1
|
Ernault AC, Verkerk AO, Bayer JD, Aras K, Montañés-Agudo P, Mohan RA, Veldkamp M, Rivaud MR, de Winter R, Kawasaki M, van Amersfoorth SCM, Meulendijks ER, Driessen AHG, Efimov IR, de Groot JR, Coronel R. Secretome of atrial epicardial adipose tissue facilitates reentrant arrhythmias by myocardial remodeling. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:1461-1470. [PMID: 35568136 PMCID: PMC9558493 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) accumulation is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. The effect of EAT secretome (EATs) on cardiac electrophysiology remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the arrhythmogenicity of EATs and its underlying molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms. METHODS We collected atrial EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from 30 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and EAT from 3 donors without AF. The secretome was collected after a 24-hour incubation of the adipose tissue explants. We cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) with EATs, subcutaneous adipose tissue secretome (SATs), and cardiomyocytes conditioned medium (CCM) for 72 hours. We implemented the electrophysiological changes observed after EATs incubation into a model of human left atrium and tested arrhythmia inducibility. RESULTS Incubation of NRVMs with EATs decreased expression of the potassium channel subunit Kcnj2 by 26% and correspondingly reduced the inward rectifier K+ current IK1 by 35% compared to incubation with CCM, resulting in a depolarized resting membrane of cardiomyocytes. EATs decreased expression of connexin43 (29% mRNA, 46% protein) in comparison to CCM. Cells incubated with SATs showed no significant differences in Kcnj2 or Gja1 expression in comparison to CCM, and their resting potential was not depolarized. Cardiomyocytes incubated with EATs showed reduced conduction velocity and increased conduction heterogeneity compared to SATs and CCM. Computer modeling of human left atrium revealed that the electrophysiological changes induced by EATs promote sustained reentrant arrhythmias if EAT partially covers the myocardium. CONCLUSION EAT slows conduction, depolarizes the resting potential, alters electrical cell-cell coupling, and facilitates reentrant arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auriane C Ernault
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason D Bayer
- IHU-LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Bordeaux University Foundation, Pessac, France; Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, UMR5251, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kedar Aras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Pablo Montañés-Agudo
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajiv A Mohan
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Veldkamp
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde R Rivaud
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosan de Winter
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Makiri Kawasaki
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shirley C M van Amersfoorth
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva R Meulendijks
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H G Driessen
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Department of Clinical, Experimental Cardiology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang C, Wang R, Zong B, Wei P, Lu W, Han B, Xu Y. Subgroup Identification with Gene Expression Profiles of Adipose Tissue in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Int Heart J 2021; 62:1199-1206. [PMID: 34744146 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Among many diseases, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. With the aim of revealing the underlying genetic characteristics of the CAD subtypes, we recruited patients with CAD and categorized them into subgroups according to the transcriptome expression profiles of the adipose tissue.With the removal of the batch effect, consensus clustering was employed to determine the subgroup numbers. Subgroup-specific genes were determined to conduct analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed the subgroup-specific WGCNA modules. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted. Overrepresentation enrichment analysis (OEA) of subgroup-specific signatures was also conducted to reveal the significant gene module associated with the corresponding clinical characteristics.After the removal of the batch effect, 77 CAD objects were divided into three subgroups. It was observed that the patients in subgroup III tended to be fat. After analyzing the dominant pathways of each subgroup, we discovered that the protein digestion and absorption pathway was specifically upregulated in subgroup I, which might result from the lowest proportion of the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) sample. Moreover, subgroup II patients had genetic characteristics of high expression of complement and coagulation cascades and TNF signaling pathway. Furthermore, Th17 cell differentiation was significantly upregulated in subgroup III, indicating that Th17 cell differentiation is related to the clinical characteristics of body mass index (BMI).In conclusion, the genetic classification of CAD subjects indicated that subjects from different subgroups may exhibit specific gene expression patterns, suggesting that more personalized treatment should be applied to patients in each subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University; Xuzhou Central Hospital
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Bin Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University; Xuzhou Central Hospital
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University; Xuzhou Central Hospital
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University; Xuzhou Central Hospital
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University; Xuzhou Central Hospital
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karampetsou N, Tzani A, Doulamis IP, Bletsa E, Minia A, Pliaka V, Tsolakos N, Oikonomou E, Tousoulis D, Kontzoglou K, Alexopoulos LG, Perrea DN, Patapis P, Chloroyiannis IA. Epicardial adipocyte-derived TNF-α modulates local inflammation in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:87-93. [PMID: 34719373 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666211029110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) surrounds the epicardium and can mediate harmful effects related to coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE We explored the regional differences between adipose stores surrounding diseased and non-diseased segments of coronary arteries in patients with advanced CAD. METHODS We enrolled 32 patients with known CAD who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Inflammatory mediators were measured in EAT biopsies collected from a region of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with severe stenosis (diseased segment) and without stenosis (non-diseased segment). RESULTS Mean age was 64.3±11.1 years, and mean EAT thickness was 7.4±1.9 mm. Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent comorbidity (81% of the patients). Out of a total of 11 cytokines, resistin (p=0.039), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (p=0.020), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5) (p=0.021), and follistatin (p=0.038) were significantly increased in the diseased compared with the non-diseased EAT segments. Indexed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), defined as the diseased to non-diseased cytokine levels ratio, was significantly correlated with increased EAT thickness both in the whole cohort (p=0.043) and in a subpopulation of patients with dyslipidemia (p=0.009). Treatment with lipid-lowering agents significantly decreased indexed TNF-α levels (p=0.015). No significant alterations were observed in the circulating levels of these cytokines with respect to CAD-associated comorbidities. CONCLUSION Perivascular EAT is a source of cytokine secretion in distinct areas surrounding the coronary arteries in patients with advanced CAD. Adipocyte-derived TNF-α is a prominent mediator of local inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Karampetsou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Aspasia Tzani
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | | | | | | | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | | | - Despoina N Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Paulos Patapis
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miroshnikova VV, Polyakova EA, Pobozheva IA, Panteleeva AA, Razgildina ND, Kolodina DA, Belyaeva OD, Berkovich OA, Pchelina SN, Baranova EI. FABP4 and omentin-1 gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue from coronary artery disease patients. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200441. [PMID: 34609443 PMCID: PMC8485182 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Omentin-1 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) are adipose tissue adipokines linked to obesity-associated cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) omentin-1 and FABP4 gene expression in obese and non-obese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Omentin-1 and FABP4 mRNA levels in EAT and paired subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as well as adipokine serum concentrations were assessed in 77 individuals (61 with CAD; 16 without CAD (NCAD)). EAT FABP4 mRNA level was decreased in obese CAD patients when compared to obese NCAD individuals (p=0.001). SAT FABP4 mRNA level was decreased in CAD patients compared to NCAD individuals without respect to their obesity status (p=0.001). Omentin-1 mRNA level in EAT and SAT did not differ between the CAD and NCAD groups. These findings suggest that omentin-1 gene expression in adipose tissue is not changed during CAD; downregulated FABP4 gene expression in SAT is associated with CAD while EAT FABP4 gene expression is decreased only in obesity-related CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina V Miroshnikova
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Polyakova
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Pobozheva
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra A Panteleeva
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia D Razgildina
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Diana A Kolodina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga D Belyaeva
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Berkovich
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sofya N Pchelina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Elena I Baranova
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Q, Wang J, Miao Z, Zhang NR, Hennessy S, Small DS, Rader DJ. A Mendelian randomization study of the role of lipoprotein subfractions in coronary artery disease. eLife 2021; 10:e58361. [PMID: 33899735 PMCID: PMC8163505 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic data can offer important insights into the roles of lipoprotein subfractions and particle sizes in preventing coronary artery disease (CAD), as previous observational studies have often reported conflicting results. We used the LD score regression to estimate the genetic correlation of 77 subfraction traits with traditional lipid profile and identified 27 traits that may represent distinct genetic mechanisms. We then used Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effect of these traits on the risk of CAD. In univariable MR, the concentration and content of medium high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles showed a protective effect against CAD. The effect was not attenuated in multivariable analyses. Multivariable MR analyses also found that small HDL particles and smaller mean HDL particle diameter may have a protective effect. We identified four genetic markers for HDL particle size and CAD. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the role of HDL particle size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zhao
- Statistical Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Zhen Miao
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nancy R Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Sean Hennessy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Dylan S Small
- Department of Statistics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Expression of Genes Encoding Nuclear Factors PPARγ, LXRβ, and RORα in Epicardial and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:654-657. [PMID: 33788111 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factors PPARγ, RORα, and LXRβ are involved in transcriptional control of adipogenesis and implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. In adipose tissues, they regulate inflammation. This study focuses on expression of the PPARG, RORA, and LXRβ (NR1H2) genes in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissues in patients with coronary heart disease as well as with concomitant abdominal obesity. In patients with coronary heart disease and abdominal obesity, PPARG mRNA level in subcutaneous adipose tissue was reduced in comparison with control group. In patients with total coronary occlusions, LXRβ mRNA level in epicardial adipose tissue was reduced, and it positively correlated with plasma HDL cholesterol. Thus, in cases of concomitant abdominal obesity and chronic total coronary occlusions, coronary heart disease is characterized by down-regulated expression of the genes of various transcriptional adipogenesis-regulating factors in adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
7
|
Unraveling the Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Coronary Artery Disease: Partners in Crime? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228866. [PMID: 33238643 PMCID: PMC7700147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. The present systematic review aimed at compiling dysregulated proteins/genes from different studies to dissect the potential role of EAT in CAD pathophysiology. Exhaustive literature research was performed using the keywords "epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery disease", to highlight a group of proteins that were consistently regulated among all studies. Reactome, a pathway analysis database, was used to clarify the function of the selected proteins and their intertwined association. SignalP/SecretomeP was used to clarify the endocrine function of the selected proteins. Overall, 1886 proteins/genes were identified from 44 eligible studies. The proteins were separated according to the control used in each study (EAT non-CAD or subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) CAD) and by their regulation (up- or downregulated). Using a Venn diagram, we selected the proteins that were upregulated and downregulated (identified as 27 and 19, respectively) in EAT CAD for both comparisons. The analysis of these proteins revealed the main pathways altered in the EAT and how they could communicate with the heart, potentially contributing to CAD development. In summary, in this study, the identified dysregulated proteins highlight the importance of inflammatory processes to modulate the local environment and the progression of CAD, by cellular and metabolic adaptations of epicardial fat that facilitate the formation and progression of atherogenesis of coronaries.
Collapse
|