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Ekawati N, Mutiara I, Hertati A, Kusdianawati, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Manguntungi B, Elviantari A. Biodiversity and probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from sumbawa horse milk. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:911. [PMID: 39150593 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial composition of Sumbawa Horse Milk is influenced by various factors, including environmental elements that encompass geographical location, climate, and conditions specific to Sumbawa. This study aimed to determine the biodiversity and genetic diversity of the microbiome of Sumbawa Horse Milk, with an emphasis on yeast. METHODS The diversity and group of yeast isolates were evaluated by the sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) method using ME2F-EM15R (1) and ME2F-EM12R (2) primers. Molecular identification using 18 S rRNA primers was then carried out on nine selected isolates (K_21, K_31, K_42, K_45, K_1, K_6, K_8, K_17, and K_19) to determine the type of yeast. Probiotic candidate tests were carried out on three isolates, namely K_1, K_6 and K_8. RESULTS Analysis with NTSYS software on the SRAP results using Primer 1 revealed the presence of two major groups, where Group I was exclusively comprised of K_45 isolate, whereas the other isolates belonged to Group II. On the other hand, analysis with NTSYS software on the SRAP analysis with Primer 2 also showed two major groups with different compositions. Group I consisted of isolates K_39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 31, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, and 21, while the remaining isolates belonged to Group II. Results of 18 S rRNA analysis demonstrated that K_17 and K_19 had 99.8 and 100% similarity, respectively, and identified as Candida humilis. K_21, K_31, and K_45 were identified as having a 100% similarity to Clavispora lusitaniae, while K_42 had a 99.8% similarity to Candida parapsilosis. Three isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Ogataea, namely Ogataea polymorpha (K_6 and K_8) and Ogataea siamensis (K_1) with similarity of 100% and 99.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the three yeast have potential as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurlaili Ekawati
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ilma Mutiara
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa, Indonesia
| | - Ai Hertati
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kusdianawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Makassar State University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Fatimah
- Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Baso Manguntungi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Majene, Indonesia
| | - Adelia Elviantari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa, Indonesia
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Akinyemi MO, Ogunremi OR, Adeleke RA, Ezekiel CN. Probiotic Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts from Raw Goat Milk in Nigeria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:163-180. [PMID: 36520357 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are incorporated in foods due to their numerous health benefits. We investigated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts isolated from goat milk in Nigeria for novel probiotic strains. In this study, a total of 27 LAB and 23 yeast strains were assessed for their probiotic potentials. Only six LAB strains (Weissella cibaria GM 93m3, Weissella confusa GM 92m1, Pediococcus acidilactici GM 18a, Pediococcus pentosaceus GM 23d, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus GM 102s4, Limosilactobacillus fermentum GM 30m1) and four yeast strains (Candida tropicalis 12a, C. tropicalis 33d, Diutina rugosa 53b, and D. rugosa 77a) identified using partial 16S and 26S rDNA sequencing, respectively, showed survival at pH 2.5, 0.3% bile salt, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions and possessed auto-aggregative and hydrophobic properties, thus satisfying key in vitro criteria as probiotics. All LAB strains showed coaggregation properties and antimicrobial activities against pathogens. Pediococcus pentosaceus GM 23d recorded the strongest coaggregation percentage (34-94%) against 14 pathogens, while W. cibaria GM 93m3 showed the least (6-57%) against eight of the 14 pathogens. The whole cell and extracellular extracts of LAB and yeast strains, with the exception of D. rugosa 77a, had either 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl and/or hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, all six LAB and four yeast strains are important probiotic candidates that can be further investigated for use as functional starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muiz O Akinyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Omotade R Ogunremi
- Department of Biological Sciences, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rasheed A Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Hussain A, Akram S, Ahmad D, Rehman M, Ahmed A, Ali SA. Molecular Assessment and Validation of the Selected Enterococcal Strains as Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6. [PMID: 37731160 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as probiotics since decades. Enterococci being the member of LAB have proven probiotic strains; therefore, this study was aimed at finding out the potential probiotic candidates from the pool of locally isolated strains. For initial screening, one hundred and twenty-two strains were selected and subjected to different confirmatory and phenotypic tests to choose the best strains that have potential probiotic criteria, i.e., no potential virulence traits, antibiotic resistance, and having tolerance properties. Keeping this criterion, only eleven strains (n = 11) were selected for further assessment. All virulence traits such as production of hemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm, and DNase were performed and not found in the tested strains. The molecular assessment indicates the presence of few virulence-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis strains with variable frequency. The phenotypic and genotypic assessments of antibiotic resistance profile indicate that the selected strain was susceptible to ten commonly used antibiotics, and there were no transferrable antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of CRISPR-Cas genes also confirmed the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Various enterocin-producing genes like EntP, EntB, EntA, and EntQ were also identified in the selected strains which make them promising probiotic lead strains. Different tolerance assays like acid, NaCl, and gastric juice tolerance that mimic host conditions was also evaluated by providing artificial conditions. Cellular adhesion and aggregation properties like auto- and co-aggregation were also checked and their results reflect all in the favor of lead probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Hussain
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saira Akram
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Rehman
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Sylvere N, Mustopa AZ, Budiarti S, Meilina L, Hertati A, Handayani I. Whole-genome sequence analysis and probiotic characteristics of Lactococcus lactis Subsp. lactis strain Lac3 isolated from traditional fermented buffalo milk (Dadih). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:49. [PMID: 37127774 PMCID: PMC10151293 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects on the host's health when exploited in adequate amounts. This study aimed at carrying out whole-genome sequence analysis and in vitro potential probiotic characteristics of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain Lac3 isolated from the spontaneously fermented buffalo milk named Dadih. RESULTS The results from de novo assembly indicated that the assembled genome consisted of 55 contigs with a genome size of 2,441,808 bp ~ (2.44 Mb), and GC % content of 34.85%. The evolution history result showed that the strain Lac3 was closely related to Lactococcus lactis species deposited in NCBI with a sequence similarity ≥ 99.93%. L. lactis subsp. lactis Lac3 was non-pathogenic with a probability of 0.21 out of 1 and had a pathogenicity score of zero (0), and neither harbored virulence factors nor acquired antibiotic resistance phenotypes. L. lactis subsp. lactis Lac3 exhibited the potential probiotic characteristics to tolerate acid at pH (2.0 and 5.0), salinity (1-5% NaCl), bile salt of (0.3-1.0%) and had auto-aggregation capacity increased from 6.0 to 13.1%. CONCLUSION This study described a novel strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis called Lac3, which exhibits probiotic properties that could be beneficial in the development of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Sri Budiarti
- School of Biotechnology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Indonesia Research Center for Bioresources and Biotechnology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lita Meilina
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ai Hertati
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ira Handayani
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
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dos Santos DC, da Oliveira Filho JG, Andretta JR, Silva FG, Egea MB. Challenges in maintaining the probiotic potential in alcoholic beverage development. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Meruvu H, Harsa ST. Lactic acid bacteria: isolation-characterization approaches and industrial applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8337-8356. [PMID: 35348017 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current state-of-art research pertaining to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) calls for the screening and isolation of robust LAB strains to achieve holistic exploitation of LAB and their metabolites of marketable importance. Hence it is imperative to comprehend LAB sources, growth requisites, isolation and characterization strategies necessary for featured cataloging and appropriate culturing. This review comprehensively describes various growth media and biomasses used for supporting LAB sustenance, assay procedures needed for the isolation and characterization of LAB strains, and their application in diverse sectors. The various industrial patents and their summarized claims about novel LAB strains isolated and identified, methods and media (used for detection/screening, isolation, adaptation, culturing, preservation, growth improvement), the techniques and/or methodologies supporting LAB fermentation, and applications of produced industrial metabolites in various market scenarios are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Meruvu
- CEO, Revathi Hospital, Revathi Firm, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sebnem Tellioglu Harsa
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahçe Campus, Urla, İzmir, Turkey
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Bikheet MM, Mahmoud ME, Yassien EE, Hassan HM. Effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from some fermented dairy products on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11790-11800. [PMID: 34553279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current research was performed to evaluate the potential protective effect of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, and silymarin in the alleviation of health (hepatic and renal) complications caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Healthy sixty albino rats were divided into six groups, the first group was control (negative), the second group (control positive) was injected CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 1:1 v/v paraffin oil mixture, i.p. every third day for 8 weeks), the third group (CCl4 + silymarin group) receiving both CCl4 and daily silymarin therapy (50 mg/kg, oral), and the fourth group: CCl4 + Lactobacillus paracasei (1 ml orally). The fifth group (CCl4 + Pediococcus acidilactici 1 ml orally) and the sixth group (CCl4 + Lactococcus lactis 1 ml orally) for 8 weeks per day. Biochemical markers were tested for blood, liver, and kidney tissue. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney tissues was performed. The findings obtained have shown that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis improved the disrupted biochemical parameters caused by CCl4 therapy. Besides, the findings of the histopathology are in consistent with biochemical parameters and the protective ability of lactic acid bacteria suggesting that the best lactic acid bacteria were Pediococcus acidilactici that helped strengthen liver fibrosis caused by CCl4 therapy, while the best bacterium for improving renal damage was Lactococcus lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Bikheet
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman E Yassien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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Dairy Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Function in Dietetics: The Food-Gut-Health Axis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123099. [PMID: 34945650 PMCID: PMC8701325 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy products are the good source of different species of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are beneficial microbes well characterized for their health-promoting potential. Traditionally, dietary intake of fermented dairy foods has been related to different health-promoting benefits including antimicrobial activity and modulation of the immune system, among others. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests a contribution of dairy LAB in the prophylaxis and therapy of non-communicable diseases. Live bacterial cells or their metabolites can directly impact physiological responses and/or act as signalling molecules mediating more complex communications. This review provides up-to-date knowledge on the interactions between LAB isolated from dairy products (dairy LAB) and human health by discussing the concept of the food–gut-health axis. In particular, some bioactivities and probiotic potentials of dairy LAB have been provided on their involvement in the gut–brain axis and non-communicable diseases mainly focusing on their potential in the treatment of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer.
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Diale MO, Kayitesi E, Serepa-Dlamini MH. Genome In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of the Probiotic Properties of a Bacterial Endophyte, Bacillus Paranthracis Strain MHSD3. Front Genet 2021; 12:672149. [PMID: 34858466 PMCID: PMC8631869 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.672149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming Bacillus species are gaining interest in human health recently, due to their ability to withstand the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study explores probiotic features of Bacillus paranthracis strain MHSD3 through genomic analysis and in vitro probiotic assays. The draft genome of strain MHSD3 contained genes associated with tolerance to gastrointestinal stress and adhesion. Cluster genes responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, bacteriocins, and linear azole-containing peptides were identified. Additionally, strain MHSD3 was able to survive in an acidic environment, had the tolerance to bile salt, and exhibited the capability to tolerate gastric juices. Moreover, the isolate was found to possess strong cell surface traits such as high auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity indices of 79 and 54%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the strain produced secondary metabolites such as amino acids, phenolic compounds, and organic acid, known to exert health-promoting properties, including the improvement of gastrointestinal tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamonokane Olga Diale
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Consumer and Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Yuksekdag Z, Ahlatcı NS, Hajikhani R, Darilmaz DO, Beyatli Y. Safety and metabolic characteristics of 17 Enterococcus faecium isolates. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5683-5694. [PMID: 34468805 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, metabolic characteristics, such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and antimicrobial activities, of 17 Enterococcus faecium isolates from white cheese samples were assessed. In E. faecium isolates, the amount of lactic acid obtained between in MRS medium 0.61-1.22% and in skim milk 0.75-1.08%, and the amount of H2O2 was found between 0.57 and 3.17 µg mL-1. In MRS and skim milk, the amount of EPS production was 59-185 mg L-1, 155-255 mg L-1 for isolates, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of E. faecium isolates on eight different pathogenic bacteria were also performed by an agar well diffusion method. The highest inhibition zones 8.60 mm were observed with culture supernatants of RI-71 isolate against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. The safety of the E. faecium isolates was assessed by determining gelatinase activity, hemolytic activity, the resistance to ten different antibiotics, biofilm forming, and virulence genes (van A, van B, gelE, cylA, cylB, esp, agg, and asa1, efaAfm, cob, ccf, hyl). The isolates did not show gelatinase activity, β-hemolysis, and biofilm formation. All E. faecium isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, penicillin-G, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. The efaAfm gene was detected most frequently (94%) followed by cob (82%), van B (59%), and ccf (53%). For enterococci to be recommended as co-starter or probiotic adjunct cultures, it is necessary to determine whether they have virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehranur Yuksekdag
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nur Seda Ahlatcı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rasta Hajikhani
- Nikan Alley, 10 Sohrevardi Shomali Ave., Ostad Motahhari, 1567714413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Derya Onal Darilmaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Beyatli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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Ferchichi M, Sebei K, Boukerb AM, Karray-Bouraoui N, Chevalier S, Feuilloley MGJ, Connil N, Zommiti M. Enterococcus spp.: Is It a Bad Choice for a Good Use-A Conundrum to Solve? Microorganisms 2021; 9:2222. [PMID: 34835352 PMCID: PMC8622268 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since antiquity, the ubiquitous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Enterococci, which are just as predominant in both human and animal intestinal commensal flora, have been used (and still are) as probiotics in food and feed production. Their qualities encounter several hurdles, particularly in terms of the array of virulence determinants, reflecting a notorious reputation that nearly prevents their use as probiotics. Additionally, representatives of the Enterococcus spp. genus showed intrinsic resistance to several antimicrobial agents, and flexibility to acquire resistance determinants encoded on a broad array of conjugative plasmids, transposons, and bacteriophages. The presence of such pathogenic aspects among some species represents a critical barrier compromising their use as probiotics in food. Thus, the genus neither has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status nor has it been included in the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list implying drastic legislation towards these microorganisms. To date, the knowledge of the virulence factors and the genetic structure of foodborne enterococcal strains is rather limited. Although enterococcal infections originating from food have never been reported, the consumption of food carrying virulence enterococci seems to be a risky path of transfer, and hence, it renders them poor choices as probiotics. Auspiciously, enterococcal virulence factors seem to be strain specific suggesting that clinical isolates carry much more determinants that food isolates. The latter remain widely susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics and subsequently, have a lower potential for pathogenicity. In terms of the ideal enterococcal candidate, selected strains deemed for use in foods should not possess any virulence genes and should be susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics. Overall, implementation of an appropriate risk/benefit analysis, in addition to the case-by-case assessment, the establishment of a strain's innocuity, and consideration for relevant guidelines, legislation, and regulatory aspects surrounding functional food development seem to be the crucial elements for industries, health-staff and consumers to accept enterococci, like other LAB, as important candidates for useful and beneficial applications in food industry and food biotechnology. The present review aims at shedding light on the world of hurdles and limitations that hampers the Enterococcus spp. genus and its representatives from being used or proposed for use as probiotics. The future of enterococci use as probiotics and legislation in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Ferchichi
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Khaled Sebei
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Amine Mohamed Boukerb
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Najoua Karray-Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de Productivité Végétale et Contraintes Abiotiques, LR18ES04, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Mohamed Zommiti
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
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Daba GM, El-Dien AN, Saleh SA, Elkhateeb WA, Awad G, Nomiyama T, Yamashiro K, Zendo T. Evaluation of Enterococcus strains newly isolated from Egyptian sources for bacteriocin production and probiotic potential. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ahmed S, Muhammad T, Zaidi A. Cottage cheese enriched with lactobacilli encapsulated in alginate–chitosan microparticles forestalls perishability and augments probiotic activity. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ahmed
- National Probiotic Laboratory National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Jhang Road Faisalabad38000Pakistan
- NIBGE_C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Lehtrar Road Islamabad45650Pakistan
| | - Tariq Muhammad
- National Probiotic Laboratory National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Jhang Road Faisalabad38000Pakistan
- NIBGE_C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Lehtrar Road Islamabad45650Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Jhang Road Faisalabad38000Pakistan
- NIBGE_C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Lehtrar Road Islamabad45650Pakistan
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