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Riegger J, Brenner RE. Increase of cell surface vimentin is associated with vimentin network disruption and subsequent stress-induced premature senescence in human chondrocytes. eLife 2023; 12:e91453. [PMID: 37855367 PMCID: PMC10622146 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of dysfunctional chondrocytes has detrimental consequences on the cartilagehomeostasis and is thus thought to play a crucial role during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis(OA). However, the underlying mechanisms of phenotypical alteration in chondrocytes areincompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that disruption of the intracellularvimentin network and consequent phenotypical alteration in human chondrocytes results in anexternalization of the intermediate filament. The presence of the so-called cell surfacevimentin (CSV) on chondrocytes was associated with the severity of tissue degeneration inclinical OA samples and was enhanced after mechanical injury of cartilage tissue. By meansof a doxorubicine-based in vitro model of stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), wecould confirm the connection between cellular senescence and amount of CSV. AlthoughsiRNA-mediated silencing of CDKN2A clearly reduced the senescent phenotype as well asCSV levels of human chondrocytes, cellular senescence could not be completely reversed.Interestingly, knockdown of vimentin resulted in a SIPS-like phenotype and consequentlyincreased CSV. Therefore, we concluded that the integrity of the intracellular vimentinnetwork is crucial to maintain cellular function in chondrocytes. This assumption could beconfirmed by chemically- induced collapse of the vimentin network, which resulted in cellularstress and enhanced CSV expression. Regarding its biological function, CSV was found to beassociated with enhanced chondrocyte adhesion and plasticity. While osteogenic capacitiesseemed to be enhanced in chondrocytes expressing high levels of CSV, the chondrogenicpotential was clearly compromised. Overall, our study reinforces the importance of thevimentin network in maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype and introduces CSV as anovel membrane-bound marker of dysfunctional chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Rolf E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of UlmUlmGermany
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Sadeghi N, Fazli G, Bayat AA, Fatemi R, Ebrahimnejhad N, Salimi A, Zarei O, Rabbani H. Cell Surface Vimentin Detection in Cancer Cells by Peptide-Based Monoclonal Antibody. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2023; 15:68-75. [PMID: 37034891 PMCID: PMC10073919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vimentin is a prominent Intermediate Filaments (IFs) protein expressed in different mesenchymal origin cell types. Besides a wide range of cellular function roles associated with vimentin expression, its dysregulation and cell surface expression in the induction of malignancy properties have been reported extensively, making it a promising cancer-specific target. Therefore, this study aimed to generate and characterize anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies. Methods A 14-mer synthetic peptide from vimentin was conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and used for immunization of Blab/C mice and monoclonal production by conventional hybridoma technology. The monoclonal antibody was purified using affinity chromatography of supernatants from the selected hybridoma cells. ELISA, Immunoprecipitation-Western blotting (IP-WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry were employed to characterize the produced monoclonal antibody in terms of interaction with vimentin immunizing peptide as well as vimentin protein. Results Amid the several obtained producing anti-vimentin antibody hybridomas, the 7C11-D9 clone (IgG1 isotype with kappa light chain) showed higher reactivity with the immunizing peptide, and led to its selection for purification and characterization. The purified antibody could detect vimentin protein in IP-WB, ICC and flow cytometry of the normal and cancerous cells with different origin. No vimentin expression was found in normal healthy Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC). Conclusion Taken together, 7C11-D9 anti-vimentin monoclonal antibody might be used as immune diagnostic or immune therapeutic tool where detection or targeting of vimentin in a wide range of organisms is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Sadeghi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Fazli
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmad Bayat
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raminasadat Fatemi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimnejhad
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Zarei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Khalid S, Ekram S, Ramzan F, Salim A, Khan I. Co-regulation of Sox9 and TGFβ1 transcription factors in mesenchymal stem cells regenerated the intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1127303. [PMID: 37007782 PMCID: PMC10063891 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1127303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIntervertebral disc (IVD) shows aging and degenerative changes earlier than any other body connective tissue. Its repair and regeneration provide a considerable challenge in regenerative medicine due to its high degree of infrastructure and mechanical complexity. Mesenchymal stem cells, due to their tissue resurfacing potential, represent many explanatory pathways to regenerate a tissue breakdown.MethodsThis study was undertaken to evaluate the co-regulation of Sox9 and TGFβ1 in differentiating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) into chondrocytes. The combinatorial impact of Sox9 and TGFβ1 on hUC-MSCs was examined in vitro by gene expression and immunocytochemical staining. In in vivo, an animal model of IVD degeneration was established under a fluoroscopic guided system through needle puncture of the caudal disc. Normal and transfected MSCs were transplanted. Oxidative stress, pain, and inflammatory markers were evaluated by qPCR. Disc height index (DHI), water content, and gag content were analyzed. Histological examinations were performed to evaluate the degree of regeneration.ResultshUC-MSC transfected with Sox9+TGFβ1 showed a noticeable morphological appearance of a chondrocyte, and highly expressed chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, Sox9, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and type II collagens) after transfection. Histological observation demonstrated that cartilage regeneration, extracellular matrix synthesis, and collagen remodeling were significant upon staining with H&E, Alcian blue, and Masson's trichrome stain on day 14. Additionally, oxidative stress, pain, and inflammatory markers were positively downregulated in the animals transplanted with Sox9 and TGFβ1 transfected MSCs.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the combinatorial effect of Sox9 and TGFβ1 substantially accelerates the chondrogenesis in hUC-MSCs. Cartilage regeneration and matrix synthesis were significantly enhanced. Therefore, a synergistic effect of Sox9 and TGFβ1 could be an immense therapeutic combination in the tissue engineering of cartilaginous joint bio-prostheses and a novel candidate for cartilage stabilization.
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A Simplified and Effective Approach for the Isolation of Small Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Human Peripheral Blood. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030787. [PMID: 36979766 PMCID: PMC10045871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are key players in regenerative medicine. Embryonic pluripotent stem cells, despite their significant advantages, are associated with limitations such as their inadequate availability and the ethical dilemmas in their isolation and clinical use. The discovery of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells addressed the aforementioned limitations, but their isolation technique remains a challenge due to their small cell size and their efficiency in isolation. Here, we report a simplified and effective approach for the isolation of small pluripotent stem cells derived from human peripheral blood. Our approach results in a high yield of small blood stem cell (SBSC) population, which expresses pluripotent embryonic markers (e.g., Nanog, SSEA-3) and the Yamanaka factors. Further, a fraction of SBSCs also co-express hematopoietic markers (e.g., CD45 and CD90) and/or mesenchymal markers (e.g., CD29, CD105 and PTH1R), suggesting a mixed stem cell population. Finally, quantitative proteomic profiling reveals that SBSCs contain various stem cell markers (CD9, ITGA6, MAPK1, MTHFD1, STAT3, HSPB1, HSPA4), and Transcription reg complex factors (e.g., STAT5B, PDLIM1, ANXA2, ATF6, CAMK1). In conclusion, we present a novel, simplified and effective isolating process that yields an abundant population of small-sized cells with characteristics of pluripotency from human peripheral blood.
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Wang T, Liu Q, Chang YT, Liu J, Yu T, Maitiruze K, Ban LK, Sung TC, Subbiah SK, Renuka RR, Jen SH, Lee HHC, Higuchi A. Designed peptide-grafted hydrogels for human pluripotent stem cell culture and differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1434-1444. [PMID: 36541288 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the ability to differentiate into cells derived from three germ layers and are an attractive cell source for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. However, hPSCs cannot be cultured on conventional tissue culture flasks but can be cultured on biomaterials with specific hPSC integrin interaction sites. We designed hydrogels conjugated with several designed peptides that had laminin-β4 active sites, optimal elasticities and different zeta potentials. A higher expansion fold of hPSCs cultured on the hydrogels was found with the increasing zeta potential of the hydrogels conjugated with designed peptides, where positive amino acid (lysine) insertion into the peptides promoted higher zeta potentials of the hydrogels and higher expansion folds of hPSCs when cultured on the hydrogels using xeno-free protocols. The hPSCs cultured on hydrogels conjugated with the optimal peptides showed a higher expansion fold than those on recombinant vitronectin-coated plates, which are the gold standard of hPSC cultivation dishes. The hPSCs could differentiate into specific cell lineages, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived osteoblasts, even after being cultivated on hydrogels conjugated with optimal peptides for long periods of time, such as 10 passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Kailibinuer Maitiruze
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Lee-Kiat Ban
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd., Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, 173, Agaram Road, Tambaram East, Chennai-73, 600078, India
| | - Remya Rajan Renuka
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, 173, Agaram Road, Tambaram East, Chennai-73, 600078, India
| | - Shih Hsi Jen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77, Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Taoyuan 32405, Taiwan
| | - Henry Hsin-Chung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd., Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, 10630, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. .,R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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Ise H, Araki Y, Song I, Akatsuka G. N-acetylglucosamine-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins elicit anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells. Glycobiology 2023; 33:17-37. [PMID: 36190502 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins are post-translationally modified with GlcNAc conjugated to serine and threonine residues. This modification is associated with various physiological functions such as serine and threonine phosphorylation and Notch signaling. Here, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells and GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking the multivalent GlcNAc moiety of these proteins induced anti-fibrotic activities, such as the suppression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen and the induction of matrix metalloprotease 1 in myofibroblasts. We have previously reported that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and GlcNAc-bearing polymers could interact with cell surface vimentin and desmin. In the current study, it was demonstrated that a multivalent GlcNAc moiety structure of these molecules activated PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK pathway and elicited these anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts by interacting with cell surface vimentin. Since the interaction of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins with desmin was observed in the fibrotic liver of carbon tetrachloride-treated mice via an in situ proximity ligation assay, it was assumed that the activated stellate cells could bind to the O-GlcNAc-modified proteins from the damaged hepatocytes. In addition, the administration of anti-O-GlcNAc antibody to inhibit the interaction exacerbated liver fibrosis in the mice. Moreover, administration of the GlcNAc-bearing polymers into carbon tetrachloride-treated mice could ameliorate liver fibrosis. Thus, O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells can interact with myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells and function as fibrosis suppressors. Moreover, we anticipate that GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins will be applied as novel therapeutic tools for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Ise
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yusaku Araki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Inu Song
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Gen Akatsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Tian Z, Wang CK, Lin FL, Liu Q, Wang T, Sung TC, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH, Lee HHC, Wu GJ, Higuchi A. Effect of extracellular matrix proteins on the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5723-5732. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), such as bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), has shown beneficial effects in protecting transplanted tissues and cells...
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Zhang D, Zhuang R, Li J, Lv Y, Yang X, Pan W, Zhang X. MicroSPECT Imaging-Guided Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice with a Vimentin-Targeting 99mTc-Labeled N-Acetylglucosamine-Polyethyleneimine. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4140-4147. [PMID: 34657437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic disease with poor prognosis. Evidence has shown that vimentin is a key regulator of lung fibrogenesis. 99mTc-labeled N-acetylglucosamine-polyethyleneimine (NAG-PEI), a vimentin-targeting radiotracer, was used for the early diagnosis of IPF, and NAG-PEI was also used as a therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vector for the treatment of IPF in this study. Single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of bleomycin (BM)- and silica-induced IPF mice with 99mTc-labeled NAG-PEI was performed to visualize pulmonary fibrosis and monitor the treatment efficiency of siRNA-loaded NAG-PEI, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a tolerogenic adjuvant), or zymosan (ZYM, an immunostimulant). The lung uptakes of 99mTc-NAG-PEI in the BM- and silica-induced IPF mice were clearly and directly correlated with IPF progression. The lung uptake of 99mTc-NAG-PEI in the NAG-PEI/TGF-β1-siRNA treatment group or LPS treatment group was evidently lower than that in the control group, while the lung uptake of 99mTc-NAG-PEI was significantly higher in the ZYM treatment group compared to that in the control group. These results demonstrate that NAG-PEI is a potent MicroSPECT imaging-guided theranostic platform for IPF diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jindian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuting Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weimin Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Brown C, McKee C, Halassy S, Kojan S, Feinstein DL, Chaudhry GR. Neural stem cells derived from primitive mesenchymal stem cells reversed disease symptoms and promoted neurogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:499. [PMID: 34503569 PMCID: PMC8427882 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS affects millions of people and causes a great economic and societal burden. There is no cure for MS. We used a novel approach to investigate the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human primitive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Methods MSCs were differentiated into NSCs, labeled with PKH26, and injected into the tail vein of EAE mice. Neurobehavioral changes in the mice assessed the effect of transplanted cells on the disease process. The animals were sacrificed two weeks following cell transplantation to collect blood, lymphatic, and CNS tissues for analysis. Transplanted cells were tracked in various tissues by flow cytometry. Immune infiltrates were determined and characterized by H&E and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Levels of immune regulatory cells, Treg and Th17, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Myelination was determined by Luxol fast blue staining and immunostaining. In vivo fate of transplanted cells and expression of inflammation, astrogliosis, myelination, neural, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis markers were investigated by using immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analysis.
Results MSC-derived NSCs expressed specific neural markers, NESTIN, TUJ1, VIMENTIN, and PAX6. NSCs improved EAE symptoms more than MSCs when transplanted in EAE mice. Post-transplantation analyses also showed homing of MSCs and NSCs into the CNS with concomitant induction of an anti-inflammatory response, resulting in reducing immune infiltrates. NSCs also modulated Treg and Th17 cell levels in EAE mice comparable to healthy controls. Luxol fast blue staining showed significant improvement in myelination in treated mice. Further analysis showed that NSCs upregulated genes involved in myelination and neuroprotection but downregulated inflammatory and astrogliosis genes more significantly than MSCs. Importantly, NSCs differentiated into neural derivatives and promoted neurogenesis, possibly by modulating BDNF and FGF signaling pathways. Conclusions NSC transplantation reversed the disease process by inducing an anti-inflammatory response and promoting myelination, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis in EAE disease animals. These promising results provide a basis for clinical studies to treat MS using NSCs derived from primitive MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02563-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Sophia Halassy
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Suleiman Kojan
- Department of Neuroscience, OUWB School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Doug L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells curbs the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through T-cell immune response. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:593-604. [PMID: 34349349 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) are effective in modulating immunity. However, the role of MSC-Exo in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. Our study was performed to identify if exosomal microRNA (miRNA) can be used as potential noninvasive biomarkers for ccRCC therapy. An orthotopic ccRCC mouse model was established, followed by MSC-Exo injection (1 mL, 20 μg/mL). The metastases of tumors were observed using HE staining, while number of dendritic cells, natural killing (NK) T cells and CD8+ T cells was measured using flow cytometry. It was observed that MSC-Exo treatment significantly inhibited metastasis and growth of tumors, and improved immune response in vivo. As for in vitro assay, naive T cells were treated with MSC-Exo, followed by detection of T cell proliferation using EdU staining and CFSE assay. Results also showed that MSC-Exo facilitated sensitivity of ccRCC cells to NK T cells. Our experimental data further showed that miR-182 could be delivered by MSC-Exo in ccRCC, which targeted vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), as dual-luciferase reporter assays validated. In conclusion, miR-182 contained in MSC-Exo promoted immune response of T cells by suppressing VEGFA expression, thus alleviating ccRCC development.
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Das M, Das A, Barui A, Paul RR. Comparative evaluation of proliferative potential and replicative senescence associated changes in mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp and umbilical cord. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 23:157-170. [PMID: 33900487 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been widely studied for tissue regeneration and cell-based therapy. MSC can be isolated from different body tissues while several biological waste sources like dental pulp, umbilical cord, cord derived blood, amniotic fluid or urine have also emerged as potential sources of MSCs. Specifically, isolation of MSCs from such non-conventional sources show promising outcomes due to the non-invasiveness of the extraction process and high proliferation capacity of the isolated MSC. However, these stem cells also exhibit the limitation of replicative senescence in long-term culture condition. Inter-cellular reactive oxygen species is an important contributor for inducing cellular senescence under long-term culture conditions. For translational application, it becomes imperative to compare the stem cells isolated from these sources for their senescence and proliferative properties. In this study, MSC were extracted from two different sources of biological waste materials-dental pulp and umbilical cord, and compared for their proliferation capacity and replicative senescence at different passage numbers (i.e. P2 and P6). Intracellular ROS production was significantly (p < 0.001) less in dental pulp stem cells culture in comparison to umbilical cord-derived stem cells at P6. The β-gal expression also showed significantly (p < 0.001) low expression in DPSC culture compared to that of UCSC at P6. The study indicates the source of stem cells influences the proliferation capacity as well as replicative senescence of MSCs. This study will thus pave the path of future research in selecting appropriate stem cell source for regenerative medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Das
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ranjan Rashmi Paul
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, JIS University, Kolkata, India. .,Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, India.
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Patteson AE, Vahabikashi A, Goldman RD, Janmey PA. Mechanical and Non-Mechanical Functions of Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Vimentin. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000078. [PMID: 32893352 PMCID: PMC8349470 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) formed by vimentin are less understood than their cytoskeletal partners, microtubules and F-actin, but the unique physical properties of IFs, especially their resistance to large deformations, initially suggest a mechanical function. Indeed, vimentin IFs help regulate cell mechanics and contractility, and in crowded 3D environments they protect the nucleus during cell migration. Recently, a multitude of studies, often using genetic or proteomic screenings show that vimentin has many non-mechanical functions within and outside of cells. These include signaling roles in wound healing, lipogenesis, sterol processing, and various functions related to extracellular and cell surface vimentin. Extracellular vimentin is implicated in marking circulating tumor cells, promoting neural repair, and mediating the invasion of host cells by viruses, including SARS-CoV, or bacteria such as Listeria and Streptococcus. These findings underscore the fundamental role of vimentin in not only cell mechanics but also a range of physiological functions. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/YPfoddqvz-g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Amir Vahabikashi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Song I, Ise H. Development of a Gene Delivery System of Oligonucleotides for Fibroses by Targeting Cell-Surface Vimentin-Expressing Cells with N-Acetylglucosamine-Bearing Polymer-Conjugated Polyethyleneimine. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071508. [PMID: 32645972 PMCID: PMC7407634 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells in lesion sites of fibrotic tissues is an important approach to treat fibroses. Herein, we focused on targeting the cytoskeletal proteins vimentin, which are reportedly highly expressed on the surface of these cells and have N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-binding activity. A GlcNAc-bearing polymer synthesized via radical polymerization with a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer reagent has been previously found to interact with cell-surface vimentin-expressing cells. We designed a GlcNAc-bearing polymer-conjugated polyethyleneimine (PEI), as the gene carrier to target cell-surface vimentin-expressing cells and specifically deliver nuclear factor-κB decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs) and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47)-small interfering RNA (siRNA) to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) that express cell-surface vimentin. The results showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NHDFs and HSP47 in transforming growth factor-β1-stimulated NHDFs was suppressed by cellular uptake of the GlcNAc-bearing polymer-conjugated PEI/nuclear factor (NF)-κB decoy ODNs and HSP47-siRNA complexes through cell-surface vimentin, respectively. These findings suggest that the effective and specific delivery of ODNs and siRNA for cell-surface vimentin-expressing cells such as myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells can be achieved using GlcNAc-bearing polymer-conjugated PEI. This therapeutic approach could prove advantageous to prevent the promotion of various fibroses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inu Song
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Hirohiko Ise
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-092-802-2503
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14
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Ramos I, Stamatakis K, Oeste CL, Pérez-Sala D. Vimentin as a Multifaceted Player and Potential Therapeutic Target in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4675. [PMID: 32630064 PMCID: PMC7370124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that plays key roles in integration of cytoskeletal functions, and therefore in basic cellular processes such as cell division and migration. Consequently, vimentin has complex implications in pathophysiology. Vimentin is required for a proper immune response, but it can also act as an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases or as a damage signal. Although vimentin is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein, it can also appear at extracellular locations, either in a secreted form or at the surface of numerous cell types, often in relation to cell activation, inflammation, injury or senescence. Cell surface targeting of vimentin appears to associate with the occurrence of certain posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and/or oxidative damage. At the cell surface, vimentin can act as a receptor for bacterial and viral pathogens. Indeed, vimentin has been shown to play important roles in virus attachment and entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), dengue and encephalitis viruses, among others. Moreover, the presence of vimentin in specific virus-targeted cells and its induction by proinflammatory cytokines and tissue damage contribute to its implication in viral infection. Here, we recapitulate some of the pathophysiological implications of vimentin, including the involvement of cell surface vimentin in interaction with pathogens, with a special focus on its role as a cellular receptor or co-receptor for viruses. In addition, we provide a perspective on approaches to target vimentin, including antibodies or chemical agents that could modulate these interactions to potentially interfere with viral pathogenesis, which could be useful when multi-target antiviral strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology and Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Konstantinos Stamatakis
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC. Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.S.); (C.L.O.)
| | - Clara L. Oeste
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC. Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.S.); (C.L.O.)
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hwang B, Ise H. Multimeric conformation of type III intermediate filaments but not the filamentous conformation exhibits high affinity to lipid bilayers. Genes Cells 2020; 25:413-426. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beomju Hwang
- Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hirohiko Ise
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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