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Odigie AE, Capozza P, Tempesta M, Decaro N, Pratelli A. Epidemiological investigation of enteric canine coronaviruses in domestic dogs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105289. [PMID: 38749265 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Canine enteric coronavirus (CeCoV) is a globally distributed enteric pathogen that causes significant harm to canines. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the global dissemination of CeCoV and assess the potential for infected canines to be exposed to various CeCoV genotypes and subtypes. With an aggregated prevalence of 18.8%, the study predicted regional variations, indicating that CeCoV is an exceptionally prevalent disease. The increased likelihood that infected canines will be asymptomatic is a significant cause for concern, as undetected cases of CeCoV infection could persist and spread the disease. This underscores the significance of ongoing surveillance of CeCoV in order to avert its transmission. Nevertheless, further investigation is necessary in order to ascertain the moderators that significantly impact the prevalence and distribution of distinct subtypes and genotypes of CeCoV. Hence, it is imperative to undertake randomized clinical trials in order to acquire a more accurate understanding of the variables that influence the prevalence of CeCoV. By conducting ongoing surveillance, regional variations in the prevalence of CeCoV in canines can be accounted for, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the illness and ultimately impeding its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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2
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Galer J, Forward AK, Hughes J, Crawford AH, Behr S, Cherubini GB, Cornelis I, Royaux E. Clinical features, treatment, and outcome of juvenile dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. J Vet Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 38932495 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The information relating to the outcome specifically for juvenile dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) is lacking. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome in a cohort of dogs with MUE <52 weeks old. ANIMALS Thirty-four client-owned dogs. METHODS Multicenter retrospective case series. Records from 5 referral centers were searched. Data was extracted from the medical records and referring veterinarians were contacted for survival data if this was not available from the record. RESULTS The mean age was 31 weeks; the youngest dog was 11 weeks and 3 dogs were <16 weeks old. Altered mentation (71%), ataxia (44%), seizures (29%), and circling (26%) were the most common presenting complaints. Neuroanatomical localization was to the forebrain (38%), multifocal (35%), brainstem (18%), and cerebellum (12%). Corticosteroid monotherapy (n = 15) and corticosteroid plus cytosine arabinoside (n = 15) were used in equal proportions. Outcome data was available for 26 dogs, 8 (31%) were alive at the time of data collection with a follow-up range of 135 to 2944 days. Death or euthanasia was related to MUE in 17/18 dogs that died during the study period. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a median survival time for all-cause death of 84 days. CONCLUSION The prognosis for MUE in this subset of dogs was considered poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Galer
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Ltd, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alexander K Forward
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Ltd, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jonathan Hughes
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Ltd, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Abbe Harper Crawford
- Royal Veterinary College, Clinical Services Division, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hatfield, UK
| | - Sebastien Behr
- Willows Referral Services, Neurology, Highlands Road Shirley, Solihull, UK
| | - Giunio Bruto Cherubini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mario Modenato, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dick White Referrals Ltd, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Ine Cornelis
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Emilie Royaux
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Ltd, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
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3
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Truyen LH, Flores RS, de Oliveira Santana W, Abreu MB, Brambatti G, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) serological and molecular patterns in dogs with viral gastroenteritis from southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1979-1986. [PMID: 38407780 PMCID: PMC11153423 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can cause severe systemic disease with gastroenteric symptoms in dogs, particularly in young puppies. Originating from the feline parvovirus in the late 1970s, it swiftly propagated globally, instigating a pandemic in dogs. Despite vaccination advancements, CPV-2 remains a substantial challenge for veterinary professionals and pet owners. This study aimed to contribute knowledge about the current situation of CPV-2 among dogs in southern Brazil. In this study, the sera of 125 dogs (mostly with gastroenteritis symptoms) were screened for antibodies against CPV-2 and their faeces for the virus itself. The results showed that 40% (50/125) of dogs were infected with CPV-2. Most animals (65.5%) had previously been exposed to CPV-2 (with serotitres equal or above 1:40), and only 37.6% had protective antibody titres equal or above 1:80. The findings have also demonstrated that vaccination against CPV-2 significantly reduced the risk of infection, with positive cases decreasing from 56.9% (unvaccinated) to 2.0% (fully vaccinated). Furthermore, the prevalence of CPV-2 decreased as dogs aged, with younger dogs and those with an incomplete or non-existent vaccination history at the highest risk of infection. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the prevalence and risk factors associated with CPV-2 infection in dogs in southern Brazil, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the improvement of veterinary care and pet health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sartori Flores
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Weslei de Oliveira Santana
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Muriel Becker Abreu
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brambatti
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
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4
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Mira F, Schirò G, Franzo G, Canuti M, Purpari G, Giudice E, Decaro N, Vicari D, Antoci F, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Sicily, southern Italy: A geographical island, an epidemiological continuum. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26561. [PMID: 38420403 PMCID: PMC10900816 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since it emerged as a major dog pathogen, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has featured a remarkable genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, whose biological, epidemiological, and clinical impact is still debated. The continuous monitoring of this pathogen is thus of pivotal importance. In the present study, the molecular epidemiology of CPV-2 in Sicily, southern Italy, has been updated by analysing 215 nearly complete sequences of the capsid protein VP2, obtained from rectal swabs/faeces or tissue samples collected between 2019 and 2022 from 346 dogs with suspected infectious gastrointestinal disease. The presence of the original CPV-2 type (4%) and CPV-2a (9%), CPV-2b (18%), or CPV-2c (69%) variants was documented. Over the years, we observed a decrease in the frequency of CPV-2a/-2b and a rapid increase of CPV-2c frequency, with a progressive replacement of the European lineage of CPV-2c by the Asian lineage. The observed scenario, besides confirming epidemiological relevance of CPV-2, highlights the occurrence of antigenic variant shifts over time, with a trend toward the replacement of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and the European lineage of CPV-2c by the emerging Asian CPV-2c lineage. The comparison with other Italian and international sequences suggests the occurrence of viral exchange with other Italian regions and different countries, although the directionality of such viral flows could not be often established with confidence. In several instances, potential CPV-2 introductions led to epidemiological dead ends. However, major, long-lasting clades were also identified, supporting successful infection establishment, local spreading, and evolution. These results, besides demonstrating the need for implementing more effective control measures to prevent viral introductions and minimize circulation, stress the relevance of routine monitoring activities as the only tool to effectively understand CPV-2 epidemiology and evolution, and develop adequate countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Coordinate Research Centre EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
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Mira F, Puleio R, Schirò G, Condorelli L, Di Bella S, Chiaramonte G, Purpari G, Cannella V, Balboni A, Randazzo V, Antoci F, Vicari D, Guercio A. Study on the Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAdV-1) Infection in Domestic Dogs in Southern Italy. Pathogens 2022; 11:1254. [PMID: 36365005 PMCID: PMC9693395 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the causative agent of a systemic and potentially fatal viral disease of domestic and wild canids. In Italy, CAdV-1 infection has also been occasionally described in dogs, but information on the epidemiology and its genomic features is still limited. A study was conducted on 291 dogs suspected of infectious gastrointestinal disease. Samples collected from dogs in southern Italy between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. Virological and histopathological assays were carried out. The presence of CAdVs and other canine viral enteropathogens was investigated, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed. CAdV-1 was detected in six (2.1%) dead stray dogs alone or in mixed infections with other viruses. Gross lesions and histopathological findings referred to CAdV infection were observed, also involving the central nervous system tissues. All inoculated samples were successfully isolated. Sequence analysis evidenced divergences with the circulating strains previously described in Italy and a closer relation with older CAdV-1 strains collected from other countries, suggesting a genetic heterogeneity of CAdV-1 in Italy. The evidence of the circulation of CAdV-1 and its genomic features allows us to have more in-depth knowledge of the epidemiology and evolution of the CAdV-1 genomic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Condorelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Chiaramonte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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6
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Pugliese M, Falcone A, Alibrandi A, Zirilli A, Passantino A. Risk Factors Regarding Dog Euthanasia and Causes of Death at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Italy: Preliminary Results. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100554. [PMID: 36288167 PMCID: PMC9608742 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision to request and proceed with euthanasia in a dog is complex and predictors of such decisions are important. This study investigates the risk factors (demographic and clinical) associated with the main clinical causes and methods of death (euthanasia or unassisted death) in a population of dogs. By comparing euthanasia to unassisted deaths, the authors assess causes of death to evaluate their relative impacts on decision-making to choose euthanasia compared with an unassisted death. For this, goal data from electronic medical records of dogs who had died (unassisted death and euthanasia), obtained from an Italian referral veterinary teaching hospital from 2010 to 2020, were analyzed. The causes of death were categorized by pathophysiological process and the organ system. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that significantly affect the probability of undergoing euthanasia and to individuate independent significant predictors of euthanasia and unassisted death, respectively. Death rate by euthanasia was 40.7% (125/307), by died unassisted 50.8% (156/307), whilst only 8.5% of dogs (26/307) died accidentally. The main causes of death for euthanasia were due to neoplastic (75.6%), degenerative (64.3%), and congenital (60%) diseases. Furthermore, the findings reveal that in deaths by euthanasia, the significant risk predictors were female gender, age, and neoplastic and degenerative processes; while in unassisted deaths, the significant risk predictors were male gender, age, and infection/inflammatory conditions. These preliminary outcomes highlight the information of this study which may be used to evaluate strategic interventions and health promotion strategies to be implemented, with consequent welfare gains for the canine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Annastella Falcone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Agata Zirilli
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-90-676-6742
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07310. [PMID: 35515338 PMCID: PMC9063721 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR P. aeruginosa can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 1–5%, 5–33% and 5–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–90% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR P. aeruginosa according to Article 8 criteria are mainly dogs and cats.
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8
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07080. [PMID: 35126739 PMCID: PMC8805099 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR S. pseudintermedius can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (30-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2 and 4 (Categories A, B and D; 0-1%, 1-10% and 10-33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 3 and 5 (Categories C and E, 5-66% and 30-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for AMR S. pseudintermedius according to Article 8 criteria are mostly species belonging to the families of Canidae and Felidae, such as dogs and cats.
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Schirò G, Gambino D, Mira F, Vitale M, Guercio A, Purpari G, Antoci F, Licitra F, Chiaramonte G, La Giglia M, Randazzo V, Vicari D. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Bacteria Isolated from Dogs with Canine Parvovirus (CPV) Infection: The Need for a Rational Use of Antibiotics in Companion Animal Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020142. [PMID: 35203745 PMCID: PMC8868125 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) represents a major viral threat to dogs. Considering the potential effects of pets on antimicrobial resistance, information on the CPV and associated bacterial co-infections is limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility and multidrug-resistance profiles of bacterial species from tissue samples of dogs with canine parvovirus infection. A set of PCR assays and sequence analyses was used for the detection and the molecular characterization of the CPV strains and other enteric viruses. Bacterial isolation, the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility via the disk diffusion method, and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration were performed. The detection of β-lactamase genes and toxin genes for specific bacteria was also carried out. CPV infection was confirmed in 23 dogs. Forty-three bacterial strains were isolated and all showed phenotypic resistance. Seventeen multidrug-resistant bacteria and bacteria with high resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and metronidazole were detected. Almost 50% of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were positive for at least one β-lactamase gene, with the majority carrying more genes as well. The evidence for multi-resistant bacteria with the potential for intra- or cross-species transmission should be further considered in a One Health approach.
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Balboni A, Terrusi A, Urbani L, Troia R, Stefanelli SAM, Giunti M, Battilani M. Canine circovirus and Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:223-232. [PMID: 34671910 PMCID: PMC8528481 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most relevant pathogens associated with enteritis in dogs and is frequently reported in association with the detection of other pathogens in faeces. In this study the concomitant presence of Canine circovirus (CanineCV) and Canine adenovirus (CAdV) DNA in faecal or intestine samples of 95 dogs with parvovirus enteritis sampled in Italy (1995–2017) was investigated and the viruses identified were genetically characterised. Potential correlations with the antigenic variant of CPV-2 and with signalment data and outcome were evaluated. Twenty-eight of 95 (29.5%) CPV-2 infected dogs tested positive to other viruses: 7/28 were also positive to CanineCV, 1/28 to CAdV-1, 18/28 to CAdV-2, 1/28 to CanineCV and CAdV-2, and 1/28 to CAdV-1 and CAdV-2. The frequency of CAdV DNA detection and coinfections was significantly higher in purebred dogs compared to mixed breed ones (P = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively). The presence of coinfection was not associated with any other relevant data available, including CPV-2 variant and final outcome. The detection of CanineCV in a dog sampled in 2009 allowed to backdating its circulation in dogs. The eight CanineCV completely sequenced were phylogenetically related to the CanineCV identified in dogs, wolves and a badger from Europe, USA, Argentina and China. Nine CAdV were partially sequenced and phylogenetic analysis showed a separate branch for the oldest CAdV-2 identified (1995). From the results obtained in this study population, CanineCV and CAdV coinfections in dogs with parvoviral enteritis did not result in more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessia Terrusi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Roberta Troia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Silvia A M Stefanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
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Hu W, Liu Q, Chen Q, Ji J. Molecular characterization of Cachavirus firstly detected in dogs in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104529. [PMID: 32890765 PMCID: PMC7468343 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine Cachavirus was novel parvovirus species has been firstly identified in dogs in USA and was classified within the proposed Chaphamaparvovirus genus. To investigate Cachavirus infection in dogs in China, 408 rectal swabs from healthy and diarrheic dogs obtained during 2018-2019 were screened. The rate of Cachavirus positivity was 0% and 1.55% in healthy or diarrheic dogs, respectively. However, statistical analysis suggested no association between the presence of the virus and clinical signs (p > 0.05). Nucleotide identity was 98.2%-98.9% for NS1 and 98.6%-99.1% for VP1, and amino acid identity was 97.9%-98.7% for NS1 and 98.8%-99.6% for VP1 between the five Chinese strains and Cachavirus-1A and Cachavirus-1B detected in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that these Cachavirus strains are genetically related to Cachavirus-1A and Cachavirus-1B. This study confirms the presence of Cachavirus in pet dogs in China and provides novel findings on its molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Qinxi Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China.
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