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Yuan CH, Hsu WC, Huang AM, Yuan BC, Chen IH, Hsu CA, Chen RF, Chu YM, Lin HH, Ke HL. MicroRNA-145-5p modulates Krüppel-like factor 5 and inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:28. [PMID: 35836107 PMCID: PMC9284881 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In several human cancers, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a zinc finger transcription factor, can contribute to both tumor progression or suppression; however, the precise role of KLF5 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains poorly understood. In this study, the association between KLF5 and microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) in NPC cells was elucidated. Results Our results showed that KLF5 expression was up-regulated in NPC group compared to normal group. We found that KLF5 exhibited an oncogenic role in NPC cells. The upregulation of miR-145-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. It was observed that miR-145-5p could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of KLF5 in NPC cell lines. Additionally, the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a migration marker, was regulated by miR-145-5p and KLF5 in NPC cells. Conclusions The results of this study indicated that miR-145-5p could repress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells via KLF5/FAK regulation, and could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with NPC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-022-00430-9.
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Lin TW, Lee HY, Yang SF, Li CC, Ke HL, Li WM, Li CY, Tu HP, Wu WJ, Yeh HC. Perineural Invasion is a Powerful Prognostic Factor for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Following Radical Nephroureterectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:3306-3317. [PMID: 34994908 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taiwan has the highest incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) worldwide. Although many pathological factors can predict the prognosis of UTUC, previous studies have rarely discussed perineural invasion (PNI). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of PNI on a well-established cohort of patients with UTUC. METHODS This retrospective study included 803 patients with non-metastatic UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between June 2000 and August 2019. Demographic and clinicopathological parameters, including PNI, were collected for analysis. Using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model, we evaluated the significance of PNI with respect to progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The median follow-up was 30.9 months, and there were 83 cases of PNI (10.3%). PNI-positive patients had unfavorable pathological features, including high pT stage, positive lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, and more lymphovascular invasion (all p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that PNI was significantly associated with PFS, CSS, and OS (all p < 0.00001), and when combined with lymphovascular invasion, patients could be divided into groups with distinct survival rates (all p < 0.00001). In multivariate analysis, PNI was an independent factor leading to worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-2.50; p = 0.004), CSS (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.58-4.10; p = 0.0001), and OS (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.19-2.65; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated an association between PNI and the prognosis of UTUC. Routine assessment of PNI in UTUC with standardized protocols may help achieve better risk stratification and subject selection for perioperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Wei Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, 90054, Taiwan.,Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Hourani T, Holden JA, Li W, Lenzo JC, Hadjigol S, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Tumor Associated Macrophages: Origin, Recruitment, Phenotypic Diversity, and Targeting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788365. [PMID: 34988021 PMCID: PMC8722774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to have a strong influence on tumorigenesis, with various components being involved in tumor suppression and tumor growth. A protumorigenic TME is characterized by an increased infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), where their presence is strongly associated with tumor progression, therapy resistance, and poor survival rates. This association between the increased TAMs and poor therapeutic outcomes are stemming an increasing interest in investigating TAMs as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Prominent mechanisms in targeting TAMs include: blocking recruitment, stimulating repolarization, and depletion methods. For enhancing targeting specificity multiple nanomaterials are currently being explored for the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic cargo, including the conjugation with TAM-targeting peptides. In this paper, we provide a focused literature review of macrophage biology in relation to their role in tumorigenesis. First, we discuss the origin, recruitment mechanisms, and phenotypic diversity of TAMs based on recent investigations in the literature. Then the paper provides a detailed review on the current methods of targeting TAMs, including the use of nanomaterials as novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Antimicrobial, Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines (ACTV) Research Group, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Liu R, Dai W, Wu A, Li Y. CircCDC45 promotes the malignant progression of glioblastoma by modulating the miR-485-5p/CSF-1 axis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1090. [PMID: 34627193 PMCID: PMC8501713 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by progressive growth and metastasis. Numerous studies claim that the deregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is associated with cancer progression. However, the role of circRNAs in GBM is largely limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of circCDC45 in GBM and provide a feasible functional mechanism to support its role. METHODS The expression of circCDC45, miR-485-5p and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) mRNA was examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit - 8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay. Cell migration and cell invasion were monitored using transwell assay. The protein levels of proliferation-related markers and CSF-1 were determined using western blot. The target relationship was predicted using bioinformatics tools and validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Animal models were constructed to verify the role of circCDC45 in vivo. RESULTS The expression of circCDC45 and CSF-1 was elevated in GBM tissues and cells, while the expression of miR-485-5p was declined. Downregulation of circCDC45 or CSF-1 blocked GBM cell proliferation, invasion and migration as well as tumor growth in vivo. In mechanism, circCDC45 positively regulated the expression of CSF-1 by targeting miR-485-5p. Inhibition of miR-485-5p reversed the biological effects caused by circCDC45 downregulation in GBM cells. CONCLUSION CircCDC45 promoted the progression of GBM by mediating the miR-485-5p/CSF-1 axis, and circCDC45 might be a promising plasmatic biomarker for GBM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 2, Zhongloudi, Kecheng District, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weimin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 2, Zhongloudi, Kecheng District, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - An Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 2, Zhongloudi, Kecheng District, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 2, Zhongloudi, Kecheng District, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
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Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Cassetta L, Pollard JW. Macrophage targeting in cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:18-41. [PMID: 32445205 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by their interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. During initial stages of tumor development, macrophages can either directly promote antitumor responses by killing tumor cells or indirectly recruit and activate other immune cells. As genetic changes occur within the tumor or T helper 2 (TH 2) cells begin to dominate the TME, TAMs begin to exhibit an immunosuppressive protumor phenotype that promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Thus, targeting TAMs has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. To date, TAM targeting strategies have focused on macrophage depletion and inhibition of their recruitment into the TME. However, these strategies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy, although trials are still underway with combination therapies. The fact that macrophages have the potential for antitumor activity has moved the TAM targeting field toward the development of TAM-reprogramming strategies to support this antitumor immune response. Here, we discuss the various roles of TAMs in cancer therapy and their immunosuppressive properties, as well as implications for emerging checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies. We review state-of-the-art TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on current ones at the preclinical and clinical trial stages that aim to reprogram TAMs as an oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Dai X, Chen X, Chen W, Chen Y, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Lu J. A Pan-cancer Analysis Reveals the Abnormal Expression and Drug Sensitivity of CSF1. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1296-1312. [PMID: 34102987 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) is a cytokine that is closely related to normal organ growth and development as well as tumor progression. OBJECTIVE We aimed to summarize and clarify the reasons for the abnormal expression of CSF1 in tumors and explore the role of CSF1 in tumor progression. Furthermore, drug response analysis may provide a reference for clinical medication. METHODS The expression of CSF1 was analyzed by TCGA and CCLE. Besides, cBioPortal and MethSurv databases were used to conduct mutation and DNA methylation analyses. Further, correlations between CSF1 expression and tumor stage, survival, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity and enrichment analyses were validated via UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TIMER, CTRP and Coexperia databases. RESULTS CSF1 is expressed in a variety of tissues, meaningfully, it can be detected in blood. Compared with normal tissues, CSF1 expression was significantly decreased in most tumors. The missense mutation and DNA methylation of CSF1 may cause the downregulated expression. Moreover, decreased CSF1 expression was related with higher tumor stage and worse survival. Further, the promoter DNA methylation level of CSF1 was prognostically significant in most tumors. Besides, CSF1 was closely related to immune infiltration, especially macrophages. Importantly, CSF1 expression was associated with a good response to VEGFRs inhibitors, which may be due to the possible involvement of CSF1 in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis processes. CONCLUSION The abnormal expression of CSF1 could serve as a promising biomarker of tumor progression and prognosis in pan-cancer. Significantly, angiogenesis and metastasis inhibitors may show a good response to CSF1-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuo Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Xinhuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiushuang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
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The M-CSF receptor in osteoclasts and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1239-1254. [PMID: 32801364 PMCID: PMC8080670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R. CSF1R-mediated signaling is crucial for the survival, function, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells, including osteoclasts, monocytes/macrophages, microglia, Langerhans cells in the skin, and Paneth cells in the intestine. CSF1R also plays an important role in oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract and in the maintenance and maturation of neural progenitor cells. Given that CSF1R is expressed in a wide range of myeloid cells, altered CSF1R signaling is implicated in inflammatory, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibiting CSF1R signaling through an inhibitory anti-CSF1R antibody or small molecule inhibitors that target the kinase activity of CSF1R has thus been a promising therapeutic strategy for those diseases. In this review, we cover the recent progress in our understanding of the various roles of CSF1R in osteoclasts and other myeloid cells, highlighting the therapeutic applications of CSF1R inhibitors in disease conditions. Drugs directed at a key signaling receptor involved in breaking down bone tissue could help treat diseases marked by pathological bone loss and destruction. In a review article, Kyung-Hyun Park-Min and colleagues from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA, discuss the essential roles played by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) protein in the survival, function, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage stem cells in the bone marrow, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts. They explore the links between the CSF1R-mediated signaling pathway and diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The authors largely focus on bone conditions, highlighting mouse studies in which CSF1R-blocking drugs were shown to ameliorate bone loss and inflammatory symptoms in models of arthritis, osteoporosis and metastatic cancer. Clinical trials are ongoing to test therapeutic applications.
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