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Nguyen TT, Huy TXN, Aguilar CNT, Reyes AWB, Salad SA, Min WG, Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim S. Intracellular Growth Inhibition and Host Immune Modulation of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole in Murine Brucellosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17352. [PMID: 38139181 PMCID: PMC10743636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalase, an antioxidant enzyme widely produced in mammalian cells and bacteria, is crucial to mitigating oxidative stress in hostile environments. This function enhances the intracellular survivability of various intracellular growth pathogens, including Brucella (B.) abortus. In this study, to determine whether the suppression of catalase can inhibit the intracellular growth of B. abortus, we employed 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), a catalase inhibitor, in both RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and an ICR mouse model during Brucella infection. The intracellular growth assay indicated that 3-AT exerts growth-inhibitory effects on B. abortus within macrophages. Moreover, it contributes to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the formation of nitric oxide. Notably, 3-AT diminishes the activation of the nucleus transcription factor (NF-κB) and modulates the cytokine secretion within infected cells. In our mouse model, the administration of 3-AT reduced the B. abortus proliferation within the spleens and livers of infected mice. This reduction was accompanied by a diminished immune response to infection, as indicated by the lowered levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 and altered CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio. These results suggest the protective and immunomodulatory effects of 3-AT treatment against Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, Vietnam
| | - Ched Nicole Turbela Aguilar
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Philippines;
| | - Said Abdi Salad
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Won-Gi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hu-Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - John-Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
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Kalanaky S, Fakharzadeh S, Karimi P, Hafizi M, Jamaati H, Hassanzadeh SM, Khorasani A, Mahdavi M, Nazaran MH. Nanoadjuvants Produced by Advanced Nanochelating Technology in the Inactivated-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Vaccine Formulation: Preliminary Results on Cytokines and IgG Responses. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:409-423. [PMID: 37506342 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great success of vaccines in various infectious diseases, most current vaccines are not effective enough, and on the contrary, clinically approved alum adjuvants cannot induce sufficient immune responses, including a potent cellular immune response to confer protection. In this study, we used Nanochelating Technology to develop novel nanoadjuvants to boost the potency of the alum-adjuvanted inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunized twice over 2 weeks with different doses of adjuvanted-vaccine formulations and immune responses were assessed. The analysis results of IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokines demonstrated the effectiveness of the nanoadjuvants produced by the Nanochelating Technology in shifting the alum-based vaccine toward a stronger Th1 pattern. In addition, these nanoadjuvants improved IL-2 cytokine response, which shows the efficacy of these novel formulations in inducing specific T lymphocyte proliferation. Using these nanoadjuvants increased IL-10 cytokine secretion that may be representative of a better immunoregulatory impact and may also potentially prevent immunopathology responses. Moreover, specific IgG titer analysis revealed the potency of these nanoadjuvants in improving humoral immune responses. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG response showed that the developed novel formulations induced strong IgG responses against this protein. This study shows that the nanostructures produced by the Advanced Nanochelating Technology have potent adjuvant effects on alum-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to not only compensate for alum weakness in inducing the cellular immune responses by smart regulation of the immune system but also significantly improve the humoral and cellular immune responses simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Karimi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Hassanzadeh
- Department of BCG Vaccine Production, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Akbar Khorasani
- Department of FMD Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Division, Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Nazaran
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
- Owner of Nanochelating Technology and Executive Manager and Chairman of Management Board of Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
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Hassanshahi F, Noroozi Karimabad M, Miranzadeh E, Hassanshahi G, Torabizadeh SA, Jebali A. The Serum Level of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 and the Expression of CXCR3 of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Brucellosis Patients. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:201. [PMID: 37140634 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brucella spp. can replicate in human endothelial cells, inducing an inflammatory response with increased expression of chemokines. Although Brucella infects humans, its ability to induce the production of chemokines by lung cells is unknown. Therefore, the current investigation was designed to examine the association between brucellosis and CXCL9, 10, and 11 chemokines. The patient group included 71 patients suffering from Brucella infection and the control group consisted of 50 healthy ranchers from the same geographical area. Serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were analyzed by ELISA. The fold changes of CXCR3 expression against β-actin were determined by real-time-PCR technique. Western blotting analysis was also applied for evaluating the expression of CXCR3 at protein level. The results of this study showed that the serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are significantly increased in acute brucellosis patients in comparison to control as indicated by ELISA test, mRNA levels of CXCR3 by Real-time PCR as well as protein levels of CXCR3 by Western blot analysis. According to findings, these chemokines have the potential to serve as markers for brucellosis patients. Taken together, cytokine/chemokine network was active in acute brucellosis patients, and it is suggested to evaluate other cytokines in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Hassanshahi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad university Shahr-E-Kord -Branch, Shahr-e-kord, Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Elahe Miranzadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad university Shahr-E-Kord -Branch, Shahr-e-kord, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Jebali
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Guo HH, Shen HR, Wang LL, Luo ZG, Zhang JL, Zhang HJ, Gao TL, Han YX, Jiang JD. Berberine is a potential alternative for metformin with good regulatory effect on lipids in treating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114754. [PMID: 37094549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) and berberine (BBR) share several therapeutic benefits in treating metabolic-related disorders. However, as the two agents have very different chemical structure and bioavailability in oral route, the goal of this study is to learn their characteristics in treating metabolic disorders. The therapeutic efficacy of BBR and MTF was systemically investigated in the high fat diet feeding hamsters and/or ApoE(-/-) mice; in parallel, gut microbiota related mechanisms were studied for both agents. We discovered that, although both two drugs had almost identical effects on reducing fatty liver, inflammation and atherosclerosis, BBR appeared to be superior over MTF in alleviating hyperlipidemia and obesity, but MTF was more effective than BBR for the control of blood glucose. Association analysis revealed that the modulation of intestinal microenvironment played a crucial role in the pharmacodynamics of both drugs, in which their respective superiority on the regulation of gut microbiota composition and intestinal bile acids might contribute to their own merits on lowering glucose or lipids. This study shows that BBR may be a good alternative for MTF in treating diabetic patients, especially for those complicated with dyslipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao-Ran Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tian-Le Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Lewis JE, Reginald McDaniel H, Woolger JM, Khan SA. The Characterization of the Th1/Th2 Ratio in Moderate-Severe Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Its Response to an Aloe Polymannose-Based Dietary Supplement. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1723-1737. [PMID: 38007658 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading killer of Americans, imparting a tremendous societal toll. Relationships between immune function and inflammation with cognition are well-established in AD, but the Th1/Th2 ratio of immune function is unknown. Describing the Th1/Th2 ratio and its relationship with cognition may shed light on the disease's clinical context. How the Th1/Th2 ratio responds to dietary supplementation is another unknown question in this population. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to: 1) characterize the Th1/Th2 ratio according to IL-2/IL-10, IFN-γ/IL-10, IL-2/IL-4, IFN-γ/IL-4, IL-2/TNF-α, and IFN-γ/TNF-α in subjects with moderate-to-severe AD and in comparison to healthy adults; 2) investigate the effect of an aloe polymannose multinutrient complex (APMC) dietary supplement on the Th1/Th2 ratios over 12 months; and 3) compare the changes in the Th1/Th2 ratios with the changes in cognition from baseline to 12 months. METHODS Subjects consumed 2.5 g of the APMC four times per day for 12 months, and they were assessed on cognition and cytokines at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS The Th1/Th2 ratios in AD patients were significantly higher than the healthy controls, and five of the six ratios decreased from baseline to 12 months follow-up (other than IL-2/TNF-α). Several significant relationships were noted between the changes in Th1/Th2 ratios with cognitive assessments. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an overall rebalancing of the Th1/Th2 ratio in response to APMC, these changes were related to improved cognition in subjects with moderate-to-severe AD, and the APMC supplement was safely tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Judi M Woolger
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sher Ali Khan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Zhu Y, Shi L, Zeng Y, Piao D, Xie Y, Du J, Gao M, Gao W, Tian J, Yue J, Li M, Guo X, Yao Y, Kang Y. Key immunity characteristics of diverse stages of brucellosis in rural population from Inner Mongolia, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:63. [PMID: 35659087 PMCID: PMC9167523 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis poses a serious threat to human and animal health, particularly in developing countries such as China. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is one of the most severely brucellosis-endemic provinces in China. Currently, the host immune responses functioning to control Brucella infection and development remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to further clarify the key immunity characteristics of diverse stages of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia.
Methods We collected a total of 733 blood samples from acute (n = 137), chronic (n = 316), inapparent (n = 35), recovery (n = 99), and healthy (n = 146) groups from the rural community of Inner Mongolia between 2014 and 2015. The proportions of CD4+, CD8+, Th1, Th2, and Th17 T cells in peripheral blood and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes were examined using flow cytometry analysis. The differences among the five groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis method, respectively.
Results Our results revealed that the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly different among the acute, chronic, recovery, and healthy control groups (P < 0.05), with lower proportions of CD4+ T cells and a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells in the acute, chronic, and recovery groups. The proportion of Th1 cells in the acute, chronic, and inapparent groups was higher than that in the healthy and recovery groups; however, there was no significant difference between patients and healthy individuals (P > 0.05). The proportion of Th2 lymphocytes was significantly higher in the acute and healthy groups than in the inapparent group (P < 0.05). The proportion of Th17 cells in the acute group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control, chronic, and inapparent groups (P < 0.05). Finally, the highest expression of TLR4 in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes was observed in the recovery group, and this was followed by the acute, chronic, healthy control, and inapparent groups. There was a significant difference between the recovery group and the other groups, except for the acute group (P < 0.05). Moreover, a correlation in TLR4 expression was observed in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes among the five groups (r > 0.5), except for the inapparent group between lymphocytes and granulocytes (r = 0.34). Conclusions Two key factors (CD8+ T cells and TLR4) in human immune profiles may closely correlate with the progression of brucellosis. The detailed function of TLR4 in the context of a greater number of cell types or tissues in human or animal brucellosis and in larger samples should be further explored in the future. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhang Zhu
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yige Zeng
- Department of Biological Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbo Xie
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Juan Du
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junli Tian
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun Yue
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoKui Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - YaoXia Kang
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China. .,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Kawasumi T, Takeno S, Ishino T, Ueda T, Hamamoto T, Takemoto K, Horibe Y, Takashi O. Co-Expression and Localization of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in Paranasal Ciliated Epithelium of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:313-322. [DOI: 10.1177/19458924211059639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) as a primary receptor for invasion. Cell entry by the virus requires the co-expression of these molecules in the host cells. Objective We investigated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression and localization in paranasal epithelium of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients (n = 38), non-ECRS (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 25). CRS inflammatory patterns are characterized by the type of cytokines; we investigated whether inflammatory endotypes are associated with cell-entry molecules, as this could be linked to susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The ACE2, TMPRSS2, and other inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. The localizations of ACE2- and TMPRSS2-positive cells were examined with immunofluorescent double-staining using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Results The non-ECRS patients showed significantly increased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expressions compared to the ECRS patients. The CRS patients’ ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA levels were positively correlated with IFN-γ ( r = 0.3227 and r = 0.3264, respectively) and TNF-α ( r = 0.4008, r = 0.3962, respectively). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were negatively correlated with tissue eosinophils ( r = −0.3308, r = −0.3112, respectively), but not with IL-13. ACE2 mRNA levels were positively correlated with TMPRSS2 ( r = 0.7478). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 immunoreactivities were localized mainly in the epithelial ciliated cells, as confirmed by co-staining with TMPRSS2 and acetylated α-tubulin, a cilia organelle marker. Using LSCM imaging, we observed higher expressions of these molecules in the non-ECRS patients versus the ECRS patients. Conclusion ECRS patients with type 2 inflammation showed decreased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions in their sinus mucosa. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 regulation seems to be positively related to IFN-γ and TNF-α production in CRS patients; ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were co-expressed in the ciliated epithelium of their paranasal mucosa, implicating the paranasal epithelium as a portal for initial infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kawasumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sachio Takeno
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishino
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ueda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kota Takemoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Horibe
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Oda Takashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Tang Y, Ma C, Sun H, Yang S, Yu F, Li X, Wang L. Serum Levels of Seven General Cytokines in Acute Brucellosis Before and After Treatment. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5501-5510. [PMID: 34955644 PMCID: PMC8694408 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s341331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis globally that poses a severe health threat. Despite the availability of antibiotic therapy for human brucellosis, its tendencies of chronicity and persistence may lead to severe debilitating and disabling conditions in patients. Comprehensive understanding of the immune response in brucellosis will be helpful in improving the treatment strategies. In this study, we measured serum levels of T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cytokines in patients with acute brucellosis before and after treatment. Patients and Methods Overall, 30 patients with acute brucellosis from the Beijing Di Tan Hospital and 26 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All the patients received a 6-week therapy regimen comprising ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and rifampicin. Serum samples were collected from patients with acute Brucella infection and healthy controls before and after treatment. Serum seven cytokine levels of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α), Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) were measured using cytometric bead array. Results In patients with acute infection, the IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels were significantly increased compared with those in healthy controls (P < 0.001). After treatment, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the TNF-α level significantly increased compared with the corresponding baseline levels and those in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were higher in patients after treatment than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). IL-2 and IL-6 levels exhibited a positive correlation with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level in acute brucellosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion Levels of most serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines were simultaneously increased in acute infection, followed by reduction in the corresponding cytokine levels and residual cytokine response during treatment. This residual immune response could represent a therapeutic opportunity that may improve the long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute brucellosis after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Tang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Ma
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengting Yu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghang Wang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Posttreatment Downregulation of Type III Interferons in Patients with Acute Brucellosis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8601614. [PMID: 34335092 PMCID: PMC8313358 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8601614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a limited number of clinical studies on interferon (IFN) levels in human brucellosis. The novel group of interferons, type III interferons, which consists of four IFN-λ (lambda) molecules called IFN-λ1 or interleukin-29 (IL-29), IFN-λ2 or IL-28A, IFN-λ3 or IL-28B, and IFN-λ4, is not fully known. This study is one of the first studies of IL-28A and IL-29 levels in brucellosis cases at the end of their treatment course. A total of 33 acute brucellosis patients were included in this study. We considered changes in the levels of IL-28A and IL-29 in cases with acute brucellosis before and after treatment with standard therapy that referred to the Ayatollah Rohani Hospital in Babol, northern Iran. Of 33 included patients, 22 (66.6%) were males, and 11 (33.4%) were females. The range of patients' age was 49.21 ± 17.70 years. Serum IL-29 and IL-28A (acute form: 56.4 ± 30.32 pg/mL and 48.73 ± 27.72 pg/mL, respectively, and posttreatment: 40.15 ± 20.30 pg/mL and 38.79 ± 22.66 pg/mL, respectively) levels were elevated significantly in acute brucellosis than after treatment (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that considering biomarker levels in brucellosis patients may indicate the chronicity of infection. In conclusion, we suggest that IL-29 and IL-28A levels may be valuable biomarkers for follow-up patients with brucellosis.
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Khatun MM, Islam MA, Baek BK. In Vitro and In Vivo IFN-γ and IL-10 Measurement in Experimental Brucella abortus Biotype 1 Infection in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:579-585. [PMID: 34077683 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to Brucella abortus mainly depends on antigen-specific T cell activation, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and Brucella-specific humoral response. Protective immune response against Brucella infection has not been performed in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. We measured bacterial kinetics in addition to in vivo and in vitro interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production against crude Brucella protein in the SD rats at different days of postinfection with B. abortus biotype 1 by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forty SD rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL sterile injectable pyrogen-free solution containing 1 × 1010 colony-forming units/mL of B. abortus biotype 1 obtained from cattle in Korea. Four rats were used as uninfected control. Serum IFN-γ level at 3 and 7 days postinfection were significantly higher (p > 0.001) compared with the IL-10 level. On the contrary, serum IL-10 levels were observed significantly higher at 21 and 28 days postinfection compared with the serum IFN-γ levels (p < 0.001). The production of IFN-γ by spleen cells was significantly higher at 7 and 14 days postinfection compared with IL-10 (p < 0.001). On the contrary, IL-10 productions were found to be significantly higher at 21, 28, 35, and 42 days postinfection compared with IFN-γ (p < 0.001). The presence of B. abortus in blood was marked till 5 weeks of infection, throughout the experiment in case of spleen, and no bacteria were isolated from the kidney and liver at 6 weeks postinfection. The in vivo and in vitro IFN-γ and IL-10 measurement in our study reported that B. abortus infection in rats primarily educe T helper (Th)1-dominant immune response in acute infection accompanied by Th2-dominant immune response in chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Minara Khatun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Byeong Kirl Baek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Hu X, Shang X, Wang L, Fan J, Wang Y, Lv J, Nazierhan S, Wang H, Wang J, Ma X. The role of CXCR3 and its ligands expression in Brucellar spondylitis. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:59. [PMID: 33208100 PMCID: PMC7672857 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Brucellar spondylitis (BS) is one of the most serious complications of brucellosis. CXCR3 is closely related to the severity of disease infection. This research aimed to study the degree of BS inflammatory damage through analyzing the expression levels of CXCR3 and its ligands (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in patients with BS. Methods A total of 29 BS patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Real-Time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of BS patients and healthy controls. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to show the pathological changes in BS lesion tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to show the protein expression levels of Brucella-Ab, IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in BS lesion tissues. At the same time, ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9 CXCL10 and autoantibodies against CXCR3 in patients with BS. Results In lesion tissue of BS patients, it showed necrosis of cartilage, acute or chronic inflammatory infiltration. Brucella-Ab protein was abundantly expressed in close lesion tissue. And the protein expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 were highly expressed in close lesion tissue and serum of BS patients. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 in PBMCs of BS patients were significantly higher than those in controls. Conclusion In our research, the expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands were significantly higher than those in controls. It suggested that high expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands indicated a serious inflammatory damage in patients with BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Shaxika Nazierhan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China. .,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.
| | - Xiumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China. .,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.
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