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Wróblewska-Kończalik K, Pawlaczyk M, Kolasiński J, Kolenda M, Miechowicz I, Seraszek-Jaros A, Kroma-Szal A, Gornowicz-Porowska J. Non-Cicatricial Alopecia and Its Association with Anthropometric Measurements and Nutritional Laboratory Markers. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:609. [PMID: 38792630 PMCID: PMC11122053 DOI: 10.3390/life14050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alopecia constitutes one of the most common dermatological disorders, and its steadily increasing prevalence is a cause for concern. Alopecia can be divided into two main categories, cicatricial/scarring and non-cicatricial/non-scarring, depending on the causes of hair loss and its patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric and nutritional laboratory parameters in Caucasian adult women and men with non-cicatricial alopecia. A total of 50 patients (37 with non-cicatricial alopecia and 13 healthy controls) were included in the study. Clinical examination and scalp trichoscopy were performed. The anthropometric and nutritional laboratory parameters were collected and analyzed. No statistically significant differences in the laboratory findings were found. The patients with non-cicatricial alopecia were statistically significantly younger as compared to the controls. An elevated risk of hair loss, which was detected among the younger participants, might be associated with a modern lifestyle and the so-called 'Western diet'. It seems safe to assume that suboptimal nutrition and poor eating habits during childhood might constitute risk factors for early hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Pawlaczyk
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Jerzy Kolasiński
- Kolasiński Clinic, Hair Clinic Poznan, 62-020 Swarzędz, Poland; (K.W.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kolenda
- Kolasiński Clinic, Hair Clinic Poznan, 62-020 Swarzędz, Poland; (K.W.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Izabela Miechowicz
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Seraszek-Jaros
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Kroma-Szal
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.-P.)
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Liu LP, Wariboko MA, Hu X, Wang ZH, Wu Q, Li YM. Factors associated with early-onset androgenetic alopecia: A scoping review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299212. [PMID: 38451966 PMCID: PMC10919688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has been associated with various chronic conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gaining a deep understanding of early-onset AGA may enable earlier intervention in individuals at high risks. This scoping review aims to explore the risk factors and etiology, associated conditions, and adverse effects on wellbeing in early-onset AGA. METHODS Electronic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRIAL. Eligible studies included case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, and meta-analysis studies. Selected studies needed to clearly define early-onset AGA cases or include only cases starting before the age of 40 and compare them with appropriate controls. The exclusion criteria comprised editorials, commentaries, case series, and non-systematic reviews, among others. Data extraction involved collecting study characteristics, methodologies, main outcomes, and findings. Descriptive tables were used to summarize key information and relevant variables when necessary. RESULTS Among the 65 eligible articles, 67.69% were case-control studies and 78.46% evaluated only male patients. "Early-onset" was defined as cases developing before the age of 30 years in 43.08% of the studies. The Hamilton-Norwood scale was the most frequently used method for evaluating the severity of alopecia in men (69.23%). Reported risk factors for early-onset AGA included a family history of AGA, cigarette smoking, unhealthy dietary habits, and a high body mass index. Early-onset AGA may also be associated with hormonal profiles, 5α-reductase enzyme activity, androgen receptor genes, and some susceptibility loci. Comorbidities investigated included MetS, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and Parkinson's disease. Men with early-onset AGA may have reduced treatment efficacy with drug like rosuvastatin, metformin or lisinopril for dyslipidemia, prediabetes, or hypertension. Additionally, young men with AGA tended to suffer from psychological issues such as anxiety and low self-esteem compared to those without hair loss. CONCLUSION Early-onset AGA is a complex condition with various risk factors and etiology, associated comorbidities, and potential implications for treatment response and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mary Adumo Wariboko
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Han Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Keshavamurthy V, Bhattachajee R, Bishnoi A, Kaushik A, Sachdeva N, Pal A, Narang T, Dogra S. Clinical and metabolic characteristics of males with early-onset androgenetic alopecia. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2022:1-6. [PMID: 36688892 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_949_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) often have an abnormal hormonal milieu. Objective To ascertain the clinico-phenotypic characteristics and the prevalence of hormonal and metabolic changes in men with early-onset AGA. Methods Consecutive male patients less than 30 years of age with a Norwood-Hamilton grade ≥3 AGA were recruited in this comparative cross-sectional study. After endocrine evaluation they were classified into two groups, that is, Group A consisting of subjects with an altered hormonal profile and Group B with normal hormonal profiles. The groups were assessed for differences in disease phenotype and severity (Norwood-Hamilton grade), insulin resistance and parameters of metabolic syndrome (ATP III guidelines). Results Altered hormonal profiles were seen in 34 of the 100 subjects with AGA, while insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome were noted in 44 and 26 respectively. Altered hormonal profiles were significantly associated with insulin resistance and severe alopecia (grade 4 and above Hamilton-Norwood Scale). Insulin resistant Group A patients had a significantly higher prevalence of severe alopecia (>grade 4) (P = 0.0036). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar in both groups. Limitation The cross sectional study design was a drawback of this study. Further, a control arm without AGA was not included and the sample size of 100 was selected arbitrarily. Conclusion An altered hormonal profile and insulin resistance was noted in a third of the males with early-onset AGA. Subjects with altered hormonal profiles had a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and were likely to have severe grades of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Keshavamurthy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajsmita Bhattachajee
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Kaushik
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tarun Narang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
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Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women and Its Male Equivalent. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102506. [PMID: 36289767 PMCID: PMC9599141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the main findings on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its involvement in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its male equivalent. In women, AMH is produced by granulosa cells from the mid-fetal life to menopause and is a reliable indirect marker of ovarian reserve. AMH protects follicles from atresia, inhibits their differentiation in the ovary, and stimulates gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons pulsatility. AMH overexpression in women with PCOS likely contributes to the increase of the follicle cohort and of androgen levels, leading to follicular arrest and anovulation. In the male, AMH is synthesized at high levels by Sertoli cells from fetal life to puberty when serum AMH falls to levels similar to those observed in women. AMH is involved in the differentiation of the genital tract during fetal life and plays a role in Sertoli and Leydig cells differentiation and function. Serum AMH is used to assess Sertoli cell function in children with disorders of sex development and various conditions affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis. Although the reproductive function of male relative of women with PCOS has been poorly investigated, adolescents have elevated levels of AMH which could play a detrimental role on their fertility.
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Sözen M, Baldane S, Abusoglu S, Kebapcılar L, Kebapcılar A, Tunçez Akyürek F, Ünlü A, İpekci SH. A study on relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular risk using high sensitivity C-reactive protein and galectin-3 in men with early onset baldness. Biomarkers 2021; 27:71-78. [PMID: 34852684 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2013539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the objective was to evaluate the cardiovascular and metabolic effects in men with male pattern alopecia beginning before 30 years of age. METHODS Total of 81 people (41 androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and 40 healthy individuals) were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measurement, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), galectin-3 were studied. Hamilton-Norwood scale (HNS) was used to determine the AGA types of the cases. RESULTS The mean age in the AGA and control groups was 30.3 ± 7.5 and 30.8 ± 6.0, respectively. Twenty-four-hour ABP measurements, hsCRP, and galectin-3 were similar in both groups. There was a positive correlation between HNS grade with age, BMI, triglyceride levels and fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with AGA. Similarly, there was a positive correlation between HNS grade with daytime pulse wave velocity and night-time reflection magnitude. A significant positive correlation was determined between hsCRP with BMI and waist circumference, and between galectin-3 with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, HOMA-IR in individuals with AGA. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that AGA patients are similar to the normal population in terms of insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome components. However, hsCRP and galectin-3 appear to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sözen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Baldane
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Abusoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Levent Kebapcılar
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Kebapcılar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Ünlü
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Hilmi İpekci
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Stárka L, Dušková M. Remarks on the Hormonal Background of the Male Equivalent of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Prague Med Rep 2021; 122:73-79. [PMID: 34137683 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2021.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that the most common female endocrine disease, the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), has a male equivalent, has recently become more widely accepted. The male form of PCOS is marked by alterations in the secretion of gonadotropins, increased insulin resistance, and changes of the levels of several steroid hormones, with clinical manifestations including premature androgenic alopecia (AGA). Because these symptoms are not always found in men with genetic predispositions, knowledge of the male equivalent of PCOS needs to be supplemented by measurements of adrenal 11-oxygenated C19 steroids, particularly 11-keto-, and 11β-hydroxy-derivatives of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, by focusing on the newly-realized role of skin as an endocrine organ, and by confirming any age-related factors in glucose metabolism disorders in such predisposed men.
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Kash N, Leavitt M, Leavitt A, Hawkins SD, Roopani RB. Clinical Patterns of Hair Loss in Men: Is Dihydrotestosterone the Only Culprit? Dermatol Clin 2021; 39:361-370. [PMID: 34053589 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of pathways and factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, prostaglandins, vasculogenesis, Wnt/β-catenin, and transforming growth factor-β have been shown to be important in male androgenetic alopecia. There is limited but increasing evidence of the potential usefulness of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, prostaglandins, and growth factors for treating of androgenetic alopecia. Lifestyle factors and comorbidities including cardiovascular risk factors have been shown to be associated with male androgenetic alopecia. Further study of these pathways, factors, and comorbidities is needed to better understand the pathophysiology, find potentially useful therapeutic targets, and ensure a comprehensive approach to the management of androgenetic alopecia in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kash
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University-Graduate Medical Education Consortium/Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Orlando Dermatology Program, 260 Lookout Place, Suite 103, Maitland, FL 32751, USA
| | - Matt Leavitt
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University-Graduate Medical Education Consortium/Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Orlando Dermatology Program, 260 Lookout Place, Suite 103, Maitland, FL 32751, USA; Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Maitland, FL, USA; University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA; Bosley Medical Group, Maitland, FL, USA.
| | - Adam Leavitt
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Spencer D Hawkins
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rahil B Roopani
- Hair Restoration Surgery Program, Leavitt Medical Associates, 260 Lookout Place, Suite 103, Maitland, FL 32751, USA
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Barbagallo F, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Endocrinology of the Aging Prostate: Current Concepts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:554078. [PMID: 33692752 PMCID: PMC7939072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.554078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases in older men, adversely affects quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Numerous data support the presence of an association between BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether hormonal changes occurring in MetS play a role in the pathogenesis of BPH-LUTS is a debated issue. Therefore, this article aimed to systematically review the impact of hormonal changes that occur during aging on the prostate, including the role of sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones, and insulin. The possible explanatory mechanisms of the association between BPH-LUTS and MetS are also discussed. In particular, the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-equivalent may represent a possible hypothesis to support this link. Male PCOS-equivalent has been defined as an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, which predisposes to the development of type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis in old age. Its early identification would help prevent the onset of these long-term complications.
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Kyrou I, Karteris E, Robbins T, Chatha K, Drenos F, Randeva HS. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and COVID-19: an overlooked female patient population at potentially higher risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Med 2020; 18:220. [PMID: 32664957 PMCID: PMC7360476 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In women of reproductive age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitutes the most frequent endocrine disorder. Women with PCOS are considered to typically belong to an age and sex group which is at lower risk for severe COVID-19. MAIN BODY Emerging data link the risk of severe COVID-19 with certain factors such as hyper-inflammation, ethnicity predisposition, low vitamin D levels, and hyperandrogenism, all of which have known direct associations with PCOS. Moreover, in this common female patient population, there is markedly high prevalence of multiple cardio-metabolic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, which may significantly increase the risk for adverse COVID-19-related outcomes. This strong overlap of risk factors for both worse PCOS cardio-metabolic manifestations and severe COVID-19 should be highlighted for the clinical practice, particularly since women with PCOS often receive fragmented care from multiple healthcare services. Comprehensively informing women with PCOS regarding the potential risks from COVID-19 and how this may affect their management is also essential. CONCLUSION Despite the immense challenges posed by the COVID-19 outbreak to the healthcare systems in affected countries, attention should be directed to maintain a high standard of care for complex patients such as many women with PCOS and provide relevant practical recommendations for optimal management in the setting of this fast moving pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Tim Robbins
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kamaljit Chatha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Fotios Drenos
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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