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Zhang Q, Lang Y, Tang X, Cheng W, Cheng Z, Rizwan M, Xie L, Liu Y, Xu H, Liu Y. Polystyrene microplastic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to growth plate endochondral ossification disorder in young rat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3314-3329. [PMID: 38440912 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on the effects of microplastics (MPs) on bone in early development are limited. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of MPs on bone in young rats and the potential mechanism. METHODS Three-week-old female rats were orally administered MPs for 28 days, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor salubrinal (SAL) and ER stress agonist tunicamycin (TM) were added to evaluate the effect of ER stress on toxicity of MPs. The indicators of growth and plasma markers of bone turnover were evaluated. Tibias were analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Histomorphological staining of growth plates was performed, and related gene expression of growth plate chondrocytes was tested. RESULTS After exposure of MPs, the rats had decreased growth, shortened tibial length, and altered blood calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Trabecular bone was sparse according to micro-CT inspection. In the growth plate, the thickness of proliferative zone substantial reduced while the thickness of hypertrophic zone increased significantly, and the chondrocytes were scarce and irregularly arranged according to tibial histological staining. The transcription of the ER stress-related genes BIP, PERK, ATF4, and CHOP dramatically increased, and the transcription factors involved in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and matrix secretion were aberrant according to RT-qPCR and western blotting. Moreover, the addition of TM showed higher percentage of chondrocyte death. Administration of SAL alleviated all of the MPs-induced symptoms. CONCLUSION These results indicated that MPs could induce growth retardation and longitudinal bone damage in early development. The toxicity of MPs may attribute to induced ER stress and impaired essential processes of the endochondral ossification after MPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Lang
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshu Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zugen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Du G, Zhang J, Shuai Q, Li L, Zhang Q, Shi R. Development of alginate-collagen interpenetrating network for osteoarthritic cartilage by in situ softening. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131259. [PMID: 38574937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an alginate-collagen interpenetrating network (IPN) matrix of incorporating collagen fibrils into an alginate hydrogel by physical mixing and controlled gelation. The resulting matrix closely mimics the physiological and pathological stiffness range of the chondrocyte pericellular matrix (PCM). Chondrocytes were cultured within three-dimensional (3D) alginate-collagen IPN matrices with varying stiffness, namely Firm, Medium, and Soft. Alginate lyase was introduced to study the effects of the changes in stiffness of the Firm on chondrocyte response by in situ softening. The developed alginate-collagen IPN matrix displayed good cell-biocompatibility. Compared with stiffer tissue culture plastic (TCP), chondrocytes grown within Firm displayed a stabilized differentiated phenotype characterized by higher expression levels of aggrecan, collagen II, and SOX-9. Moreover, the developed alginate-collagen IPN matrix exhibited a gradually increased percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-positive dead cells with decreasing stiffness. Softer matrices directed cells towards higher proliferation rates and spherical morphologies while stimulating chondrocyte cluster formation. Furthermore, reducing Firm stiffness by in situ softening decreased aggrecan expression, contributing to matrix degradation similar to that seen in osteoarthritis (OA). Hence, the 3D alginate-collagen IPN constructs hold significant potential for in vitro replicating PCM stiffness changes observed in OA cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genlai Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Quanyou Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ruyi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Zhang X, Bai L, Zhou J, Gao H, Chen Q, Cui W, Yang X, Hao Y. Injectable microspheres adhering to the cartilage matrix promote rapid reconstruction of partial-thickness cartilage defects. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:220-233. [PMID: 38554890 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
An effective treatment for the irregular partial-thickness cartilage defect in the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) is lacking. Cartilage tissue engineering is effective for treating full-thickness cartilage defects with limited area. In this study, we designed an injectable multifunctional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere to repair partial-thickness cartilage defects. The microsphere was grafted with an E7 peptide after loading the microsphere with kartogenin (KGN) and modifying the outer layer through dopamine self-polymerization. The microsphere could adhere to the cartilage defect, recruit synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) in situ, and stimulate their differentiation into chondrocytes after injection into the articular cavity. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrated the ability of multifunctional microspheres to adhere to cartilage matrix, recruit SMSCs, and promote their differentiation into cartilage. Following treatment, the cartilage surface of the model group with partial-thickness cartilage defect showed smooth recovery, and the glycosaminoglycan content remained normal; the untreated control group showed significant progression of OA. The microsphere, a framework for cartilage tissue engineering, promoted the expression of SMSCs involved in cartilage repair while adapting to cell migration and growth. Thus, for treating partial-thickness cartilage defects in OA, this innovative carrier system based on stem cell therapy can potentially improve therapeutic outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is effective in the repair of cartilage injury. However, because of the particularity of partial-thickness cartilage injury, it is difficult to recruit enough seed cells in situ, and there is a lack of suitable scaffolds for cell migration and growth. Here, we developed polydopamine surface-modified PLGA microspheres (PMS) containing KGN and E7 peptides. The adhesion ability of the microspheres is facilitated by the polydopamine layer wrapped in them; thus, the microspheres can adhere to the injured cartilage and recruit MSCs, thereby promoting their differentiation into chondrocytes and accomplishing cartilage repair. The multifunctional microspheres can be used as a safe and potential method to treat partial-thickness cartilage defects in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 458 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 458 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 458 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 458 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 458 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 458 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 458 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Ma Y, Lin Q, Yang W, Liu Y, Xing Y, Ren Z, Wang X, Zhou R, Wu G, Li P, Duan W, Zhang X, Wei X. High-Speed Centrifugation Efficiently Removes Immunogenic Elements in Osteochondral Allografts. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:675-686. [PMID: 38238250 PMCID: PMC10925494 DOI: 10.1111/os.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current clinical pulse lavage technique for flushing fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to remove immunogenic elements from the subchondral bone is ineffective. This study aimed to identify the optimal method for removing immunogenic elements from OCAs. METHODS We examined five methods for the physical removal of immunogenic elements from OCAs from the femoral condyle of porcine knees. We distributed the OCAs randomly into the following seven groups: (1) control, (2) saline, (3) ultrasound, (4) vortex vibration (VV), (5) low-pulse lavage (LPL), (6) high-pulse lavage (HPL), and (7) high-speed centrifugation (HSC). OCAs were evaluated using weight measurement, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), macroscopic and histological evaluation, DNA quantification, and chondrocyte activity testing. Additionally, the subchondral bone was zoned to assess the bone marrow and nucleated cell contents. One-way ANOVA and paired two-tailed Student's t-test are used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Histological evaluation and DNA quantification showed no significant reduction in marrow elements compared to the control group after the OCAs were treated with saline, ultrasound, or VV treatments; however, there was a significant reduction in marrow elements after LPL, HPL, and HSC treatments. Furthermore, HSC more effectively reduced the marrow elements of OCAs in the middle and deep zones compared with LPL (p < 0.0001) and HPL (p < 0.0001). Macroscopic evaluation revealed a significant reduction in blood, lipid, and marrow elements in the subchondral bone after HSC. Micro-CT, histological analyses, and chondrocyte viability results showed that HSC did not damage the subchondral bone and cartilage; however, LPL and HPL may damage the subchondral bone. CONCLUSION HSC may play an important role in decreasing immunogenicity and therefore potentially increasing the success of OCA transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ma
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Qitai Lin
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Wenming Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Yugang Xing
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Raorao Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Gaige Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Wangping Duan
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryXin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
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Itha R, Vaishya R, Vaish A, Migliorini F. Management of chondral and osteochondral lesions of the hip : A comprehensive review. ORTHOPADIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 53:23-38. [PMID: 37815635 PMCID: PMC10781822 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Chondral and osteochondral lesions encompass several acute or chronic defects of the articular cartilage and/or subchondral bone. These lesions can result from several different diseases and injuries, including osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral defects, osteochondral fractures, subchondral bone osteonecrosis, and insufficiency fractures. As the cartilage has a low capacity for regeneration and self-repair, these lesions can progress to osteoarthritis. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the subject matter that it covers. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were accessed using the following keywords: "chondral lesions/defects of the femoral head", "chondral/cartilage lesions/defects of the acetabulum", "chondral/cartilage lesions/defects of the hip", "osteochondral lesions of the femoral head", "osteochondral lesions of the acetabulum", "osteochondral lesions of the hip", "osteochondritis dissecans," "early osteoarthritis of the hip," and "early stage avascular necrosis". Hip osteochondral injuries can cause significant damage to the articular surface and diminish the quality of life. It can be difficult to treat such injuries, especially in patients who are young and active. Several methods are used to treat chondral and osteochondral injuries of the hip, such as mesenchymal stem cells and cell-based treatment, surgical repair, and microfractures. Realignment of bony anatomy may also be necessary for optimal outcomes. Despite several treatments being successful, there is a lack of head-to-head comparisons and large sample size studies in the current literature. Additional research will be required to provide appropriate clinical recommendations for treating chondral/osteochondral injuries of the hip joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Itha
- Department of Orthopaedics, ESIC Model Hospital, 201307, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, 110076, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Vaish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, 110076, New Delhi, India
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Medical Center of Aachen, 52064, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Balta O, Kurnaz R. Applying additional autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix or serial platelet-rich plasma to microfracture technique increases the quality of the repaired cartilage. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:6113-6124. [PMID: 37932535 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the effects of biological adjuvants (platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin matrix) and microfracture technique individually and in combination on full thickness chondral defects in a rabbit model. METHODS A total of 60 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into six groups according to treatment modality as follows: control (C), microfracture (MF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM), platelet-rich fibrin matrix after microfracture (MF + PRFM) and platelet-rich plasma after microfracture (MF + PRP) groups. The cartilage repair tissue was assessed histologically via International Cartilage Repair Score (ICRS) and macroscopically via ICRS macroscopic assessment scale. RESULTS It was shown that overall macroscopic scores of the groups with MF were higher than those of the groups without MF. The cell morphology observed in the defect areas was mostly characterized with non-chondrocyte cells in the groups without MF, whereas chondrocyte cells mostly prevailed in the groups with MF. There was a greater integration through the cartilage-like tissue in the MF + PRP and MF + PRFM groups. The control group showed either fissures or fissures partially filled with fibrous tissue. When the groups were individually examined, there were statistically significant differences between the control and MF groups (p = 0.002), between the control and MF + PRFM groups (p = 0.001), between the control and MF + PRP groups (p < 0.001), between the PRFM and MF + PRFM groups (p = 0.014) and between the PRFM and MF + PRP (p = 0.023) groups in terms of histological evaluation scores. CONCLUSION The application of PRP and PRFM in combination with MF treatment exhibited a positive impact on the repair and restoration of cartilage, and produced better outcomes than the individual use of PRP and PRFM. Nevertheless, in the treatment of full thickness chondral defects, the use of PRFM injection is recommended, which is performed intraoperatively at a single time and with no difficulty of repeating after surgery, instead of serial PRP injections based on the macroscopic and histological results obtained in the present study indicating that there was no significant difference between the use of these two adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Balta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gaziosmanpasa University Hospital, Kaleardı District Muhittin Fisunoglu Street, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Recep Kurnaz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Acıbadem State Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Fackler NP, Donahue RP, Bielajew BJ, Amirhekmat A, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA, Wang D. Characterization of the Age-Related Differences in Porcine Acetabulum and Femoral Head Articular Cartilage. Cartilage 2023:19476035231214724. [PMID: 38018451 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231214724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of porcine animal models for cartilage injury has increased recently due to their similarity with humans with regard to cartilage thickness, limited intrinsic healing of chondral defects, and joint loading biomechanics. However, variations in the mechanical and biochemical properties of porcine hip articular cartilage among various tissue ages and weightbearing (WB) regions are still unknown. This study's aim was to characterize the mechanical and biochemical properties of porcine hip articular cartilage across various ages and WB regions. METHODS Articular cartilage explants were harvested from WB and non-weightbearing (NWB) surfaces of the femoral head and acetabulum of domesticated pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) at fetal (gestational age: 80 days), juvenile (6 months), and adult (2 years) ages. Explants underwent compressive stress-relaxation mechanical testing, biochemical analysis for total collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and histological staining. RESULTS Juvenile animals consistently had the highest mechanical properties, with 2.2- to 7.6-time increases in relaxation modulus, 1.3- to 2.3-time increases in instantaneous modulus, and 4.1- to 14.2-time increases in viscosity compared with fetal cartilage. Mechanical properties did not significantly differ between the WB and NWB regions. Collagen content was highest in the NWB regions of the juvenile acetabulum (65.3%/dry weight [DW]) and femoral head (75.4%/DW) cartilages. GAG content was highest in the WB region of the juvenile acetabulum (23.7%/DW) and the WB region of the fetal femoral head (27.5%/DW) cartilages. Histological staining for GAG and total collagen content followed the trends from the quantitative biochemical assays. CONCLUSION This study provides a benchmark for the development and validation of preclinical porcine models for hip cartilage pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Fackler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan P Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bielajew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Arya Amirhekmat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dean Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Zhang Z, Wang R, Xue H, Knoedler S, Geng Y, Liao Y, Alfertshofer M, Panayi AC, Ming J, Mi B, Liu G. Phototherapy techniques for the management of musculoskeletal disorders: strategies and recent advances. Biomater Res 2023; 27:123. [PMID: 38017585 PMCID: PMC10685661 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which include a range of pathologies affecting bones, cartilage, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, account for a significant portion of the global burden of disease. While pharmaceutical and surgical interventions represent conventional approaches for treating MSDs, their efficacy is constrained and frequently accompanied by adverse reactions. Considering the rising incidence of MSDs, there is an urgent demand for effective treatment modalities to alter the current landscape. Phototherapy, as a controllable and non-invasive technique, has been shown to directly regulate bone, cartilage, and muscle regeneration by modulating cellular behavior. Moreover, phototherapy presents controlled ablation of tumor cells, bacteria, and aberrantly activated inflammatory cells, demonstrating therapeutic potential in conditions such as bone tumors, bone infection, and arthritis. By constructing light-responsive nanosystems, controlled drug delivery can be achieved to enable precise treatment of MSDs. Notably, various phototherapy nanoplatforms with integrated imaging capabilities have been utilized for early diagnosis, guided therapy, and prognostic assessment of MSDs, further improving the management of these disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies and recent advances in the application of phototherapy for the treatment of MSDs, discusses the challenges and prospects of phototherapy, and aims to promote further research and application of phototherapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yongtao Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Michael Alfertshofer
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Rhine, Germany
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Thomas V, Mercuri J. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of naturally derived scaffolds for cartilage repair and regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:1-18. [PMID: 37708926 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically present bioactive cues allow naturally derived materials to mimic important characteristics of cartilage while also facilitating cellular recruitment, infiltration, and differentiation. Such traits are often what tissue engineers desire when they fabricate scaffolds, and yet, literature from the past decade is replete with examples of how most natural constructs with native biomolecules have only offered sub-optimal results in the treatment of cartilage defects. This paper provides an in-depth investigation of the performance of such scaffolds through a review of a collection of natural materials that have been used so far in repairing/regenerating articular cartilage. Although in vivo and clinical studies are the best indicators of scaffold efficacy, it was, however, observed that a large number of natural constructs had very promising scaffold characteristics to begin with, and would often show good in vitro/in vivo results. Finally, an examination of the biochemistry and biomechanics of repair tissues in studies that reported positive outcomes showed that these attributes often approached target cartilage values. The paper concludes with an outline of current trends as well as future directions for the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review offers an exclusive focus on natural scaffold materials for cartilage repair and regeneration and provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of their performance under a variety of in vitro and in vivo conditions. Readers can learn about environments where natural scaffolds have had the most success and tailor strategies to optimize their own work. Furthermore, given how the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) to hydroxyproline (HYP) ratio and moduli are fundamental attributes of hyaline cartilage, this paper adds to the body of knowledge by exploring how these characteristics reflect in preclinical outcomes. Such perspectives can greatly aid researchers better utilize natural materials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (CTE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Thomas
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, 401-5 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Jeremy Mercuri
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, 401-5 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.
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10
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Boháč M, Ivanišová D, Strečanská M, Sekeľová T, Niko Fereje B, Smolinská V, Varchulová Nováková Z, Kuniaková M, Čeháková M, Čulenová M, Bernátová S, Mazreku M, Bevízová K, Nicodemou A, Zamborský R, Danišovič Ľ. Comparative Analysis of Somatic Stem Cells With Emphasis on Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S299-S307. [PMID: 37888973 PMCID: PMC10669954 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies, diseases, and injuries may result in osteochondral damage. Recently, a big hope has been given to somatic stem cells (SSCs) which are characterized as undifferentiated cells with an ability of long-term self-renewing and plasticity. They are adherent with a fibroblast-like morphology in vitro and express various surface markers (e.g. CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105), but they are negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. SSCs secrete various bioactive molecules, which are involved in processes of regeneration. The main goal of the present study was the characterization and comparison of biological properties of SSCs obtained from adipose tissue, dental pulp, and urine concerning osteochondral regeneration. SSCs were maintained in an appropriate growth medium up to the third passage and were analyzed by light and electron microscope. The immunophenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. The kinetics of proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Human Cytokine/Chemokine Multiplex Assay was used, and SSCs secretory profile was measured by Luminex MAGPIX® Instrument. Pellet cultures and a chondrogenic medium were used to induce chondrogenic differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was induced by the osteogenic medium. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by real-time PCR. SSCs had similar fibroblast-like morphology. They have similar kinetics of proliferation. SSCs shared the expression CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105. They lack expression of CD29 and CD34. SSCs secerned similar levels of IL10 and IL18 while differing in IFN-gamma, IL6, IL8, MCP-1, and RANTES production. SSCs possess a similar capacity for chondrogenic differentiation but slightly differ in osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, it can be emphasized that SSCs from adipose tissue, dental pulp, and urine share the majority of cellular characteristics typical for SSCs and have great potential to be used in osteochondral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boháč
- Regenmed Ltd., Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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11
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Zhang Z, Mu Y, Zhou H, Yao H, Wang DA. Cartilage Tissue Engineering in Practice: Preclinical Trials, Clinical Applications, and Prospects. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:473-490. [PMID: 36964757 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects significantly compromise the quality of life in the global population. Although many strategies are needed to repair articular cartilage, including microfracture, autologous osteochondral transplantation, and osteochondral allograft, the therapeutic effects remain suboptimal. In recent years, with the development of cartilage tissue engineering, scientists have continuously improved the formulations of therapeutic cells, biomaterial-based scaffolds, and biological factors, which have opened new avenues for better therapeutics of cartilage lesions. This review focuses on advances in cartilage tissue engineering, particularly in preclinical trials and clinical applications, prospects, and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yulei Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Huiqun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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12
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Filho JPAG, Sousa EBD. Treatment of Chondral Lesions in the Knee. Rev Bras Ortop 2023; 58:e551-e556. [PMID: 37663186 PMCID: PMC10468252 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries are common and lead to early joint deterioration and osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage repair techniques aim at forming a cartilaginous neo-tissue to support the articular load and prevent progressive degeneration. Several techniques are available for this purpose, such as microfracture and chondrocyte transplantation. However, the procedural outcome is often fibrocartilage, which does not have the same mechanical resistance as cartilaginous tissue. Procedures with autologous osteochondral graft have a morbidity risk, and tissue availability limits their use. As such, larger lesions undergo osteochondral transplantation using fresh or frozen grafts. New techniques using minced or particulate cartilage fragments or mesenchymal stem cells are promising. This paper aims to update the procedures for treating chondral lesions of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Paulo Aramburu Gabbi Filho
- Médico Ortopedista e Traumatologista, Serviço de Traumato-Ortopedia, Hospital Central da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Médico Ortopedista e Traumatologista, Serviço de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Hospital Quinta D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Branco de Sousa
- Ortopedista e Traumatologista, Centro de Cirurgia do Joelho, Divisão de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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13
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Ouyang Z, Dong L, Yao F, Wang K, Chen Y, Li S, Zhou R, Zhao Y, Hu W. Cartilage-Related Collagens in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9841. [PMID: 37372989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagens serve essential mechanical functions throughout the body, particularly in the connective tissues. In articular cartilage, collagens provide most of the biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix essential for its function. Collagen plays a very important role in maintaining the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and the stability of the ECM. Noteworthily, many pathogenic factors in the course of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, such as mechanical injury, inflammation, and senescence, are involved in the irreversible degradation of collagen, leading to the progressive destruction of cartilage. The degradation of collagen can generate new biochemical markers with the ability to monitor disease progression and facilitate drug development. In addition, collagen can also be used as a biomaterial with excellent properties such as low immunogenicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. This review not only provides a systematic description of collagen and analyzes the structural characteristics of articular cartilage and the mechanisms of cartilage damage in disease states but also provides a detailed characterization of the biomarkers of collagen production and the role of collagen in cartilage repair, providing ideas and techniques for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
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14
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Kim B, Bouklas N, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. Instabilities induced by mechanical loading determine the viability of chondrocytes grown on porous scaffolds. J Biomech 2023; 152:111591. [PMID: 37088031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered cartilage constructs have shown promise to treat focal cartilage defects in multiple clinical studies. Notably, products in clinical use or in late-stage clinical trials often utilize porous collagen scaffolds to provide mechanical support and attachment sites for chondrocytes. Under loading, both the local mechanical responses of collagen scaffolds and the corresponding cellular outcomes are poorly understood, despite their wide use. As such, the architecture of collagen scaffolds varies significantly among tissue-engineered cartilage products, but the effects of such architectures on construct mechanics and cell viability are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of local mechanical responses of collagen scaffolds on chondrocyte viability in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs. We utilized fast confocal microscopy combined with a strain mapping technique to analyze the architecture-dependent instabilities under quasi-static loading and subsequent chondrocyte death in honeycomb and sponge scaffolds. More specifically, we compared the isotropic and the orthotropic planes for each type of collagen scaffold. Under compression, both planes exhibited elastic, buckled, and densified deformation modes. In both loading directions, cell death was minimal in regions that experienced elastic deformation mode and a trend of increase in buckled mode. More interestingly, we saw a significant increase in cell death in densified mode. Overall, this study suggests that local instabilities are directly correlated to chondrocyte death in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs, highlighting the importance of understanding the architecture-dependent local mechanical responses under loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byumsu Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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15
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Arhebamen EP, Teodoro MT, Blonka AB, Matthew HWT. Long-Term Culture Performance of a Polyelectrolyte Complex Microcapsule Platform for Hyaline Cartilage Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040467. [PMID: 37106654 PMCID: PMC10135885 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) tissue repair and regeneration remains an ongoing challenge. One component of the challenge is the limited ability to scale an engineered cartilage graft to clinically relevant sizes while maintaining uniform properties. In this paper, we report on the evaluation of our polyelectrolyte complex microcapsule (PECM) platform technology as a technique for generating cartilage-like spherical modules. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) or primary articular chondrocytes were encapsulated within PECMs composed of methacrylated hyaluronan, collagen I, and chitosan. The formation of cartilage-like tissue in the PECMs over a 90-day culture was characterized. The results showed that chondrocytes exhibited superior growth and matrix deposition compared to either chondrogenically-induced bMSCs or a mixed PECM culture containing both chondrocytes and bMSCs. The chondrocyte-generated matrix filled the PECM and produced substantial increases in capsule compressive strength. The PECM system thus appears to support intracapsular cartilage tissue formation and the capsule approach promotes efficient culture and handling of these micro tissues. Since previous studies have proven the feasibility of fusing such capsules into large tissue constructs, the results suggest that encapsulating primary chondrocytes in PECM modules may be a viable route toward achieving a functional articular cartilage graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehinor P Arhebamen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Maria T Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Amelia B Blonka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Howard W T Matthew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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16
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Meng S, Tang C, Deng M, Yuan J, Fan Y, Gao S, Feng Y, Yang J, Chen C. Tropoelastin-Pretreated Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve the Synthesis of Cartilage Matrix and Alleviate Osteoarthritis. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040203. [PMID: 37103293 PMCID: PMC10143921 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been widely used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Our prior research shows that tropoelastin (TE) increases MSC activity and protects knee cartilage from OA-related degradation. The underlying mechanism might be that TE regulates the paracrine of MSCs. Exosomes (Exos), the paracrine secretion of MSCs, have been found to protect chondrocytes, reduce inflammation, and preserve the cartilage matrix. In this study, we used Exos derived from TE-pretreated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (TE-ExoADSCs) as an injection medium, and compared it with Exos derived from unpretreated ADSCs (ExoADSCs). We found that TE-ExoADSCs could effectively enhance the matrix synthesis of chondrocytes in vitro. Moreover, TE pretreatment increased the ability of ADSCs to secrete Exos. In addition, compared with ExoADSCs, TE-ExoADSCs exhibited therapeutic effects in the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA model. Further, we observed that TE altered the microRNA expression in ExoADSCs and identified one differentially upregulated microRNA: miR-451-5p. In conclusion, TE-ExoADSCs helped maintain the chondrocyte phenotype in vitro, and promoted cartilage repair in vivo. These therapeutic effects might be related with the altered expression of miR-451-5p in the ExoADSCs. Thus, the intra-articular delivery of Exos derived from ADSCs with TE pretreatment could be a new approach to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Meng
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cong Tang
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Muhai Deng
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanli Fan
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shasha Gao
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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17
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Yuan X, Wan J, Yang Y, Huang L, Zhou C, Su J, Hua S, Pu H, Zou Y, Zhu H, Jiang X, Xiao J. Thermosensitive hydrogel for cartilage regeneration via synergistic delivery of SDF-1α like polypeptides and kartogenin. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120492. [PMID: 36641179 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of injured articular cartilage is limited by low early-stage recruitment of stem cells and insufficient chondrogenic differentiation. Hydrogels are widely used to repair cartilage because they have excellent mechanical and biological properties. In this study, a dual drug-loaded thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel (HPCH) system was prepared to release stromal-derived factor-1α-like polypeptides (SDFP) and kartogenin (KGN) for stem-cell recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation. The hydrogel had a network structure that promoted cell growth and nutrient exchange. Moreover, it was temperature sensitive and suitable for filling irregular defects. The system showed good biocompatibility in vitro and promoted stem-cell recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, it reduced chondrocyte catabolism under inflammatory conditions. Animal experiments demonstrated that the dual-drug hydrogel systems can promote the regeneration of articular cartilage in rats. This study confirmed that an HPCH system loaded with KGN and SDFP could effectively repair articular cartilage defects and represents a viable treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junlai Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuankun Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuaibin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongxu Pu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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18
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Zhou Z, Zheng J, Meng X, Wang F. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Articular Cartilage Regeneration with a Focus on Piezoelectric Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Tissue Repair and Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031836. [PMID: 36768157 PMCID: PMC9915254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that chondrocytes within articular cartilage are affected by endogenous force-related electrical potentials. Furthermore, electrical stimulation (ES) promotes the proliferation of chondrocytes and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, which accelerate the healing of cartilage defects. These findings suggest the potential application of ES in cartilage repair. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of articular cartilage injuries and the current clinical strategies for the treatment of articular cartilage injuries. We then focus on the application of ES in the repair of articular cartilage in vivo. The ES-induced chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its potential regulatory mechanism are discussed in detail. In addition, we discuss the potential of applying piezoelectric materials in the process of constructing engineering articular cartilage, highlighting the important advances in the unique field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingtong Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9486 (X.M. & F.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9486 (X.M. & F.W.)
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19
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Gao J, Xu X, Yu X, Fu Y, Zhang H, Gu S, Cao D, Guo Q, Xu L, Ding J. Quantitatively relating magnetic resonance T1 and T2 to glycosaminoglycan and collagen concentrations mediated by penetrated contrast agents and biomacromolecule-bound water. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad035. [PMID: 37206162 PMCID: PMC10191676 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising non-invasive method to assess cartilage regeneration based on the quantitative relationship between MRI features and concentrations of the major components in the extracellular matrix (ECM). To this end, in vitro experiments are performed to investigate the relationship and reveal the underlying mechanism. A series of collagen (COL) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) solutions at different concentrations are prepared, and T1 and T2 relaxation times are measured with or without a contrast agent (Gd-DTPA2-) by MRI. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry is also used to measure the contents of biomacromolecule-bound water and other water, allowing theoretical derivation of the relationship between biomacromolecules and the resulting T2 values. It has been revealed that the MRI signal in the biomacromolecule aqueous systems is mainly influenced by the protons in hydrogens of biomacromolecule-bound water, which we divide into inner-bound water and outer-bound water. We have also found that COL results in higher sensitivity of bound water than GAG in T2 mapping. Owing to the charge effect, GAG regulates the penetration of the contrast agent during dialysis and has a more significant effect on T1 values than COL. Considering that COL and GAG are the most abundant biomacromolecules in the cartilage, this study is particularly useful for the real-time MRI-guided assessment of cartilage regeneration. A clinical case is reported as an in vivo demonstration, which is consistent with our in vitro results. The established quantitative relation plays a critical academic role in establishing an international standard ISO/TS24560-1:2022 'Clinical evaluation of regenerative knee articular cartilage using delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 mapping' drafted by us and approved by International Standard Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xian Xu
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (X.X.); (J.D.)
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Siyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dinglingge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Institute for Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Nischith DS, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Khanna M. PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on Osteoarthritis of Knee Managed with Allogeneic vs Autologous MSCs: Efficacy and Safety Analysis. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:2042-2059. [PMID: 36507199 PMCID: PMC9705690 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-022-00751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Meta-analysis. Objectives Our objective is to review the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have been conducted previously on the topic of osteoarthritis of the knee to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of autologous and allogeneic sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Materials and methods We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until August 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) analysing the efficacy and safety of autologous and allogeneic sources of MSCs in the management of knee osteoarthritis. These searches were conducted independently and in duplicate. The outcomes that were taken into consideration for analysis were the visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Lysholm score, and adverse events. The OpenMeta [Analyst] software was utilised to carry out the analysis in the R platform. Results In total, 21 studies with a total of 936 patients were considered for this analysis. Because none of the studies made a direct comparison of the autologous and allogeneic sources of MSCs, we pooled the results of all of the included studies of both sources and made a comparative analysis of how the two types of MSCs fared in their respective applications. Although both allogeneic and autologous sources of MSCs demonstrated significantly better VAS improvement after 6 months (p = 0.006, p = 0.001), this trend was not maintained after 1 year for the allogeneic source (p = 0.171, p = 0.027). When compared to their respective controls based on WOMAC scores after 1 year, autologous sources (p = 0.016) of MSCs performed better than allogeneic sources (p = 0.186).A similar response was noted between the sources at 2 years in their Lysholm scores (p = 0.682, p = 0.017), respectively. Moreover, allogeneic sources (p = 0.039) of MSCs produced significant adverse events than autologous sources (p = 0.556) compared to their controls. Conclusion Our analysis of literature showed that autologous sources of MSCs stand superior to allogeneic sources of MSC with regard to their consistent efficacy for pain, functional outcomes, and safety. However, we strongly recommend that further studies be conducted that are of a high enough quality to validate our findings and reach a consensus on the best source of MSCs for use in cellular therapy treatments for knee osteoarthritis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-022-00751-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. S. Nischith
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Fellow in Joint Replacement, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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21
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Biologic principles of minced cartilage implantation: a narrative review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 143:3259-3269. [PMID: 36385655 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue has a very limited ability to regenerate. Symptomatic cartilage lesions are currently treated by various cartilage repair techniques. Multiple treatment techniques have been proposed in the last 30 years. Nevertheless, no single technique is accepted as a gold standard. Minced cartilage implantation is a newer technique that has garnered increasing attention. This procedure is attractive because it is autologous, can be performed in a single surgery, and is therefore given it is cost-effective. This narrative review provides an overview of the biological potential of current cartilage regenerative repair techniques with a focus on the translational evidence of minced cartilage implantation.
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Zhao Z, Li J, Bai X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Lv N, Gao H, Guo Z, Zhu H, Guo Q, Li Z. Microfracture Augmentation With Direct In Situ Radial Shockwave Stimulation With Appropriate Energy Has Comparable Repair Performance With Tissue Engineering in the Porcine Osteochondral Defect Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3660-3670. [PMID: 36190157 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221125936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first-line clinical strategy for small cartilage/osteochondral defects is microfracture (MF). However, its repair efficacy needs improvement. HYPOTHESIS Appropriate energy radial shockwave stimulation in MF holes would greatly improve repair efficacy in the porcine osteochondral defect model, and it may obtain comparable performance with common tissue engineering techniques. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral defect models (8-mm diameter, 3-mm depth) were established in the weightbearing area of Bama pigs' medial femoral condyles. In total, 25 minipigs were randomly divided into 5 groups: control (Con; without treatment), MF, MF augmentation (MF+; treated with appropriate energy radial shockwave stimulation in MF holes after MF), tissue engineering (TE; treated with compounds of microcarrier and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells), and sham (as the positive control). After 3 months of intervention, osteochondral specimens were harvested for macroscopic, radiological, biomechanical, and histological evaluations. The statistical data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Based on the macroscopic appearance, the smoothness and integration of the repaired tissue in the MF+ group were improved when compared with the Con and MF groups. The histological staining suggested more abundant cartilaginous matrix deposition in the MF+ group versus the Con and MF groups. The general scores of the macroscopic and histological appearances were comparable in the MF+ and the TE groups. The high signal areas of the osteochondral unit in the magnetic resonance images were significantly decreased in the MF+ group, with no difference with the TE group. The micro-computed tomography data demonstrated the safety of direct in situ radial shockwave performance. Biomechanical tests revealed that the repaired tissue's Young modulus was highest in the MF+ group and not statistically different from that in the TE group. CONCLUSION Direct in situ radial shockwave stimulation with appropriate energy significantly improves the short-term repair efficacy of MF. More encouragingly, the MF+ group in our study obtained repair performance comparable with the TE therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This strategy is easy to perform and can readily be generalized with safety and higher cartilage repair efficacy. Moreover, it is expected to be accomplished under arthroscopy, indicating tremendous clinical transformative value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ningyu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huayi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Towards Clinical Translation of In Situ Cartilage Engineering Strategies: Optimizing the Critical Facets of a Cell-Laden Hydrogel Therapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 20:25-47. [PMID: 36244053 PMCID: PMC9852400 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage repair using implantable photocrosslinkable hydrogels laden with chondrogenic cells, represents a promising in situ cartilage engineering approach for surgical treatment. The development of a surgical procedure requires a minimal viable product optimized for the clinical scenario. In our previous work we demonstrated how gelatin based photocrosslinkable hydrogels in combination with infrapatellar derived stem cells allow the production of neocartilage in vitro. In this study, we aim to optimize the critical facets of the in situ cartilage engineering therapy: the cell source, the cell isolation methodology, the cell expansion protocol, the cell number, and the delivery approach. METHODS We evaluated the impact of the critical facets of the cell-laden hydrogel therapy in vitro to define an optimized protocol that was then used in a rabbit model of cartilage repair. We performed cells counting and immunophenotype analyses, chondrogenic potential evaluation via immunostaining and gene expression, extrusion test analysis of the photocrosslinkable hydrogel, and clinical assessment of cartilage repair using macroscopic and microscopic scores. RESULTS We identified the adipose derived stem cells as the most chondrogenic cells source within the knee joint. We then devised a minimally manipulated stem cell isolation procedure that allows a chondrogenic population to be obtained in only 85 minutes. We found that cell expansion prior to chondrogenesis can be reduced to 5 days after the isolation procedure. We characterized that at least 5 million of cells/ml is needed in the photocrosslinkable hydrogel to successfully trigger the production of neocartilage. The maximum repairable defect was calculated based on the correlation between the number of cells retrievable with the rapid isolation followed by 5-day non-passaged expansion phase, and the minimum chondrogenic concentration in photocrosslinkable hydrogel. We next optimized the delivery parameters of the cell-laden hydrogel therapy. Finally, using the optimized procedure for in situ tissue engineering, we scored superior cartilage repair when compared to the gold standard microfracture approach. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the possibility to repair a critical size articular cartilage defect by means of a surgical streamlined procedure with optimized conditions.
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The Effect of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Cartilage Repair in Rabbits. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5760107. [PMID: 36117721 PMCID: PMC9477595 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5760107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown chondroprotective effects in cartilage repair. However, side effects caused by MSC treatment limit their application in clinic. As a cell-free therapy, MSC-derived exosomes (EXOs) have attracted much more attention in recent years. In the present study, we prepared EXOs from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and examined their therapeutic potentials in cartilage repair. Our results showed that the prepared extracellular vesicles exhibit classical features of EXOs, such as cup-like shape, around 100 nm diameter, positive protein markers (CD81, TSG101, and Flotillin 1), and ability of internalization. In primary chondrocytes, the treatment of hBMSC-EXOs markedly increases cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, wound healing assay showed that hBMSC-EXOs accelerate cell migration in primary chondrocytes. JC-1 staining revealed that the mitochondrial membrane potential was enhanced by hBMSC-EXOs, indicating cell apoptosis was decreased in the presence of hBMSC-EXOs. In rabbits with articular cartilage defects, local administration with hBMSC-EXOs facilitates cartilage regeneration as evidenced by gross view and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Saf-O/Fast Green staining. In addition, the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score was increased by the application of hBMSC-EXOs. Overall, our data indicate that the treatment with hBMSC-EXOs is a suitable cell-free therapy for treating cartilage defects, and these benefits are likely due to improved cell proliferation and migration in chondrocytes.
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25
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Bosch BM, Bosch-Rue E, Perpiñan-Blasco M, Perez RA. Design of functional biomaterials as substrates for corneal endothelium tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac052. [PMID: 35958516 PMCID: PMC9362998 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelium defects are one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The actual treatment is transplantation, which requires the use of human cadaveric donors, but it faces several problems, such as global shortage of donors. Therefore, new alternatives are being developed and, among them, cell therapy has gained interest in the last years due to its promising results in tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, the direct administration of cells may sometimes have limited success due to the immune response, hence requiring the combination with extracellular mimicking materials. In this review, we present different methods to obtain corneal endothelial cells from diverse cell sources such as pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Moreover, we discuss different substrates in order to allow a correct implantation as a cell sheet and to promote an enhanced cell behavior. For this reason, natural or synthetic matrixes that mimic the native environment have been developed. These matrixes have been optimized in terms of their physicochemical properties, such as stiffness, topography, composition and transparency. To further enhance the matrixes properties, these can be tuned by incorporating certain molecules that can be delivered in a sustained manner in order to enhance biological behavior. Finally, we elucidate future directions for corneal endothelial regeneration, such as 3D printing, in order to obtain patient-specific substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begona M Bosch
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), , Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08195, Spain
| | - Elia Bosch-Rue
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), , Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08195, Spain
| | - Marina Perpiñan-Blasco
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), , Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08195, Spain
| | - Roman A Perez
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), , Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08195, Spain
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26
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Advances in nanoenabled 3D matrices for cartilage repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:1-21. [PMID: 35902038 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage repair strategies are evolving at a fast pace with technology development. Matrices that offer multifaceted functions and a full adaption to the cartilage defect are of pivotal interest. Current cartilage repair strategies face numerous challenges, mostly related to the development of highly biomimetic materials, non-invasive injectable solutions, and adequate degradation rates. These strategies often fail due to feeble mechanical properties, the inability to sustain cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation or by underestimating other players of cartilage degeneration, such as the installed pro-inflammatory microenvironment. The integration of nanomaterials (NMs) into 3D scaffolds, hydrogels and bioinks hold great potential in the improvement of key features of materials that are currently applied in cartilage tissue engineering strategies. NMs offer a high surface to volume ratio and their multiple applications can be explored to enhance cartilage mechanical properties, biocompatibility, cell differentiation, inflammation modulation, infection prevention and even to function as diagnostic tools or as stimuli-responsive cues in these 3D structures. In this review, we have critically reviewed the latest advances in the development of nanoenabled 3D matrices - enhanced by means of NMs - in the context of cartilage regeneration. We have provided a wide perspective of the synergistic effect of combining 3D strategies with NMs, with emphasis on the benefits brought by NMs in achieving functional and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cartilage is one of the most challenging tissues to treat owing to its limited self-regeneration potential. Novel strategies using nanoenabled 3D matrices have emerged from the need to design more efficient solutions for cartilage repair, that take into consideration its unique mechanical properties and can direct specific cell behaviours. Here we aim to provide a comprehensive review on the synergistic effects of 3D matrices nanoenrichment in the context of cartilage regeneration, with emphasis on the heightening brought by nanomaterials in achieving functional and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. We anticipate this review to provide a wide perspective on the past years' research on the field, demonstrating the great potential of these approaches in the treatment and diagnosis of cartilage-related disorders.
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27
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Liao H, Tu Q, Kang Y, Mao G, Li Z, Hu S, Sheng P, Wang X, Xu Y, Long D, Xu Y, Kang Y, Zhang Z. CircNFIX
regulates chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis by targeting the
miR758
‐3p/
KDM6A
axis. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13302. [PMID: 35791460 PMCID: PMC9628241 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease causing the progressive destruction of articular cartilage; however, the aetiology has not yet been elucidated. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reportedly involved in cartilage degeneration and OA development. In the present study, we identified that circNFIX regulates chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis. Materials and Methods Microarray analysis was performed to explore circRNA expression during the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose‐drived stem cells (hADSCs). CircNFIX expression was determined using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays were performed to validate the role of circNFIX in cartilage homeostasis. RNA pull‐down, Argonaute2‐RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the interactions among circNFIX, miR758‐3p and KDM6A. Results CircNFIX expression was upregulated in the early and middle stages, whereas downregulated in the late stage of hADSC chondrogenesis. CircNFIX inhibition attenuated hADSC chondrogenesis. CircNFIX was remarkably downregulated in OA samples, circNFIX overexpression protected against chondrocyte degradation and alleviated OA progression in the destabilization of the medial meniscus OA model. Mechanistically, circNFIX acted as a sponge of miR758‐3p and played a role in the chondrogenesis and chondrocyte degeneration by targeting the miR‐758‐3p/KDM6A axis. Conclusions Our results revealed a key role of circNFIX in chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qingqiang Tu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yunze Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Guping Mao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shu Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yiyang Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Dianbo Long
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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Neural Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhanced by Biocompatible Chitosan-Gold Nanocomposites. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121861. [PMID: 35740991 PMCID: PMC9221394 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (Chi) is a natural polymer that has been demonstrated to have potential as a promoter of neural regeneration. In this study, Chi was prepared with various amounts (25, 50, and 100 ppm) of gold (Au) nanoparticles for use in in vitro and in vivo assessments. Each as-prepared material was first characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Through the in vitro experiments, Chi combined with 50 ppm of Au nanoparticles demonstrated better biocompatibility. The platelet activation, monocyte conversion, and intracellular ROS generation was remarkably decreased by Chi–Au 50 pm treatment. Furthermore, Chi–Au 50 ppm could facilitate colony formation and strengthen matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The lower expression of CD44 in Chi–Au 50 ppm treatment demonstrated that the nanocomposites could enhance the MSCs undergoing differentiation. Chi–Au 50 ppm was discovered to significantly induce the expression of GFAP, β-Tubulin, and nestin protein in MSCs for neural differentiation, which was verified by real-time PCR analysis and immunostaining assays. Additionally, a rat model involving subcutaneous implantation was used to evaluate the superior anti-inflammatory and endothelialization abilities of a Chi–Au 50 ppm treatment. Capsule formation and collagen deposition were decreased. The CD86 expression (M1 macrophage polarization) and leukocyte filtration (CD45) were remarkably reduced as well. In summary, a Chi polymer combined with 50 ppm of Au nanoparticles was proven to enhance the neural differentiation of MSCs and showed potential as a biosafe nanomaterial for neural tissue engineering.
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Ashammakhi N, GhavamiNejad A, Tutar R, Fricker A, Roy I, Chatzistavrou X, Hoque Apu E, Nguyen KL, Ahsan T, Pountos I, Caterson EJ. Highlights on Advancing Frontiers in Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:633-664. [PMID: 34210148 PMCID: PMC9242713 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering continues to advance, sometimes in exponential leaps forward, but also sometimes at a rate that does not fulfill the promise that the field imagined a few decades ago. This review is in part a catalog of success in an effort to inform the process of innovation. Tissue engineering has recruited new technologies and developed new methods for engineering tissue constructs that can be used to mitigate or model disease states for study. Key to this antecedent statement is that the scientific effort must be anchored in the needs of a disease state and be working toward a functional product in regenerative medicine. It is this focus on the wildly important ideas coupled with partnered research efforts within both academia and industry that have shown most translational potential. The field continues to thrive and among the most important recent developments are the use of three-dimensional bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip, and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies that warrant special attention. Developments in the aforementioned areas as well as future directions are highlighted in this article. Although several early efforts have not come to fruition, there are good examples of commercial profitability that merit continued investment in tissue engineering. Impact statement Tissue engineering led to the development of new methods for regenerative medicine and disease models. Among the most important recent developments in tissue engineering are the use of three-dimensional bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip, and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies. These technologies and an understanding of them will have impact on the success of tissue engineering and its translation to regenerative medicine. Continued investment in tissue engineering will yield products and therapeutics, with both commercial importance and simultaneous disease mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annabelle Fricker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Taby Ahsan
- RoosterBio, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Caterson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. du Pont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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Characteristic and Chondrogenic Differentiation Analysis of Hybrid Hydrogels Comprised of Hyaluronic Acid Methacryloyl (HAMA), Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA), and the Acrylate-Functionalized Nano-Silica Crosslinker. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102003. [PMID: 35631885 PMCID: PMC9144778 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a biomaterial suitable for adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs)-laden scaffolds that can directly bond to cartilage tissue surfaces in tissue engineering has still been a significant challenge. The bioinspired hybrid hydrogel approaches based on hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) appear to have more promise. Herein, we report the cartilage tissue engineering application of a novel photocured hybrid hydrogel system comprising HAMA, GelMA, and 0~1.0% (w/v) acrylate-functionalized nano-silica (AFnSi) crosslinker, in addition to describing the preparation of related HAMA, GelMA, and AFnSi materials and confirming their related chemical evidence. The study also examines the physicochemical characteristics of these hybrid hydrogels, including swelling behavior, morphological conformation, mechanical properties, and biodegradation. To further investigate cell viability and chondrogenic differentiation, the hADSCs were loaded with a two-to-one ratio of the HAMA-GelMA (HG) hybrid hydrogel with 0~1.0% (w/v) AFnSi crosslinker to examine the process of optimal chondrogenic development. Results showed that the morphological microstructure, mechanical properties, and longer degradation time of the HG+0.5% (w/v) AFnSi hydrogel demonstrated the acellular novel matrix was optimal to support hADSCs differentiation. In other words, the in vitro experimental results showed that hADSCs laden in the photocured hybrid hydrogel of HG+0.5% (w/v) AFnSi not only significantly increased chondrogenic marker gene expressions such as SOX-9, aggrecan, and type II collagen expression compared to the HA and HG groups, but also enhanced the expression of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and type II collagen formation. We have concluded that the photocured hybrid hydrogel of HG+0.5% (w/v) AFnSi will provide a suitable environment for articular cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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[A 3D hydrogel loaded with exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells promotes cartilage repair in rats by modulating immunological microenvironment]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:528-537. [PMID: 35527488 PMCID: PMC9085588 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.04.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of GelMA hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes for repairing injured rat knee articular cartilage. METHODS The supernatant of cultured bone marrow stem cells was subjected to ultracentrifugation separate and extract the exosomes, which were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and Western blotting of the surface markers. The changes in rheology and electron microscopic features of GelMA hydrogel were examined after loading the exosomes. We assessed exosome release from the hydrogel was detected by BCA protein detection method, and labeled the exosomes with PKH26 red fluorescent dye to observe their phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells. The effects of the exosomes alone, unloaded hydrogel, and exosome-loaded hydrogel on the polarization of RAW264.7 cells were detected by q-PCR and immunofluorescence assay. We further tested the effect of the exosome-loaded hydrogel on cartilage repair in a Transwell co-culture cell model of RAW264.7 cells and chondrocytes in a rat model of knee cartilage injury using q-PCR and immunofluorescence assay and HE and Masson staining. RESULTS GelMA hydrogel loaded with exosomes significantly promoted M2-type polarization of RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05). In the Transwell co-culture model, the exosome-loaded GelMA hydrogel significantly promoted the repair of injured chondrocytes by regulating RAW264.7 cell transformation from M1 to M2 (P < 0.05). HE and Masson staining showed that the exosome-loaded hydrogel obviously promoted cartilage repair in the rat models damage. CONCLUSION GelMA hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes can significantly promote the repair of cartilage damage in rats by improving the immune microenvironment.
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Scialla S, Gullotta F, Izzo D, Palazzo B, Scalera F, Martin I, Sannino A, Gervaso F. Genipin-crosslinked collagen scaffolds inducing chondrogenesis: a mechanical and biological characterization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1372-1385. [PMID: 35262240 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage degeneration is still an unsolved issue owing to its weak repairing capabilities, which usually result in fibrocartilage tissue formation. This fibrous tissue lacks of structural and bio-mechanical properties, degrading over time. Currently, arthroscopic techniques and autologous transplantation are the most used clinical procedures. However, rather than restoring cartilage integrity, these methods only postpone further cartilage deterioration. Therefore, tissue engineering strategies aimed at selecting scaffolds that remarkably support the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) could represent a promising solution, but they are still challenging for researchers. In this study, the influence of two different genipin (Gp) crosslinking routes on collagen (Coll)-based scaffolds in terms of hMSCs chondrogenic differentiation and biomechanical performances was investigated. Three-dimensional (3D) porous Coll scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying techniques and were crosslinked with Gp following a "two-step" and an in "bulk" procedure, in order to increase the physico-mechanical stability of the structure. Chondrogenic differentiation efficacy of hMSCs and biomechanical behavior under compression forces through unconfined stress-strain tests were assessed. Coll/Gp scaffolds revealed an isotropic and highly homogeneous pore distribution along with an increase in the stiffness, also supported by the increase in the Coll denaturation temperature (Td = 57-63°C) and a significant amount of Coll and GAG deposition during the 3 weeks of chondrogenic culture. In particular, the presence of Gp in "bulk" led to a more uniform and homogenous chondral-like matrix deposition by hMSCs if compared to the results obtained from the Gp "two-step" functionalization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scialla
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Gullotta
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Izzo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Barbara Palazzo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,ENEA, Division for Sustainable Materials - Research Centre of Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Francesca Scalera
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,CNR Nanotec - Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,CNR Nanotec - Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
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Li M, Yin H, Yan Z, Li H, Wu J, Wang Y, Wei F, Tian G, Ning C, Li H, Gao C, Fu L, Jiang S, Chen M, Sui X, Liu S, Chen Z, Guo Q. The immune microenvironment in cartilage injury and repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:23-42. [PMID: 34896634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of articular cartilage to repair itself is limited because it lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymph tissue. Once damaged, it can lead to joint swelling and pain, accelerating the progression of osteoarthritis. To date, complete regeneration of hyaline cartilage exhibiting mechanical properties remains an elusive goal, despite the many available technologies. The inflammatory milieu created by cartilage damage is critical for chondrocyte death and hypertrophy, extracellular matrix breakdown, ectopic bone formation, and progression of cartilage injury to osteoarthritis. In the inflammatory microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo aberrant differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to convert or dedifferentiate into cells with a fibroblast phenotype, thereby resulting in fibrocartilage with poor mechanical qualities. All these factors suggest that inflammatory problems may be a major stumbling block to cartilage repair. To produce a milieu conducive to cartilage repair, multi-dimensional management of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in place and time is required. Therefore, this calls for elucidation of the immune microenvironment of cartilage repair after injury. This review provides a brief overview of: (1) the pathogenesis of cartilage injury; (2) immune cells in cartilage injury and repair; (3) effects of inflammatory cytokines on cartilage repair; (4) clinical strategies for treating cartilage defects; and (5) strategies for targeted immunoregulation in cartilage repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immune response is increasingly considered the key factor affecting cartilage repair. It has both negative and positive regulatory effects on the process of regeneration and repair. Proinflammatory factors are secreted in large numbers, and necrotic cartilage is removed. During the repair period, immune cells can secrete anti-inflammatory factors and chondrogenic cytokines, which can inhibit inflammation and promote cartilage repair. However, inflammatory factors persist, which accelerate the degradation of the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, in an inflammatory microenvironment, MSCs undergo abnormal differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to transform or dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells, forming fibrocartilage with poor mechanical properties. Consequently, cartilage regeneration requires multi-dimensional regulation of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in space and time to make it conducive to cartilage regeneration.
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A hyaluronic acid/PVA electrospun coating on 3D printed PLA scaffold for orthopedic application. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:67-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Trengove A, Duchi S, Onofrillo C, O'Connell CD, Di Bella C, O'Connor AJ. Microbial Transglutaminase Improves ex vivo Adhesion of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels to Human Cartilage. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:773673. [PMID: 35047967 PMCID: PMC8757843 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.773673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current surgical techniques to treat articular cartilage defects fail to produce a satisfactory long-term repair of the tissue. Regenerative approaches show promise in their ability to generate hyaline cartilage using biomaterials in combination with stem cells. However, the difficulty of seamlessly integrating the newly generated cartilage with the surrounding tissue remains a likely cause of long-term failure. To begin to address this integration issue, our strategy exploits a biological enzyme (microbial transglutaminase) to effect bioadhesion of a gelatin methacryloyl implant to host tissue. Mechanical characterization of the bioadhesive material shows that enzymatic crosslinking is compatible with photocrosslinking, allowing for a dual-crosslinked system with improved mechanical properties, and a slower degradation rate. Biocompatibility is illustrated with a 3D study of the metabolic activity of encapsulated human adipose derived stem cells. Furthermore, enzymatic crosslinking induced by transglutaminase is not prevented by the presence of cells, as measured by the bulk modulus of the material. Adhesion to human cartilage is demonstrated ex vivo with a significant increase in adhesive strength (5.82 ± 1.4 kPa as compared to 2.87 ± 0.9 kPa, p < 0.01) due to the addition of transglutaminase. For the first time, we have characterized a bioadhesive material composed of microbial transglutaminase and GelMA that can encapsulate cells, be photo crosslinked, and bond to host cartilage, taking a step toward the integration of regenerative implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trengove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathal D O'Connell
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Application of Alginate Hydrogels for Next-Generation Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031147. [PMID: 35163071 PMCID: PMC8835677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The articular cartilage has insufficient intrinsic healing abilities, and articular cartilage injuries often progress to osteoarthritis. Alginate-based scaffolds are attractive biomaterials for cartilage repair and regeneration, allowing for the delivery of cells and therapeutic drugs and gene sequences. In light of the heterogeneity of findings reporting the benefits of using alginate for cartilage regeneration, a better understanding of alginate-based systems is needed in order to improve the approaches aiming to enhance cartilage regeneration with this compound. This review provides an in-depth evaluation of the literature, focusing on the manipulation of alginate as a tool to support the processes involved in cartilage healing in order to demonstrate how such a material, used as a direct compound or combined with cell and gene therapy and with scaffold-guided gene transfer procedures, may assist cartilage regeneration in an optimal manner for future applications in patients.
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Li M, Sun D, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wei Q, Wang Y. Application and development of 3D bioprinting in cartilage tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5430-5458. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting technology can build complex tissue structures and has the potential to fabricate engineered cartilage with bionic structures for achieving cartilage defect repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Daocen Sun
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Daou F, Cochis A, Leigheb M, Rimondini L. Current Advances in the Regeneration of Degenerated Articular Cartilage: A Literature Review on Tissue Engineering and Its Recent Clinical Translation. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010031. [PMID: 35009175 PMCID: PMC8745794 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional ability is the basis of healthy aging. Articular cartilage degeneration is amongst the most prevalent degenerative conditions that cause adverse impacts on the quality of life; moreover, it represents a key predisposing factor to osteoarthritis (OA). Both the poor capacity of articular cartilage for self-repair and the unsatisfactory outcomes of available clinical interventions make innovative tissue engineering a promising therapeutic strategy for articular cartilage repair. Significant progress was made in this field; however, a marked heterogeneity in the applied biomaterials, biofabrication, and assessments is nowadays evident by the huge number of research studies published to date. Accordingly, this literature review assimilates the most recent advances in cell-based and cell-free tissue engineering of articular cartilage and also focuses on the assessments performed via various in vitro studies, ex vivo models, preclinical in vivo animal models, and clinical studies in order to provide a broad overview of the latest findings and clinical translation in the context of degenerated articular cartilage and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Daou
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimiliano Leigheb
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-660-673
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Rayes J, Sparavalo S, Wong I. Biological Augments for Acetabular Chondral Defects in Hip Arthroscopy-A Scoping Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2021; 14:328-339. [PMID: 34778917 PMCID: PMC8733143 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-021-09721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A wide array of joint-preserving surgical techniques exists in the management of acetabular chondral defects (ACDs). The purpose of this review is to summarize the clinical outcomes of the recent biologics used to treat ACDs during hip arthroscopy. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence is available for different biological solutions used in the hip. Studies have shown promising outcomes with minimal complications when using biologics as augmentation to microfracture (MF), including different scaffolds or stem cells, or to enhance autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). However, data so far is scarce, and more trials and longer follow-ups are needed to better delineate the appropriate indications and benefits for each technique. Presently, the level of evidence is low, but in general, biologics appear safe and trend toward beneficial compared to standard surgical techniques. Augmented MF is recommended for small to medium ACDs, and matrix-assisted ACI or three-dimensional ACI is recommended for medium to large defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Rayes
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5955 Veteran's Memorial Lane, Room 2106 VMB, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Sara Sparavalo
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5955 Veteran's Memorial Lane, Room 2106 VMB, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Ivan Wong
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5955 Veteran's Memorial Lane, Room 2106 VMB, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1, Canada.
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Shestovskaya MV, Bozhkova SA, Sopova JV, Khotin MG, Bozhokin MS. Methods of Modification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Conditions of Their Culturing for Hyaline Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111666. [PMID: 34829895 PMCID: PMC8615732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage is a topical area of regenerative medicine that has already entered clinical practice. The key stage of this procedure is to create conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, increase the synthesis of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix proteins by these cells and activate their proliferation. The first such works consisted in the indirect modification of cells, namely, in changing the conditions in which they are located, including microfracturing of the subchondral bone and the use of 3D biodegradable scaffolds. The most effective methods for modifying the cell culture of MSCs are protein and physical, which have already been partially introduced into clinical practice. Genetic methods for modifying MSCs, despite their effectiveness, have significant limitations. Techniques have not yet been developed that allow studying the effectiveness of their application even in limited groups of patients. The use of MSC modification methods allows precise regulation of cell culture proliferation, and in combination with the use of a 3D biodegradable scaffold, it allows obtaining a hyaline-like regenerate in the damaged area. This review is devoted to the consideration and comparison of various methods used to modify the cell culture of MSCs for their use in regenerative medicine of cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Shestovskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Bozhkova
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail G. Khotin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Mikhail S. Bozhokin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Bar JK, Lis-Nawara A, Grelewski PG. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112018. [PMID: 34769446 PMCID: PMC8584775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the dental pulp stem (DSC) cell-derived secretome, consisting of various biomolecules, is undergoing intense research. Despite promising in vitro and in vivo studies, most DSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine because the paracrine effect of the bioactive factors secreted by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) is not completely understood. In this review, we outline the current data on the hDPSC- and SHED-derived secretome as a potential candidate in the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and nerve tissue. Published reports demonstrate that the dental MSC-derived secretome/conditional medium may be effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases, neural injuries, cartilage defects, and repairing bone by regulating neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and angiogenic processes through secretome paracrine mechanisms. Dental MSC-secretomes, similarly to the bone marrow MSC-secretome activate molecular and cellular mechanisms, which determine the effectiveness of cell-free therapy. Many reports emphasize that dental MSC-derived secretomes have potential application in tissue-regenerating therapy due to their multidirectional paracrine effect observed in the therapy of many different injured tissues.
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Qin L, He T, Chen S, Yang D, Yi W, Cao H, Xiao G. Roles of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1/2 proteins in skeleton and other tissues. Bone Res 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34667178 PMCID: PMC8526690 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a fundamental ability that allows living organisms to receive and respond to physical signals from both the external and internal environments. The mechanotransduction process requires a range of special proteins termed mechanotransducers to convert mechanical forces into biochemical signals in cells. The Piezo proteins are mechanically activated nonselective cation channels and the largest plasma membrane ion channels reported thus far. The regulation of two family members, Piezo1 and Piezo2, has been reported to have essential functions in mechanosensation and transduction in different organs and tissues. Recently, the predominant contributions of the Piezo family were reported to occur in the skeletal system, especially in bone development and mechano-stimulated bone homeostasis. Here we review current studies focused on the tissue-specific functions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in various backgrounds with special highlights on their importance in regulating skeletal cell mechanotransduction. In this review, we emphasize the diverse functions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 and related signaling pathways in osteoblast lineage cells and chondrocytes. We also summarize our current understanding of Piezo channel structures and the key findings about PIEZO gene mutations in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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González Vázquez AG, Blokpoel Ferreras LA, Bennett KE, Casey SM, Brama PAJ, O'Brien FJ. Systematic Comparison of Biomaterials-Based Strategies for Osteochondral and Chondral Repair in Large Animal Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100878. [PMID: 34405587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Joint repair remains a major challenge in orthopaedics. Recent progress in biomaterial design has led to the fabrication of a plethora of promising devices. Pre-clinical testing of any joint repair strategy typically requires the use of large animal models (e.g., sheep, goat, pig or horse). Despite the key role of such models in clinical translation, there is still a lack of consensus regarding optimal experimental design, making it difficult to draw conclusions on their efficacy. In this context, the authors performed a systematic literature review and a risk of bias assessment on large animal models published between 2010 and 2020, to identify key experimental parameters that significantly affect the biomaterial therapeutic outcome and clinical translation potential (including defect localization, animal age/maturity, selection of controls, cell-free versus cell-laden). They determined that mechanically strong biomaterials perform better at the femoral condyles; while highlighted the importance of including native tissue controls to better evaluate the quality of the newly formed tissue. Finally, in cell-laded biomaterials, the pre-culture conditions played a more important role in defect repair than the cell type. In summary, here they present a systematic evaluation on how the experimental design of preclinical models influences biomaterial-based therapeutic outcomes in joint repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlyng G. González Vázquez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
| | - Lia A. Blokpoel Ferreras
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
| | | | - Sarah M. Casey
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
| | - Pieter AJ Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin (UCD) Dublin 4 D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin (TCD) Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
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Gossla E, Bernhardt A, Tonndorf R, Aibibu D, Cherif C, Gelinsky M. Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179341. [PMID: 34502249 PMCID: PMC8430627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of damaged or degenerated articular cartilage tissue remains a challenge, as this non-vascularized tissue has a very limited self-healing capacity. Therefore, tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage is a promising treatment option. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, there is still a lack of scaffolds that ensure the formation of functional cartilage tissue while meeting the mechanical requirements for chondrogenic TE. In this article, we report the application of flock technology, a common process in the modern textile industry, to produce flock scaffolds made of chitosan (a biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer) for chondrogenic TE. By combining an alginate hydrogel with a chitosan flock scaffold (CFS+ALG), a fiber-reinforced hydrogel with anisotropic properties was developed to support chondrogenic differentiation of embedded human chondrocytes. Pure alginate hydrogels (ALG) and pure chitosan flock scaffolds (CFS) were studied as controls. Morphology of primary human chondrocytes analyzed by cLSM and SEM showed a round, chondrogenic phenotype in CFS+ALG and ALG after 21 days of differentiation, whereas chondrocytes on CFS formed spheroids. The compressive strength of CFS+ALG was higher than the compressive strength of ALG and CFS alone. Chondrocytes embedded in CFS+ALG showed gene expression of chondrogenic markers (COL II, COMP, ACAN), the highest collagen II/I ratio, and production of the typical extracellular matrix such as sGAG and collagen II. The combination of alginate hydrogel with chitosan flock scaffolds resulted in a scaffold with anisotropic structure, good mechanical properties, elasticity, and porosity that supported chondrogenic differentiation of inserted human chondrocytes and expression of chondrogenic markers and typical extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gossla
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (E.G.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Tonndorf
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; (R.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Dilbar Aibibu
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; (R.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Chokri Cherif
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; (R.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (E.G.); (M.G.)
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From Cells to Organs: The Present and Future of Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:135-149. [PMID: 34327664 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine promises a bright future where damaged body parts can be restored, rejuvenated, and replaced. The application of regenerative medicine is interdisciplinary and covers nearly all fields of medical sciences and molecular engineering. This review provides a road map on how regenerative medicine is applied on the levels of cell, tissue, and organ and summarizes the advantages and limitation of human pluripotent stem cells in disease modeling and regenerative application.
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46
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Comparison between Intra-Articular Injection of Infrapatellar Fat Pad (IPFP) Cell Concentrates and IPFP-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for Cartilage Defect Repair of the Knee Joint in Rabbits. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9966966. [PMID: 34367294 PMCID: PMC8337123 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9966966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic method in regenerative medicine. Our previous research adopted a simple nonenzymatic strategy for the preparation of a new type of ready-to-use infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) cell concentrates. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular (IA) injection of autologous IPFP cell concentrates and allogeneic IPFP-MSCs obtained from these concentrates in a rabbit articular cartilage defect model. IPFP-MSCs sprouting from the IPFP cell concentrates were characterized via flow cytometry as well as based on their potential for differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. In the rabbit model, cartilage defects were created on the trochlear groove, followed by treatment with IPFP cell concentrates, IPFP-MSCs, or normal saline IA injection. Distal femur samples were evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks posttreatment via macroscopic observation and histological assessment based on the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic scoring system as well as the ICRS visual histological assessment scale. The macroscopic score and histological score were significantly higher in the IPFP-MSC group compared to the IPFP cell concentrate group at 12 weeks. Further, both treatment groups had higher scores compared to the normal saline group. In comparison to the latter, the groups treated with IPFP-MSCs and IPFP cell concentrates showed considerably better cartilage regeneration. Overall, IPFP-MSCs represent an effective therapeutic strategy for stimulating articular cartilage regeneration. Further, due to the simple, cost-effective, nonenzymatic, and safe preparation process, IPFP cell concentrates may represent an effective alternative to stem cell-based therapy in the clinic.
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Tian G, Jiang S, Li J, Wei F, Li X, Ding Y, Yang Z, Sun Z, Zha K, Wang F, Huang B, Peng L, Wang Q, Tian Z, Yang X, Wang Z, Guo Q, Guo W, Liu S. Cell-free decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix scaffolds combined with interleukin 4 promote osteochondral repair through immunomodulatory macrophages: In vitro and in vivo preclinical study. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:131-145. [PMID: 33812074 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage regeneration is a complex physiological process. Synovial macrophages play a critical immunomodulatory role in the acute inflammatory response surrounding joint injury. Due to the contrasting differences and heterogeneity of macrophage, the phenotype of macrophages are the key determinants of the healing response after cartilage injury. Biomaterials derived from extracellular matrix have been used for the repair and reconstruction of a variety of tissues by modulating the host macrophage response. However, the immunomodulatory effect of decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) on macrophages has not been elucidated. It is necessary to clarify the immunomodulatory properties of decellularized cartilage matrix (DCM) to guide the design of cartilage regeneration materials. Here, we prepared porcine articular cartilage derived DCM and determined the response of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to the pepsin-solubilized DCM (PDCM) in vitro. Macrophages activated by the PDCM could promote bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) invasion, migration, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation. Then, we verified that early optimization of the immunomodulatory effects of the cell-free DCM scaffold using IL-4 in vivo could achieve good cartilage regeneration in a rat knee osteochondral defect model. Therefore, this decellularized cartilage ECM scaffold combined with accurate and active immunomodulatory strategies provides a new approach for the development of cartilage regeneration materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports a decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DCM) scaffold combined with an accurate and active immunomodulatory strategy to improve cartilage regeneration. Our findings demonstrated that the pepsin-solubilized DCM (PDCM) activated bone marrow-derived macrophages to polarize to a constructive macrophage phenotype. These polarized macrophages promoted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation. DCM scaffolds combined with early-stage intra-articular injection of IL-4 created a wound-healing microenvironment and improved cartilage regeneration in a rat knee osteochondral defect model.
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Park J, Park H, Lee YL, Weon S, Kim YG, Yang JH, Nam B, Jo S, Kim TH. Blocking TNFα attenuates progressive cartilage matrix degradation in inflammatory arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:808. [PMID: 34093764 PMCID: PMC8170641 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because damage to hyaline cartilage is irreversible, relieving progressive cartilage destruction is an important therapeutic approach for inflammatory arthritis. In the present study, human hyaline chondrocytes were isolated from total knee replacements of 15 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and three with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial fluid of OA (n=25) and RA (n=34) were collected to measure tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) using ELISA. Consistent with previous studies, the synovial fluid exhibited high TNFα levels and hyaline cartilage was severely destroyed in patients with RA. TNFα-treated chondrocytes were used as model for inflammatory arthritis. TNFα did not influence proliferation or extracellular matrix expression in chondrocytes, but induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, 3 and 13 expression levels in chondrocytes, which was accompanied by activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. During chondrogenic differentiation, TNFα attenuated mRNA expression levels of anabolic factors (collagen type 2 and aggrecan) and enhanced mRNA expression of catabolic factors (MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13) in chondrocytes. Moreover, anti-TNFα agents (Golimumab) inhibited the TNFα-induced metabolic shift in chondrocytes and chondrogenic differentiation. The present study revealed a mechanism by which TNFα may induce metabolic shift in chondrocytes, leading to progressive chondrocyte destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsung Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lim Lee
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Weon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Guan M, Pan D, Zhang M, Leng X, Yao B. Deer antler extract potentially facilitates xiphoid cartilage growth and regeneration and prevents inflammatory susceptibility by regulating multiple functional genes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:208. [PMID: 33752715 PMCID: PMC7983396 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antler is a zoological exception due to its fantastic characteristics, including amazing growth rate and repeatable regeneration. Deer antler has been used as a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine relating to kidney and bone health for centuries. The aim of this study was to dissect the molecular regulation of deer antler extract (DAE) on xiphoid cartilage (XC). METHODS The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank group (n =10) and DAE group (n =10) after 1-week adaptive feeding. The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The rats in DAE group were fed with DAE for 3 weeks at a dose of 0.2 g/kg per day according to the body surface area normalization method, and the rats in blank group were fed with drinking water. Total RNA was extracted from XC located in the most distal edge of the sternum. Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in combination with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation assay was carried out to dissect the molecular regulation of DAE on XC. RESULTS We demonstrated that DAE significantly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in cartilage growth and regeneration, but decreased the expression levels of DEGs involved in inflammation, and mildly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in chondrogenesis and chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DAE might serve as a complementary therapeutic regent for cartilage growth and regeneration to treat cartilage degenerative disease, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Daian Pan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
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50
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Recent Developed Strategies for Enhancing Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSC: Impact on MSC-Based Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8830834. [PMID: 33824665 PMCID: PMC8007380 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8830834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is susceptible to damage, but its self-repair is hindered by its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to achieve satisfactory repair effects, and the development of tissue engineering techniques has shed new light on cartilage regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most commonly used seed cells in cartilage tissue engineering. However, MSCs tend to lose their multipotency, and the composition and structure of cartilage-like tissues formed by MSCs are far from those of native cartilage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop strategies that promote MSC chondrogenic differentiation to give rise to durable and phenotypically correct regenerated cartilage. This review provides an overview of recent advances in enhancement strategies for MSC chondrogenic differentiation, including optimization of bioactive factors, culture conditions, cell type selection, coculture, gene editing, scaffolds, and physical stimulation. This review will aid the further understanding of the MSC chondrogenic differentiation process and enable improvement of MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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