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An R, Blackwell VK, Harandi B, Gibbons AC, Siu O, Irby I, Rees A, Cornejal N, Sattler KM, Sheng T, Syracuse NC, Loftus D, Santa Maria SR, Cekanaviciute E, Reinsch SS, Ray HE, Paul AM. Influence of the spaceflight environment on macrophage lineages. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38862517 PMCID: PMC11166655 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight and terrestrial spaceflight analogs can alter immune phenotypes. Macrophages are important immune cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and participate in immunoregulatory processes of homeostasis. Furthermore, macrophages are critically involved in initiating immunity, defending against injury and infection, and are also involved in immune resolution and wound healing. Heterogeneous populations of macrophage-type cells reside in many tissues and cause a variety of tissue-specific effects through direct or indirect interactions with other physiological systems, including the nervous and endocrine systems. It is vital to understand how macrophages respond to the unique environment of space to safeguard crew members with appropriate countermeasures for future missions in low Earth orbit and beyond. This review highlights current literature on macrophage responses to spaceflight and spaceflight analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky An
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Cornell University, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Virginia Katherine Blackwell
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bijan Harandi
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Tufts University, Department of Chemistry, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Alicia C Gibbons
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Siu
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Iris Irby
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Amy Rees
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Nadjet Cornejal
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Brooklyn College, Department of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- Ohio State University, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tao Sheng
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Nicholas C Syracuse
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Life Sciences Training Program, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- North Carolina State University, Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David Loftus
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Sergio R Santa Maria
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Sigrid S Reinsch
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Hami E Ray
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- ASRC Federal, Inc, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Amber M Paul
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA.
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
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Jin Y, Li D, Zheng X, Gao M, Wang W, Zhang X, Kang W, Zhang C, Wu S, Dai R, Zheng Z, Zhang R. A Novel Activatable Nanoradiosensitizer for Second Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Safe-Dose Synergetic Chemo-Radiotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308905. [PMID: 38419379 PMCID: PMC11077689 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The precise theranostics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a formidable challenge in clinical practice. Exploring novel applications of contemporary therapeutic approaches like chemo-radiotherapy is promising as a highly effective strategy for RA. Herein, a novel activatable nanoradiosensitizer-40 (denoted as IRnR-40) is developed, based on encapsulating the clinically approved drugs cisplatin (DDP) and indocyanine green (ICG) within a gelatin shell to achieve second near-infrared fluorescence (NIR-II FL) imaging-guided safe-dose synergetic chemo-radiotherapy. The high concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the RA microenvironment plays a pivotal role in triggering the responsive degradation of IRnR-40, leading to the rapid release of functional molecules DDP and ICG. The released ICG serves the dual purpose of illuminating the inflamed joints to facilitate accurate target volume delineation for guiding radiotherapy, as well as acting as a real-time reporter for quantifying the release of DDP to monitor efficacy. Meanwhile, the released DDP achieves highly effective synergistic chemotherapy and radiosensitization for RA via the dual reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. To sum up, this activatable nanoradiosensitizer IRnR-40 is believed to be the first attempt to achieve efficient NIR-II FL imaging-guided safe-dose chemo-radiotherapy for RA, which provides a new paradigm for precise theranostics of refractory benign diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Jin
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Research Team of Molecular MedicineFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
| | - Mengting Gao
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital)Taiyuan030032China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital)Taiyuan030032China
| | - Weiwei Kang
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
| | - Chongqing Zhang
- Department of RadiologyShanxi Province Cancer Hospital (Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University)Taiyuan030013China
| | - Shutong Wu
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
| | - Ziliang Zheng
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
- Department of OrthopedicsThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital)Taiyuan030032China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of RadiologyFifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital)Taiyuan030000China
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Ozmen E, Demir TD, Ozcan G. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: protagonists of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1340124. [PMID: 38562556 PMCID: PMC10982390 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1340124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced knowledge of the interaction of cancer cells with their environment elucidated the critical role of tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and chemoresistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts act as the protagonists of the tumor microenvironment, fostering the metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance of cancer cells and attenuating the anti-cancer immune responses. Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers in the clinic, refractory to anti-cancer therapies. Growing evidence indicates that cancer-associated fibroblasts are the most prominent risk factors for a poor tumor immune microenvironment and dismal prognosis in gastric cancer. Therefore, targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts may be central to surpassing resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics, molecular-targeted agents, and immunotherapies, improving survival in gastric cancer. However, the heterogeneity in cancer-associated fibroblasts may complicate the development of cancer-associated fibroblast targeting approaches. Although single-cell sequencing studies started dissecting the heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts, the research community should still answer these questions: "What makes a cancer-associated fibroblast protumorigenic?"; "How do the intracellular signaling and the secretome of different cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations differ from each other?"; and "Which cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes predominate specific cancer types?". Unveiling these questions can pave the way for discovering efficient cancer-associated fibroblast targeting strategies. Here, we review current knowledge and perspectives on these questions, focusing on how CAFs induce aggressiveness and therapy resistance in gastric cancer. We also review potential therapeutic approaches to prevent the development and activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts via inhibition of CAF inducers and CAF markers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Ozmen
- Koç University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tevriz Dilan Demir
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gulnihal Ozcan
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Li C, Ouyang Z, Huang Y, Lin S, Li S, Xu J, Liu T, Wu J, Guo P, Chen Z, Wu H, Ding Y. NOD2 attenuates osteoarthritis via reprogramming the activation of synovial macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:249. [PMID: 38124066 PMCID: PMC10731717 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation, which precedes other pathological changes in osteoarthritis (OA), is primarily initiated by activation and M1 polarization of macrophages. While macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process of OA, the mechanisms underlying their activation and polarization remain incompletely elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role of NOD2 as a reciprocal modulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling in macrophage activation and polarization during OA pathogenesis. DESIGN We examined NOD2 expression in the synovium and determined the impact of NOD2 on macrophage activation and polarization by knockdown and overexpression models in vitro. Paracrine effect of macrophages on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and chondrocytes was evaluated under conditions of NOD2 overexpression. Additionally, the in vivo effect of NOD2 was assessed using collagenase VII induced OA model in mice. RESULTS Expression of NOD2 was elevated in osteoarthritic synovium. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NOD2 serves as a negative regulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, NOD2 overexpression hampered the inflammatory paracrine effect of macrophages on FLS and chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that NOD2 overexpression mitigated OA in mice. CONCLUSIONS Supported by convincing evidence on the inhibitory role of NOD2 in modulating the activation and M1 polarization of synovial macrophages, this study provided novel insights into the involvement of innate immunity in OA pathogenesis and highlighted NOD2 as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhuji Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuhsi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Sipeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Taihe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jionglin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peidong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Zhang X, Cai X, Yan C. Opportunities and challenges in combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:18253-18270. [PMID: 37985502 PMCID: PMC10725359 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of esophageal cancer, but using it alone only benefits a small number of patients. Most patients either do not have a significant response or develop secondary drug resistance. The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy appears to be a promising approach to treating esophageal cancer. PURPOSE We reviewed milestone clinical trials of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for esophageal cancer. We then discussed potential biomarkers for radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy, including programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, ct-DNA, imaging biomarkers, and clinical factors. Furthermore, we emphasize the key mechanisms of radiation therapy-induced immune stimulation and immune suppression in order to propose strategies for overcoming immune resistance in radiation therapy (RT). Lastly, we discussed the emerging role of low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) , which has become a promising approach to overcome the limitations of high-dose radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy can be considered a triggering factor for systemic anti-tumor immune response and, with the assistance of immunotherapy, can serve as a systemic treatment option and potentially become the standard treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 666 Weizhou Road, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinsheng Cai
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 666 Weizhou Road, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Chaoguang Yan
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 666 Weizhou Road, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
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Song HY, Chen F, Park HR, Han JM, Ji HJ, Byun EB, Kwon Y, Kim MK, Ahn KB, Seo HS. Low-dose radiation therapy suppresses viral pneumonia by enhancing broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory responses via transforming growth factor-β production. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182927. [PMID: 37304302 PMCID: PMC10248130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) can suppress intractable inflammation, such as that in rheumatoid arthritis, and is used for treating more than 10,000 rheumatoid arthritis patients annually in Europe. Several recent clinical trials have reported that LDRT can effectively reduce the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other cases of viral pneumonia. However, the therapeutic mechanism of LDRT remains unelucidated. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying immunological alterations in influenza pneumonia after LDRT. Mice were irradiated to the whole lung 1 day post-infection. The changes in levels of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and chemokines) and immune cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), lungs, and serum were examined. LDRT-treated mice displayed markedly increased survival rates and reduced lung edema and airway and vascular inflammation in the lung; however, the viral titers in the lungs were unaffected. Levels of primary inflammatory cytokines were reduced after LDRT, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels increased significantly on day 1 following LDRT. Levels of chemokines increased from day 3 following LDRT. Additionally, M2 macrophage polarization or recruitment was increased following LDRT. We found that LDRT-induced TGF-β reduced the levels of cytokines and polarized M2 cells and blocked immune cell infiltration, including neutrophils, in BALF. LDRT-induced early TGF-β production was shown to be a key regulator involved in broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity in virus-infected lungs. Therefore, LDRT or TGF-β may be an alternative therapy for viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeon Song
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengjia Chen
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ran Park
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moo Han
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute (DRI), and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongkag Kwon
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint Food and Agricultural Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency (FAO/IAEA) Centre for Nuclear Applications in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Deloch L, Rückert M, Weissmann T, Lettmaier S, Titova E, Wolff T, Weinrich F, Fietkau R, Gaipl US. The various functions and phenotypes of macrophages are also reflected in their responses to irradiation: A current overview. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 376:99-120. [PMID: 36997271 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a vital part of the innate immune system that are involved in healthy biological processes but also in disease modulation and response to therapy. Ionizing radiation is commonly used in the treatment of cancer and, in a lower dose range, as additive therapy for inflammatory diseases. In general, lower doses of ionizing radiation are known to induce rather anti-inflammatory responses, while higher doses are utilized in cancer treatment where they result, next to tumor control, in rather inflammatory responses. Most experiments that have been carried out in ex vivo on macrophages find this to be true, however in vivo, tumor-associated macrophages, for example, show a contradictory response to the respective dose-range. While some knowledge in radiation-induced modulations of macrophages has been collected, many of the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Due to their pivotal role in the human body, however, they are a great target in therapy and could potentially aid in better treatment outcome. We therefore summarized the current knowledge of macrophage mediated radiation responses.
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Laurent PA, Morel D, Meziani L, Depil S, Deutsch E. Radiotherapy as a means to increase the efficacy of T-cell therapy in solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2158013. [PMID: 36567802 PMCID: PMC9788698 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2158013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have demonstrated significant improvements in the treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies that previously showed limited survival. In contrast, early-phase clinical studies targeting solid tumors have been disappointing. This may be due to both a lack of specific and homogeneously expressed targets at the surface of tumor cells, as well as intrinsic properties of the solid tumor microenvironment that limit homing and activation of adoptive T cells. Faced with these antagonistic conditions, radiotherapy (RT) has the potential to change the overall tumor landscape, from depleting tumor cells to reshaping the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we describe the current landscape and discuss how RT may play a pivotal role for enhancing the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in solid tumors. Indeed, by improving homing, expansion and activation of infused T cells while reducing tumor volume and heterogeneity, the use of RT could help the implementation of engineered T cells in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Laurent
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France,CONTACT Pierre-Antoine Laurent Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UNICANCER, Villejuif94805, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay; SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Daphne Morel
- Drug Development Department (D.I.T.E.P), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydia Meziani
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
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Weissmann T, Rückert M, Zhou JG, Seeling M, Lettmaier S, Donaubauer AJ, Nimmerjahn F, Ott OJ, Hecht M, Putz F, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US, Deloch L. Low-Dose Radiotherapy Leads to a Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Shift in the Pre-Clinical K/BxN Serum Transfer Model and Reduces Osteoarthritic Pain in Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 12:777792. [PMID: 35046940 PMCID: PMC8763318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading degenerative joint disease in the western world and leads, if left untreated, to a progressive deterioration of joint functionality, ultimately reducing quality of life. Recent data has shown, that especially OA of the ankle and foot are among the most frequently affected regions. Current research in OA points towards a complex involvement of various cell and tissue types, often accompanied by inflammation. Low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) is widely used for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. While the reported analgesic effects are well known, the underlying molecular mechanisms are only poorly understood. We therefore correlated a clinical approach, looking at pain reduction in 196 patients treated with LDRT with a pre-clinical approach, utilizing the K/BxN serum transfer mouse model using flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA for analysis. While an improvement of symptoms in the majority of patients was found, patients suffering from symptoms within the tarsi transversa show a significantly lower level of improvement. Further, a significant impact of therapy success was detected depending on whether only one or both feet were affected. Further, patients of younger age showed a significantly better outcome than older ones while needing fewer treatment series. When looking on a cellular level within the mouse model, a systemic alteration of immune cells namely a shift from CD8+ to CD4+ T cells and reduced numbers of DCs was observed. A general reduction of inflammatory cytokines was detected, with significant alterations in IL-4 and IL-17 levels, all of which could potentially be responsible for the highly effective clinical improvement in patients. Taken together our data indicate that LDRT can be regarded as a highly effective treatment option for patients suffering from OA of the foot and ankle, in terms of analgesic effects, especially in younger patients. Furthermore, the observed effects are mediated by an interplay of cellular and soluble immune factors, as observed in the K/BxN serum transfer model. With this interdisciplinary approach we aim to encourage the usage of LDRT as an additive treatment strategy not only as a last resort, but also earlier in the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weissmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jian-Guo Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Oncology, The second affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lettmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Jasmina Donaubauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Ott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Putz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Jost T, Heinzerling L, Fietkau R, Hecht M, Distel LV. Palbociclib Induces Senescence in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cells and Leads to Additive Growth Arrest in Combination With Irradiation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740002. [PMID: 34722291 PMCID: PMC8548830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several kinase inhibitors (KI) bear the potential to act as radiosensitizers. Little is known of the radiosensitizing effects of a wide range of other KI like palbociclib, which is approved in ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Method In our study, we used healthy donor fibroblasts and breast cancer and skin cancer cells to investigate the influence of a concomitant KI + radiation therapy. Cell death and cell cycle distribution were studied by flow cytometry after Annexin-V/7-AAD and Hoechst staining. Cellular growth arrest was studied in colony-forming assays. Furthermore, we used C12-FDG staining (senescence) and mRNA expression analysis (qPCR) to clarify cellular mechanisms. Results The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib induced a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Cellular toxicity (cell death) was only slightly increased by palbociclib and not enhanced by additional radiotherapy. As the main outcome of the colony formation assays, we found that cellular growth arrest was induced by palbociclib and improved by radiotherapy in an additive manner. Noticeably, palbociclib treatment clearly induced senescence not only in breast cancer and partly in melanoma cells, but also in healthy fibroblasts. According to these findings, the downregulation of senescence-related FOXM1 might be an involved mechanism of the senescence-induction potential of palbociclib. Conclusion The effect on cellular growth arrest of palbociclib and radiotherapy is additive. Palbociclib induces permanent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by inducing senescence in fibroblasts, breast cancer, and melanoma cells. Direct cell death induction is only a minor secondary mechanism of action. Concomitant KI and radiotherapy is a strategy worth studying in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Shang S, Liu J, Verma V, Wu M, Welsh J, Yu J, Chen D. Combined treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1086-1099. [PMID: 34658186 PMCID: PMC8626591 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory, as the majority of patients either do not experience an objective response or acquire secondary resistance. As a result, several methods to enhance the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy have been investigated, including a large area of active research by combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy (RT). Given the rapidly burgeoning concept of combining immunotherapy and RT for increasing therapeutic benefit, we review the progress in this field thus far and explore further avenues for enhancing this combination. This review commences with a discussion of the only two existing randomized trials (and a pooled analysis) showing that the addition of RT to immunotherapy improves the abscopal response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival in metastatic NSCLC patients. We then discussed factors and biomarkers that may be associated with a proportionally greater benefit to additional RT, such as low programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD‐L1) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and patient's immune function. Next, the implementation of RT to overcome immunotherapy resistance is discussed, including a mechanistic discussion and methods with which these mechanisms could be exploited. Lastly, the emerging role of low‐dose RT is discussed, which may help to overcome inhibitory signals in the tumor stroma that limit T‐cell infiltration. Taken together, given the current state of this rapidly expanding realm, these futuristic strategies may be reflected upon to further enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for a wider group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Shang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas, 77030, the United States of America
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
| | - James Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas, 77030, the United States of America
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
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12
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Yu J, Azzam EI, Jadhav AB, Wang Y. COVID-19: The Disease, the Immunological Challenges, the Treatment with Pharmaceuticals and Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2021; 10:2212. [PMID: 34571861 PMCID: PMC8470324 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 will be carved in the history books-with the proliferation of COVID-19 over the globe and with frontline health workers and basic scientists worldwide diligently fighting to alleviate life-threatening symptoms and curb the spread of the disease. Behind the shocking prevalence of death are countless families who lost loved ones. To these families and to humanity as a whole, the tallies are not irrelevant digits, but a motivation to develop effective strategies to save lives. However, at the onset of the pandemic, not many therapeutic choices were available besides supportive oxygen, anti-inflammatory dexamethasone, and antiviral remdesivir. Low-dose radiation (LDR), at a much lower dosage than applied in cancer treatment, re-emerged after a 75-year silence in its use in unresolved pneumonia, as a scientific interest with surprising effects in soothing the cytokine storm and other symptoms in severe COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the epidemiology, symptoms, immunological alterations, mutations, pharmaceuticals, and vaccine development of COVID-19, summarizing the history of X-ray irradiation in non-COVID diseases (especially pneumonia) and the currently registered clinical trials that apply LDR in treating COVID-19 patients. We discuss concerns, advantages, and disadvantages of LDR treatment and potential avenues that may provide empirical evidence supporting its potential use in defending against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Yu
- Radiobiology and Health, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (J.Y.); (E.I.A.); (A.B.J.)
| | - Edouard I. Azzam
- Radiobiology and Health, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (J.Y.); (E.I.A.); (A.B.J.)
| | - Ashok B. Jadhav
- Radiobiology and Health, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (J.Y.); (E.I.A.); (A.B.J.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (J.Y.); (E.I.A.); (A.B.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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13
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Wu M, Liu J, Seery S, Meng X, Yue J. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Promoted Abscopal Effect of Camrelizumab Combined With Radiotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646085. [PMID: 34211459 PMCID: PMC8239433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little evidence around Camrelizumab combined with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and radiotherapy (RT) as a treatment option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The influence of CN on immune responses and the abscopal effect are not well understood. In this paper, we report a case of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) treated with combined RT once CN reduced the primary tumor burden (TB). This patient also encountered an increased response to targeted radiotherapy after immune resistance. We also observed a macrophage-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) peak, which may be correlated with subsequent pseudoprogression after thoracic radiotherapy. Consequently, even with the disease, this patient has remained stable. This peculiar instance suggests there is a need to investigate the underlying mechanisms of CN in promoting the abscopal effect during immunotherapy when combined with RT. It also suggests that there is a need for further investigation into the role of RT in overcoming immune resistance, and the value of MLR in predicting pseudoprogression. We hypothesize that a heavy tumor burden might suppress the abscopal effect, thereby ensuring that CN promotes it. However, radiotherapy may overcome immune resistance during oligoprogression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Samuel Seery
- Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, City of Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Meng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinbo Yue
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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14
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Khan MK, Hess CB. A Call to Action: "Low-Dose Radiation May Help Cure COVID-19…" [Taps Mic] "…Is This Thing On?". JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkaa105. [PMID: 33437926 PMCID: PMC7717254 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clayton B Hess
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Wu Z, Ma D, Yang H, Gao J, Zhang G, Xu K, Zhang L. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: Surface markers and phenotypes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107392. [PMID: 33529910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects synovial joints. During the course of RA, the synovium transforms into hyperplastic invasive tissue, leading to cartilage and bone destruction. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial lining develop aggressive phenotypes and produce pathogenic mediators that lead to the occurrence and progression of disease, playing a major role in RA pathophysiology. Therefore, research on FLS has become the main focus within the RA field. With technical advances and the development of multi-omics comprehensive analysis approaches, it has become possible to identify different FLS subsets via high-throughput sequencing and investigate differences between FLS phenotypes, allowing for the detailed study of RA pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent works on FLS subtypes and the surface marker proteins identified for different subtypes, providing a theoretical basis and reference for future studies on FLS in RA. The current work also addresses the clinical potential of FLS surface markers in RA based on related research from other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wu
- Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, PR China.
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Helin Yang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, PR China.
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Gailian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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16
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Koosha F, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bakhshandeh M, Bashash D. Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) for COVID-19-induced pneumopathy: a worth considering approach. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:302-312. [PMID: 33320755 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1864049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It seems that 2020 would be always remembered by the name of novel coronavirus (designated as SARS-CoV-2), which exerted its deteriorating effects on the health care, economy, education, and political relationships. In August 2020 more than eight hundred thousand patients lost their lives due to acute respiratory syndrome. In the limited list of therapeutic approaches, the effectiveness of low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) for curing inflammatory-related diseases have sparkled a light that probably this approach would bring promising advantages for COVID-19 patients. LD-RT owns its reputation from its ability to modulate the host inflammatory responses by blocking the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hampering the activity of leukocytes. Moreover, the cost-effective and availability of this method allow it to be applied to a large number of patients, especially those who could not receive anti-IL-6 treatments in low-income countries. But enthusiasm for applying LD-RT for the treatment of COVID-19 patients has been muted yet. CONCLUSION In this review, we take a look at LD-RT mechanisms of action in the treatment of nonmalignant diseases, and then through studying both the dark and bright sides of this approach, we provide a thorough discussion if LD-RT might be a promising therapeutic approach in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Koosha
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Lara PC, Burgos J, Macias D. Low dose lung radiotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia. The rationale for a cost-effective anti-inflammatory treatment. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 23:27-29. [PMID: 32373721 PMCID: PMC7193092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemia is affecting people worldwide. Most of the patients suffered of a respiratory disease that will progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia severely ill patients, develop a systemic inflammatory response with a Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), that is characterized by a sudden increase in several pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alfa by activated macrophages (M1 phenotype). Blocking IL-6 with tocilizumab and using respirator equipment seems to be a very important issue in this (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, but not all patients are referred to such treatments. Low dose radiotherapy (0,5 Gy), is an evidence-based anti-inflammatory treatment, that could modify the immune landscape in the lung affected of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, through macrophages polarization to alternatively activated Macrophages (M2 phenotype). Radiation-induced cancer risk could be assumed due to the very low dose used, the advanced age of the patients and the life-threatening condition of SARS-Cov2 pneumonia. LDRT is a cost-effective non-toxic treatment already available in most general hospitals. This fact allows that it would be used for the large number of patients that will suffer this disease, and that would not receive specific anti-IL-6 treatments in ICUs in low and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C. Lara
- Dept Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Roque, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Javier Burgos
- Dept Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Roque, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Macias
- Dept Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Roque, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
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18
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Lara PC, Nguyen NP, Macias-Verde D, Burgos-Burgos J, Arenas M, Zamagni A, Vinh-Hung V, Baumert BG, Motta M, Myint AS, Bonet M, Popescu T, Vuong T, Appalanaido GK, Trigo L, Karlsson U, Thariat J. Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Recommendation of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group. Aging Dis 2020; 11:489-493. [PMID: 32489696 PMCID: PMC7220282 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A cytokine storm induced by SARS-Cov2 may produce pneumonitis which may be fatal for older patients with underlying lung disease. Hyper-elevation of Interleukin1 (IL-1), Tumor necrosis factor-1alfa (TNF-1 alfa), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by inflammatory macrophage M1 may damage the lung alveoli leading to severe pneumonitis, decreased oxygenation, and potential death despite artificial ventilation. Older patients may not be suitable candidates for pharmaceutical intervention targeting IL-1/6 blockade or artificial ventilation. Low dose total lung (LDTL) irradiation at a single dose of 50 cGy may stop this cytokine cascade, thus preventing, and/or reversing normal organs damage. This therapy has been proven in the past to be effective against pneumonitis of diverse etiology and could be used to prevent death of older infected patients. Thus, LDRT radiotherapy may be a cost-effective treatment for this frail patient population whom radiation -induced malignancy is not a concern because of their advanced age. This hypothesis should be tested in future prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Lara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Roque, Fernando Pessoa Canarias Las Palmas University, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Nam P Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington D.C., USA.
| | - David Macias-Verde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Roque, Fernando Pessoa Canarias Las Palmas University, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Javier Burgos-Burgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Roque, Fernando Pessoa Canarias Las Palmas University, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant Joan de Reus University, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Alice Zamagni
- Radiation Oncology Center, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vincent Vinh-Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Martinique, Martinique, France.
| | - Brigitta G Baumert
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland.
| | - Micaela Motta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Arthur Sun Myint
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Center, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Marta Bonet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Tiberiu Popescu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Te Vuong
- Department Of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | | | - Lurdes Trigo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto Portuges de Oncologia Porto Francisco Gentil E.P.E, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ulf Karlsson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, International Geriatric Group, Washington D.C., USA.
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baclesse Cancer Center, Caen, France.
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19
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Radiobiological Principles of Radiotherapy for Benign Diseases. Radiat Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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