different soft tissues based on the mechanisms of POA occurrence and development. We first classified the postoperative adhesions into four categories according to the different components of diverse adhesion tissues, and named them as "membranous adhesion", "vascular adhesion", "adhesive adhesion" and "scarred adhesion", respectively. Then, the process of the occurrence and development of POA were analyzed, and the main influencing factors in different stages were clarified. Further, we proposed seven strategies for POA prevention by using biomaterials according to these influencing factors. Meanwhile, the relevant practices were summarized according to the corresponding strategies and the future perspectives were analyzed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yao Y, Zhang L, Cheng F, Jiang Q, Ye Y, Ren Y, He Y, Su D, Cheng L, Shi G, Dai L, Deng H. PPARγ-dependent hepatic macrophage switching acts as a central hub for hUCMSC-mediated alleviation of decompensated liver cirrhosis in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:184. [PMID: 37501214 PMCID: PMC10375757 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC), a terminal-stage complication of liver disease, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatopathies. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) therapy has emerged as a novel treatment alternative for the treatment of DLC. However, optimized therapy protocols and the associated mechanisms are not entirely understood. METHODS We constructed a DLC rat model consistent with the typical clinical characteristics combined use of PB and CCL4. Performing dynamic detection of liver morphology and function in rats for 11 weeks, various disease characteristics of DLC and the therapeutic effect of hUCMSCs on DLC in experimental rats were thoroughly investigated, according to ascites examination, histopathological, and related blood biochemical analyses. Flow cytometry analysis of rat liver, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR was performed to examine the changes in the liver immune microenvironment after hucMSCs treatment. We performed RNA-seq analysis of liver and primary macrophages and hUCMSCs co-culture system in vitro to explore possible signaling pathways. PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, and clodronate liposomes were used to inhibit PPAR activation and pre-exhaustion of macrophages in DLC rats' livers, respectively. RESULTS We found that changing the two key issues, the frequency and initial phase of hUCMSCs infusion, can affect the efficacy of hUCMSCs, and the optimal hUCMSCs treatment schedule is once every week for three weeks at the early stage of DLC progression, providing the best therapeutic effect in reducing mortality and ascites, and improving liver function in DLC rats. hUCMSCs treatment skewed the macrophage phenotype from M1-type to M2-type by activating the PPARγ signaling pathway in the liver, which was approved by primary macrophages and hUCMSCs co-culture system in vitro. Both inhibition of PPARγ activation with GW9662 and pre-exhaustion of macrophages in DLC rats' liver abolished the regulation of hUCMSCs on macrophage polarization, thus attenuating the beneficial effect of hUCMSCs treatment in DLC rats. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that the optimal hUCMSCs treatment effectively inhibits the ascites formation, prolongs survival and significantly improves liver structure and function in DLC rats through the activation of the PPARγ signaling pathway within liver macrophages. Our study compared the efficacy of different hUCMSCs infusion regimens for DLC, providing new insights on cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushuang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting He
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chu W, Li YL, Li JJ, Lin J, Li M, Wang J, He JZ, Zhang YM, Yao J, Jin XJ, Cai H, Liu YQ. Guiqi Baizhu prescription ameliorates cytarabine-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting JAK2 to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114902. [PMID: 37209628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucositis (IM) is characterized by damage to the intestinal mucosa resulting from inhibition of epithelial cell division and loss of renewal capacity following anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cytarabine (Ara-C), the main chemotherapy drug for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, is a frequent cause of IM. Guiqi Baizhu prescription (GQBZP) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. PURPOSE To determine if GQBZP can ameliorate Ara-C induced IM and identify and characterize the pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS IM was induced in mice with Ara-C and concurrently treated with orally administered GQBZP. Body weight and food intake was monitored, with HE staining to calculate ileal histomorphometric scoring and villus length/crypt depth. Immunoblotting was used to detect intestinal tissue inflammatory factors. M1 macrophages (M1) were labeled with CD86 by flow cytometry and iNOS + F4/80 by immunofluorescence. Virtual screening was used to find potentially active compounds in GQBZP that targeted JAK2. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were skewed to M1 macrophage polarization by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (INF-γ) and treated orally with GQBZP or potential active compounds. M1 was labeled with CD86 by flow cytometry and iNOS by immunofluorescence. ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factor expression. Active compounds against JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT1 and p-STAT1 were identified by western blotting and HCS fluorescence. Molecular dynamics simulations and pharmacokinetic predictions were carried out on representative active compounds. RESULTS Experimental results with mice in vivo suggest that GQBZP significantly attenuated Ara-C-induced ileal damage and release of pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting macrophage polarization to M1. Molecular docking was used to identify potentially active compounds in GQBZP that targeted JAK2, a key factor in macrophage polarization to M1. By examining the main components of each herb and applying Lipinski's rules, ten potentially active compounds were identified. In vitro experimental results suggested that all 10 compounds of GQBZP targeted JAK2 and could inhibit M1 polarization in RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS and INF-γ. Among them, acridine and senkyunolide A down-regulated the expression of JAK2 and STAT1. MD simulations revealed that acridine and senkyunolide A were stable in the active site of JAK2 and exhibited good interactions with the surrounding amino acids. CONCLUSIONS GQBZP can ameliorate Ara-C-induced IM by reducing macrophage polarization to M1, and acridine and senkyunolide A are representative active compounds in GQBZP that target JAK2 to inhibit M1 polarization. Targeting JAK2 to regulate M1 polarization may be a valuable therapeutic strategy for IM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dun Huang Medical and Transformation, Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Mi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zheng He
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue-Mei Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Jin
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 730000 Lanzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 730000 Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yong-Qi Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dun Huang Medical and Transformation, Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000 Lanzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu J, Lv H. PSTPIP2 alleviates obesity associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diabetes mice through promoting M2 macrophage polarization via activation of PPARγ. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108479. [PMID: 37150118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) plays a role in inflammatory disease. In diabetes, very little is known about PSTPIP2 until now. Hence, this study aimed to determine PSTPIP2 functional role in diabetes. METHODS Diabetes mouse model was constructed by feeding high fat diet (HFD). Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test were examined the glucose and insulin tolerance. The expression of genes and proteins was detected by quantitative real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The pathological changes of epididymal adipose tissues were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist). Flow cytometry examined the proportion of M1/M2 macrophages. RESULTS HFD enhanced the body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, and inhibited PSTPIP2 expression in mice. PSTPIP2 overexpression alleviated glucose and insulin tolerance, reduced inflammation and macrophage accumulation in the epididymal adipose tissues of diabetic mice. The expression of iNOS and TNF-α was increased, the expression of IL-10 and Arg-1 was decreased in diabetic mice, which was abrogated by PSTPIP2 overexpression. In vitro, PSTPIP2 overexpression reduced the proportions of iNOS-positive cells and enhanced the proportions of CD206-positive cells in RAW264.7 cells. PPARγ and p-STAT6 were up-regulated, STAT6 was down-regulated in RAW264.7 cells. GW9662 impaired PSTPIP2 overexpression-mediated up-regulation of Arg-1, YM-1 and FIZZ1 in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION PSTPIP2 alleviates obesity associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diabetic mice through promoting M2 macrophage polarization via activation of PPARγ, suggesting that PSTPIP2 is a prospective target for diabetes treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Huayao Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang YL, Zhang HX, Chen YQ, Yang LL, Li ZJ, Zhao M, Li WL, Bian YY, Zeng L. Research on Mechanisms of Chinese Medicines in Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Adhesion. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:556-565. [PMID: 37052766 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative adhesion (PA) is currently one of the most unpleasant complications following surgical procedures. Researchers have developed several new strategies to alleviate the formation of PA to a great extent, but so far, no single measure or treatment can meet the expectations and requirements of clinical patients needing complete PA prevention. Chinese medicine (CM) has been widely used for thousands of years based on its remarkable efficacy and indispensable advantages CM treatments are gradually being accepted by modern medicine. Therefore, this review summarizes the formating process of PA and the efficacy and action mechanism of CM treatments, including their pharmacological effects, therapeutic mechanisms and advantages in PA prevention. We aim to improve the understanding of clinicians and researchers on CM prevention in the development of PA and promote the in-depth development and industrialization process of related drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui-Xiang Zhang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Qi Chen
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Li
- College of Health Economics Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Lin Li
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yao-Yao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Zeng
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Man Q, Gao Z, Chen K. Functional Potassium Channels in Macrophages. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:175-187. [PMID: 36622407 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the predominant component of innate immunity, which is an important protective barrier of our body. Macrophages are present in all organs and tissues of the body, their main functions include immune surveillance, bacterial killing, tissue remodeling and repair, and clearance of cell debris. In addition, macrophages can present antigens to T cells and facilitate inflammatory response by releasing cytokines. Macrophages are of high concern due to their crucial roles in multiple physiological processes. In recent years, new advances are emerging after great efforts have been made to explore the mechanisms of macrophage activation. Ion channel is a class of multimeric transmembrane protein that allows specific ions to go through cell membrane. The flow of ions through ion channel between inside and outside of cell membrane is required for maintaining cell morphology and intracellular signal transduction. Expressions of various ion channels in macrophages have been detected. The roles of ion channels in macrophage activation are gradually caught attention. K+ channels are the most studied channels in immune system. However, very few of published papers reviewed the studies of K+ channels on macrophages. Here, we will review the four types of K+ channels that are expressed in macrophages: voltage-gated K+ channel, calcium-activated K+ channel, inwardly rectifying K+ channel and two-pore domain K+ channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, A506, Wang Changlai Building818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, 42 Yangshan Rd, Ningbo, China.
| | - Kuihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, A506, Wang Changlai Building818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ensan B, Bathaei P, Nassiri M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Abdollahi A, Ghorbani HR, Aliakbarian M, Ferns GA, Avan A. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Key Signaling Pathways as a Novel Approach to Ameliorating Post-Surgical Adhesions. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3592-3617. [PMID: 35466868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220422090238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal adhesions (PA) are a common complication of abdominal operations. A growing body of evidence shows that inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis at sites of peritoneal damaging could prevent the development of intra-abdominal adhesions. METHODS A search of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and Embase databases was performed using the keywords 'postsurgical adhesion', 'post-operative adhesion', 'peritoneal adhesion', 'surgery-induced adhesion' and 'abdominal adhesion'. Studies detailing the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents for peritoneal adhesion prevention were identified, and their bibliographies were thoroughly reviewed to identify further related articles. RESULTS Several signaling pathways, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tissue plasminogen activator, and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor, macrophages, fibroblasts, and mesothelial cells play a key part in the development of plasminogen activator. Several therapeutic approaches based on anti-PA drug barriers and traditional herbal medicines have been developed to prevent and treat adhesion formation. In recent years, the most promising method to prevent PA is treatment using biomaterial-based barriers. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of adhesion formation and various agents targeting different pathways, including chemical agents, herbal agents, physical barriers, and clinical trials concerning this matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Ensan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parsa Bathaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Nassiri
- Recombinant Proteins Research Group, The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghorbani
- Orology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Z, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen Y, Liu J, Guo Y, Yu T, Zhang L, Zhu L, Shu Y. Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3133-3154. [PMID: 35405312 PMCID: PMC9552915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived exosomal ncRNAs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. MicroRNAs induce gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs and circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The role of ncRNAs in tumor-host interactions is ubiquitous. Current research is increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of the "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss the effects of exosomal ncRNAs on immune cells to induce T cell exhaustion, overexpression of programmed cell death ligands, and create a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications and prospects of exosomal ncRNAs as clinical biomarkers and drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yizhang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Oncology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211112, China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yao D, Zou Y, Lv Y. Maresin 1 enhances osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells by modulating macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-mediated inflammation resolution. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213116. [PMID: 36115155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation resolution plays a significant role in attenuating bone injury aggravated by acute inflammation and maintaining bone homeostasis. Maresin 1 (MaR1), a specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), is biosynthesised in macrophages (Mφs) that regulates acute inflammation. Strategies to accelerate the resolution of inflammation in bone repair include not only promoting vanish of acute inflammation, also improving osteogenic microenvironment. Here, previously prepared difunctional demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffold was used to study thoroughly the "cross-talk" between Mφs lipid metabolism and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) behaviors in vitro. The pro-resolving mechanism in Mφs treated with MaR1 was elaborated. Furthermore, the biological behaviors of MSCs in co-culture system were evaluated. The results indicated that MaR1 had an enhanced capability and performance in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation, M2-type Mφs polarization, and lipid droplets (LDs) biogenesis in Mφs in vitro. The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ enhanced the anti-inflammatory proteins expression and the polarization of Mφs toward M2 subtype, thereby favoring the proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis of MSCs. Overall, the results verified that MaR1 facilitated MSCs behaviors by regulating PPAR-γ-mediated inflammatory response, which implied that PPAR-γ exhibited a significant role in the dialogue between MSCs behaviors and Mφs lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
miRNA-331-3p Affects the Proliferation, Metastasis, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma through SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6459029. [PMID: 36199788 PMCID: PMC9529391 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6459029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory small noncoding RNAs that play a key role in several types of cancer. It has been reported that miR-331-3p is involved in the development and progression of various cancers, but there are few reports regarding osteosarcoma (OS). The public GEO database was used to analyze the survival difference of miR-331-3p in OS organizations. The level of cell proliferation assay was assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation. First, transwell and wound-healing assays were used to detect the transfer and invasion ability of miR-331-3p in OS. Second, TargetScan, miRDBmiR, TarBase, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to determine SOCS1 as a targeted regulator. Third, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of protein levels. Finally, a mouse model of subcutaneously transplantable tumors is used to evaluate the proliferation of OS in vivo. The low expression of miR-331-3p was negatively correlated with the overall survival of OS patients. Overexpression of miR-331-3p significantly inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Moreover, miR-331-3p affected the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma by targeting the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-331-3p reduces the expression of SOCS1 by combining with its 3′UTR, thereby activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to regulate the progression of OS. This provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li H, Cao Z, Wang L, Liu C, Lin H, Tang Y, Yao P. Macrophage Subsets and Death Are Responsible for Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843712. [PMID: 35432323 PMCID: PMC9007036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the notorious killer, are mainly caused by atherosclerosis (AS) characterized by lipids, cholesterol, and iron overload in plaques. Macrophages are effector cells and accumulate to the damaged and inflamed sites of arteries to internalize native and chemically modified lipoproteins to transform them into cholesterol-loaded foam cells. Foam cell formation is determined by the capacity of phagocytosis, migration, scavenging, and the features of phenotypes. Macrophages are diverse, and the subsets and functions are controlled by their surrounding microenvironment. Generally, macrophages are divided into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). Recently, intraplaque macrophage phenotypes are recognized by the stimulation of CXCL4 (M4), oxidized phospholipids (Mox), hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes [HA-mac/M(Hb)], and heme (Mhem). The pro-atherogenic or anti-atherosclerotic phenotypes of macrophages decide the progression of AS. Besides, apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, autophagy and pyrotopsis determine plaque formation and cardiovascular vulnerability, which may be associated with macrophage polarization phenotypes. In this review, we first summarize the three most popular hypotheses for AS and find the common key factors for further discussion. Secondly, we discuss the factors affecting macrophage polarization and five types of macrophage death in AS progression, especially ferroptosis. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque formation is conducive to disentangling the candidate targets of macrophage-targeting therapies for clinical intervention at various stages of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang C, Ma C, Gong L, Guo Y, Fu K, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803037. [PMID: 34970275 PMCID: PMC8712501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages are also recruited to the diseased tissues, and polarize to various phenotypes (mainly M1 and M2) under the stimulation of various factors in the microenvironment, thus playing different roles and functions. Liver diseases are hepatic pathological changes caused by a variety of pathogenic factors (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that macrophage polarization plays an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. However, because both macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of liver diseases are complex, the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in liver diseases need to be further clarified. Therefore, the origin of hepatic macrophages, and the phenotypes and mechanisms of macrophage polarization are reviewed first in this paper. It is found that macrophage polarization involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly including TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, and miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, this paper also expounds the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in various liver diseases, which aims to provide references for further research of macrophage polarization in liver diseases, contributing to the therapeutic strategy of ameliorating liver diseases by modulating macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Muzio G, Barrera G, Pizzimenti S. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111734. [PMID: 34829605 PMCID: PMC8614822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jamshidi-adegani F, Vakilian S, Al-kindi J, Rehman NU, Alkalbani L, Al-Broumi M, Al-Wahaibi N, Shalaby A, Al-Sabahi J, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Hashmi S. Prevention of post-surgical adhesion bands by local administration of frankincense n-hexane extract. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:367-374. [PMID: 35747348 PMCID: PMC9209871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion band formation may lead to severe complications. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of local administration of frankincense n-hexane extract (FHE) on the formation of postsurgical adhesion bands. Materials and methods FHE was extracted from the resin of a Boswellia sacra tree and its components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In an animal model, the expression levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 cytokines after application of FHE were assessed to check the inflammatory and fibrotic cues, respectively. Results Following FHE compound analysis, in vivo experiments demonstrated that intraoperative local administration of FHE resulted in the prevention of adhesion band formation. The adhesion grades in the FHE-treated group were significantly lower than those in the negative control (NC) and the positive control (Interceed). The infiltration of inflammatory cells observed by histopathology revealed a significant anti-inflammatory potential of FHE. Furthermore, the gene expression results proved that significant suppression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 was responsible for its antiadhesion properties. Conclusions The study reported the potential of FHE as an ointment for the prevention of adhesion bands. Recognition of compounds with anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic activities in FHE using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The avoidance of adhesion bands formation, in vivo following intraoperative local administration of FHE. A notable anti-inflammatory potential of FHE detected by histopathology results. Approving the regulation of TNF-α and TGF-β1 involved in the intra-abdomen adhesion preventive properties of FHE.
Collapse
|
21
|
Comparison and Analysis on the Existing Single-Herbal Strategies against Viral Myocarditis. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:9952620. [PMID: 34456633 PMCID: PMC8371739 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9952620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herbal medicine is one of crucial symbols of Chinese national medicine. Investigation on molecular responses of different herbal strategies against viral myocarditis is immeasurably conducive to targeting drug development in the current international absence of miracle treatment. Methods Literature retrieval platforms were applied in the collection of existing empirical evidences for viral myocarditis-related single-herbal strategies. SwissTargetPrediction, Metascape, and Discovery Studio coordinating with multidatabases investigated underlying target genes, interactive proteins, and docking molecules in turn. Results Six single-herbal medicines consisting of Huangqi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim), Yuganzi (Phyllanthi Fructus), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Jianghuang (Curcumaelongae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), and Jixueteng (Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn) meet the requirement. There were 11 overlapped and 73 unique natural components detected in these herbs. SLC6A2, SLC6A4, NOS2, PPARA, PPARG, ACHE, CYP2C19, CYP51A1, and CHRM2 were equally targeted by six herbs and identified as viral myocarditis-associated symbols. MCODE algorithm exposed the hub role of SRC and EGFR in strategies without Jianghuang. Subsequently, we learned intermolecular interactions of herbal components and their targeting heart-tissue-specific CHRM2, FABP3, TNNC1, TNNI3, TNNT2, and SCN5A and cardiac-myocytes-specific IL6, MMP1, and PLAT coupled with viral myocarditis. Ten interactive characteristics such as π-alkyl and van der Waals were modeled in which ARG111, LYS253, ILE114, and VAL11 on cardiac troponin (TNNC1-TNNI3-TNNT2) and ARG208, ASN106, and ALA258 on MMP1 fulfilled potential communicating anchor with ellagic acid, 5α, 9α-dihydroxymatrine, and leachianone g via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, respectively. Conclusions The comprehensive outcomes uncover differences and linkages between six herbs against viral myocarditis through component and target analysis, fostering development of drugs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Song Y, Li X, Liu F, Zhu H, Shen Y. Isoalantolactone alleviates ovalbumin‑induced asthmatic inflammation by reducing alternatively activated macrophage and STAT6/PPAR‑γ/KLF4 signals. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:701. [PMID: 34368878 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone (IAL), a sesquiterpene lactone, has anti‑inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced sepsis. However, it remains to be elucidated whether IAL influences asthmatic inflammation. The present study found that IAL inhibited ovalbumin (OVA)‑induced asthmatic inflammation and attenuated OVA‑induced eosinophil infiltration, immunoglobulin E generation and the production of interleukin (IL)‑4, IL‑5, C‑C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)17 and CCL22. In addition, IAL treatment with IL‑4 reduced the expression of arginase‑1, Ym‑1, CCL17 and CCL22 in bone marrow‑derived macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, IAL inhibited IL‑4‑induced STAT6 phosphorylation and the expression of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ and Krüppel‑like factor 4. Collectively, the results suggested that IAL attenuated asthmatic inflammation and is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunduan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Operation Management Office, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai 200136, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Yao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xie C, Ye F, Zhang N, Huang Y, Pan Y, Xie X. CCL7 contributes to angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory phenotype. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7280-7293. [PMID: 34189838 PMCID: PMC8335673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine C‐C motif ligand 7 (CCL7), a member of CC chemokine subfamily, plays pivotal roles in numerous inflammatory diseases. Hyper‐activation of inflammation is an important characteristic of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of CCL7 on AAA formation. CCL7 abundance in aortic tissue and macrophage infiltration were both increased in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced AAA mice. Ex vivo, CCL7 promoted macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype. This effect was reversed by the blockage of CCR1, a receptor of CCL7. CCL7 up‐regulated JAK2/STAT1 protein level in macrophage, and CCL7‐induced M1 activation was suppressed by JAK2/STAT1 pathway inhibition. To verify the effect of CCL7 on AAA in vivo, either CCL7‐neutralizing antibody (CCL7‐nAb) or vehicles were intraperitoneally injected 24 hours prior to Ang II infusion and subsequently every three days for 4 weeks. CCL7‐nAb administration significantly attenuated Ang II‐induced luminal and external dilation as well as pathological remodelling. Immunostaining showed that CCL7‐nAb administration significantly decreased aneurysmal macrophage infiltration. In conclusion, CCL7 contributed to Ang II‐induced AAA by promoting M1 phenotype of macrophage through CCR1/JAK2/STAT1 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiming Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Pan
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Z, Meng Y, Miao Y, Yu L, Wei Q, Li Y, Zhang B, Yu Q. Propofol ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by enhancing macrophage M2 polarization through PPARγ/STAT3 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15511-15522. [PMID: 34111028 PMCID: PMC8221315 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (Pro) confers protection against renal ischemia/reperfusion (rI/R) injury through incompletely characterized mechanisms. Since Pro has shown net anti-inflammatory properties as part of its beneficial effects, we examined the potential role of Pro in the modulation of macrophage polarization status during both rI/R injury in vivo and exposure of cultured peritoneal macrophages (PMs) to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Rats were subjected to 45-min r/IR surgery or a sham procedure and administered PBS (vehicle) or Pro during the ischemia stage. Pro administration attenuated rI/R-induced kidney damage and renal TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL-10 expression. Enhanced macrophage M2 polarization, evidenced by reduced iNOS and increased Arg1 and Mrc1 mRNA levels, was further detected after Pro treatment both in the kidney, after rI/R in vivo, and in H/R-treated PMs. Pro administration also repressed phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) and increased p-STAT3, p-STAT6, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) mRNA levels in H/R-exposed PMs. Importantly, siRNA-mediated PPARγ silencing repressed Pro-mediated STAT3 activation in PMs and restored proinflammatory cytokine levels and prevented macrophage M2 marker expression in both rI/R-treated rats and cultured PMs. These findings suggest that Pro confers renoprotection against rI/R by stimulating PPARγ/STAT3-dependent macrophage conversion to the M2 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yanli Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Qianjie Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Botou Hospital, Botou, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Botou Hospital, Botou, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Qiannan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fu J, Zang Y, Zhou Y, Chen C, Shao S, Shi G, Wu L, Zhu G, Sun T, Zhang D, Zhang T. Exploring a novel triptolide derivative possess anti-colitis effect via regulating T cell differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107472. [PMID: 33611058 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is generally characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are known as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Although the underlying mechanism of action of IBD is unclear and because of the lack of satisfactory treatment, increasing evidence has indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate JAK-STAT signaling pathway regulate the differentiation of naïve T cells towards T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cell subsets and contribute to the development of IBD. ZT01 is a newly obtained triptolide derivative with strong anti-inflammatory effects and low toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ZT01 on DSS-induced colitis and investigated the underlying mechanism of action involved. Mice with DSS-induced acute or chronic colitis were used to assess the efficacy of ZT01 treatment, and T cells were cultured to analyze the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cell by flow cytometry. In addition, intestinal epithelial barrier function, macrophage polarization, activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the expression of cytokines and transcription factors were measured to assess the possible mechanisms of ZT01. We found that ZT01 had an obviously beneficial effect on DSS-induced colitis by improving the symptoms of bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and a shortened colon, thereby preserving the epithelial barrier function in the mouse colon. Furthermore, ZT01 significantly inhibited T cell differentiation into Th1 and/or Th17 cell subsets and macrophage polarization towards into an inflammatory phenotype via regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Thus, our findings suggested that ZT01 might be a potential pharmaceutical candidate that deserves to be further investigated as a treatment for IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yingda Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Dongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang L, Lian Z, Zhang B, Li Z, Zeng L, Li W, Bian Y. Effect of ligustrazine nanoparticles on Th1/Th2 balance by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in rats with postoperative peritoneal adhesion. BMC Surg 2021; 21:211. [PMID: 33902534 PMCID: PMC8077798 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is regarded as fibrous bands connecting both injured abdominal wall and organs or adjacent tissues. It is associated with T helper (Th)1 and Th2 differentiation. However, the critical role of the immunopathogenesis of adhesion formation was precisely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new agent polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles loaded with ligustrazine, that is, ligustrazine nanoparticles (LN) on PPA and identify the potential mechanism. Methods Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, model, LN, and sodium hyaluronate (SH) groups. The structure of LN, including entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), and in vitro drug release were calculated. Adhesions were scored and the Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the collagen deposition. The expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB were measured by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assay. Moreover, Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) in the cecum tissue and serum were conducted by ELISA. Results LN had good EE, LC, and control-release delivery characters with fairly uniform diameter and spherical morphology. It could effectively prevent adhesion formation after surgery. Besides, it could reduce collagen fibers accumulation, downregulate the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, and maintain Th1/Th2 balance. Conclusions Ligustrazine nanoparticles had effective effects on Th1/Th2 balance by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in PPA rats. It may be served as a promising therapy on postoperative adhesion formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyu Lian
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Digestive Department, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- School of Management, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AJ, UK
| | - Li Zeng
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,School of Second Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., Nanjing, 210023, China. .,TCM Nursing Intervention Laboratory of Chronic Disease Key Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu Y, Deng G, Wang X, Luo J, Qian X, Ling W. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside polarizes LPS-induced M1 into M2 Macrophage in J774 cells via PPARγ-mediated NF-κB and STAT6 signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
28
|
de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pan T, Zhou Q, Miao K, Zhang L, Wu G, Yu J, Xu Y, Xiong W, Li Y, Wang Y. Suppressing Sart1 to modulate macrophage polarization by siRNA-loaded liposomes: a promising therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1192-1206. [PMID: 33391530 PMCID: PMC7738894 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and diffuse form of interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology with a fatal outcome. Although various strategies for IPF have been developed over the last few decades, no significant positive impact on the prognosis of IPF has been observed. According to the current paradigm, macrophages have been recognized to play a significant role in IPF pathogenesis. Here, we report a potential nanomedicine-based gene therapy for IPF based on regulate macrophage polarization. Method: C57BL/6 mice were obtained and used to establish a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis animal model, and Sart1 siRNA-loaded liposomes were designed for in vivo experiment. The experimental animals were administered BLM intratracheally on day 0 and treated with Sart1 siRNA on days 14 and 17. In the in vitro experiment, we further examined the function of Sart1 in macrophages. Results: Our data indicated that the liposomes could passively target the fibrotic area in the lung and efficiently accumulate in macrophages. The suppression of Sart1 by siRNA-loaded liposomes significantly protected mice against BLM-induced lung injury and fibrosis, which was attributed to attenuated M2 macrophage infiltration in the lung. Conclusion: Our study provides a valuable reference for modulating macrophage polarization and a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
30
|
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion: an update on physiopathology and novel traditional herbal and modern medical therapeutics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:317-336. [PMID: 32979062 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is a serious clinical condition that affects the high percentage of patients after abdominal surgery. In this review, we have tried to focus on pathophysiology and different underlying signal pathways of adhesion formation based on recent progress in the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Also, the strategies, developed based on traditional herbal and modern medicines, to prevent and treat the PPA via regulation of the molecular mechanisms were investigated. The search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct have been used to evaluate the current literature related to the pathogenesis of adhesion formation and novel products. Recently, different mechanisms have been defined for adhesion formation, mainly categorized in fibrin formation and adhesion fibroblast function, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Therefore, the suppression of these mechanisms via traditional and modern medicine has been suggested in several studies. While different strategies with encouraging findings have been developed, most of the studies showed contradictory results and were performed on animals. The herbal products have been introduced as safe and effective agent which can be considered in future preclinical and clinical studies. Although a wide range of therapeutics based on traditional and modern medicines have been suggested, there is no agreement in the efficacy of these methods to prevent or treat adhesion formation after surgeries. Further basic and clinical researches are still needed to propose the efficiency of recommended strategies for prevention and treatment of PPA.
Collapse
|
31
|
Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8073467. [PMID: 32419827 PMCID: PMC7199640 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8073467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery. Although various methods have been applied to prevent and treat postoperative abdominal adhesion (PAA), few modern drugs designed for clinical applications have reached the expected preventive or therapeutic effect so far. There is an imperative to develop some new strategies for the treatment of PAA. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely practiced for thousands of years and played an indispensable role in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Modern medicine researchers have accepted the therapeutic effects of many active components derived from Chinese medicinal herbs. The review stresses the most commonly used TCM treatment, including Chinese medicinal herbals and monomers, TCM formulas, and acupuncture treatment.
Collapse
|