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Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty M, Chanda A, Alqahtani T, Kumer A, Dhara B, Chattopadhyay M. Neuroendocrine and cellular mechanisms in stress resilience: From hormonal influence in the CNS to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18220. [PMID: 38509751 PMCID: PMC10955164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in neuroendocrinology challenge the long-held belief that hormonal effects are confined to perivascular tissues and do not extend to the central nervous system (CNS). This paradigm shift, propelled by groundbreaking research, reveals that synthetic hormones, notably in anti-inflammatory medications, significantly influence steroid psychosis, behavioural, and cognitive impairments, as well as neuropeptide functions. A seminal development in this field occurred in 1968 with McEven's proposal that rodent brains are responsive to glucocorticoids, fundamentally altering the understanding of how anxiety impacts CNS functionality and leading to the identification of glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticoids as distinct corticotropic receptors. This paper focuses on the intricate roles of the neuroendocrine, immunological, and CNS in fostering stress resilience, underscored by recent animal model studies. These studies highlight active, compensatory, and passive strategies for resilience, supporting the concept that anxiety and depression are systemic disorders involving dysregulation across both peripheral and central systems. Resilience is conceptualized as a multifaceted process that enhances psychological adaptability to stress through adaptive mechanisms within the immunological system, brain, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and ANS Axis. Furthermore, the paper explores oxidative stress, particularly its origin from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. The mitochondria's role extends beyond ATP production, encompassing lipid, heme, purine, and steroidogenesis synthesis. ROS-induced damage to biomolecules can lead to significant mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis, emphasizing the critical nature of mitochondrial health in overall cellular function and stress resilience. This comprehensive synthesis of neuroendocrinological and cellular biological research offers new insights into the systemic complexity of stress-related disorders and the imperative for multidisciplinary approaches in their study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Bhattacharya
- Department of PharmacologyCalcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCalcutta institute of pharmaceutical technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Ananya Chanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceAdamas UniversityBarasatWest BengalIndia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Arts and Sciences, IUBAT‐International University of Business Agriculture and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Bikram Dhara
- Center for Global Health ResearchSaveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia
- Department of Health SciencesNovel Global Community and Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Moitreyee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMaulana Abul Kalam Azad University of TechnologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
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Liaqat H, Parveen A, Kim SY. Neuroprotective Natural Products’ Regulatory Effects on Depression via Gut–Brain Axis Targeting Tryptophan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163270. [PMID: 36014776 PMCID: PMC9413544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (Trp) contributes to regulating bilateral communication of the gut–brain axis. It undergoes three major metabolic pathways, which lead to formation of kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT), and indole derivatives (under the control of the microbiota). Metabolites from the principal Trp pathway, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, exhibit neuroprotective activity, while picolinic acid exhibits antioxidant activity, and 5-HT modulates appetite, sleep cycle, and pain. Abnormality in Trp plays crucial roles in diseases, including depression, colitis, ulcer, and gut microbiota-related dysfunctions. To address these diseases, the use of natural products could be a favorable alternative because they are a rich source of compounds that can modulate the activity of Trp and combat various diseases through modulating different signaling pathways, including the gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway, and serotonin pathway. Alterations in the signaling cascade pathways via different phytochemicals may help us explore the deep relationships of the gut–brain axis to study neuroprotection. This review highlights the roles of natural products and their metabolites targeting Trp in different diseases. Additionally, the role of Trp metabolites in the regulation of neuroprotective and gastroprotective activities is discussed. This study compiles the literature on novel, potent neuroprotective agents and their action mechanisms in the gut–brain axis and proposes prospective future studies to identify more pharmaceuticals based on signaling pathways targeting Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
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Dai L, Wang P, Du H, Guo Q, Li F, He X, Zou S. High-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Accelerates onset Time of Beneficial Treating Effects and Improves Clinical Symptoms of Depression. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:500-510. [PMID: 34736388 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211104123343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, more and more patients with depression demonstrate suicidal intention and suicidal behavior. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating depression with suicidal ideation. METHODS Eighty-nine depression patients with suicide intention were administrated drugs combined with four weeks of Active rTMS (n=40) or sham (n=49) rTMS treatment. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-24) and Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS) were used to evaluate suicide risk and depression severity at baseline, weeks 2 and 4. A 25% reduction in HAMD-24 score from baseline was defined as treatment response. More than a 20% reduction in HAMD-24 score from baseline within the first 2 weeks of treatment was defined as an early improvement. RESULTS No statistical significance was found for baseline sociodemographic and illness characteristics between the two groups (P >0.05). There was a significant difference for HAMD-24 and SIOSS scores between the two groups at weeks 2 and 4. Active rTMS group demonstrated a more significant score reduction compared to the Sham rTMS group at weeks 2 and 4. There was a significantly greater number of patients with early improvement observed in the Active rTMS group compared to those in the Sham rTMS group at weeks 2 (P <0.05). There was a significant difference in responder rates between the two groups at weeks 4 for HAMD-24 scores (P <0.05). CONCLUSION rTMS could accelerate the onset time of beneficial treating effects and improve clinical symptoms of depression. During the treatment course, cognitive disorder, sleep disorder, anxiety/ somatization, retardation, and hopelessness symptoms were improved dramatically, and suicidal ideation was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Dai
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jingmen NO.2 People\'s Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi\'an Jiaotong University, Xi\'an, China
| | - Hui Du
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jingmen NO.2 People\'s Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Qingshan Guo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jingmen NO.2 People\'s Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jingmen NO.2 People\'s Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Xinfu He
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jingmen NO.2 People\'s Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Shaohong Zou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People\'s Hospital, Urumqi, China
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Xia B, Chen C, Tao W. Neuroplasticity: A Key Player in the Antidepressant Action of Chinese Herbal Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1115-1133. [PMID: 34049476 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a systematic medicine. It provides alternative strategies for the treatment of depression with its clinical experience, comprehensive diagnosis, and treatment theory. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is the major form of TCM prescription, and numerous CHMs have been demonstrated to possess remarkable antidepressant-like properties. A diversity of mechanisms have been implicated in CHM-associated antidepressant property. This paper reviewed the neuroplastic mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of CHM, finding that CHM repairs neuroplasticity by improving neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, synaptic spine morphology, cell signaling, glutamatergic system, monoamine neurotransmitters, and neural apoptosis. CHM thereby exerts an antidepressant effect, attempting to offer a better understanding of the mechanisms implicated in TCM-related antidepressant-like efficacy and laying a foundation for the scientific evaluation and development of TCM in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xia
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Wang L, Yu L, Yin G. Physiology and miRNA expression in confined sows with different pupillary light reflex. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1895680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Langchao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Guoan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Soleymani A, Cheng Q. Traditional herbal medicines to overcome stress, anxiety and improve mental health in outbreaks of human coronaviruses. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1237-1247. [PMID: 33350538 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mental health condition is including depression and anxiety, and they may impact wellbeing, personal relationships and productivity of both genders. Herbal medicines have been used to treatment of anxiety and depression symptoms for centuries. SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are related to coronavirus types. SARS (sever acute respiratory syndrome, China, 2002), MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome, Saudi Arabia, 2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-2020) are the main coronavirus outbreaks. Both anxiety and depression are more serious to be considered and improved for all general public during fight with these diseases. In this mini-review article, we have mentioned the key role some of the most important plants and herbs for treatment of stress and anxiety and improve mental health against SARS and SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of traditional Asian medicine, especially traditional Chinese and Persian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad H Shahrajabian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, China
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7
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Lee KH, Bahk WM, Lee SJ, Pae CU. Effectiveness and Tolerability of Korean Red Ginseng Augmentation in Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Difficult-to-treat in Routine Practice. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:621-626. [PMID: 33124595 PMCID: PMC7609220 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.4.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective : To test clinical effectiveness and tolerability of Korean Red Ginseng augmentation (RGA) in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with difficult-to-treat. Methods Thirty six patients were enrolled in this 6 weeks, prospective, clinical trial. Rating scales were MontgomeryÅsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Clinical Global Impression-improvement (CGI-I), and Patient Satisfaction Score. The primary endpoint was a remission rate measured by MADRS score at the end of study (≤ 10). Clinical outcomes and tolerability were assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 6. Results Among 36 patients, 26 patients completed the study and 28 patients had post-baseline visit data. The remission rate by MADRS score was 39.3% (11/28) and 57.1% by CGI-I scores of 1 or 2 at the end of the study. The mean change of MADRS score was significantly decreased by 44.4% from baseline to the end of study. The most frequent adverse events were headache (7/28, 25.0%) during the study. Conclusion Our study indicates the putative effectiveness and tolerability of RGA for treating MDD with difficult-to-treat in clinical practice. However, adequately powered, randomized, controlled trials will be needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Antimania-Like Effect of Panax ginseng Regulating the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in REM-Sleep Deprivation Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3636874. [PMID: 33123570 PMCID: PMC7586145 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3636874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the therapeutic properties of ginseng and ginsenosides on hyperactive and impulsive behaviors in several psychiatric diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of Panax ginseng Meyer (PG) on hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in a manic-like animal model, sleep deprivation (SD) rats. Male rats were sleep-deprived for 48 h, and PG (200 mg/kg) was administered for 4 days, from 2 days prior to the start of SD to the end date of SD. The elevated plus maze (EPM) test showed that PG alleviated the increased frequency of entries into and spent time within open arms by SD. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism on this effect of PG, we assessed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the prefrontal cortex of PG-treated SD rats using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and performed gene-enrichment analysis for DEGs. The gene-enrichment analysis showed that PG most prominently affected the glutamatergic synapse pathway. Among the glutamatergic synapse pathway genes, particularly, PG enhanced the expressions of glutamate transporter Slc1a3 and Slc1a2 reduced in SD rats. Moreover, we found that PG could inhibit the SD-induced phosphorylation of the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor. These results suggested that PG might have a therapeutic effect against the manic-like behaviors, regulating the glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Hou W, Wang Y, Zheng P, Cui R. Effects of Ginseng on Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:55. [PMID: 32265659 PMCID: PMC7099600 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), a famous traditional medicinal herb, has been widely used for many centuries. Numerous studies have shown that ginseng has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. In this review, we summarized the effects of ginseng in treating neurological diseases, particularly the anti-depressant effects of ginseng. Furthermore, its potential mechanism was also outlined. Therefore, this review may provide new insight into the treatment of ginseng on neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Peihe Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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