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Miklečić J, Zeljko M, Lučić Blagojević S, Jirouš-Rajković V. The Effect of Polyacrylate Emulsion Coating with Unmodified and Modified Nano-TiO 2 on Weathering Resistance of Untreated and Heat-Treated Wood. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:511. [PMID: 38399889 PMCID: PMC10893013 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and their modifications on the weathering resistance of untreated and heat-treated wood was studied. The wood samples were coated with polyacrylate waterborne emulsion coatings that contain nano-TiO2 in the amount of 0.75 wt.%. Two types of modifiers were used to modify the nano-TiO2 surface: 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride (AIBA) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (AMPTS). Coated and uncoated wood samples were exposed to accelerated weathering by application of sunlight, water and moisture for 360 h. During the research, the dry film thickness, color, gloss and hardness of the surface of the samples were measured. The obtained results showed that the effect of the addition and surface modification of nano-TiO2 on the color and gloss stability was different on untreated and heat-treated ash wood, and that accelerated weathering causes an increase in surface hardness and a decrease in thickness of the dry coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Miklečić
- Department of Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Martina Zeljko
- M PLAST d.o.o., 88220 Široki Brijeg, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Sanja Lučić Blagojević
- Department of Surface Engineering of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Jirouš-Rajković
- Department of Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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The Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Molecular Weight and Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyester Yarns Containing Ceramic Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061348. [PMID: 36987129 PMCID: PMC10054692 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The accelerated aging of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) multifilament yarns containing nano or microparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon carbide (SiC), or fluorite (CaF2) at a maximum percentage of 2% has been studied. For this, the yarn samples were introduced into a climatic chamber at 50 °C, 50% relative humidity, and an ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiance of 1.4 W/m2. They were then removed from the chamber after periods of between 21 and 170 days of exposure. Subsequently, the variation in weight average molecular weight, number molecular weight, and polydispersity was evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the surface appearance was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the thermal properties were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the mechanical properties were evaluated using dynamometry. The results showed that, at the test conditions, there was degradation in all of the exposed substrates, possibly due to the excision of the chains that make up the polymeric matrix, which resulted in the variation in the mechanical and thermal properties depending on the type and size of the particle used. This study provides insight into the evolution of the properties of PET-based nano- and microcomposites and might be helpful when selecting materials for specific applications, which is of great interest from an industrial point of view.
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Zhou X, Lin C, Chen C, Gao B, Xu W, Zheng X, Wu T, Wang H. Preparation of a 3D printable high-performance GelMA hydrogel loading with magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1132192. [PMID: 36937750 PMCID: PMC10017762 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1132192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains a worldwide concern due to the poor effectiveness of available therapies in the clinic. Therefore, it is necessary to find a safe and effective therapy to realize the complete resection of osteosarcoma and reconstruction of the bone defect. Magnetic hyperthermia based on magnetic nanoparticles can kill tumor cells by raising the temperature without causing the side effects of conventional cancer treatments. This research aims to design a high-performance magnetic hydrogel composed of gelatin methacrylate and highly magnetic cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles for osteosarcoma treatment. Specifically, CFO is surface functionalized with methacrylate groups (MeCFO). The surface modified CFO has good biocompatibility and stable solution dispersion ability. Afterward, MeCFO nanoparticles are incorporated into GelMA to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) printable MeCFO/GelMA magnetic hydrogel and then photocross-linked by UV radiation. MeCFO/GelMA hydrogel has high porosity and swelling ability, indicating that the hydrogel possesses more space and good hydrophily for cell survival. The rheological results showed that the hydrogel has shear thinning property, which is suitable as a bioprinting ink to produce desired structures by a 3D printer. Furthermore, 50 μg/mL MeCFO not only decreases the cell activity of osteosarcoma cells but also promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs. The results of the CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining showed that MeCFO/GelMA hydrogel had good cytocompatibility. These results indicated that MeCFO/GelMA hydrogel with potential antitumor and bone reconstruction functions is a promising therapeutic strategy after osteosarcoma resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwan Shi
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological And Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhen Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological And Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinting Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological And Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiong Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological And Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Botao Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological And Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weikang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological And Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Zheng, ; Tingting Wu, ; Huajun Wang,
| | - Tingting Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological And Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Zheng, ; Tingting Wu, ; Huajun Wang,
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Zheng, ; Tingting Wu, ; Huajun Wang,
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Nayaki VT, Karthigeyan S, Ali SA, Kalarani G, Ranganathan K, Ranganathan A. Chemical characterization of silanized silver nanoparticles impregnated in poly (methyl methacrylate) resin: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2023; 23:45-49. [PMID: 36588374 PMCID: PMC10088452 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_203_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The intention was to determine the chemical interaction of silanized AgNPs with PMMA by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Settings and Design In-vitro comparative study. Materials and Methods This study is composed of four groups - 0.75% AgNP, 1.0% AgNP, 1.5% AgNP impregnated with PMMA, and nonimpregnated PMMA as control. The chemical nature of silanized AgNPs was studied using FTIR study. Results The results showed the appearance of new peak between 1727/cm and 1436/cm, i.e., 1636.476/ cm, 1645.886/cm, and 1646.885/cm, representing the C = C stretch in the experimental groups, i.e., 2, 3, and 4, respectively. This peak confirms that coupling agent has chemically interacted with PMMA. Conclusion It can be concluded that the AgNPs coated with the silane coupling agent TMSPM has chemically reacted with PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Thillai Nayaki
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suma Karthigeyan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Asharaf Ali
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Kalarani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaraj Ranganathan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Ranganathan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sagare RD, Dasankoppa FS, Sholapur HN. Design, Optimization and Characterization of γ-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-doped Halloysite Clay Nanotubes Using Ultra-turrax Homogenizer. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bórquez-Mendivil A, Hurtado-Macías A, Leal-Pérez JE, Flores-Valenzuela J, Vargas-Ortíz RÁ, Cabrera-Covarrubias FG, Almaral-Sánchez JL. Hybrid Coatings of SiO 2-Recycled PET Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Sol-Gel Process. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163280. [PMID: 36015537 PMCID: PMC9415624 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid coatings of SiO2 and recycled unsaturated polyester resin (R-UPR) from recycled polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) were prepared by the sol-gel process on glass substrates. First, SiO2 was synthesized by the sol-gel process using a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) solution. Next, bis(2-hydroxypropyl-terephthalate) (BHPT) was synthesized from mechanical and chemical recycling (glycolysis) of post-consumer PET bottles in propylene glycol (PG) using ZnA as catalyst, in a Vessel-type reactor (20–200 °C); maleic anhydride (MA) was added and, following the same procedure, the unsaturated polyester (UP) was synthetized, which was cooled to room temperature. Next, styrene (St) and benzoyl-peroxide (PBO)-initiator were added to obtain R–UPR. TEOS (T) and three hybrid solutions were synthesized, with molar ratios of 0:1:0 (T), 1:2:0.25 (H1), 1:1:0.25 (H2), and 1:0:0.25 (H3) for R–UPR:TEOS:3-trimethoxy-(silyl)-propyl-methacrylate (TMSPM), respectively, with which TC, HC1, HC2, and HC3 coatings were elaborated using the immersion technique and polymerized (120 °C for 24 h). The solutions were characterized by FT–IR and TGA, and the coatings by SEM, nanoindentation, AFM, adhesion, and contact angle. The results showed that SiO2 enhanced mechanical (hardness and Young’s modulus) and thermal properties of the R-UPR. The coatings adhered perfectly to the substrate, with thicknesses of micrometer units and a flat surface; in addition, hydrophilicity decreased as SiO2 decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Bórquez-Mendivil
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Los Mochis C.P. 81223, Mexico
| | - Abel Hurtado-Macías
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C., National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Metallurgy and Structural Integrity, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico
| | | | - Joaquín Flores-Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Los Mochis C.P. 81223, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.F.-V.); (J.L.A.-S.)
| | | | | | - Jorge Luis Almaral-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Los Mochis C.P. 81223, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.F.-V.); (J.L.A.-S.)
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Hossain MN, Lee SJ, Kim CL. Fabrication of TiO 2 ̶ KH550 ̶ PEG Super-Hydrophilic Coating on Glass Surface without UV/Plasma Treatment for Self-Cleaning and Anti-Fogging Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093292. [PMID: 35591625 PMCID: PMC9105175 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a self-cleaning transparent coating on a glass substrate by dip coating a TiO2 – KH550 – PEG mixed solution with super-hydrophilicity and good antifogging properties. The fabrication of the thin-film-coated glass is a one-step solution blending method that is performed by depositing only one layer of modified TiO2 nanoparticles at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the structure and morphology of the nanoparticles and the thin-film-coated glass. The surface functional groups were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the optical properties of the glass coating were measured using a UV/Vis spectrometer. The results revealed that the KH-500-modified TiO2 film coating was in an anatase crystalline form. The hydrophilicity of the coated and uncoated glass substrates was observed by measuring their water contact angle (WCA) using a contact angle instrument. The maximum transparency of the coated glass measured in the visible region (380–780 nm) was approximately 70%, and it possessed excellent super-hydrophilic properties (WCA ~0°) at an annealing temperature of 350 °C without further need of UV or plasma treatment. These results demonstrate the super-hydrophilic coated glass surface has potential for use in self-cleaning and anti-fogging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nobi Hossain
- BK21 FOUR Program for Development of Regional Future Engineers in Smart Mechanical Components, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.N.H.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Sung-Jun Lee
- BK21 FOUR Program for Development of Regional Future Engineers in Smart Mechanical Components, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.N.H.); (S.-J.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Chang-Lae Kim
- BK21 FOUR Program for Development of Regional Future Engineers in Smart Mechanical Components, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.N.H.); (S.-J.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ziąbka M, Matysiak K, Walczak K, Gajek M, Cholewa-Kowalska K. Modification of TiAlV Alloys with Hybrid Layers Containing Metallic Nanoparticles Obtained by the Sol-Gel Method: Surface and Structural Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042283. [PMID: 35216397 PMCID: PMC8877359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to obtain hybrid coatings containing silver, copper, and zinc nanoparticles on the TiAlV medical alloy via a sol–gel process. The developed layers were designed to bring about a bactericidal and fungicidal effect, as well as for protection against surgical scratches during the implantation of implants used in veterinary medicine. In this work, the authors focused on evaluating the microstructure (SEM + EDS); the structure (XRD, FTIR); and the surface properties, such as wettability, free surface energy, and roughness of layers with various concentrations of metallic nanoparticles (2 and 5 mol %). Our results confirmed that the sol–gel method enables the easy manufacturing of hybrid layers endowed with different porosity values as well as various shapes and sizes of metallic nanoparticles. A higher concentration of nanoparticles was observed on the surface containing 5 mol % of metallic salts. The highest degree of homogeneity was obtained for the layers containing silver nanoparticles. In addition, the silver nanoparticles were round and had the smallest dimensions, even below 20 nm. The FTIR and XRD structural studies confirmed the presence of an organosilicon matrix containing all three types of the metallic particles. We conclude that the higher concentration of nanoparticles influenced the alloy surface parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ziąbka
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-012-617-2523
| | - Katarzyna Matysiak
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Hydrogen Energy, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Marcin Gajek
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska
- Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Sienkiewicz A, Rokicka-Konieczna P, Wanag A, Kusiak-Nejman E, Morawski AW. Artificial Solar Light-Driven APTES/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Methylene Blue Removal from Water. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030947. [PMID: 35164212 PMCID: PMC8838937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic performance of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified TiO2 nanomaterials obtained by solvothermal modification under elevated pressure, followed by calcination in an argon atmosphere at 800–1000 °C, is presented for the first time. The presence of silicon and carbon in the APTES/TiO2 photocatalysts contributed to the effective delay of the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation and the growth of the crystallites size of both polymorphous forms of TiO2 during heating. Thus, the calcined APTES-modified TiO2 exhibited higher pore volume and specific surface area compared with the reference materials. The change of TiO2 surface charge from positive to negative after the heat treatment increased the adsorption of the methylene blue compound. Consequently, due to the blocking of active sites on the TiO2 surface, the adsorption process negatively affected the photocatalytic properties. All calcined photocatalysts obtained after modification via APTES showed a higher dye decomposition degree than the reference samples. For all 3 modifier concentrations tested, the best photoactivity was noted for nanomaterials calcined at 900 °C due to a higher specific surface area than materials calcined at 1000 °C, and a larger number of active sites available on the TiO2 surface compared with samples annealed at 800 °C. It was found that the optimum concentration for TiO2 modification, at which the highest dye decomposition degree was noted, was 500 mM.
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Parsimehr H, Pazokifard S. Ambient temperature cross-linkable acrylic latexes: effect of cross-link density, glass transition temperature and application temperature difference on mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Silane Grafting on TiO2 Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Paint for Atmospheric Cleaning. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, anatase titania was utilized to prepare a durable photocatalytic paint with substantially enhanced photoactivity towards NO oxidation. Consequently, to alleviate the choking effect of photocatalytic paint and incorporate self-cleaning properties, the parent anatase titania was modified with Al(OH)3 and a number of organosilane (tetraethyl orthosilicate, propyltrimethoxysilane, triethoxy(octadecyl)silane, and trimethylchlorosilane) coatings. A facile hydrolysis approach in ethanol was employed to coat the parent titania. To facilitate uniform dispersion in photocatalytic paint and strong bonding with the prevailing organic matrix, it is necessary to avail both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on the titania surface. Therefore, during the preparation of modified titania, the weight proportion of the total weight of alkyl silane and trimethylchlorosilane was adjusted to a ratio of 1:1. As the parent titania has few hydrophilic portions on the surface, tetraethyl orthosilicate was coated with an organic silane having an extended alkyl group as a hydrophobic group and tetraethyl orthosilicate as a hydrophilic group. When these two silane mixtures are hydrolyzed simultaneously and coated on the surface of parent titania, a portion containing a large amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate becomes hydrophilic, and a part containing an alkyl silane becomes hydrophobic. The surface morphology and the modified titania’s optical attributes were assessed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Based on the advanced characterizations, the NO removal mechanism of the modified titania is reported. The modified titania coated at 20 wt.% on the ceramic substrate was found to remove ~18% of NO under one h of UV irradiation. An extensive UV durability test was also carried out, whereby the coated surface with modified titania was exposed to 350 W/m2 of UV irradiance for 2 weeks. The results indicated that the coated surface appeared to preserve the self-cleaning property even after oil spraying. Hence, facile hydrolysis of multiple organosilane in ethanol could be a viable approach to design the coating on anatase titania for the fabrication of durable photoactive paint.
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