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Wat LW, Svensson KJ. Novel secreted regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism in the development of metabolic diseases. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06253-x. [PMID: 39180580 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The tight regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism is crucial for maintaining metabolic health. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to the development of metabolic diseases. Secreted factors, or hormones, play an essential role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, thus also playing an important role in the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Given the important roles of secreted factors, there has been significant interest in identifying new secreted factors and new functions for existing secreted factors that control glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we evaluate novel secreted factors or novel functions of existing factors that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism discovered in the last decade, including secreted isoform of endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex subunit 10, vimentin, cartilage intermediate layer protein 2, isthmin-1, lipocalin-2, neuregulin-1 and neuregulin-4. We discuss their discovery, tissues of origin, mechanisms of action and sex differences, emphasising their potential to regulate metabolic processes central to diabetes. Additionally, we discuss the translational barriers, particularly the absence of identified receptors, that hamper their functional characterisation and further therapeutic development. Ultimately, the identification of new secreted factors may give insights into previously unidentified pathways of disease progression and mechanisms of glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna W Wat
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Zheng Y, Shao M, Zheng Y, Sun W, Qin S, Sun Z, Zhu L, Guan Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li L. PPARs in atherosclerosis: The spatial and temporal features from mechanism to druggable targets. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38555000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic and complex disease caused by lipid disorder, inflammation, and other factors. It is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, the chief cause of death globally. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are valuable anti-atherosclerosis targets that showcase multiple roles at different pathological stages of atherosclerosis and for cell types at different tissue sites. AIM OF REVIEW Considering the spatial and temporal characteristics of the pathological evolution of atherosclerosis, the roles and pharmacological and clinical studies of PPARs were summarized systematically and updated under different pathological stages and in different vascular cells of atherosclerosis. Moreover, selective PPAR modulators and PPAR-pan agonists can exert their synergistic effects meanwhile reducing the side effects, thereby providing novel insight into future drug development for precise spatial-temporal therapeutic strategy of anti-atherosclerosis targeting PPARs. KEY SCIENTIFIC Concepts of Review: Based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of atherosclerosis, we have proposed the importance of stage- and cell type-dependent precision therapy. Initially, PPARs improve endothelial cells' dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress and then regulate macrophages' lipid metabolism and polarization to improve fatty streak. Finally, PPARs reduce fibrous cap formation by suppressing the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, research on the cell type-specific mechanisms of PPARs can provide the foundation for space-time drug treatment. Moreover, pharmacological studies have demonstrated that several drugs or compounds can exert their effects by the activation of PPARs. Selective PPAR modulators (that specifically activate gene subsets of PPARs) can exert tissue and cell-specific effects. Furthermore, the dual- or pan-PPAR agonist could perform a better role in balancing efficacy and side effects. Therefore, research on cells/tissue-specific activation of PPARs and PPAR-pan agonists can provide the basis for precision therapy and drug development of PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Si Qin
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziwei Sun
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Qiu H, Abudureyimu S, Liu M, Liu F, Gao Y. Study on the Interaction Between C3 Gene Polymorphism and Environment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Combined with Coronary Artery Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1467-1479. [PMID: 38562281 PMCID: PMC10982582 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of genetic variation in the C3 gene and environmental factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and coronary artery disease(CAD) in a population from Xinjiang, China. Methods We conducted a hospital-based case-control study with 896 participants (217 with T2DM+CAD and 679 healthy controls). A polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction was used to identify and genotype TagSNPs in the C3 gene, and the influence of the interaction of two SNP loci (rs1047286 and rs11569562) with the environment on T2DM combined with CAD was evaluated through clinical data, statistical analysis of gene frequencies, and the formation of a gene-environment interaction model. Results We find that rs11569562 GG is an independent protective factor for T2DM and CAD (OR=0.353, p=0.012), and the variants at its locus may be closely associated with Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), lipoprotein a (Lp(a)), Apolipoprotein A (APOA), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Aspartate Aminotransferase (ALT) and AST/ALT levels (all P < 0.05); its GG genotype has significantly lower Gensini score and number of stenoses than the GA and AA genotypes. Multifactorial dimensionality reduction (MDR) finds a strong correlation between rs11569562 and AST (antagonistic effect) (4.44%); the role of rs11569562's influence remains strong in terms of the independent effects of each attribute (1.72%). Conclusions In this study, we find that variants in the C3 gene loci rs11569562 are associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. It is expected to be an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with coronary heart disease in the Chinese population. Rs11569562 may be associated with lipid levels and coagulation molecules. Clinical Trial Registration This trial registered on in 2014 at the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR-TRC-14005114).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Qiu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shajidan Abudureyimu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Clinical Medical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Liu D, He C, Liu Z, Xu L, Li J, Zhao Z, Hu X, Chen H, Sun B, Wang Y. The Prognostic and Immune Significance of CILP2 in Pan-Cancer and Its Relationship with the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5842. [PMID: 38136386 PMCID: PMC10741840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2) facilitates interactions between matrix components in cartilage and has emerged as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanisms of CILP2 in pan-cancer. We evaluated the pan-cancer expression, methylation, and mutation data of CILP2 for its clinical prognostic value. Additionally, we explored the immunological characteristics of CILP2 in pan-cancer and then focused specifically on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD). The subtype analysis of PAAD identified subtype-specific expression and immunological characteristics. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments assessed the impact of CILP2 on pancreatic cancer progression. CILP2 exhibited high expression in most malignancies, with significant heterogeneity in epigenetic modifications across multiple cancer types. The abnormal methylation and copy number variations in CILP2 were correlated with poor prognoses. Upregulated CILP2 was associated with TGFB/TGFBR1 and more malignant subtypes. CILP2 exhibited a negative correlation with immune checkpoints in PAAD, suggesting potential for immunotherapy. CILP2 activated the AKT pathway, and it increased proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated that CILP2 significantly contributes to pancreatic cancer progression. It serves as a prognostic biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zonglin Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Licheng Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuewei Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (D.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Song N, Li K, Lei S, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang W. CILP2: A prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15535. [PMID: 37144183 PMCID: PMC10151353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The function played by cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2) between colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and immune response remains unclear, especially with respect to immune cell infiltration and checkpoints. Materials and Methods: We examined CILP2 expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD-READ cohort and analyzed its relationship with clinicopathological features, mutations, survival, and immunity. Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were performed to determine CILP2 related pathways. To further investigate the results of TCGA analysis, validation was performed using CRC cell lines, fresh pathological tissues, and a CRC tissue microarray (TMA). Results: In both TCGA and TMA cohorts, CILP2 expression was increased in CRC tissues and was associated with patient T stage (T3 and T4), N stage (N1), pathological stage (III and IV), and overall survival. Immune cell infiltration and checkpoint analysis revealed that CILP2 expression is highly correlated with multiple immune marker genes, including PD-1. In addition, results of enrichment analysis indicated that CILP2 related genes was mainly enriched in extracellular matrix related functions. Conclusion: Elevated CILP2 expression is associated with adverse CRC clinical features and immune cells, it has potential as a biomarker detrimental to CRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Niping Song
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Siyun Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China.
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Zhang M, Su L, Wang W, Li C, Liang Q, Ji F, Jiao J. Endothelial cells regulated by RNF20 orchestrate the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells during embryonic development. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111350. [PMID: 36103829 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intimate communication between the vascular and nervous systems is critical for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) development. However, whether cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) can orchestrate neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation and differentiation, and the identity of the signals involved therein, is unclear. Here, we find that the development of ECs is often accompanied by DNA damage. RNF20, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the DNA damage response (DDR). The deletion of RNF20 causes the accumulation of DNA damage in ECs, which fails to secrete cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2). Moreover, the loss of endothelium-derived CILP2 alters the downstream cascade signaling of Wnt signaling pathways through the interaction with Wnt3a, which disturbs the NPC fate and causes autism-like behaviors in mice. Therefore, the close and refined controlled neurovascular interactions ensure the normal operation of neurogenesis during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Libo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chenxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingli Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Serum Concentrations of Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein 2 Were Higher in Overweight and Obese Subjects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6290064. [PMID: 35757483 PMCID: PMC9225864 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6290064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2) is associated with a variety of plasma lipoproteins and lipid traits. However, the correlation between CILP2 and obesity remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating CILP2 levels and obesity based on body mass index (BMI). Methods A total of 252 subjects were divided into three groups: normal weight (n = 124), overweight (n = 94), and obese (n = 34). Metabolic parameters were measured in a fasting state. Serum CILP2 concentration was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between CILP2 and obesity. We also conducted bioinformatics analysis to further explore the genes and signaling pathways related to CILP2. Results The concentrations of serum CILP2 in the overweight and obese groups were significantly higher than that in the normal weight group. In multiple linear regression analysis, BMI was positively correlated with CILP2 concentration after controlling gender and age. Being overweight and obese were independently correlated with CILP2 concentration after adjusting for gender, age, SBP, DBP, FBG, 2-hour OGTT blood glucose (2h-BG), fasting blood insulin (FIns), TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FFA. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the genes related to CILP2 are primarily associated with lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Conclusion We speculate that CILP2 may attribute to metabolic disorders in obesity.
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Xu X, Ni H, Guo Y, Lin Y, Ji J, Jin C, Yuan F, Feng M, Ji N, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) induced developmental cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in hatchling chickens: Roles of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118112. [PMID: 34500398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) is a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) substitute. In the current study, potential developmental cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity following HFPO-DA exposure in chicken embryo has been investigated, focusing on the roles of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα), the major molecular target in PFOA-induced toxicities. HFPO-DA was exposed to fertile chicken eggs via air cell injection, morphology and function of the target organs (heart and liver) in hatchlings were investigated with histopathology and electrocardiography, and the serum levels of HFPO-DA had been measured with quadrupole-time of flight liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (Q-TOF LC/MS). Additionally, lentivirus-mediated in ovo PPARα silencing was used to assess the roles of PPARα in HFPO-DA induced developmental toxicities. The results indicated that developmental exposure to HFPO-DA induced developmental cardiotoxicity, including thinned right ventricular wall and elevated heart rates, similar to those observed with PFOA exposure, as well as developmental hepatotoxicity in the form of steatosis. Silencing of PPARα alleviated such effects, suggesting participation of PPARα in HFPO-DA induced developmental toxicities in chicken embryo. Moreover, enhanced expression of PPARα downstream genes, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (EHHADH), were observed in HFPO-DA exposed animal heart tissues, which can be abolished by PPARα silencing. On the other hand, liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and CD36 expression were effectively enhanced in exposed liver tissues, but not EHHADH, suggesting differential mechanism of toxicity in heart and liver tissues. In summary, developmental exposure to HFPO-DA induced developmental cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in hatchling chickens similar to PFOA, and PPARα still participates in such toxicities, with some differential downstream gene regulations in different organs. Further investigation on HFPO-DA-induced developmental toxicities is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Hao Ni
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Congying Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Fuchong Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Mengxiao Feng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China.
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