1
|
Tietel Z, Melamed S, Galilov I, Ben-Gal A, Dag A, Yermiyahu U. Elevated nitrogen fertilization differentially affects jojoba wax phytochemicals, fatty acids and fatty alcohols. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1425733. [PMID: 39129760 PMCID: PMC11310937 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1425733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Jojoba wax is gaining popularity among cosmetics consumers for its skin wound healing and rejuvenation bioactivities, attributed to collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis. However, information regarding wax phytochemical composition and quality parameters, as well as effect of cultivation practices, and fertilization in particular, on wax quality is limited. The aim of the current work was to study the effect of nitrogen (N) availability to jojoba plants on wax phytochemical composition and beneficial skin-related contents. For this, wax quality from a six-year fertilization experiment with five N application levels was evaluated. The chemical parameters included antioxidant activity, free fatty acid, total tocopherol, total phytosterol and oxidative stability, as well as fatty acid and fatty alcohol profile. Our results reveal that the majority of wax quality traits were affected by N fertilization level, either positively or negatively. Interestingly, while fatty acids were unaffected, fatty alcohol composition was significantly altered by N level. Additionally, fruit load also largely affected wax quality, and, due to jojoba's biennial alternate bearing cycles, harvest year significantly affected all measured parameters. Results shed light on the effects of N application on various biochemical constituents of jojoba wax, and imply that N availability should be considered part of the entire agricultural management plan to enhance wax quality. Some traits are also suggested as possible chemical quality parameters for jojoba wax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Gilat, Israel
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Gilat, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Izabella Galilov
- Department of Food Science, Gilat research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Gilat, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Arnon Dag
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Xia Q, Cai J, Wang Z, Yang K, Chen D, Wei J, Chen C, Liu C, Chang W, Li Z, Li X, Yang Y, Yang L, Tan X. Nitrogen Fertilizers Affect Microbial Hitchhiking to the Plant Roots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4639-4648. [PMID: 38377485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of microbial hitchhiking, where nonmotile microbes utilize transspecies motility to navigate within their environment, has been observed. However, the underlying factors driving microbial hitchhiking remain unclear. Our study explored how nitrogen fertilizers affect microbial hitchhiking in soil through an in situ planting experiment. We established twelve treatments encompassing the presence and absence of plants, the presence and absence of a filter membrane that is used to prevent hitchhiking, and three nitrogen levels. Results showed that nitrogen influenced bacterial diversity in all soils, an effect thwarted by filter membranes. In the presence of plants, nitrogen significantly affected the bacterial mobility, Bacillus abundance, and plant biomass, but these effects vanished when filters were used. The correlation between motile Bacillus and rhizosphere bacteria was strong without filters at the proper nitrogen levels but weakened with membrane treatments. Thus, plants and nitrogen together, not nitrogen alone, alter the soil microbiome via hitchhiking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qini Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Cai
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Dixu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jiahong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Cun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
da Silva Ribeiro JE, dos Santos Coêlho E, de Oliveira AKS, Correia da Silva AG, de Araújo Rangel Lopes W, de Almeida Oliveira PH, Freire da Silva E, Barros Júnior AP, Maria da Silveira L. Artificial neural network approach for predicting the sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) leaf area: A non-destructive and accurate method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17834. [PMID: 37501953 PMCID: PMC10368775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The estimative of the leaf area using a nondestructive method is paramount for successive evaluations in the same plant with precision and speed, not requiring high-cost equipment. Thus, the objective of this work was to construct models to estimate leaf area using artificial neural network models (ANN) and regression and to compare which model is the most effective model for predicting leaf area in sesame culture. A total of 11,000 leaves of four sesame cultivars were collected. Then, the length (L) and leaf width (W), and the actual leaf area (LA) were quantified. For the ANN model, the parameters of the length and width of the leaf were used as input variables of the network, with hidden layers and leaf area as the desired output parameter. For the linear regression models, leaf dimensions were considered independent variables, and the actual leaf area was the dependent variable. The criteria for choosing the best models were: the lowest root of the mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and absolute mean percentage error (MAPE), and higher coefficients of determination (R2). Among the linear regression models, the equation yˆ=0.515+0.584*LW was considered the most indicated to estimate the leaf area of the sesame. In modeling with ANNs, the best results were found for model 2-3-1, with two input variables (L and W), three hidden variables, and an output variable (LA). The ANN model was more accurate than the regression models, recording the lowest errors and higher R2 in the training phase (RMSE: 0.0040; MAE: 0.0027; MAPE: 0.0587; and R2: 0.9834) and in the test phase (RMSE: 0.0106; MAE: 0.0029; MAPE: 0.0611; and R2: 0.9828). Thus, the ANN method is the most indicated and accurate for predicting the leaf area of the sesame.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Liu K, Wen Y, Huang Y, Zheng C. Application of Natural and Calcined Oyster Shell Powders to Improve Latosol and Manage Nitrogen Leaching. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3919. [PMID: 36900930 PMCID: PMC10002008 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive N fertilizer application has aggravated soil acidification and loss of N. Although oyster shell powder (OSP) can improve acidic soil, few studies have investigated its ability to retain soil N. Here, the physicochemical properties of latosol after adding OSP and calcined OSP (COSP) and the dynamic leaching patterns of ammonium N (NH4+-N), nitrate N (NO3--N), and Ca in seepage, were examined through indoor culture and intermittent soil column simulation experiments. Various types of N fertilizer were optimized through the application of 200 mg/kg of N, urea (N 200 mg/kg) was the control treatment (CK), and OSP and COSPs prepared at four calcination temperatures-500, 600, 700, and 800 °C-were added to the latosol for cultivation and leaching experiments. Under various N application conditions, the total leached N from the soil followed ammonium nitrate > ammonium chloride > urea. The OSP and COSPs had a urea adsorption rate of 81.09-91.29%, and the maximum reduction in cumulative soil inorganic N leached was 18.17%. The ability of COSPs to inhibit and control N leaching improved with increasing calcination temperature. Applying OSP and COSPs increased soil pH, soil organic matter, total N, NO3--N, exchangeable Ca content, and cation exchange capacity. Although all soil enzyme activities related to N transformation decreased, the soil NH4+-N content remained unchanged. The strong adsorption capacities for NH4+-N by OSP and COSPs reduced the inorganic N leaching, mitigating the risk of groundwater contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kexing Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanmei Wen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongxiang Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang G, Ren Y, Bai X, Su Y, Han J. Contributions of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement of Medicinal Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3200. [PMID: 36501240 PMCID: PMC9740990 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants (MPs) are important resources widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases and have attracted much attention owing to their significant antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other activities. However, soil degradation, caused by continuous cropping, excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination, seriously restricts the growth and quality formation of MPs. Microorganisms, as the major biota in soil, play a critical role in the restoration of the land ecosystem. Rhizosphere microecology directly or indirectly affects the growth and development, metabolic regulation and active ingredient accumulation of MPs. Microbial resources, with the advantages of economic efficiency, harmless to environment and non-toxic to organisms, have been recommended as a promising alternative to conventional fertilizers and pesticides. The introduction of beneficial microbes promotes the adaptability of MPs to adversity stress by enhancing soil fertility, inhibiting pathogens and inducing systemic resistance. On the other hand, it can improve the medicinal quality by removing soil pollutants, reducing the absorption and accumulation of harmful substances and regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The ecological and economic benefits of the soil microbiome in agricultural practices are increasingly recognized, but the current understanding of the interaction between soil conditions, root exudates and microbial communities and the mechanism of rhizosphere microecology affecting the secondary metabolism of MPs is still quite limited. More research is needed to investigate the effects of the microbiome on the growth and quality of different medicinal species. Therefore, the present review summarizes the main soil issues in medicinal plant cultivation, the functions of microbes in soil remediation and plant growth promotion and the potential mechanism to further guide the use of microbial resources to promote the ecological cultivation and sustainable development of MPs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamed SM, El-Gaml NM, Eissa ST. Integrated biofertilization using yeast with cyanobacteria on growth and productivity of wheat. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The heavy use of conventional mineral fertilization considerably increased wheat growth and yield components. However, the excessive nitrogen fertilization accounts for large expenses on farmers’ budget and has negative environmental drawbacks to soil and water ecosystems. Recently, establishing wheat plants associations with a variety of N2-fixing cyanobacteria and/or growth promoting microorganisms in farming systems as nutrients source is seen as ecofriendly and economically feasible solution.
Results
In this work, the influence of different nitrogen (N) levels (100% N, 75% N, and 50% N as urea) and cyanobacteria (Cy) and/or yeast (Y) inoculation each alone or both in combination with different nitrogen levels were assessed on two different wheat (Triticumae stivum L.) genotypes (Sids-14 and Giza-171) through field experiments over two consecutive seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021). Although, the full recommended dose (FRD) (100% N) showed the highest chlorophyll (Chl) a, b content during tillering stage, grains quality (NPK-uptake, protein%), and wheat yield components in both genotypes. The integrated inoculation of cyanobacteria and yeast with 50% N, 75% N-fertilization enhanced wheat growth characteristic (Chl a,b) and upgraded soil microbial community (nitrogenase activity and CO2 evolution) in Sids-14 and Giza-171. Cy combined with Y and partial N-fertilization levels enhanced NPK-uptake Kg/fed and protein% in wheat grains in the two wheat genotypes. Moreover, this combination recorded a wheat yield components (plant height, number of spikes/m2, number of grains/spike, 1000 grains wt (gm) and grains yield (tonne/fed) insignificantly different from those obtained by FRD in wheat cultivation.
Conclusion
The integrated application of cyanobacteria with yeast and 50% N or 75% N-fertilization improved soil fertility index and promoted NPK- uptake, protein% and wheat yield components, showing comparable values to conventional chemical fertilization. Cyanobacteria combined with yeast inoculation had socio-economic benefits as it can save about 25–50% of the required mineral nitrogen fertilizers for wheat crop production.
Collapse
|
7
|
Roslan MAM, Sobri ZM, Zuan ATK, Abdul Rahman NA. Okra Growth, Yield and Rhizosphere Microbiome Responses to the Encapsulated Bioinoculant Application under Reduced Fertilization Regime. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081107. [PMID: 35892963 PMCID: PMC9332871 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence that Enterobacter hormaechei can improve plant physiology and yield through soil phosphate (P) and potassium (K) amelioration. This study unraveled the effect of different soil inoculation methods i.e., free-cell and encapsulated (alginate bead containing sugar-protein hydrolysate and molasses) E. hormaechei 40a with different rates of PK-fertilization on okra P and K uptake, and soil rhizosphere bacterial community. The results revealed that 3HB (half-dose PK-fertilizer + encapsulated strain 40a) had the highest soil available P (SAP) and K (SAK), as well as P and K uptake for all plant organs, followed by 3F (full-dose PK-fertilizer), 3HI (half-dose PK-fertilizer + free-cell strain 40a), and 3H (half-dose PK-fertilizer), and improved yield by up to 75.6%. Both inoculated and full-dose fertilizer treatments produced larger pods (>15 cm) compared to 3H. We discovered increased bacterial richness and diversity in both 3HB and 3HI samples compared to uninoculated treatments. Both 3HB and 3F treatments were positively correlated with the increasing abundance of Acidobacteriales, Burkholderia caballeronia paraburkholderia, Gemmataceae, and Sphingomonas along with the SAP and SAK. The plant-beneficial effect of one-time 3HB treatment on okra growth and yield was comparable to biweekly inoculation in 3HI, suggesting a new cost-effective farming approach in precision agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad Roslan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.R.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Zulfazli M. Sobri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.R.); (N.A.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tripodi P, Figàs MR, Leteo F, Soler S, Díez MJ, Campanelli G, Cardi T, Prohens J. Genotypic and Environmental Effects on Morpho-Physiological and Agronomic Performances of a Tomato Diversity Panel in Relation to Nitrogen and Water Stress Under Organic Farming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:fpls-13-936596. [PMID: 35845687 PMCID: PMC9277548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural scenario of the upcoming decades will face major challenges for the increased and sustainable agricultural production and the optimization of the efficiency of water and fertilizer inputs. Considering the current and foreseen water scarcity in several marginal and arid areas and the need for a more sustainable farming production, the selection and development of cultivars suitable to grow under low-input conditions is an urgent need. In this study, we assayed 42 tomato genotypes for thirty-two morpho-physiological and agronomic traits related to plant, fruit, and root characteristics under standard (control) and no-nitrogen fertilization or water deficit (30% of the amount given to non-stressed trials) treatments in two sites (environments), which corresponded to organic farms located in Italy and Spain. A broad range of variation was found for all traits, with significant differences between the applied treatments and the cultivation sites. Dissection of genotypic (G), environmental (E), and treatment (T) factors revealed that the three main factors were highly significant for many traits, although G was the main source of variation in most cases. G × E interactions were also important, while G × T and E × T were less relevant. Only fruit weight and blossom end rot were highly significant for the triple interaction (G × E × T). Reduction of water supply significantly increased the soluble solid content in both locations, whereas both nitrogen and water stress led to a general decrease in fruit weight and total yield. Despite so, several accessions exhibited better performances than the control when cultivated under stress. Among the accessions evaluated, hybrids were promising in terms of yield performance, while overall landraces and heirlooms exhibited a better quality. This suggests the possibility of exploiting both the variation within ancient varieties and the heterosis for yield of hybrids to select and breed new varieties with better adaptation to organic farming conditions, both under optimal and suboptimal conditions. The results shed light on the strategies to develop novel varieties for organic farming, giving hints into the management of inputs to adopt for a more sustainable tomato cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Tripodi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano, Italy
| | - Maria R. Figàs
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Leteo
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy
| | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Díez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriele Campanelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy
| | - Teodoro Cardi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano, Italy
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Phenolic Composition of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Was Highly Influenced by Cultivar and Year and Little by Soil Liming or Foliar Spray Rich in Nutrients or Algae. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The interest in expanding the production of hops outside the traditional cultivation regions, mainly motivated by the growth of the craft brewery business, justifies the intensification of studies into its adaptation to local growing conditions. In this study, four field trials were undertaken on a twenty-year-old hop garden, over periods of up to three years to assess the effect of important agro-environmental variation factors on hop phenol and phenolic composition and to establish its relationship with the elemental composition of hop cones. All the field trials were arranged as factorial designs exploring the combined effect of: (1) plots of different vigour plants × year; (2) plots of different plant vigor × algae- and nutrient-rich foliar sprays × year; (3) plot × liming × year; and (4) cultivars (Nugget, Cascade, Columbus) × year. Total phenols in hops, were significantly influenced by most of the experimental factors. Foliar spraying and liming were the factors that least influenced the measured variables. The year had the greatest effect on the accumulation of total phenols in hop cones in the different trials and may have contributed to interactions that often occurred between the factors under study. The year average for total phenol concentrations in hop cones ranged from 11.9 mg g−1 to 21.2 mg g−1. Significant differences in quantity and composition of phenolic compounds in hop cones were also found between cultivars. The phenolic compounds identified were mainly flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol glycosides) and phenolic carboxylic acids (p-coumaric and caffeic acids).
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of chicken manure and chemical fertilizer on the yield and qualities of white mugwort at dissimilar harvesting times. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266190. [PMID: 35472063 PMCID: PMC9041803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key components that affects soil productiveness, plant growth, and crop quality is fertilization. The effect of fertilizer, both organic and chemical, on the extremely acidic (pH 4.10) sandy loam soil chemical properties, yield, and quality of white mugwort grown were evaluated in this study. The field experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replications was conducted in Prachin Buri province, Thailand. There were six treatments, no fertilization (control), chemical fertilizer (25-7-7 + 46-0-0) applied at 187.50 (66.56 N:6.77 P2O5:6.77 K2O kg ha-1) kg ha-1 and applied at 375.00 (133.12 N:13.13 P2O5:13.13 K2O kg ha-1) kg ha-1, chicken manure applied at 3.36, 6.72, and 10.08 t ha-1. After harvesting, application of chicken manure tended to increase soil organic matter compared to the control, however, the application of chemical fertilizer did not show the same effect. The fresh weight of white mugwort increased with the rise in both fertilizer levels. Chicken manure application at 10.08 t ha-1 produced the highest fresh weight at all times. The level of accumulated nitrate was significantly greater when fertilizer rates increased. In addition, the total phenolic content of the white mugwort fertilized with chicken manure was higher than that fertilized with chemical fertilizer. However, there was no association between the DPPH radical scavenging capacity at harvesting times and different fertilization. Based on the results, chicken manure applied at 10.08 t ha-1 gave the best yield and higher total phenolic content of white mugwort, which was probably due to the improved soil organic matter.
Collapse
|
11
|
Using Trophy Hunting to Save Wildlife Foraging Resources: A Case Study from Moyowosi-Kigosi Game Reserves, Tanzania. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the role of trophy hunting in wildlife conservation has been a topic of much debate. While various studies have focused on the financial contribution of trophy hunting towards wildlife conservation, little is known about whether hunting activities can protect wildlife forage resources. We examined the effect of illegal livestock grazing on wildlife habitat in operational and non-operational wildlife hunting blocks in Moyowosi-Kigosi Game Reserves (MKGR), Tanzania. We assessed whether the physical presence of hunting activities lowered illegal grazing and, thus, led to higher vegetation quality. We compared 324 samples of above-ground biomass (AGB) and grass cover between control (0.0007 cattle ha−1), moderately (0.02 cattle ha−1), and intensively (0.05 to 0.1 cattle ha−1) grazed hunting blocks. Likewise, we assessed soil infiltration, soil penetration, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (N-P-K) across grazing intensity. Illegal grazing decreased AGB by 55%, grass cover by 36%, soil penetration by 46%, and infiltration rate by 63% compared to the control blocks. Illegal grazing further lowered SOC by 28% (F2,33 = 8, p < 0.002) but increased soil N by 50% (F2,33 = 32.2, p < 0.001) and soil K by 56% (H (2) = 23.9, p < 0.001), while soil P remained stable. We further examined if Hunting Company (HC) complements anti-poaching efforts in the Game Reserves (GR). We found that HC contributes an average of 347 worker-days−1 for patrol efforts, which is 49% more than the patrol efforts conducted by the GR. However, patrol success is higher for GR than HC (F1,21 = 116, p < 0.001), due to constant surveillance by HC, illegal herders avoided invading their hunting blocks. We conclude that illegal grazing severely reduced vegetation and soil quality in MKGR. We further claim that trophy hunting contributes directly to wildlife habitat preservation by deploying constant surveillance and preventing illegal grazing. We propose maintaining trophy hunting as an essential ecological tool in wildlife conservation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guha T, Gopal G, Mukherjee A, Kundu R. Fe 3O 4-urea nanocomposites as a novel nitrogen fertilizer for improving nutrient utilization efficiency and reducing environmental pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118301. [PMID: 34626716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Almost 81% of nitrogen fertilizers are applied in form of urea but most of it is lost due to volatilization and leaching leading to environmental pollution. In this regard, slow-release nano fertilizers can be an effective solution. Here, we have synthesized different Fe3O4-urea nanocomposites with Fe3O4 NPs: urea ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) ie. NC-1, 2, and 3 respectively, and checked their efficacy for growth and yield enhancement. Oryza sativa L. cv. Swarna seedlings were treated with different NCs for 14 days in hydroponic conditions and significant up-regulation of photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen metabolism were observed due to increased availability of nitrogen and iron. The discriminant functional analysis confirmed that the NC3 treatment yielded the best results so further gene expression studies were performed for NC-3 treated seedlings. Significant changes in expression profiles of ammonia and nitrate transporters indicated that NC-3 treatment enhanced nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) due to sustained slow release of urea. From pot experiments, we found significant enhancement of growth, grain nutrient content, and NUE in NC supplemented sets. 1.45 fold increase in crop yield was achieved when 50% N was supplemented in form of NC-3 and the rest in form of ammonium nitrate. NC supplementation can also play a vital role in minimizing the use of bulk N fertilizers because, when 75% of the recommended N dose was supplied in form of NC-3, 1.18 fold yield enhancement was found. Thus our results highlight that, slow-release NC-3 can play a major role in increasing the NUE of rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Titir Guha
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Calcutta University, 35, Ballygange Circular Road, Kolkata-19, India
| | - Geetha Gopal
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Calcutta University, 35, Ballygange Circular Road, Kolkata-19, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oluwagunwa OA, Alashi AM, Aluko RE. Inhibition of the in vitro Activities of α-Amylase and Pancreatic Lipase by Aqueous Extracts of Amaranthus viridis, Solanum macrocarpon and Telfairia occidentalis Leaves. Front Nutr 2021; 8:772903. [PMID: 34820413 PMCID: PMC8606662 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of digestive enzymes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase (PL) is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment and management of chronic health conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the enzyme inhibitory activity of polyphenol-rich aqueous extracts of Amaranthus viridis (AV), Solanum macrocarpon (SM) and Telfairia occidentalis (TO) leaves, which were harvested from plants produced using multiple urea fertilizer doses (0-80 kg N/ha). Fertilizer application was applied at two time points (at planting or 2 weeks after seedling emergence). Leaf extracts were obtained using aqueous extraction (1:20, leaves:water) for 4 h at 60°C followed by centrifugation and freeze-drying of the supernatant. Results showed that the extracts inhibited α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase dose-dependently with TO extracts having significantly (p < 0.05) higher inhibitory activities for both enzymes. Fluorescence intensity and circular dichroism spectra in the presence and absence of leaf extracts indicate significant changes to the enzyme protein secondary and tertiary conformations. We conclude that the leaf extracts, especially from TO are potential agents for reducing calorie intake as a preventive or treatment tool against chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka A. Oluwagunwa
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Adeola M. Alashi
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- The Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Imran A, Hakim S, Tariq M, Nawaz MS, Laraib I, Gulzar U, Hanif MK, Siddique MJ, Hayat M, Fraz A, Ahmad M. Diazotrophs for Lowering Nitrogen Pollution Crises: Looking Deep Into the Roots. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:637815. [PMID: 34108945 PMCID: PMC8180554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During and after the green revolution in the last century, agrochemicals especially nitrogen (N) were extensively used. However, it resulted in a remarkable increase in crop yield but drastically reduced soil fertility; increased the production cost, food prices, and carbon footprints; and depleted the fossil reserves with huge penalties to the environment and ecological sustainability. The groundwater, rivers, and oceans are loaded with N excess which is an environmental catastrophe. Nitrogen emissions (e.g., ammonia, nitrogen oxide, nitrous oxide) play an important role in global climate change and contribute to particulate matter and acid rain causing respiratory problems, cancers, and damage to forests and buildings. Therefore, the nitrogen-polluted planet Earth needs concerted global efforts to avoid the disaster. Improved agricultural N management focuses on the synchronization of crop N demand and N supply along with improving the N-use efficiency of the crops. However, there is very little focus on the natural sources of N available for plants in the form of diazotrophic bacteria present inside or on the root surface and the rhizosphere. These diazotrophs are the mini-nitrogen factories that convert available (78%) atmospheric N2 to ammonia through a process known as "biological nitrogen fixation" which is then taken up by the plants for its metabolic functioning. Diazotrophs also stimulate root architecture by producing plant hormones and hence improve the plant's overall ability to uptake nutrients and water. In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized the whole agri-industry by introducing nano-fertilizers and coated/slow-releasing fertilizers. With this in mind, we tried to explore the following questions: To what extent can the crop N requirements be met by diazotroph inoculation? Can N input to agriculture be managed in a way leading to environmental benefits and farmers saving money? Can nanotechnology help in technological advancement of diazotroph application? The review suggests that an integrated technology based on slow-releasing nano-fertilizer combined with diazotrophs should be adopted to decrease nitrogen inputs to the agricultural system. This integrated technology would minimize N pollution and N losses to much extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Imran
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sughra Hakim
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tariq
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoib Nawaz
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Laraib
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Umaira Gulzar
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Bagh, Kotli, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Hanif
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Siddique
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Hayat
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Fraz
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of Supplement Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Levels on Soil Carbon–Nitrogen Content and Yield of One-Year Double Cropping Maize in Subtropical Region. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate irrigation conditions and nitrogen application can negatively affect soil carbon–nitrogen content and yield of maize, as well as can lead to underground water pollution and soil degradation. A two year (2018, 2019) field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of irrigation and N, alone and in combination on maize grain yield, grain nitrogen content, soil inorganic N and MBC of one-year double cropping maize (Zea mays L.) in a subtropical region. Split plot design was adopted, with main plots consisting of two water regimes: drip irrigation (drip irrigation to keep soil water content no less than 70% of maximum field capacity) and rainfed (no irrigation during growing period). Split-plot treatments consisted of five nitrogen application levels, including 0 (N0), 150 (N150), 200 (N200), 250 (N250), and 300 kg/ha (N300). The results of two-year field experiment showed that soil irrigation nitrogen interaction had a significant influence on the all measured parameters. In detail, soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain nitrogen contents under the combined treatment of N250 and supplementary irrigation were higher relative to other treatments. Compared with rainfed, maize yield, thousand grains weight (TGW) and harvest index increased by 22.0%, 7.7%, and 15.2% under supplemental irrigation. Yield and TGW N300 were 287 kg/ha and 3.1 g higher than those of N250, and yield and TGW of N250 were 59.4% and 23.1% higher than those of N0, respectively. The yield of spring maize was 24.0% significantly higher than that of autumn maize. Therefore, we suggested that 250 kg/ha nitrogen application fertilizer combined with supplementary irrigation can improve soil fertility and annual maize yield in subtropical one-year double cropping region.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ben Mariem S, González-Torralba J, Collar C, Aranjuelo I, Morales F. Durum Wheat Grain Yield and Quality under Low and High Nitrogen Conditions: Insights into Natural Variation in Low- and High-Yielding Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1636. [PMID: 33255440 PMCID: PMC7760076 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The availability and management of N are major determinants of crop productivity, but N excessive use has an associated agro-ecosystems environmental impact. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of N fertilization on yield and grain quality of 6 durum wheat genotypes, selected from 20 genotypes as high- and low-yielding genotypes. Two N levels were applied from anthesis to maturity: high (½ Hoagland nutrient solution) and low (modified ½ Hoagland with one-third of N). Together with the agronomic characterization, grain quality analyses were assessed to characterize carbohydrates concentration, mineral composition, glutenin and gliadin concentrations, polyphenol profile, and anti-radical activity. Nitrogen supply improved wheat grain yield with no effect on thousand-grain weight. Grain soluble sugars and gluten fractions were increased, but starch concentration was reduced, under high N. Mineral composition and polyphenol concentrations were also improved by N application. High-yielding genotypes had higher grain carbohydrates concentrations, while higher concentrations in grain minerals, gluten fractions, and polyphenols were recorded in the low-yielding ones. Decreasing the amount of N to one-third ensured a better N use efficiency but reduced durum wheat agronomic and quality traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
| | - Jon González-Torralba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
| | - Concha Collar
- Cereals and Cereal-Based Products, Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|