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Guo R, Huang K, Yu K, Li J, Huang J, Wang D, Li Y. Effects of Fat and Carnitine on the Expression of Carnitine Acetyltransferase and Enoyl-CoA Hydratase Short-Chain 1 in the Liver of Juvenile GIFT ( Oreochromis niloticus). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:480. [PMID: 38674414 PMCID: PMC11050330 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and Enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) are considered key enzymes that regulate the β-oxidation of fatty acids. However, very few studies have investigated their full length and expression in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), an important aquaculture species in China. Here, we cloned CAT and ECHS1 full-length cDNA via the rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and the expressions of CAT and ECHS1 in the liver of juvenile GIFT were detected in different fat and carnitine diets, as were the changes in the lipometabolic enzymes and serum biochemical indexes of juvenile GIFT in diets with different fat and carnitine levels. CAT cDNA possesses an open reading frame (ORF) of 2167 bp and encodes 461 amino acids, and the ECHS1 cDNA sequence is 1354 bp in full length, the ORF of which encodes a peptide of 391 amino acids. We found that juvenile GIFT had higher lipometabolic enzyme activity and lower blood CHOL, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C contents when the dietary fat level was 2% or 6% and when the carnitine level was 500 mg/kg. We also found that the expression of ECHS1 and CAT genes in the liver of juvenile GIFT can be promoted by a 500 mg/kg carnitine level and 6% fat level feeding. These results suggested that CAT and ECHS1 may participate in regulating lipid metabolism, and when 2% or 6% fat and 500 mg/kg carnitine are added to the feed, it is the most beneficial to the liver and lipid metabolism of juvenile GIFT. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for GIFT feeding and treating fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinghua Li
- Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710086, China;
| | - Jiao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuda Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.G.); (K.Y.); (J.H.); (D.W.); (Y.L.)
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Eide M, Goksøyr A, Yadetie F, Gilabert A, Bartosova Z, Frøysa HG, Fallahi S, Zhang X, Blaser N, Jonassen I, Bruheim P, Alendal G, Brun M, Porte C, Karlsen OA. Integrative omics-analysis of lipid metabolism regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a and b agonists in male Atlantic cod. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129089. [PMID: 37035678 PMCID: PMC10073473 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is essential in maintaining energy homeostasis in multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, NR1C) regulate the expression of many genes involved in these processes. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an important fish species in the North Atlantic ecosystem and in human nutrition, with a highly fatty liver. Here we study the involvement of Atlantic cod Ppar a and b subtypes in systemic regulation of lipid metabolism using two model agonists after in vivo exposure. WY-14,643, a specific PPARA ligand in mammals, activated cod Ppara1 and Ppara2 in vitro. In vivo, WY-14,643 caused a shift in lipid transport both at transcriptional and translational level in cod. However, WY-14,643 induced fewer genes in the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway compared to that observed in rodents. Although GW501516 serves as a specific PPARB/D ligand in mammals, this compound activated cod Ppara1 and Ppara2 as well as Pparb in vitro. In vivo, it further induced transcription of Ppar target genes and caused changes in lipid composition of liver and plasma. The integrative approach provide a foundation for understanding how Ppars are engaged in regulating lipid metabolism in Atlantic cod physiology. We have shown that WY-14,643 and GW501516 activate Atlantic cod Ppara and Pparb, affect genes in lipid metabolism pathways, and induce changes in the lipid composition in plasma and liver microsomal membranes. Particularly, the combined transcriptomic, proteomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that effects of WY-14,643 on lipid metabolism are similar to what is known in mammalian studies, suggesting conservation of Ppara functions in mediating lipid metabolic processes in fish. The alterations in the lipid profiles observed after Ppar agonist exposure suggest that other chemicals with similar Ppar receptor affinities may cause disturbances in the lipid regulation of fish. Model organism: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:389BE401-2718-4CF2-BBAE-2E13A97A5E7B. COL Identifier: 6K72F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Eide
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Anders Goksøyr,
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alejandra Gilabert
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Science, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard G. Frøysa
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
| | - Shirin Fallahi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nello Blaser
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guttorm Alendal
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Brun
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cinta Porte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Medicinal uses, pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and the molecular mechanisms of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) plant extracts: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Wu SJ, Li KJ, Tsai MH, Ng LT. Comparative effects of black pigmented and non-pigmented brown rice on hypolipidemic activity and their mechanisms of action in high fat diet-induced hamsters. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mitochondria-Mediated Cardiovascular Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105371. [PMID: 35628174 PMCID: PMC9140946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent cardiovascular trials of SGLT 2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors revealed that they could reduce adverse cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects that SGLT2 inhibitors have on the cardiovascular system is still unknown. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the mitochondria-mediated beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the cardiovascular system. The application of SGLT2 inhibitors ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, dynamics, bioenergetics, and ion homeostasis and reduces the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which results in cardioprotective effects. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on mitochondria and highlight the potential application of these medications to treat both T2DM and cardiovascular diseases.
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Che W, Zhao M, Li X, Li C, Cho WC, Yu S. Current insights in molecular characterization of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1002916. [PMID: 36523601 PMCID: PMC9744925 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continuously rising incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) around the world, which parallels the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases. NAFLD is a range of liver conditions that contains simple non-alcoholic fatty liver and advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In serious cases, NAFLD may develop into cirrhosis or even liver cancer. NAFLD has an intense relationship with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is known that gut microbiota, and functional molecules such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase JNK, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in progressing and treating NAFLD. Traditionally, the conventional and effective therapeutic strategy is lifestyle intervention. Nowadays, new medicines targeting specific molecules, such as farnesoid X receptor, PPARs, and GLP-1 receptor, have been discovered and shown beneficial effects on patients with NAFLD. In this article, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Che
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlong Li, ; William C. Cho, ; ; Shan Yu,
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlong Li, ; William C. Cho, ; ; Shan Yu,
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlong Li, ; William C. Cho, ; ; Shan Yu,
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The Glitazars Paradox: Cardiotoxicity of the Metabolically Beneficial Dual PPARα and PPARγ Activation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:514-526. [PMID: 33165133 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most common complications in patients with type-2 diabetes are hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia that can lead to cardiovascular disease. Alleviation of these complications constitutes the major therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARγ are used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, respectively. PPARs belong to the nuclear receptors superfamily and regulate fatty acid metabolism. PPARα ligands, such as fibrates, reduce circulating triglyceride levels, and PPARγ agonists, such as thiazolidinediones, improve insulin sensitivity. Dual-PPARα/γ agonists (glitazars) were developed to combine the beneficial effects of PPARα and PPARγ agonism. Although they improved metabolic parameters, they paradoxically aggravated congestive heart failure in patients with type-2 diabetes via mechanisms that remain elusive. Many of the glitazars, such as muraglitazar, tesaglitazar, and aleglitazar, were abandoned in phase-III clinical trials. The objective of this review article pertains to the understanding of how combined PPARα and PPARγ activation, which successfully targets the major complications of diabetes, causes cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, it aims to suggest interventions that will maintain the beneficial effects of dual PPARα/γ agonism and alleviate adverse cardiac outcomes in diabetes.
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9
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Yuan ZH, Liu T, Wang H, Xue LX, Wang JJ. Fatty Acids Metabolism: The Bridge Between Ferroptosis and Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675617. [PMID: 34249928 PMCID: PMC8264768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or anabolism, is essential for synthesizing biological membranes and delivering molecular signals to induce ferroptotic cell death. The current review focuses on the bistable regulation characteristics of FA metabolism and explains how FA catabolism and anabolism pathway crosstalk harmonize different ionizing radiation-regulated ferroptosis responses, resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. In summary, targeting key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may amplify the tumor response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-hui Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-xiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lawrence GD. Perspective: The Saturated Fat-Unsaturated Oil Dilemma: Relations of Dietary Fatty Acids and Serum Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:647-656. [PMID: 33693484 PMCID: PMC8166560 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PUFAs are known to regulate cholesterol synthesis and cellular uptake by multiple mechanisms that do not involve SFAs. Polymorphisms in any of the numerous proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis, as a result of genetic variation, could lead to higher or lower serum cholesterol. PUFAs are susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cancer, and disorders associated with inflammation, such as insulin resistance, arthritis, and numerous inflammatory syndromes. Eicosanoids from arachidonic acid are among the most powerful mediators that initiate an immune response, and a wide range of PUFA metabolites regulate numerous physiological processes. There is a misconception that dietary SFAs can cause inflammation, although endogenous palmitic acid is converted to ceramides and other cell constituents involved in an inflammatory response after it is initiated by lipid mediators derived from PUFAs. This article will discuss the many misconceptions regarding how dietary lipids regulate serum cholesterol, the fact that all-cause death rate is higher in humans with low compared with normal or moderately elevated serum total cholesterol, the numerous adverse effects of increasing dietary PUFAs or carbohydrate relative to SFAs, as well as metabolic conversion of PUFAs to SFAs and MUFAs as a protective mechanism. Consequently, dietary saturated fats seem to be less harmful than the proposed alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen D Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Wu L, Li J, Feng J, Ji J, Yu Q, Li Y, Zheng Y, Dai W, Wu J, Guo C. Crosstalk between PPARs and gut microbiota in NAFLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111255. [PMID: 33485064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder in both China and worldwide. It ranges from simple steatosis and progresses over time to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Furthermore, NAFLD and its complications impose a huge health burden to society. The microbiota is widely connected and plays an active role in human physiology and pathology, and it is a hidden 'organ' in determining the state of the host, in terms of homeostasis, or disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptorsuperfamily and can regulate multiple pathways involved in metabolism, and serve as effective targets forthe treatment of many types of metabolic syndromes, including NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to integrate related articles on gut microbiota, PPARs and NAFLD, and present a balanced overview on how the microbiota can possibly influence the development of NAFLD through PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Jamar G, Santamarina AB, Flygare AC, Gagliardi A, de Rosso VV, Dourado VZ, Pisani LP. Effects of the juçara fruit supplementation on metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108430. [PMID: 32615488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation has been proposed as a central mechanism connecting obesity with its metabolic and vascular complications due to the imbalance in the expression of several hormones and adipokines. Berries rich in polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids have been able to prevent both obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, improving metabolic functions in human subjects and animal models of obesity. Juçara has been considered a super fruit owing to its nutritional composition and relevant biological activities with an interesting response in animals. Thus, we aimed to verify the potential antiobesogenic effect of juçara supplementation in humans. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with 35 adults with obesity of both sexes. They were assessed for resting metabolic rate, anthropometry and body composition, blood pressure, metabolic parameters and adipokines. Subsequently, they were randomized into two groups to use or not (placebo) 5 g lyophilized juçara for 6 weeks. Supplementation with juçara was significantly effective in reducing body fat, increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and doubling serum adiponectin. Besides, juçara supplementation, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and neck circumference were predictors to explain the enhancement in adiponectin. Juçara supplementation was determinant to improve adiponectin levels, and it may be considered a novel strategy for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Jamar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Flygare
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Gagliardi
- Departamento de Medicina Cardiovascular, Angiocorpore Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vera de Rosso
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Zuniga Dourado
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Gutiérrez-Cuevas J, Sandoval-Rodríguez A, Monroy-Ramírez HC, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Santos-García A, Armendáriz-Borunda J. Prolonged-release pirfenidone prevents obesity-induced cardiac steatosis and fibrosis in a mouse NASH model. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:927-938. [PMID: 32621046 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is associated with systemic insulin resistance and cardiac hypertrophy with fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We previously demonstrated that prolonged-release pirfenidone (PR-PFD) is an agonistic ligand for Pparα with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, and might be a promising drug for cardiac diseases-treatment. Here, we investigated the effects of PR-PFD in ventricular tissue of mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity induced by high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet. METHODS Five male C57BL/6 J mice were fed with normal diet (ND) and ten with HFHC diet for 16 weeks; at 8 weeks of feeding, five mice with HFHC diet were administered PR-PFD (350 mg/kg/day) mixed with HFHC diet. RESULT Systemic insulin resistance, heart weight/body weight ratio, myocardial steatosis with inflammatory foci, hypertrophy, and fibrosis were prevented by PR-PFD. In addition, HFHC mice showed significantly increased desmin, Tgfβ1, Timp1, collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III), TNF-α, and Nrf2 mRNA levels, including α-SMA, NF-kB, Nrf2, troponin I, Acox1, Cpt1A, and Lxrα protein levels compared with the ND ventricular tissues. Mechanistically, HFHC mice with PR-PFD treatment significantly decreased these genes overexpressed by HFHC diet. Furthermore, PR-PFD overexpressed the Pgc1a mRNA levels and Pparα, Pparγ, Acox1, and Cpt1A protein levels. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PR-PFD could be a promising drug for the prevention and treatment of cardiac steatosis and fibrosis induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | | | - Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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14
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Lundåsen T, Pedrelli M, Bjørndal B, Rozell B, Kuiper RV, Burri L, Pavanello C, Turri M, Skorve J, Berge RK, Alexson SEH, Tillander V. The PPAR pan-agonist tetradecylthioacetic acid promotes redistribution of plasma cholesterol towards large HDL. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229322. [PMID: 32176696 PMCID: PMC7075573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) is a synthetic fatty acid with a sulfur substitution in the β-position. This modification renders TTA unable to undergo complete β-oxidation and increases its biological activity, including activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) with preference for PPARα. This study investigated the effects of TTA on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the intestine and liver of mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Mice receiving HFD supplemented with 0.75% (w/w) TTA had significantly lower body weights compared to mice fed the diet without TTA. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) was reduced 3-fold with TTA treatment, concurrent with increase in liver TAG. Total cholesterol was unchanged in plasma and liver. However, TTA promoted a shift in the plasma lipoprotein fractions with an increase in larger HDL particles. Histological analysis of the small intestine revealed a reduced size of lipid droplets in enterocytes of TTA treated mice, accompanied by increased mRNA expression of fatty acid transporter genes. Expression of the cholesterol efflux pump Abca1 was induced in the small intestine, but not in the liver. Scd1 displayed markedly increased mRNA and protein expression in the intestine of the TTA group. It is concluded that TTA treatment of HFD fed mice leads to increased expression of genes involved in uptake and transport of fatty acids and HDL cholesterol in the small intestine with concomitant changes in the plasma profile of smaller lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lundåsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Sports, Physical activity and Food, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (BB); (VT)
| | - Björn Rozell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Raoul V. Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lena Burri
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Turri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Veronika Tillander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail: (BB); (VT)
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15
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Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang W, Zheng X, Chen X. Decreased Insulin Resistance by Myo-Inositol Is Associated with Suppressed Interleukin 6/Phospho-STAT3 Signaling in a Rat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model. J Med Food 2020; 23:375-387. [PMID: 32045334 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol supplementation may reduce insulin resistance (IR) with few serious side effects in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To explore the mechanism of this action in an animal model, a PCOS-IR rat model was generated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess changes in ovulation function during treatment with a myo-inositol supplement, and Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the myo-inositol supplement decreased the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and significantly decreased the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and testosterone, while increasing the serum level of estradiol. Upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3), Mir-21, and Mir-155 and significant downregulation of PPAR-γ and GLUT4 were detected in the untreated PCOS-IR rat model. However, downregulation of IL-6, p-STAT3, miR-21, and miR-155 and significant upregulation of PPAR-γ and GLUT4 were detected with myo-inositol supplementation. Thus, myo-inositol supplementation may reduce Mir-21 and Mir-155 levels by downregulating IL-6 and p-STAT3 and, subsequently, reverse the expression of PPAR-γ and GLUT4, leading to a decreased HOMA-IR index. In conclusion, the identification of an IL-6/p-STAT3/Mir-155/Mir-21/PPAR-γ/GLUT4 system in the PCOS-IR rat model provides insight into the pathogenesis of PCOS and may indicate a possible therapeutic strategy. Amelioration of the basal serum glucose levels and of the HOMA/HOMA-IR index may be achieved by the reversal of the expression of PPAR-γ and GLUT4 through the downregulation of IL-6, p-STAT3, miR-21, and miR-155 with myo-inositol supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangqin Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Kluknavsky M, Balis P, Skratek M, Manka J, Bernatova I. (-)-Epicatechin Reduces the Blood Pressure of Young Borderline Hypertensive Rats During the Post-Treatment Period. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020096. [PMID: 31979210 PMCID: PMC7071046 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of (–)-epicatechin (Epi) in young male borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) during two weeks of treatment (Epi group, 100 mg/kg/day p.o.) and two weeks post treatment (PE group). Epi reduced blood pressure (BP), which persisted for two weeks post treatment. This was associated with delayed reduction of anxiety-like behaviour. Epi significantly increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in the aorta and left heart ventricle (LHV) vs. the age-matched controls without affecting the brainstem and frontal neocortex. Furthermore, Epi significantly reduced the superoxide production in the aorta and relative content of iron-containing compounds in blood. Two weeks post treatment, the NOS activities and superoxide productions in the heart and aorta did not differ from the age-matched controls. The gene expressions of the NOSs (nNOS, iNOS, eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) remained unaltered in the aorta and LHV of the Epi and PE groups. In conclusion, while Epi-induced a decrease of the rats’ BP persisted for two weeks post treatment, continuous Epi treatments seem to be necessary for maintaining elevated NO production as well as redox balance in the heart and aorta without changes in the NOSs, Nrf2, and PPAR-γ gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kluknavsky
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Balis
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Martin Skratek
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Manka
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Iveta Bernatova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Yuan J, Jiang Q, Song L, Liu Y, Li M, Lin Q, Li Y, Su K, Ma Z, Wang Y, Liu D, Dong J. L-Carnitine Is Involved in Hyperbaric Oxygen-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in High Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010176. [PMID: 31906305 PMCID: PMC6982999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysfunction and obesity are serious health issues to human beings. The current study investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) against high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid metabolism dysfunction and the roles of L-carnitine. C57/B6 mice were fed with HFD or normal chew diet, with or without HBO treatment. Histopathological methods were used to assess the adipose tissues, serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels were assessed with enzymatic methods, and the endogenous circulation and skeletal muscle L-carnitine levels were assessed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, western blotting was used to assess the expression levels of PPARα, CPT1b, pHSL/HSL, and UCP1. HFD treatment increased body/adipose tissue weight, serum FFA levels, circulation L-carnitines and decreased skeletal muscle L-carnitine levels, while HBO treatment alleviated such changes. Moreover, HFD treatment increased fatty acid deposition in adipose tissues and decreased the expression of HSL, while HBO treatment alleviated such changes. Additionally, HFD treatment decreased the expression levels of PPARα and increased those of CPT1b in skeletal muscle, while HBO treatment effectively reverted such changes as well. In brown adipose tissues, HFD increased the expression of UCP1 and the phosphorylation of HSL, which was abolished by HBO treatment as well. In summary, HBO treatment may alleviate HFD-induced fatty acid metabolism dysfunction in C57/B6 mice, which seems to be associated with circulation and skeletal muscle L-carnitine levels and PPARα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Yuan
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (J.Y.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (J.D.); Tel.: +86-18300267138 (Q.J.); +86-0532-83780035 (J.D.)
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (J.Y.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (J.Y.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Manwen Li
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (J.Y.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (J.Y.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yanrun Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Collage, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.L.); (K.S.); (Z.M.); (Y.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Kaizhen Su
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Collage, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.L.); (K.S.); (Z.M.); (Y.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhengye Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Collage, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.L.); (K.S.); (Z.M.); (Y.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Collage, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.L.); (K.S.); (Z.M.); (Y.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Defeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Collage, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.L.); (K.S.); (Z.M.); (Y.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (J.Y.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (J.D.); Tel.: +86-18300267138 (Q.J.); +86-0532-83780035 (J.D.)
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18
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Lysne V, Bjørndal B, Grinna ML, Midttun Ø, Ueland PM, Berge RK, Dierkes J, Nygård O, Strand E. Short-term treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist influences plasma one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin status in rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226069. [PMID: 31805132 PMCID: PMC6894826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of one-carbon metabolism. Previously we have reported effects on plasma concentrations of metabolites along these pathways as well as markers of B-vitamin status in rats following treatment with a pan-PPAR agonist. Here we aimed to investigate the effect on these metabolites after specific activation of the PPARα and PPARγ subtypes. METHODS For a period of 12 days, Male Wistar rats (n = 20) were randomly allocated to receive treatment with the PPARα agonist WY-14.643 (n = 6), the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (n = 6) or placebo (n = 8). The animals were sacrificed under fasting conditions, and plasma concentration of metabolites were determined. Group differences were assessed by one-way ANOVA, and planned comparisons were performed for both active treatment groups towards the control group. RESULTS Treatment with a PPARα agonist was associated with increased plasma concentrations of most biomarkers, with the most pronounced differences observed for betaine, dimethylglycine, glycine, nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, pyridoxal and methylmalonic acid. Lower levels were observed for flavin mononucleotide. Fewer associations were observed after treatment with a PPARγ agonist, and the most notable was increased plasma serine. CONCLUSION Treatment with a PPARα agonist influenced plasma concentration of one-carbon metabolites and markers of B-vitamin status. This confirms previous findings, suggesting specific involvement of PPARα in the regulation of these metabolic pathways as well as the status of closely related B-vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bevital A/S, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Strand
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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