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Padget RL, Zeitz MJ, Blair GA, Wu X, North MD, Tanenbaum MT, Stanley KE, Phillips CM, King DR, Lamouille S, Gourdie RG, Hoeker GS, Swanger SA, Poelzing S, Smyth JW. Acute Adenoviral Infection Elicits an Arrhythmogenic Substrate Prior to Myocarditis. Circ Res 2024; 134:892-912. [PMID: 38415360 PMCID: PMC11003857 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral cardiac infection represents a significant clinical challenge encompassing several etiological agents, disease stages, complex presentation, and a resulting lack of mechanistic understanding. Myocarditis is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults, where current knowledge in the field is dominated by later disease phases and pathological immune responses. However, little is known regarding how infection can acutely induce an arrhythmogenic substrate before significant immune responses. Adenovirus is a leading cause of myocarditis, but due to species specificity, models of infection are lacking, and it is not understood how adenoviral infection may underlie sudden cardiac arrest. Mouse adenovirus type-3 was previously reported as cardiotropic, yet it has not been utilized to understand the mechanisms of cardiac infection and pathology. METHODS We have developed mouse adenovirus type-3 infection as a model to investigate acute cardiac infection and molecular alterations to the infected heart before an appreciable immune response or gross cardiomyopathy. RESULTS Optical mapping of infected hearts exposes decreases in conduction velocity concomitant with increased Cx43Ser368 phosphorylation, a residue known to regulate gap junction function. Hearts from animals harboring a phospho-null mutation at Cx43Ser368 are protected against mouse adenovirus type-3-induced conduction velocity slowing. Additional to gap junction alterations, patch clamping of mouse adenovirus type-3-infected adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes reveals prolonged action potential duration as a result of decreased IK1 and IKs current density. Turning to human systems, we find human adenovirus type-5 increases phosphorylation of Cx43Ser368 and disrupts synchrony in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, indicating common mechanisms with our mouse whole heart and adult cardiomyocyte data. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that adenoviral infection creates an arrhythmogenic substrate through direct targeting of gap junction and ion channel function in the heart. Such alterations are known to precipitate arrhythmias and likely contribute to sudden cardiac death in acutely infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Padget
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Michael J. Zeitz
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Grace A. Blair
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Michael D. North
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | | | - Kari E. Stanley
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Chelsea M. Phillips
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - D. Ryan King
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Samy Lamouille
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Robert G. Gourdie
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Gregory S. Hoeker
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Sharon A. Swanger
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James W. Smyth
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, FBRI at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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He J, Wang C, Lin G, Xia X, Chen H, Feng Z, Huang Z, Pan X, Zhang X, Wu C, Huang Y. Guard against internal and external: An antibacterial, anti-inflammation and healing-promoting spray gel based on lyotropic liquid crystals for the treatment of diabetic wound. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123442. [PMID: 37774758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The diabetic wound is a prevalent and serious complication of diabetes, which easily deteriorates due to susceptibility to infection and difficulty in healing, causing a high risk of amputation and economic burden to patients. Bacterial infection, persistent excessive inflammation, and cellular and angiogenesis disorders are the main reasons for the difficulty of diabetic wound healing. In this study, glycerol monooleate (GMO) was used to prepare lyotropic liquid crystal hydrogel (LLC) containing the natural antimicrobial peptide LL37 and carbenoxolone (CBX) to achieve antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and healing promotion for the treatment of diabetic wounds. The shear-thinning properties of the LLC precursor solution allowed it to be administered in the form of a spray, which perfectly fitted the shape of the wound and transformed into a gel after absorbing wound exudate to act as a wound protective barrier. The faster release of LL37 realized rapid sterilization of wounds, controlled the source of inflammation, and accelerated wound healing. The inflammatory signaling pathway was blocked by the subsequently released CBX, and the spread of the inflammatory response was inhibited and then further weakened. In addition, CBX down-regulated connexin (Cx43) to assist LL37 to promote cell migration and proliferation better. Combined with the pro-angiogenic effect of LL37, the healing of diabetic wounds was significantly accelerated. All these advantages made LL37-CBX-LLC a promising approach for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Gan Lin
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hangping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, PR China.
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3
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Chin JS, Milbreta U, Becker DL, Chew SY. Targeting connexin 43 expression via scaffold mediated delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide preserves neurons, enhances axonal extension, reduces astrocyte and microglial activation after spinal cord injury. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314221145789. [PMID: 36798907 PMCID: PMC9926388 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221145789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) provokes an inflammatory reaction and secondary damage that result in further tissue damage and destruction of neurons away from the injury site. Upon injury, expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, upregulates and is responsible for the spread and amplification of cell death signals through these gap junctions. In this study, we hypothesise that the downregulation of Cx43 by scaffold-mediated controlled delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asODN), would minimise secondary injuries and cell death, and thereby support tissue regeneration after nerve injuries. Specifically, using spinal cord injury (SCI) as a proof-of-principle, we utilised a fibre-hydrogel scaffold for sustained delivery of Cx43asODN, while providing synergistic topographical cues to guide axonal ingrowth. Correspondingly, scaffolds loaded with Cx43asODN, in the presence of NT-3, suppressed Cx43 up-regulation after complete transection SCI in rats. These scaffolds facilitated the sustained release of Cx43asODN for up to 25 days. Importantly, asODN treatment preserved neurons around the injury site, promoted axonal extension, decreased glial scarring, and reduced microglial activation after SCI. Our results suggest that implantation of such scaffold-mediated asODN delivery platform could serve as an effective alternative SCI therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiah Shin Chin
- Nanyang Institute of Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ulla Milbreta
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - David L Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Skin Research Institute Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Sing Yian Chew, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 639798, Singapore.
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4
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Quan M, Lv H, Liu Z, Li K, Zhang C, Shi L, Yang X, Lei P, Zhu Y, Ai D. MST1 Suppresses Disturbed Flow Induced Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2022; 131:748-764. [PMID: 36164986 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis occurs mainly at arterial branching points exposed to disturbed blood flow. How MST1 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1), the primary kinase in the mechanosensitive Hippo pathway modulates disturbed flow induced endothelial cells (ECs) activation and atherosclerosis remains unclear. METHODS To assess the role of MST1 in vivo, mice with EC-specific Mst1 deficiency on ApoE-/- background (Mst1iECKOApoE-/-) were used in an atherosclerosis model generated by carotid artery ligation. Mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, and dye uptake assay were used to identify the functional substrate of MST1. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human aortic endothelial cells were subjected to oscillatory shear stress that mimic disturbed flow in experiments conducted in vitro. RESULTS We found that the phosphorylation of endothelial MST1 was significantly inhibited in oscillatory shear stress-exposed regions of human and mouse arteries and ECs. Ectopic lenti-mediated overexpression of wild-type MST1, but not a kinase-deficient mutant of MST1, reversed disturbed flow-caused EC activation and atherosclerosis in EC-specific Mst1 deficiency on ApoE-/- background (Mst1iECKOApoE-/-). Inhibition of MST1 by oscillatory shear stress led to reduced phosphorylation of Cx43 (connexin 43) at Ser255, the Cx43 hemichannel open, EC activation, and atherosclerosis, which were blocked by TAT-GAP19, a Cx43 hemichannel inhibitory peptide. Mass spectrometry studies identified that Filamin B fueled the translocation of Cx43 to lipid rafts for further hemichannel open. Finally, lenti-mediated overexpression of the Cx43S255 mutant into glutamate to mimic phosphorylation blunted disturbed flow-induced EC activation, thereby inhibiting the atherogenesis in both ApoE-/- and Mst1 iECKOApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that inhibition of the MST1-Cx43 axis is an essential driver of oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Quan
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (M.Q., H.L., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (M.Q., H.L., Z.L., K.L., C.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Huizhen Lv
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (M.Q., H.L., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (M.Q., H.L., Z.L., K.L., C.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zening Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (M.Q., H.L., Z.L., K.L., C.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (M.Q., H.L., Z.L., K.L., C.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Chenghu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (M.Q., H.L., Z.L., K.L., C.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.S.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - XinYu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery (X.Y.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics (P.L.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (M.Q., H.L., Z.L., K.L., C.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (M.Q., H.L., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (M.Q., H.L., Z.L., K.L., C.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
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5
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Takemoto JY, Altenberg GA, Poudyal N, Subedi YP, Chang CWT. Amphiphilic aminoglycosides: Modifications that revive old natural product antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1000199. [PMID: 36212866 PMCID: PMC9537547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely-used Streptomyces-derived antibacterial aminoglycosides have encountered challenges because of antibiotic resistance and toxicity. Today, they are largely relegated to medicinal topical applications. However, chemical modification to amphiphilic aminoglycosides can revive their efficacy against bacterial pathogens and expand their targets to other pathogenic microbes and disorders associated with hyperactive connexin hemichannels. For example, amphiphilic versions of neomycin and neamine are not subject to resistance and have expanded antibacterial spectra, and amphiphilic kanamycins are effective antifungals and have promising therapeutic uses as connexin hemichannel inhibitors. With further research and discoveries aimed at improved formulations and delivery, amphiphilic aminoglycosides may achieve new horizons in pharmacopeia and agriculture for Streptomyces aminoglycosides beyond just serving as topical antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Y. Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Guillermo A. Altenberg
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naveena Poudyal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Yagya P. Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei T. Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Wei T. Chang,
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Meng JH, Chen CX, Ahmadian MR, Zan H, Luo KJ, Jiang JX. Cross-Activation of Hemichannels/Gap Junctions and Immunoglobulin-Like Domains in Innate–Adaptive Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882706. [PMID: 35911693 PMCID: PMC9334851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemichannels (HCs)/gap junctions (GJs) and immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain-containing proteins (IGLDCPs) are involved in the innate–adaptive immune response independently. Despite of available evidence demonstrating the importance of HCs/GJs and IGLDCPs in initiating, implementing, and terminating the entire immune response, our understanding of their mutual interactions in immunological function remains rudimentary. IGLDCPs include immune checkpoint molecules of the immunoglobulin family expressed in T and B lymphocytes, most of which are cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. They also constitute the principal components of the immunological synapse (IS), which is formed on the cell surface, including the phagocytic synapse, T cell synapse, B cell synapse, and astrocytes–neuronal synapse. During the three stages of the immune response, namely innate immunity, innate–adaptive immunity, and adaptive immunity, HCs/GJs and IGLDCPs are cross-activated during the entire process. The present review summarizes the current understanding of HC-released immune signaling factors that influence IGLDCPs in regulating innate–adaptive immunity. ATP-induced “eat me” signals released by HCs, as well as CD31, CD47, and CD46 “don’t eat me” signaling molecules, trigger initiation of innate immunity, which serves to regulate phagocytosis. Additionally, HC-mediated trogocytosis promotes antigen presentation and amplification. Importantly, HC-mediated CD4+ T lymphocyte activation is critical in the transition of the innate immune response to adaptive immunity. HCs also mediate non-specific transcytosis of antibodies produced by mature B lymphocytes, for instance, IgA transcytosis in ovarian cancer cells, which triggers innate immunity. Further understanding of the interplay between HCs/GJs and IGLDCPs would aid in identifying therapeutic targets that regulate the HC–Ig-like domain immune response, thereby providing a viable treatment strategy for immunological diseases. The present review delineates the clinical immunology-related applications of HC–Ig-like domain cross-activation, which would greatly benefit medical professionals and immunological researchers alike. HCs/GJs and IGLDCPs mediate phagocytosis via ATP; “eat me and don’t eat me” signals trigger innate immunity; HC-mediated trogocytosis promotes antigen presentation and amplification in innate–adaptive immunity; HCs also mediate non-specific transcytosis of antibodies produced by mature B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-Xu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Kai-Jun Luo, ; Jean X. Jiang,
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Kai-Jun Luo, ; Jean X. Jiang,
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Miri ST, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Amiri MM, Pourshafie MR, Rohani M. The impact of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic cocktail on modulation of gene expression of gap junctions dysregulated by intestinal pathogens. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:417. [PMID: 35737111 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are special bacterial strains with strain specific impacts. They can affect health condition in intestine by producing organic acid, competing with pathogens and maintaining cells homeostasis. Regarding to importance of cell junctions in cells transportation and the influence of pathogens in their functions which lead to inflammation, the impact of probiotic strains comprised of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains on two important members of gap junctions (Cx26 and Cx43) were assayed. The expressions of cell junction genes in contact with probiotic cocktail along with pathogenic components of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium on HT-29 cell line in different treatment orders were evaluated. Results analysis demonstrated downregulation of cx26 and cx43 along with pathogenic components while, probiotic cocktail could modulate their expression by upregulation. We concluded that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains were efficient probiotics, when they were used as one cocktail, impacted grater amount on the expression of cell junctions and this might lead to modulate homeostasis and reveal inflammation symptoms in intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Tina Miri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourshafie
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farvardin Ave, Jomhhoori St, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farvardin Ave, Jomhhoori St, Tehran, Iran.
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Cooreman A, Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Van Campenhout R, Leroy K, Kadam P, Sanz Serrano J, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Annaert P, Vinken M. Effects of Drugs Formerly Proposed for COVID-19 Treatment on Connexin43 Hemichannels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095018. [PMID: 35563409 PMCID: PMC9103705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels form a pathway for cellular communication between the cell and its extracellular environment. Under pathological conditions, Cx43 hemichannels release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which triggers inflammation. Over the past two years, azithromycin, chloroquine, dexamethasone, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, remdesivir, ribavirin, and ritonavir have been proposed as drugs for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with prominent systemic inflammation. The current study aimed to investigate if Cx43 hemichannels, being key players in inflammation, could be affected by these drugs which were formerly designated as COVID-19 drugs. For this purpose, Cx43-transduced cells were exposed to these drugs. The effects on Cx43 hemichannel activity were assessed by measuring extracellular ATP release, while the effects at the transcriptional and translational levels were monitored by means of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Exposure to lopinavir and ritonavir combined (4:1 ratio), as well as to remdesivir, reduced Cx43 mRNA levels. None of the tested drugs affected Cx43 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Cooreman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Anne Caufriez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Julen Sanz Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2477-4587
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9
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Mugisho OO, Green CR. The NLRP3 inflammasome in age-related eye disease: Evidence-based connexin hemichannel therapeutics. Exp Eye Res 2021; 215:108911. [PMID: 34958779 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome pathway is a fundamental component of the innate immune system, playing a key role especially in chronic age-related eye diseases (AREDs). The inflammasome is of particular interest because it is a common disease pathway that once instigated, can amplify and perpetuate itself leading to chronic inflammation. With aging, it becomes more difficult to shut down inflammation after an insult but the common pathway means that a shared solution may be feasible that could be effective across multiple disease indications. This review focusses on the NLRP3 inflammasome, the most studied and characterized inflammasome in the eye. It describes the two-step signalling required for NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation, and provides evidence for its role in AREDs. In the final section, the article gives an overview of potential NLRP3 inflammasome targeting therapies, before presenting evidence for connexin hemichannel regulators as upstream blockers of inflammasome activation. These have shown therapeutic efficacy in multiple ocular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Colin R Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Li S, Xie F, Shi K, Wang J, Cao Y, Li Y. Gossypol ameliorates the IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation in chondrocytes by suppressing the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway via downregulating CX43. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101621. [PMID: 34534743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of anti-inflammatory drug gossypol on osteoarthritis (OA) treatment were discussed in this paper. After identified using toluidine blue and immunofluorescence staining of type II collagen, chondrocytes from OA patients were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), gossypol, and overexpressed connexin43 (CX43). In treated chondrocytes, according to MTT assay and flow cytometry, gossypol increased viability and reduced apoptosis of IL-1β induced chondrocytes. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested that gossypol downregulated inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot confirmed that gossypol downregulated CX43, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, TNF-α, toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions. Besides, overexpressed CX43 reversed the effects of gossypol on viability, apoptosis, and expressions of factors related to TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In conclusion, gossypol ameliorates IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation in chondrocytes by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway via downregulating CX43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jianye District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China
| | - Faqing Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jianye District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China
| | - Kaiwen Shi
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jianye District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jianye District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jianye District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jianye District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210017, China.
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11
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Zheng XS, Zheng H, Xu D, Liu PP, Li B, Cao ZM, Liu Y, Liu Y. Effect of zymosan on the expression and function of the gap-junction protein connexin 43 in human corneal fibroblasts. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:341-348. [PMID: 33747807 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of zymosan, a ligand found on the surface of fungi, on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cultured human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). METHODS Zymosan was added to the medium of cultured HCFs with or without the administration of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors or the inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2) inhibitor IV. The protein and mRNA levels of connexin 43 (Cx43) in HCFs were measured by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. The GJIC activity was tested using a dye-coupling assay. RESULTS The reduction of Cx43 protein and mRNA levels as well as a significant decrease in GJIC activity were observed in cultured HCFs when zymosan was added into the culture medium. Compared with controls (no zymosan), the protein level of Cx43 was reduced by 45% and 54% in the presence of zymosan at 200 and 600 µg/mL, respectively (P<0.05); and it was reduced by 45%, 48%, and 75% in the presence of zymosan (600 µg/mL) for 24, 36, and 48h, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Cx43 was reduced by 98% in the presence of zymosan (P<0.05). The effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity were attenuated by the administration of PD98059 [an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling inhibitor] (P<0.05), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor II (P<0.05), and IKK2 inhibitor IV (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Zymosan inhibits the activity of GJIC in cultured HCFs. This effect is likely regulated via the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), MAPK/ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. The inhibitory effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity in HCFs may induce damage of corneal stroma during corneal fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuo Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Zi-Mu Cao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
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12
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Indari O, Chandramohanadas R, Jha HC. Epstein-Barr virus infection modulates blood-brain barrier cells and its co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum induces RBC adhesion. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:ftaa080. [PMID: 33355336 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection-mediated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is well established in malaria-endemic countries. We hypothesize that, during malaria onset, the reactivated EBV can infect human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBECs). This may cause severe cerebral manifestations. We infected HBECs with EBV in vitro. The subsequent gene expression pattern of EBV, inflammatory and endothelial markers was analysed using qRT-PCR. Further, a wound-healing assay for cells maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was performed to investigate the effect of EBV-infected HBECs secretions. The RBC adhesion assay was conducted to assess RBC attachment onto HBECs during EBV and P. falciparum mono- and co-infection. Our experiments revealed that EBV infection of HBECs significantly elevated several inflammatory (TNFα, CCL2) and endothelial (integrin β3, PECAM, VEGFA, VWF, claudin-5, cx37) markers. The EBV-infected HBECs secretion significantly reduced migration of HBECs, glial and neuronal cells. Additionally, EBV-P. falciparum co-infection significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced RBC adhesion to HBECs compared to mono-infection scenarios. Conclusively, the EBV infection of HBECs led to endothelial activation and modulated the BBB microenvironment. The EBV-P. falciparum co-infection scenario increased RBC adhesion on ECs which is a hallmark of cerebral malaria. Together with malaria, EBV infection can aid in exacerbation of cerebral malaria pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Indari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rajesh Chandramohanadas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
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13
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Advances in the development of connexin hemichannel inhibitors selective toward Cx43. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:379-392. [PMID: 33399487 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap-junction channels formed by two connexin hemichannels play diverse and pivotal roles in intercellular communication and regulation. Normally hemichannels at the plasma membrane participate in autocrine and paracrine signaling, but abnormal increase in their activity can lead or contribute to various diseases. Selective inhibitors toward connexin hemichannels are of great interest. Among more than 20 identified isoforms of connexins, connexin 43 (Cx43) attracts the most interest due to its prevalence and link to cell damage in many disorders or diseases. Traditional antibacterial kanamycin decorated with hydrophobic groups yields amphiphilic kanamycins that show low cytotoxicity and prominent inhibitory effect against Cx43. This review focuses on the development of amphiphilic kanamycins as connexin hemichannel inhibitors and their future perspective.
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14
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Angeli S, Kousiappa I, Stavrou M, Sargiannidou I, Georgiou E, Papacostas SS, Kleopa KA. Altered Expression of Glial Gap Junction Proteins Cx43, Cx30, and Cx47 in the 5XFAD Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:582934. [PMID: 33117125 PMCID: PMC7575794 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.582934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial gap junction proteins, called connexins (Cxs), form gap junctions in the central nervous system (CNS) to allow the bidirectional cytosolic exchange of molecules between adjacent cells. Their involvement in inheritable diseases and the use of experimental animal models that closely mimic such diseases revealed the critical role of glial GJs in myelination and homeostasis. Cxs are also implicated in acquired demyelinating disorders, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Animal and human studies have revealed a role of the astrocytic Cx43 in the progression of AD but the role of Cx47, which is the main partner of Cx43 in the astrocyte-oligodendrocyte GJs is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the astrocytic connexins, Cx43 and Cx30 in relation to oligodendrocytic Cx47 in the cortex and thalamus of the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. The model was characterized by increased Aβ deposition, gliosis, neuronal loss, and memory impairment. Compared to wild-type mice, Cx43 and Cx30 showed increased immunoreactivity in older 5XFAD mice, reflecting astrogliosis, while Cx47 immunoreactivity was reduced. Moreover, Cx47 GJ plaques showed reduced colocalization with Cx43 plaques. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocyte populations were also depleted, and myelin deficits were observed. Our findings indicate reduced astrocyte-oligodendrocyte gap junction connectivity and possibly a shift in Cx43 expression toward astrocyte-astrocyte gap junctions and/or hemichannels, that could impair oligodendrocyte homeostasis and myelination. However, other factors, such as Aβ toxicity, could directly affect oligodendrocyte survival in AD. Our study provides evidence that Cxs might have implications in the progression of AD, although the role of oligodendrocyte Cxs in AD requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Angeli
- Neurobiology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Kousiappa
- Neurobiology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elena Georgiou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Savvas S. Papacostas
- Neurobiology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Dementia and Cognitive Disorders Center, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleopas A. Kleopa
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Neuromuscular disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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15
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Kobayashi H, Shiohama T, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Suga Y, Ebata R, Shimojo N. Fulminant myocarditis following recurrent generalized erythrokeratoderma in a child with a heterozygous GJA1 variant. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1933-1938. [PMID: 32449269 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in the gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1) gene have been identified in several congenital disorders affecting cutaneous, skeletal, and cardiac tissues. Here, we describe a 12-year-old patient with a GJA1 c.113G>A, p.(Gly38Glu) variant, who presented with fulminant myocarditis following recurrent generalized erythrokeratoderma. His mother and younger sister had the same clinical manifestations with the same GJA1 variant, but did not have cardiac dysfunction. GJA1 variants have been reported in patients with congenital cardiac malformations, while acute myocarditis in GJA1-related disorders has not been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Ryota Ebata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Pranata R, Vania A. Intravitreal conbercept improves outcome in patients undergoing vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2020; 13:116-124. [PMID: 32167242 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the latest evidence concerning the efficacy of conbercept on vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and its efficacy compared to control and other antivascular endothelial growth factor. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search on topics that assess the role of conbercept in patients undergoing vitrectomy for PDR from inception to November 2019, using PubMed, EuropePMC, Cochrane Central Database, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Two researchers independently searched literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 and StataMP 16 software were used to perform data analysis. RESULTS There were 699 cases (eyes) from eight studies. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was better in the control group compared to conbercept group (mean difference [MD] = 0.13, I2 = 0%). A greater BCVA improvement was observed in the conbercept group after 1-month (MD = -0.27, I2 = 1%), 3-month (MD = -0.28, I2 = 0%), and 6-month (MD = -0.20, I2 = 78%) follow-up. The need for endodiathermy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.20, I2 = 0%) and silicone oil tamponade use (OR = 0.59, I2 = 72%) and intraoperative bleeding (OR = 0.11, I2 = 33%) was lower in conbercept group. Postoperative early (OR = 0.22, I2 = 0%) and late (OR = 0.47, I2 = 0%) vitreous hemorrhage was lower in conbercept group. There was no significant difference in BCVA improvement and intraoperative outcome between conbercept and ranibizumab. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal conbercept was associated with a more significant BCVA improvement, better intraoperative outcome, and less postoperative vitreous hemorrhage compared to no conbercept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Pranata
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Amelinda Vania
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, West Jakarta, Indonesia
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Cocozzelli AG, White TW. Connexin 43 Mutations Lead to Increased Hemichannel Functionality in Skin Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246186. [PMID: 31817921 PMCID: PMC6940829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctional channels are specialized components of the cellular membrane that allow the intercellular passage of small metabolites, ions, and second messengers to maintain homeostasis. They are comprised of members of the connexin gene family that encode a wide array of proteins that are expressed in nearly every tissue type. Cx43 is perceived to be the most broadly expressed connexin in humans, with several genetic skin diseases being linked to Cx43 mutations specifically. These mutations, in large, produce a gain of functional hemichannels that contribute to the phenotypes of Erythrokeratoderma Variabilis et Progressiva (EKVP), Palmoplantar Keratodemra Congenital Alopecia-1 (PPKCA1), and others that produce large conductance and increased permselectivity in otherwise quiescent structures. Gaining functional hemichannels can have adverse effects in the skin, inducing apoptosis via Ca2+ overload or increased ATP permeability. Here, we review the link between Cx43 and skin disease. We aim to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating the normal and pathophysiological gating of these essential proteins, as well as address current therapeutic strategies. We also demonstrate that transient transfection of neuro-2a (N2a) cells with mutant Cx43 cDNA resulted in increased hemichannel activity compared to wild-type Cx43 and untransfected cells, which is consistent with other studies in the current literature.
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