1
|
Li X, Wang Y, Wang X, Shen Y, Yuan Y, He Q, Mao S, Wu C, Zhou M. Downregulation of SMAD4 protects HaCaT cells against UVB-induced damage and oxidative stress through the activation of EMT. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1051-1065. [PMID: 38684635 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
As a member of the SMAD family, SMAD4 plays a crucial role in several cellular biological processes. However, its function in UVB radiation-induced keratinocyte damage is not yet clarified. Our study aims to provide mechanistic insight for the development of future UVB protective therapies and therapeutics involving SMAD4. HaCaT cells were treated with UVB, and the dose dependence and time dependence of UVB were measured. The cell function of UVB-treated HaCaT cells and the activity of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after overexpression or silencing of SMAD4 was observed by flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blots (WB). We found that a significant decrease in SMAD4 was observed in HaCaT cells induced by UVB. Our data confirm SMAD4 as a direct downstream target of miR-664. The down-regulation of SMAD4 preserved the viability of the UVB-treated HaCaT cells by inhibiting autophagy or apoptosis. Furthermore, the silencing of SMAD4 activated the EMT process in UVB-treated HaCaT cells. Down-regulation of SMAD4 plays a protective role in UVB-treated HaCaT cells via the activation of EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545000, China
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou Branch of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Taizhou Cancer Hospital), Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yawen Yuan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingquan He
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou Branch of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Taizhou Cancer Hospital), Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Shuyi Mao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Cailian Wu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sinclair R, Wong XL, Shumack S, Baker C, MacMahon B. The role of micrometastasis in high-risk skin cancers. Australas J Dermatol 2024; 65:143-152. [PMID: 38156714 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The propensity to metastasize is the most important prognostic indicator for solid cancers. New insights into the mechanisms of early carcinogenesis have revealed micrometastases are generated far earlier than previously thought. Evidence supports a synergistic relationship between vascular and lymphatic seeding which can occur before there is clinical evidence of a primary tumour. Early vascular seeding prepares distal sites for colonisation while regional lymphatics are co-opted to promote facilitative cancer cell mutations. In response, the host mounts a global inflammatory and immunomodulatory response towards these cells supporting the concept that cancer is a systemic disease. Cancer staging systems should be refined to better reflect cancer cell loads in various tissue compartments while clinical perspectives should be broadened to encompass this view when approaching high-risk cancers. Measured adjunctive therapies implemented earlier for low-volume, in-transit cancer offers the prospect of preventing advanced disease and the need for heroic therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to re-appraise how we view the metastatic process for solid cancers. It will explore in-transit metastasis in the context of high-risk skin cancer and how it dictates disease progression. It will also discuss how these implications will influence our current staging systems and its consequences on management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sinclair
- Queensland Institute of Dermatology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xin Lin Wong
- St George Dermatology and Skin Cancer Centre, New South Wales, Kogarah, Australia
| | - Stephen Shumack
- St George Dermatology and Skin Cancer Centre, New South Wales, Kogarah, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Baker
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincents Hospital, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shirley CA, Chhabra G, Amiri D, Chang H, Ahmad N. Immune escape and metastasis mechanisms in melanoma: breaking down the dichotomy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336023. [PMID: 38426087 PMCID: PMC10902921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms of the skin. Despite the revolutionary introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, metastatic spread, and recurrence remain critical problems in resistant cases. Melanoma employs a multitude of mechanisms to subvert the immune system and successfully metastasize to distant organs. Concerningly, recent research also shows that tumor cells can disseminate early during melanoma progression and enter dormant states, eventually leading to metastases at a future time. Immune escape and metastasis have previously been viewed as separate phenomena; however, accumulating evidence is breaking down this dichotomy. Recent research into the progressive mechanisms of melanoma provides evidence that dedifferentiation similar to classical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), genes involved in neural crest stem cell maintenance, and hypoxia/acidosis, are important factors simultaneously involved in immune escape and metastasis. The likeness between EMT and early dissemination, and differences, also become apparent in these contexts. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms behind "dual drivers" simultaneously promoting metastatically inclined and immunosuppressive environments can yield novel strategies effective in disabling multiple facets of melanoma progression. Furthermore, understanding progression through these drivers may provide insight towards novel treatments capable of preventing recurrence arising from dormant dissemination or improving immunotherapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Shirley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deeba Amiri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pimenta J, Prada J, Pires I, Cotovio M. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors. Vet Sci 2024; 11:77. [PMID: 38393095 PMCID: PMC10891553 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine melanocytic tumors are common and have an unusual benign behavior with low invasiveness and metastatic rates. However, tumoral mass growth is usually a concern that can have life-threatening consequences. COX-2 is related to oncogenesis, promoting neoplastic cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in equine melanocytic tumors. Through extension and intensity of labeling, 39 melanocytomas and 38 melanomas were evaluated. Of the malignant tumors, 13.2% were negative and 63.2% presented a low COX-2 expression. Only 6 malignant tumors presented >50% of labeled cells, 18 malignant and 8 benign had an expression between 21 and 50%, 8 malignant and 3 benign tumors had an expression between 6 and 20%, 1 malignant tumor had an expression between 1 and 5%, and 5 malignant and 28 benign tumors had no expression. Malignant tumors showed higher COX-2 expression than did benign tumors, with statistically significant differences. The low levels of COX-2 may be one of the molecular reasons for the presence of expansive mass growth instead of the invasive pattern of other species, which is related to high COX-2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Pimenta
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, EUVG—Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Cotovio
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fontana F, Sommariva M, Anselmi M, Bianchi F, Limonta P, Gagliano N. Differentiation States of Phenotypic Transition of Melanoma Cells Are Revealed by 3D Cell Cultures. Cells 2024; 13:181. [PMID: 38247872 PMCID: PMC10814891 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is characterized by high metastatic potential favored by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading melanoma cells to exhibit a spectrum of typical EMT markers. This study aimed to analyze the expression of EMT markers in A375 and BLM melanoma cell lines cultured in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids using morphological and molecular methods. The expression of EMT markers was strongly affected by 3D arrangement and revealed a hybrid phenotype for the two cell lines. Indeed, although E-cadherin was almost undetectable in both A375 and BLM cells, cortical actin was detected in A375 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids and was strongly expressed in BLM 3D spheroids. The mesenchymal marker N-cadherin was significantly up-regulated in A375 3D spheroids while undetectable in BLM cells, but vimentin was similarly expressed in both cell lines at the gene and protein levels. This pattern suggests that A375 cells exhibit a more undifferentiated/mesenchymal phenotype, while BLM cells have more melanocytic/differentiated characteristics. Accordingly, the Zeb1 and 2, Slug, Snail and Twist gene expression analyses showed that they were differentially expressed in 2D monolayers compared to 3D spheroids, supporting this view. Furthermore, A375 cells are characterized by a greater invasive potential, strongly influenced by 3D arrangement, compared to the BLM cell line, as evaluated by SDS-zymography and TIMPs gene expression analysis. Finally, TGF-β1, a master controller of EMT, and lysyl oxidase (LOX), involved in melanoma progression, were strongly up-regulated by 3D arrangement in the metastatic BLM cells alone, likely playing a role in the metastatic phases of melanoma progression. Overall, these findings suggest that A375 and BLM cells possess a hybrid/intermediate phenotype in relation to the expression of EMT markers. The former is characterized by a more mesenchymal/undifferentiated phenotype, while the latter shows a more melanocytic/differentiated phenotype. Our results contribute to the characterization of the role of EMT in melanoma cells and confirm that a 3D cell culture model could provide deeper insight into our understanding of the biology of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Martina Anselmi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- U. O. Laboratorio Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (F.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vaz da Luz KT, Gonçalves JP, de Lima Bellan D, Visnheski BRC, Schneider VS, Cortes Cordeiro LM, Vargas JE, Puga R, da Silva Trindade E, de Oliveira CC, Simas FF. Molecular weight-dependent antitumor effects of prunes-derived type I arabinogalactan on human and murine triple wild-type melanomas. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:108986. [PMID: 38042036 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of metastasis-related cellular aspects of two structurally similar AGIs from prunes tea infusion, with different molar masses, was studied in vitro against Triple Wild-Type metastatic melanoma (TWM) from murine and human origin. The higher molar mass AGI (AGI-78KDa) induced TWMs cells death and, in murine cell line, it decreased some metastasis-related cellular processes: invasiveness capacity, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, and colonies sizes. The lower molar mass AGI (AGI-12KDa) did not induce cell death but decreased TWMs proliferation rate and, in murine cell line, it decreased cell adhesion and colonies sizes. Both AGIs alter the clonogenic capacity of human cell line. In spite to understand why we saw so many differences between AGIs effects on murine and human cell lines we performed in silico analysis that demonstrated differential gene expression profiles between them. Complementary network topological predictions suggested that AGIs can modulate multiple pathways in a specie-dependent manner, which explain differential results obtained in vitro between cell lines. Our results pointed to therapeutic potential of AGIs from prunes tea against TWMs and showed that molecular weight of AGIs may influence their antitumor effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keila Taiana Vaz da Luz
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Lima Bellan
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Renata Caitano Visnheski
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suzane Schneider
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Mach Cortes Cordeiro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Renato Puga
- Hermes Pardini Institute, CEP 04038-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da Silva Trindade
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fogagnoli Simas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuras M. Exploring the Complex and Multifaceted Interplay between Melanoma Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14403. [PMID: 37762707 PMCID: PMC10531837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer, characterized by a heterogeneous nature and high metastatic potential. The incidence of melanoma is continuously increasing worldwide, and it is one of the most common cancers in young adults. In the past twenty years, our understanding of melanoma biology has increased profoundly, and disease management for patients with disseminated disease has improved due to the emergence of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, a significant fraction of patients relapse or do not respond adequately to treatment. This can partly be explained by the complex signaling between the tumor and its microenvironment, giving rise to melanoma phenotypes with different patterns of disease progression. This review focuses on the key aspects and complex relationship between pathogenesis, genetic abnormalities, tumor microenvironment, cellular plasticity, and metabolic reprogramming in melanoma. By acquiring a deeper understanding of the multifaceted features of melanomagenesis, we can reach a point of more individualized and patient-centered disease management and reduced costs of ineffective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kuras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kircali MF, Turanli B. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Molecular Substrates Revealed by Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Networks. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:381-392. [PMID: 37540140 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic disease of the lung with poor prognosis. Fibrosis results from remodeling of the interstitial tissue. A wide range of gene expression changes are observed, but the role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNA) is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to establish an messenger RNA (mRNA)-miRNA-circRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network to uncover novel molecular signatures using systems biology tools. Six datasets were used to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNA). Accordingly, protein-protein, mRNA-miRNA, and miRNA-circRNA interactions were constructed. Modules were determined and further analyzed in the Drug Gene Budger platform to identify potential therapeutic compounds. We uncovered common 724 DEGs and 278 DEmiRNAs. In the protein-protein interaction network, TMPRSS4, ESR2, TP73, CLEC4E, and TP63 were identified as hub protein coding genes. The mRNA-miRNA interaction network revealed two modules composed of ADRA1A, ADRA1B, hsa-miR-484 and CDH2, TMPRSS4, and hsa-miR-543. The DEmiRNAs in the modules further analyzed to propose potential circRNA regulators in the ceRNA network. These results help deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of IPF. In addition, the molecular leads reported herein might inform future innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics research and development for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Fatih Kircali
- School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rezaie Y, Fattahi F, Mashinchi B, Kamyab Hesari K, Montazeri S, Kalantari E, Madjd Z, Saeednejad Zanjani L. High expression of Talin-1 is associated with tumor progression and recurrence in melanoma skin cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:302. [PMID: 37013489 PMCID: PMC10069040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talin-1 as a component of multi-protein adhesion complexes plays a role in tumor formation and migration in various malignancies. This study investigated Talin-1 in protein levels as a potential prognosis biomarker in skin tumors. METHODS Talin-1 was evaluated in 106 skin cancer (33 melanomas and 73 non-melanomas skin cancer (NMSC)) and 11 normal skin formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples using immunohistochemical technique on tissue microarrays (TMAs). The association between the expression of Talin-1 and clinicopathological parameters, as well as survival outcomes, were assessed. RESULTS Our findings from data minings through bioinformatics tools indicated dysregulation of Talin-1 in mRNA levels for skin cancer samples. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in Talin-1 expression in terms of intensity of staining, percentage of positive tumor cells, and H-score in melanoma tissues compared to NMSC (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, high cytoplasmic expression of Talin-1 was found to be associated with significantly advanced stages (P = 0.024), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.023), and recurrence (P = 0.006) in melanoma cancer tissues. Our results on NMSC showed a statistically significant association between high intensity of staining and the poor differentiation (P = 0.044). No significant associations were observed between Talin-1 expression levels and survival outcomes of melanoma and NMSC patients. CONCLUSION Our observations showed that higher expression of Talin1 in protein level may be significantly associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and advanced disease in patients with skin cancer. However, further studies are required to find the mechanism of action of Talin-1 in skin cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Rezaie
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Baharnaz Mashinchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Kamyab Hesari
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Montazeri
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran.
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran.
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flori E, Mosca S, Cardinali G, Briganti S, Ottaviani M, Kovacs D, Manni I, Truglio M, Mastrofrancesco A, Zaccarini M, Cota C, Piaggio G, Picardo M. The Activation of PPARγ by (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic Acid Counteracts the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Process in Skin Carcinogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071007. [PMID: 37048080 PMCID: PMC10093137 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common UV-induced keratinocyte-derived cancer, and its progression is characterized by the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We previously demonstrated that PPARγ activation by 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (Octa) prevents cutaneous UV damage. We investigated the possible role of the PPARγ activators Octa and the new compound (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid (A02) in targeting keratinocyte-derived skin cancer. Like Octa, A02 exerted a protective effect against UVB-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in NHKs. In the squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells, A02 inhibited cell proliferation and increased differentiation markers’ expression. Moreover, Octa and even more A02 counteracted the TGF-β1-dependent increase in mesenchymal markers, intracellular ROS, the activation of EMT-related signal transduction pathways, and cells’ migratory capacity. Both compounds, especially A02, counterbalanced the TGF-β1-induced cell membrane lipid remodeling and the release of bioactive lipids involved in EMT. In vivo experiments on a murine model useful to study cell proliferation in adult animals showed the reduction of areas characterized by active cell proliferation in response to A02 topical treatment. In conclusion, targeting PPARγ may be useful for the prevention and treatment of keratinocyte-derived skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus International Medical University, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thatikonda S, Pooladanda V, Tokala R, Nagula S, Godugu C. Niclosamide inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition with apoptosis induction in BRAF/ NRAS mutated metastatic melanoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 89:105579. [PMID: 36870549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is considered a deadly aggressive form of skin cancer that frequently metastasizes to various distal organs, which harbors mutations of the BRAF or NRAS which occur in 30 to 50% of melanoma patients. The growth factors secreted by melanoma cells contribute to tumor angiogenesis with the acquisition of metastatic potential by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drive melanoma growth toward a more aggressive form. Niclosamide (NCL) is an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug and is reported to have strong anti-cancer properties against various solid and liquid tumors. Its role in BRAF or NRAS mutated cells is unknown. In this context, we uncovered the role of NCL in impeding malignant metastatic melanoma in vitro in SK-MEL-2 and SK-MEL-28 cell lines. We found that NCL induces significant ROS generation and apoptosis through a series of molecular mechanisms, such as depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, arresting the cell cycle at the sub G1 phase with a significant increase in the DNA cleavage via topoisomerase II in both cell lines. We also found that NCL potently inhibited metastasis, which was examined by scratch wound assay, Additionally, we found that NCL inhibits the most important markers involved in the EMT signaling cascade that are stimulated by TGF-β such as N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, Vimentin, α-SMA and p-Smad 2/3. This work provides useful insights into the mechanism of NCL in BRAF/NRAF mutant melanoma cells via inhibition of molecular signaling events involved in EMT signaling, and apoptosis induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India; Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Shankaraiah Nagula
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barrionuevo E, Cornier PG, Delpiccolo CML, Mata EG, Roguin LP, Blank VC. Antiangiogenic activity of the penicillin derivative TAP7f in melanoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:249-263. [PMID: 36688961 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previously , we demonstrated that the non-antibiotic penicillin derivative TAP7f inhibited melanoma metastasis in vitro and in vivo through the downregulation of β-catenin and integrin αVβ3. As angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis, we decided to explore the possible antiangiogenic effect of TAP7f. We found that TAP7f inhibited proliferation, migration, tube formation, and actin cytoskeleton organization of human endothelial cells. In a gel plug assay, an in vivo model for angiogenesis, TAP7f also blocked vascular formation induced by fibroblast growth factor 2. Furthermore, when murine B16-F10 melanoma cells pre-treated with TAP7f were injected intradermally in mice, we observed a decrease in the number and thickness of the capillaries surrounding the tumor. Additionally, TAP7f downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) expression in B16-F10 cells and VEGF receptor expression in HMEC-1 endothelial cells. When the antitumor effect of TAP7f was studied in C57BL/6 J mice challenged with B16-F10 melanoma cells, a significant reduction of tumor growth was observed. Furthermore, a decreased expression of VEGF, PDGF-B, and the endothelial cell marker CD34 was observed in tumors from TAP7f-treated mice. Together, our results suggest that the antiangiogenic activity of TAP7f contributes to its antitumor and antimetastatic action and positions this penicillin derivative as an alternative or complementary agent for the treatment of melanoma. KEY MESSAGES: • TAP7f inhibits proliferation, migration, tube formation, and actin cytoskeleton organization of endothelial cells. • TAP7f downregulates VEGF receptor expression in endothelial cells. • TAP7f downregulates VEGF and PDGF expression in melanoma cells. • TAP7f inhibits angiogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barrionuevo
- Laboratorio de Oncología y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia G Cornier
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carina M L Delpiccolo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ernesto G Mata
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Leonor P Roguin
- Laboratorio de Oncología y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana C Blank
- Laboratorio de Oncología y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- , Buenos Aires, 956, C1113AAD, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang D, Li S, Chen Y, Luo J, Li L, Wang B, Xu Y, Liang Y. Sodium thiosulfate inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in melanoma via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 109:89-98. [PMID: 36870927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the most common form of skin cancer. Given its high metastasis and high recurrence, its therapies are constantly updated. OBJECTIVE The study aims to prove the efficacy of sodium thiosulfate (STS), an antidote to cyanide or nitroprusside poisoning, in melanoma treatment. METHODS We tested the effect of STS by culturing melanoma cells (B16 and A375) in vitro and establishing melanoma mouse models in vivo. The proliferation and viability of melanoma cells were measured by the CCK-8 test, cell cycle assay, apoptosis analysis, wound healing assay, and transwell migration assay. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecules, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related molecules were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The high metastasis of melanoma is considered to be linked to the EMT process. The scratch assay using B16 and A375 cells also showed that STS could inhibit the EMT process of melanoma. We demonstrated that STS inhibited the proliferation, viability, and EMT process of melanoma by releasing H2S. STS-mediated weakening of cell migration was related to the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we defined that STS inhibited the EMT process via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the negative effect of STS on melanoma development is mediated by the reduction of EMT via the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides a new clue to treating melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuheng Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bocheng Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xu
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunsheng Liang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghosh A, Mukherjee S, Roy M. Black tea extract prevents inorganic arsenic induced uncontrolled proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and induction of metastatic properties in HaCaT keratinocytes - an in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105478. [PMID: 36122807 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A major global problem is chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) which causes various health hazards including cancer. Escalation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by chronic iAs exposure promotes Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is followed by metastatic progression. In the present study, skin keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) were divided into three groups: (i) untreated, (ii) chronically iAs exposed, (iii) black tea extract (BTE) along with iAs treated. ROS was estimated by flowcytometry, expression of EMT markers were assessed by flowcytometry, western-blotting and Immunofluorescence. For metastatic studies, wound-healing assay, gelatin zymography, western-blot, transwell migration/invasion assay had been performed. Long term exposure of HaCaT cells to iAs causes excess generation of ROS. Morphological transformation and EMT were apparent at 210 days of exposure. Development of metastatic characteristics were observed at 240 days. Alterations in the parameters induced by iAs were found to be ameliorated by BTE. BTE was found to quench excess generation of ROS by iAs, subsequently inhibiting the chain of events like EMT and metastasis. Therefore, BTE may be considered as a potential phytochemical to prevent the deleterious effect of iAs. Skin carcinogenesis induced by iAs may thus be prevented by BTE via inhibition of EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archismaan Ghosh
- Dept. Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Dept. Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Madhumita Roy
- Dept. Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mechanical Stretch Induced Skin Regeneration: Molecular and Cellular Mechanism in Skin Soft Tissue Expansion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179622. [PMID: 36077018 PMCID: PMC9455829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin soft tissue expansion is one of the most basic and commonly used techniques in plastic surgery to obtain excess skin for a variety of medical uses. However, skin soft tissue expansion is faced with many problems, such as long treatment process, poor skin quality, high retraction rate, and complications. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of skin soft tissue expansion is needed. The key to skin soft tissue expansion lies in the mechanical stretch applied to the skin by an inflatable expander. Mechanical stimulation activates multiple signaling pathways through cellular adhesion molecules and regulates gene expression profiles in cells. Meanwhile, various types of cells contribute to skin expansion, including keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, which are also regulated by mechanical stretch. This article reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms of skin regeneration induced by mechanical stretch during skin soft tissue expansion.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pulford CS, Uppalapati CK, Montgomery MR, Averitte RL, Hull EE, Leyva KJ. A Hybrid Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Ex Vivo Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169183. [PMID: 36012449 PMCID: PMC9408944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While most cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are benign, invasive cSCC is associated with higher mortality and is often more difficult to treat. As such, understanding the factors that influence the progression of cSCC are important. Aggressive cancers metastasize through a series of evolutionary changes, collectively called the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, epithelial cells transition to a highly mobile mesenchymal cell type with metastatic capacities. While changes in expression of TGF-β, ZEB1, SNAI1, MMPs, vimentin, and E-cadherin are hallmarks of an EMT process occurring within cancer cells, including cSCC cells, EMT within tissues is not an “all or none” process. Using patient-derived cSCC and adjacent normal tissues, we show that cells within individual cSCC tumors are undergoing a hybrid EMT process, where there is variation in expression of EMT markers by cells within a tumor mass that may be facilitating invasion. Interestingly, cells along the outer edges of a tumor mass exhibit a more mesenchymal phenotype, with reduced E-cadherin, β-catenin, and cytokeratin expression and increased vimentin expression. Conversely, cells in the center of a tumor mass retain a higher expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and cytokeratin and little to no expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker. We also detected inverse expression changes in the miR-200 family and the EMT-associated transcription factors ZEB1 and SNAI1, suggesting that cSCC EMT dynamics are regulated in a miRNA-dependent manner. These novel findings in cSCC tumors provide evidence of phenotypic plasticity of the EMT process occurring within patient tissues, and extend the characterization of a hybrid EMT program occurring within a tumor mass. This hybrid EMT program may be promoting both survival and invasiveness of the tumors. A better understanding of this hybrid EMT process may influence therapeutic strategies in more invasive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Pulford
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Chandana K. Uppalapati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | | | - Richard L. Averitte
- Affiliated Dermatology & Affiliated Laboratories, 20401 N. 73rd Street #230, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Hull
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Leyva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 1-623-572-3294
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hodis E, Triglia ET, Kwon JYH, Biancalani T, Zakka LR, Parkar S, Hütter JC, Buffoni L, Delorey TM, Phillips D, Dionne D, Nguyen LT, Schapiro D, Maliga Z, Jacobson CA, Hendel A, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Mihm MC, Garraway LA, Regev A. Stepwise-edited, human melanoma models reveal mutations' effect on tumor and microenvironment. Science 2022; 376:eabi8175. [PMID: 35482859 PMCID: PMC9427199 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Establishing causal relationships between genetic alterations of human cancers and specific phenotypes of malignancy remains a challenge. We sequentially introduced mutations into healthy human melanocytes in up to five genes spanning six commonly disrupted melanoma pathways, forming nine genetically distinct cellular models of melanoma. We connected mutant melanocyte genotypes to malignant cell expression programs in vitro and in vivo, replicative immortality, malignancy, rapid tumor growth, pigmentation, metastasis, and histopathology. Mutations in malignant cells also affected tumor microenvironment composition and cell states. Our melanoma models shared genotype-associated expression programs with patient melanomas, and a deep learning model showed that these models partially recapitulated genotype-associated histopathological features as well. Thus, a progressive series of genome-edited human cancer models can causally connect genotypes carrying multiple mutations to phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Hodis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - John Y. H. Kwon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Labib R. Zakka
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saurabh Parkar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Buffoni
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Toni M. Delorey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Devan Phillips
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lan T. Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Denis Schapiro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zoltan Maliga
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayal Hendel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Martin C. Mihm
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bao Y, Cui J, Yue Y, Cao S, Li X, Liu L. ERBB3 binding protein 1 promotes the progression of malignant melanoma through activation of the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:44. [PMID: 35093077 PMCID: PMC8800265 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant melanoma (MM) is highly metastatic and has the highest mortality rate in patients with skin cancer. The ERBB3 binding protein 1 (Ebp1) has been linked to the onset and progression of a number of malignancies. However, the role of Ebp1 in MM has not yet been reported. Methods Multiple databases were analyzed for comparing the expression of Ebp1 in normal skin and MM. Ebp1 expression was knocked down in A375 and B16 cells, and the impact of Ebp1 on the cell growth was tested by CCK-8, plate clone colony, and cell cycle assays. Scratch, transwell, and in vivo caudal vein lung metastasis tests were also used to confirm the effects of Ebp1 on melanoma cells migration, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanism of Ebp1 was predicted by set enrichment analysis and verified by western blotting. Results Ebp1 expression was substantially higher in MM than it was in normal skin, and Ebp1 was linked to the clinical stage and lymph node metastases of patients with MM. Knockdown of Ebp1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments further verified that the knockdown of Ebp1 had an obvious inhibitory effect on lung metastasis in nude mice. Knockdown of Ebp1 reduced vimentin, N-cadherin, slug, and snail expression while increasing E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, knockdown of Ebp1 reduced the expression of β-catenin, as well as its downstream targets CyclinD1 and p-GSK3β; however, a Wnt/β-catenin agonist could reverse this effect. Conclusion Ebp1 may promote the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Collapse
|
19
|
Identification of Core Genes and Pathways in Melanoma Metastasis via Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020794. [PMID: 35054979 PMCID: PMC8775799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of melanoma-related mortality. Current therapies are rarely curative for metastatic melanoma, revealing the urgent need to identify more effective preventive and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to screen the core genes and molecular mechanisms related to melanoma metastasis. A gene expression profile, GSE8401, including 31 primary melanoma and 52 metastatic melanoma clinical samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between melanoma metastases and primary melanoma were screened using GEO2R tool. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses of DEGs were performed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape with Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in tools were utilized to detect the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network among DEGs. The top 10 genes with the highest degrees of the PPI network were defined as hub genes. In the results, 425 DEGs, including 60 upregulated genes and 365 downregulated genes, were identified. The upregulated genes were enriched in ECM–receptor interactions and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, while 365 downregulated genes were enriched in amoebiasis, melanogenesis, and ECM–receptor interactions. The defined hub genes included CDK1, COL17A1, EGFR, DSG1, KRT14, FLG, CDH1, DSP, IVL, and KRT5. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of the hub genes during melanoma metastasis were verified in the TCGA database and paired post- and premetastatic melanoma cells, respectively. Finally, KRT5-specific siRNAs were utilized to reduce the KRT5 expression in melanoma A375 cells. An MTT assay and a colony formation assay showed that KRT5 knockdown significantly promoted the proliferation of A375 cells. A Transwell assay further suggested that KRT5 knockdown significantly increased the cell migration and cell invasion of A375 cells. This bioinformatics study provided a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of melanoma metastasis. The in vitro experiments showed that KRT5 played the inhibitory effects on melanoma metastasis. Therefore, KRT5 may serve important roles in melanoma metastasis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Avagliano A, Arcucci A. Insights into Melanoma Fibroblast Populations and Therapeutic Strategy Perspectives: Friends or Foes? Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:6159-6168. [PMID: 35726413 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220620124138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an aggressive and highly metastatic solid tumor associated with drug resistance. Before 2011, despite therapies based on cytokines or molecules inhibiting DNA synthesis, metastatic melanoma led to patient death within 18 months from diagnosis. However, recent studies on bidirectional interactions between melanoma cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) have had a significant impact on the development of new therapeutic strategies represented by targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, the heterogeneous stromal fibroblast populations, including fibroblasts, fibroblast aggregates, myofibroblasts, and melanoma associated fibroblasts (MAFs), represent the most abundant cell population of TME and regulate cancer growth differently. Therefore, in this perspective article, we have highlighted the different impacts of fibroblast populations on cancer development and growth. In particular, we focused on the role of MAFs in sustaining melanoma cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion, drug resistance, and immunoregulation. The important role of constitutively activated MAFs in promoting CM growth and immunoediting makes this cell type a promising target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hoffmann JC, Schön MP. Integrin α E(CD103)β 7 in Epithelial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6211. [PMID: 34944831 PMCID: PMC8699740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of both the innate and the adaptive immune system with tumors are complex and often influence courses and therapeutic treatments in unanticipated ways. Based on the concept that CD8+T cells can mediate important antitumor effects, several therapies now aim to amplify their specific activity. A subpopulation of CD8+ tissue-resident T lymphocytes that express the αE(CD103)β7 integrin has raised particular interest. This receptor presumably contributes to the recruitment and retention of tumor-infiltrating immune cells through interaction with its ligand, E-cadherin. It appears to have regulatory functions and is thought to be a component of some immunological synapses. In TGF-rich environments, the αE(CD103)β7/E-cadherin-interaction enhances the binding strength between tumor cells and infiltrating T lymphocytes. This activity facilitates the release of lytic granule contents and cytokines as well as further immune responses and the killing of target cells. Expression of αE(CD103)β7 in some tumors is associated with a rather favorable prognosis, perhaps with the notable exception of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Although epithelial skin tumors are by far the most common tumors of fair-skinned people, there have been very few studies on the distribution of αE(CD103)β7 expressing cells in these neoplasms. Given this background, we describe here that αE(CD103)β7 is scarcely present in basal cell carcinomas, but much more abundant in squamous cell carcinomas with heterogeneous distribution. Notwithstanding a substantial number of studies, the role of αE(CD103)β7 in the tumor context is still far from clear. Here, we summarize the essential current knowledge on αE(CD103)β7 and outline that it is worthwhile to further explore this intriguing receptor with regard to the pathophysiology, therapy, and prognosis of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C. Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang GN, Strudwick XL, Bonder CS, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ. Increased Expression of Flightless I in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Affects Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413203. [PMID: 34948000 PMCID: PMC8703548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for 25% of cutaneous malignancies diagnosed in Caucasian populations. Surgical removal in combination with radiation and chemotherapy are effective treatments for cSCC. Nevertheless, the aggressive metastatic forms of cSCC still have a relatively poor patient outcome. Studies have linked actin cytoskeletal dynamics and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as important modulators of cSCC pathogenesis. Previous studies have also shown that the actin-remodeling protein Flightless (Flii) is a negative regulator of cSCC. The aim of this study was to investigate if the functional effects of Flii on cSCC involve the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Flii knockdown was performed using siRNA in a human late stage aggressive metastatic cSCC cell line (MET-1) alongside analysis of Flii genetic murine models of 3-methylcholanthrene induced cSCC. Flii was increased in a MET-1 cSCC cell line and reducing Flii expression led to fewer PCNA positive cells and a concomitant reduction in cellular proliferation and symmetrical division. Knockdown of Flii led to decreased β-catenin and a decrease in the expression of the downstream effector of β-catenin signaling protein SOX9. 3-Methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced cSCC in Flii overexpressing mice showed increased markers of cancer metastasis including talin and keratin-14 and a significant increase in SOX9 alongside a reduction in Flii associated protein (Flap-1). Taken together, this study demonstrates a role for Flii in regulating proteins involved in cSCC proliferation and tumor progression and suggests a potential role for Flii in aggressive metastatic cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gink N. Yang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
- Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Xanthe L. Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-83025018
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zou DD, Xu D, Deng YY, Wu WJ, Zhang J, Huang L, He L. Identification of key genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics profiling study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1497. [PMID: 34805359 PMCID: PMC8573448 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Actinic keratosis (AK) is generally considered a precancerous lesion of cSCC. However, the pathogenesis and oncogenic processes of AK and cSCC remain elusive, especially in the context of photodamage. Methods In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on AK, cSCC, normal sun-exposed skin (NES) tissues, and normal non-sun-exposed skin (NNS) from 24 individuals. Bioinformatics analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 4 groups, and potential key genes of cSCC were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 46,930 genes were differentially expressed in the 4 groups, including 127 genes that were differentially expressed between NES and NNS, 420 DEGs in AK compared to NES, 1,658 DEGs in cSCC compared to NES, and 1,389 DEGs in cSCC compared to AK. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the DEGs are involved in multiple pathways, including extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, immune, inflammatory, microbial infection, and other related pathways. Finally, 5 new genes (HEPHL1, FBN2, SULF1, SULF2, and TCN1) were confirmed significantly upregulated in cSCC. Conclusions Using transcriptome sequencing and integrated bioinformatical analysis, we have identified key DEGs and pathways in cSCC, which could improve our understanding of the cause and underlying molecular events of AK and cSCC. HEPHL1, FBN2, SULF1, SULF2, and TCN1 may be novel potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Deng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li L, Khan S, Li S, Wang S, Wang F. Noncoding RNAs: emerging players in skin cancers pathogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5591-5608. [PMID: 34873482 PMCID: PMC8640824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin malignancies form in tissues of the skin and are the most frequent cancers in the world, with an increasing incidence and a steady fatality rate. They are classified as melanoma or nonmelanoma cancers, which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Noncoding RNA transcripts have received increased attention after the thorough analysis of the human genome revealed that most of the genomic components are not encoded to protein. MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs are some of the well-studied types of these noncoding regions. The alteration in any of these members' expression is associated intrinsically with human cancers, including skin malignancies, due to their critical functions in cell processes for normal development. As a result, investigating the noncoding component of the transcriptome opens up the possibility of discovering new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses current studies on the involvement of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of human skin cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of HaripurPakistan
| | - Song Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Adams R, Moser B, Karagiannis SN, Lacy KE. Chemokine Pathways in Cutaneous Melanoma: Their Modulation by Cancer and Exploitation by the Clinician. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225625. [PMID: 34830780 PMCID: PMC8615762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is rising globally and is projected to continue to rise. Advances in immunotherapy over the last decade have demonstrated that manipulation of the immune cell compartment of tumours is a valuable weapon in the arsenal against cancer; however, limitations to treatment still exist. Cutaneous melanoma lesions feature a dense cell infiltrate, coordinated by chemokines, which control the positioning of all immune cells. Melanomas are able to use chemokine pathways to preferentially recruit cells, which aid their growth, survival, invasion and metastasis, and which enhance their ability to evade anticancer immune responses. Aside from this, chemokine signalling can directly influence angiogenesis, invasion, lymph node, and distal metastases, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like processes and transendothelial migration. Understanding the interplay of chemokines, cancer cells, and immune cells may uncover future avenues for melanoma therapy, namely: identifying biomarkers for patient stratification, augmenting the effect of current and emerging therapies, and designing specific treatments to target chemokine pathways, with the aim to reduce melanoma pathogenicity, metastatic potential, and enhance immune cell-mediated cancer killing. The chemokine network may provide selective and specific targets that, if included in current therapeutic regimens, harbour potential to improve outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Adams
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK;
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Guy’s Cancer Centre, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.N.K.); (K.E.L.); Tel.: +44-0-20-7188-6355 (K.E.L.)
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.N.K.); (K.E.L.); Tel.: +44-0-20-7188-6355 (K.E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pu Y, Lei M, Chen Y, Huang Y, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Shao X, Liu L, Chen J. Hey1 promotes migration and invasion of melanoma cells via GRB2/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. J Cancer 2021; 12:6979-6988. [PMID: 34729100 PMCID: PMC8558658 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that Notch signaling regulates multiple intracellular biological processes in malignant melanoma. Whereas how Notch signaling is transduced to influence melanoma cell behaviors remains largely elusive. Here we show that the Notch signaling downstream target Hey1 promotes migration and invasion of melanoma cells via the GRB2/PI3K/AKT pathway. First, bioinformatics tools, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of Hey1 is increased in melanoma. Then, both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Hey1 promotes the malignant behaviour of the melanoma cells. High-throughput RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that inhibition of Hey1 results in decreased GRB2 expression in melanoma cells. Last, functional experiments confirmed that Hey1 positively regulates GRB2/PI3K/AKT pathway to influence migration and invasion of melanoma cells. In summary, our results suggest that Hey1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells by regulating GRB2/PI3K/AKT pathway. Our study provides potential therapeutics in tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Pu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingzhao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Shao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deng Y, Su W, Zhu J, Ji H, Zhou X, Geng J, Zhu J, Zhang Q. Helicobacter pylori infection disturbs the tumor immune microenvironment and is associated with a discrepant prognosis in gastric de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002947. [PMID: 34645670 PMCID: PMC8515460 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (gDLBCL) related to Helicobacter pylori infection exhibits a wide spectrum of prognosis, and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) affects tumor progression. However, there are few studies on the correlation between prognosis and changes of TIME induced by H. pylori infection in de novo gDLBCL. METHODS A retrospective study was performed to determine the prognostic value of TIME related to H. pylori infection in de novo gDLBCL. A total of 252 patients were included and have been treated with standard rituximab to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy or other similar regimens in addition to H. pylori eradication (HPE). All patients were stratified by H. pylori infection, HPE efficacy, and preliminary TIME evaluation using conventional criteria. Statistical analyses were conducted. To assess the mechanism, 30 subjects were assessed for H. pylori infection. The components and spatial distributions of TIME were analyzed. RESULTS The median follow-up of the 252 patients was 66.6 months (range 0.7-119.2), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 78.0%. A total of 109 H. pylori-positive cases with pathological complete remission and high tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (cohort 1) had significantly higher 5-year progression-free survival (88.1% vs 70.5%, p<0.001) and OS (89.2% vs 76.6%, p<0.001) than the other 143 patients (cohort 2). Among 30 patients, 19 were cytotoxin-associated gene A-marked as the cohort 1 subset. Compared with cohort 2, cohort 1 exhibited increased inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon γ, etc) and decreased immunosuppressive components (PD-L1, PD-1, IL-10, etc). There was reduced NF-kB activation. Cancer-promoting immune cells (PD-1hiTim-3+ CTL, Tregs, M2-like macrophages, etc) occupied a minor spatial distribution, while the antitumor subtypes increased, corresponding to favorable survival. CONCLUSION H. pylori-evoked inflammatory responses disturb the TIME, causing a differential prognosis in de novo gDLBCL, which can be used to identify patients who could benefit from HPE and immunochemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Su
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Geng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Battaglia L, Scomparin A, Dianzani C, Milla P, Muntoni E, Arpicco S, Cavalli R. Nanotechnology Addressing Cutaneous Melanoma: The Italian Landscape. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34683910 PMCID: PMC8540596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, with a low survival for the metastatic stage. Currently, clinical melanoma treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, innovative therapeutic regimens concern the administration of multitarget drugs in tandem, in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, also, if this drug combination is clinically relevant, the patient's response is not yet optimal. In this scenario, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can play a crucial role in the clinical treatment of advanced melanoma. In fact, their nano-features enable targeted drug delivery at a cellular level by overcoming biological barriers. Various nanomedicines have been proposed for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, and a relevant number of them are undergoing clinical trials. In Italy, researchers are focusing on the pharmaceutical development of nanoformulations for malignant melanoma therapy. The present review reports an overview of the main melanoma-addressed nanomedicines currently under study in Italy, alongside the state of the art of melanoma therapy. Moreover, the latest Italian advances concerning the pre-clinical evaluation of nanomedicines for melanoma are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Scomparin
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
- . Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Paola Milla
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bang TH, Park BS, Kang HM, Kim JH, Kim IR. Polydatin, a Glycoside of Resveratrol, Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastasis Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090902. [PMID: 34577602 PMCID: PMC8468100 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various methods, such as surgery and chemotherapy, are applied to the treatment of OSCC, there are problems, such as functional and aesthetic limitations of the mouth and face, drug side effects, and lymph node metastasis. Many researchers are making efforts to develop new therapeutic agents from plant-derived substances to overcome the side effects that occur in oral cancer treatment. Polydatin is known as a natural precursor of resveratrol, and research on its efficacy is being actively conducted recently. Therefore, we investigated whether polydatin can induce apoptosis and whether it affects cell migration and invasion through the regulation of EMT-related factors in OSCC. Polydatin decreased the survival and proliferation rates of CAL27 and Ca9-22 cells, and induced the release of cytochrome c, a factor related to apoptosis, and fragmentation of procaspase-3 and PARP. Another form of cell death, autophagy, was observed in polydatin-treated cells. In addition, polydatin inhibits cell migration and invasion, and it has been shown to occur through increased expression of E-cadherin, an EMT related factor, and decreased expression of N-cadherin and Slug and Snail proteins and genes. These findings suggest that polydatin is a potential oral cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Bang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, Dong-A University, Daesingongwon-ro, 26, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8552
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meyer T, Sand M, Schmitz L, Stockfleth E. The Role of Circular RNAs in Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164240. [PMID: 34439394 PMCID: PMC8392367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) include basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) and represents the most common cancer in Europe and North America. Both entities are characterized by a very high mutational burden, mainly UV signature mutations. Predominately mutated genes in BCC belong to the sonic hedgehog pathway, whereas, in cSCC, TP53, CDKN2A, NOTCH1/2 and others are most frequently mutated. In addition, the dysregulation of factors associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown in invasive cSCC. The expression of factors associated with tumorigenesis can be controlled in several ways and include non-coding RNA molecules, such as micro RNAs (miRNA) long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNA). To update findings on circRNA in KC, we reviewed 13 papers published since 2016, identified in a PubMed search. In both BCC and cSCC, numerous circRNAs were identified that were differently expressed compared to healthy skin. Some of them were shown to target miRNAs that are also dysregulated in KC. Moreover, some studies confirmed the biological functions of individual circRNAs involved in cancer development. Thus, circRNAs may be used as biomarkers of disease and disease progression and represent potential targets of new therapeutic approaches for KC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meyer
- Department of Dermatology St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-5096014
| | - Michael Sand
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Heidbergweg 22–24, 45257 Essen, Germany;
| | - Lutz Schmitz
- Institute of Dermatopathology, MVZ Corius DermPath Bonn, GmbH, Trierer Strasse 70–72, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
CT45A1 promotes the metastasis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo through β-catenin. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:650. [PMID: 34172717 PMCID: PMC8233386 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) is reported in various tumors. However, the unique role of CTAs in tumor genesis has not yet been verified. Here, we first report the functional role of CT45A1 in the carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry confirmed that elevated expression of CT45A1 was detected in osteosarcoma, especially in metastatic tissues of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, osteosarcoma patients with poorer prognosis showed high expression of CT45A1. In cell tests, CT45A1 overexpression was shown to strengthen the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells, while silencing CT45A1 markedly elicited the opposite effects in these tests by disrupting the activation of β-catenin. In summary, we identify a novel role of CT45A1 in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, our results suggested that CT45A1 may contribute to the development of osteosarcoma and could be a possible therapeutic target for osteosarcoma patients.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shakya BR, Teppo HR, Rieppo L. Discrimination of melanoma cell lines with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119665. [PMID: 33744696 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among skin cancers, melanoma is the lethal form and the leading cause of death in humans. Melanoma begins in melanocytes and is curable at early stages. Thus, early detection and evaluation of its metastatic potential are crucial for effective clinical intervention. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has gained considerable attention due to its versatility in detecting biochemical and biological features present in the samples. Changes in these features are used to differentiate between samples at different stages of the disease. Previously, FTIR spectroscopy has been mostly used to distinguish between healthy and diseased conditions. With this study, we aim to discriminate between different melanoma cell lines based on their FTIR spectra. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples from three melanoma cell lines (IPC-298, SK-MEL-30 and COLO-800) were used. Statistically significant differences were observed in the prominent spectral bands of three cell lines along with shifts in peak positions. A partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model built for the classification of three cell lines showed an overall accuracy of 92.6% with a sensitivity of 85%, 95.75%, 96.54%, and specificity of 97.80%, 92.14%, 98.64% for the differentiation of IPC-298, SK-MEL-30, and COLO-800, respectively. The results suggest that FTIR spectroscopy can differentiate between different melanoma cell lines and thus potentially characterize the metastatic potential of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Ratna Shakya
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu/Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Hanna-Riikka Teppo
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lassi Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu/Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pogorzelska-Dyrbus J, Szepietowski JC. Adhesion Molecules in Non-melanoma Skin Cancers: A Comprehensive Review. In Vivo 2021; 35:1327-1336. [PMID: 33910810 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most frequently diagnosed cancers, generating significant medical and financial problems. Cutaneous carcinogenesis is a very complex process characterized by genetic and molecular alterations, and mediated by various proteins and pathways. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are transmembrane proteins responsible for cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion, engaged in all steps of tumor progression. Based on their structures they are divided into five major groups: cadherins, integrins, selectins, immunoglobulins and CD44 family. Cadherins, integrins and CD44 are the most studied in the context of non-melanoma skin cancers. The differences in expression of adhesion molecules may be related to the invasiveness of these tumors, through the loss of tissue integrity, neovascularization and alterations in intercellular signaling processes. In this article, each group of CAMs is briefly described and the present knowledge on their role in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sesquiterpene Lactone Deoxyelephantopin Isolated from Elephantopus scaber and Its Derivative DETD-35 Suppress BRAF V600E Mutant Melanoma Lung Metastasis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063226. [PMID: 33810045 PMCID: PMC8004649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic disease with an increasing rate of incidence worldwide. It is treatment refractory and has poor clinical prognosis; therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents for metastatic melanoma are urgently required. In this study, we created a lung-seeking A375LM5IF4g/Luc BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cell clone and investigated the bioefficacy of a plant sesquiterpene lactone deoxyelephantopin (DET) and its novel semi-synthetic derivative, DETD-35, in suppressing metastatic A375LM5IF4g/Luc melanoma growth in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. DET and DETD-35 treatment inhibited A375LM5IF4g/Luc cell proliferation, and induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, A375LM5IF4g/Luc exhibited clonogenic, metastatic and invasive abilities, and several A375LM5IF4g/Luc metastasis markers, N-cadherin, MMP2, vimentin and integrin α4 were significantly suppressed by treatment with either compound. Interestingly, DET- and DETD-35-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and glutathione (GSH) depletion were found to be upstream events important for the in vitro activities, because exogenous GSH supplementation blunted DET and DETD-35 effects on A375LM5IF4g/Luc cells. DET and DETD-35 also induced mitochondrial DNA mutation, superoxide production, mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunction, and mitochondrial protein deregulation. Most importantly, DET and DETD-35 inhibited lung metastasis of A375LM5IF4g/Luc in NOD/SCID mice through inhibiting pulmonary vascular permeability and melanoma cell (Mel-A+) proliferation, angiogenesis (VEGF+, CD31+) and EMT (N-cadherin) in the tumor microenvironment in the lungs. These findings indicate that DET and DETD-35 may be useful in the intervention of lung metastatic BRAFV600E mutant melanoma.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu KL, Fan X, Hu WT, Li HL, Tang QH, Sun XH. Effect of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene on the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 cells. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:81-87. [PMID: 33723941 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) influencing the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and to provide a new target for clinical inhibition of invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Ualcan website was used to analyze the expression of CHD1L in normal epithelial tissue and primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to analyze the effect of lymph node metastasis on the expression of CHD1L in tissues with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The relationship between CHD1L expression and the survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was tested by the GEPIA website. Western blot was used to quantify the levels of CHD1L protein in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 and immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell HaCaT. After knocking down CAL27 in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells with an RNA interference plasmid, the cells were designated as SiCHD1L/CAL27 and Scr/CAL27. Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of CHD1L in each group of cells. The change in CAL27 cell proliferation ability was tested by EdU proliferation test after CHD1L knockdown. The change of cell migration ability of each group cells was tested through the wound healing assay. Western blot was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker E-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression levels. RESULTS Ualcan database showed that the expression of CHD1L in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues was higher than in normal epithelial tissues and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues with lymph node metastasis. GEPIA website analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with high expression of CHD1L was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression. Western blot results showed that CHD1L expression in human tongue squamous carcinoma cells CAL27 was higher than that of human normal skin cells HaCaT. CHD1L expression in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells was much lower than that in Scr/CAL27 cells. Results of EdU proliferation experiments showed the significant reduction in the cell proliferation ability of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. Results of the wound healing experiments showed the reduction in the migration capacity of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. The expression of E-cadherin increased, whereas that of Vimentin decreased, in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. CONCLUSIONS CHD1L promoted the EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Hu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Dept. of Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qing-Hua Tang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue-Hui Sun
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fu J, Zhao J, Zhang H, Fan X, Geng W, Qiao S. MicroRNA-451a prevents cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression via the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:116. [PMID: 33335579 PMCID: PMC7739855 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in governing the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has been the focus of recent studies. However, the functional role of miR-451a in cSCC growth remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the expression levels of miR-451a in cSCC cell lines and the involvement of miR-451a in cSCC progression. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-451a were downregulated in cSCC tissues and cell lines, and that this subsequently upregulated 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) expression levels. PDPK1 was validated as a direct target of miR-451a in cSCC using bioinformatics software Starbase, dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and western blotting. Additionally, CCK-8, EdU and Transwell assays, as well as flow cytometry and Hoechst 3325 staining, were performed to assess the malignant aggressiveness of cSCC cells. Overexpression of miR-451a was demonstrated to impair the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and promoted apoptosis in cSCC cells by interacting with PDPK1, possibly by direct targeting. Furthermore, the western blotting results indicated that miR-451a overexpression may block the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with PDPK1. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR-451a may prevent the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of cSCC cells through the PDPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which may offer potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing, Shandong 252601, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Interplay between HGF/c-met Axis and Nox4 in BRAF Mutated Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020761. [PMID: 33451139 PMCID: PMC7828605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is the leading cause of death due to cutaneous malignancy and its incidence is on the rise. Several signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinases, have a role in the development and progression of melanocytic lesions and malignant melanoma. Among those, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-met axis is emerging as a critical player because it can play a role in drug resistance. Indeed, 50% of melanoma patients present BRAF mutations, however, all responders develop resistance to the inhibitors typically within one year of treatment. Interestingly, BRAF inhibitors induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in melanoma cells, therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a possible interplay between HGF/c-met and ROS sources, such as NADPH oxidases (Nox). Methods: The expression of c-met and Nox were quantified in 60 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. In vitro experiments on melanoma primary cells and the cell line were performed to dissect the underpinned molecular mechanism. Results: The outcome of interest was the correlation between the high positivity for both Nox4 and c-met and metastasis occurring at least 1 year later than melanoma diagnosis in BRAF mutated patients, in contrast to nonmutated. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the axis HGF/c-met/Nox4/ROS triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusions: The observed correlation suggests an interplay between c-met and Nox4 in promoting the onset of metastasis. This study suggests that Nox4 inhibitors could be associated to the current therapy used to treat melanoma patients with BRAF mutations.
Collapse
|
38
|
Dai H, Guo L, Lin M, Cheng Z, Li J, Tang J, Huan X, Huang Y, Xu K. Comprehensive analysis and identification of key genes and signaling pathways in the occurrence and metastasis of cutaneous melanoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10265. [PMID: 33240619 PMCID: PMC7680623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, and the incidence has increased faster than any other cancer over the past half century. Most primary melanoma can be cured by local excision, but metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is prone to metastasis, so the research on the mechanism of melanoma occurrence and metastasis will be beneficial to diagnose early, improve treatment, and prolong life survival. In this study, we compared the gene expression of normal skin (N), primary cutaneous melanoma (PM) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MM) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then we identified the key genes and molecular pathways that may be involved in the development and metastasis of cutaneous melanoma, thus to discover potential markers or therapeutic targets. Methods Three gene expression profiles (GSE7553, GSE15605 and GSE46517) were downloaded from the GEO database, which contained 225 tissue samples. R software identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pairs of N, PM and MM samples in the three sets of data. Subsequently, we analyzed the gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of the DEGs, and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. MCODE was used to seek the most important modules in PPI network, and then the GO function and KEGG pathway of them were analyzed. Finally, the hub genes were calculated by the cytoHubba in Cytoscape software. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were analyzed using UALCAN and GEPIA to validate the hub genes and analyze the prognosis of patients. Results A total of 134, 317 and 147 DEGs were identified between N, PM and MM in pair. GO functions and KEGG pathways analysis results showed that the upregulated DEGs mainly concentrated in cell division, spindle microtubule, protein kinase activity and the pathway of transcriptional misregulation in cancer. The downregulated DEGs occurred in epidermis development, extracellular exosome, structural molecule activity, metabolic pathways and p53 signaling pathway. The PPI network obtained the most important module, whose GO function and KEGG pathway were enriched in oxidoreductase activity, cell division, cell exosomes, protein binding, structural molecule activity, and metabolic pathways. 14, 18 and 18 DEGs were identified respectively as the hub genes between N, PM and MM, and TCGA data confirmed the expression differences of hub genes. In addition, the overall survival curve of hub genes showed that the differences in these genes may lead to a significant decrease in overall survival of melanoma patients. Conclusions In this study, several hub genes were found from normal skin, primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma samples. These hub genes may play an important role in the production, invasion, recurrence or death of CM, and may provide new ideas and potential targets for its diagnosis or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihuang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xisha Huan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
CCL18-induced LINC00319 promotes proliferation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-199a-5p/FZD4 axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:777. [PMID: 32948745 PMCID: PMC7501282 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which may be modulated by chemokines, are key regulators in many cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An understanding of lncRNAs involved in chemokine (CC motif) ligand 18 (CCL18)-induced OSCC promotion remains elusive. The present study using lncRNA sequencing found LINC00319 to be significantly upregulated in OSCC cells subjected to rCCL18 stimulation. Furthermore, LINC00319 knockdown was found to attenuate the carcinogenic function of CCL18 in OSCC, reducing OSCC proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. LINC00319 was demonstrated to act as a ceRNA in OSCC, which directly responded to miR-199a-5p and rescued the repression of FZD4 by miR-199a-5p. Functionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that LINC00319 promoted OSCC growth and metastasis via downregulating miR-199a-5p and upregulating FZD4. In vitro rescue assays demonstrated that miR-199a-5p inhibitor or FZD4 overexpression reversed the effects of LINC00319 silencing in OSCC. Importantly, the expression of miR-199a-5p and FZD4 were found to be mediated by CCL18, and miR-199a-5p mimics inhibited the CCL18-promoting effects in oral cancer cells. Taken together, these results evidenced a mechanism of CCL18 action in OSCC mediated through the LINC00319/miR-199a-5p/FZD4 signaling pathway, which may comprise a potential target for OSCC therapeutic development.
Collapse
|
40
|
Carrié L, Virazels M, Dufau C, Montfort A, Levade T, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N. New Insights into the Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E1967. [PMID: 32858889 PMCID: PMC7565650 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a deadly skin cancer whose aggressiveness is directly linked to its metastatic potency. Despite remarkable breakthroughs in term of treatments with the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic patients remains uncertain mainly because of resistances. Better understanding the mechanisms responsible for melanoma progression is therefore essential to uncover new therapeutic targets. Interestingly, the sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in melanoma and is associated with melanoma progression and resistance to treatment. This review summarises the impact of the sphingolipid metabolism on melanoma from the initiation to metastatic dissemination with emphasis on melanoma plasticity, immune responses and resistance to treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorry Carrié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Mathieu Virazels
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Carine Dufau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Anne Montfort
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Thierry Levade
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang S, Tian R, Bei C, Zhang H, Kong J, Zheng C, Song X, Li D, Tan H, Zhu X, Tan S. Down-Regulated CMTM2 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5731-5741. [PMID: 32606785 PMCID: PMC7308353 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s250370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our recent study identified that human chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family member 2 (CMTM2) was deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and posed as a potential tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism of CMTM2 in HCC occurrence and development has not been well elaborated. Materials and Methods The expression of CMTM2 was knocked-down by RNA interruption in Huh-7 and SMMC7721 cells. Cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK8 test and colony formation assay. The cell invasion and migration were measured by wound healing and Transwell assay. Results We found that the cell proliferation was significantly increased by interruption of CMTM2 expression, both in Huh-7 and SMMC7721 cells. Moreover, down-regulated CMTM2 could promote the invasion and migration ability of HCC cells through inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We further discovered that both the expression of CMTM2 and the EMT-associated marker E-cadherin were decreased in the same thirty cases of HCC tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues. Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between CMTM2 and E-cadherin in HCC tissues (P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the results of cell model and HCC tissues, our study suggests that down-regulated CMTM2 promotes HCC metastasis through inducing the EMT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Bei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410005, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kyriakou G, Melachrinou M. Cancer stem cells, epigenetics, tumor microenvironment and future therapeutics in cutaneous malignant melanoma: a review. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1549-1567. [PMID: 32484008 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the ontogeny and biology of melanoma stem cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma. This article also summarizes and evaluates the current knowledge of the underlying epigenetic mechanisms, the regulation of melanoma progress by the tumor microenvironment as well as the therapeutic implications and applications of these novel insights, in the setting of personalized medicine. Unraveling the complex ecosystem of cutaneous malignant melanoma and the interplay between its components, aims to provide novel insights into the establishment of efficient therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kyriakou
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion 265 04, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion 265 04, Greece
| |
Collapse
|