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Mei YX, Yang K, Zhang L, Jin Y, Yang N, Yang H, Zheng YL, Pang YS, Gong YJ, Zhou H, Zuo YL, Ding WJ. Dysrhythmic saliva microbiota in mobile phone addicts with sleep disorders and restored by acupuncture. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1335554. [PMID: 38957739 PMCID: PMC11217316 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1335554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phone addiction (MPA) greatly affects the biological clock and sleep quality and is emerging as a behavioral disorder. The saliva microbiota has been linked to circadian rhythms, and our previous research revealed dysrhythmic saliva metabolites in MPA subjects with sleep disorders (MPASD). In addition, acupuncture had positive effects. However, the dysbiotic saliva microbiota in MPASD patients and the restorative effects of acupuncture are unclear. Objectives To probe the circadian dysrhythmic characteristics of the saliva microbiota and acupunctural restoration in MPASD patients. Methods MPASD patients and healthy volunteers were recruited by the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Saliva samples were collected every 4 h for 72 h. After saliva sampling, six MPDSD subjects (group M) were acupuncturally treated (group T), and subsequent saliva sampling was conducted posttreatment. Finally, all the samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Results Significantly increased MPATS and PSQI scores were observed in MPDSD patients (p< 0.01), but these scores decreased (p<0.001) after acupuncture intervention. Compared with those in healthy controls, the diversity and structure of the saliva microbiota in MPASD patients were markedly disrupted. Six genera with circadian rhythms were detected in all groups, including Sulfurovum, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas and Prevotella. There were five genera with circadian rhythmicity in healthy people, of which the rhythmicities of the genera Rothia and Lautropia disappeared in MPASD patients but effectively resumed after acupuncture intervention. Conclusions This work revealed dysrhythmic salivary microbes in MPASD patients, and acupuncture, as a potential intervention, could be effective in mitigating this ever-rising behavioral epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiu Mei
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Li Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Shan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yan-Ju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zuo
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Sharma R, Weinstein AM. Recent treatment and novel imaging studies evaluating treatment of internet gaming disorder: a narrative review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1408560. [PMID: 38938461 PMCID: PMC11210348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1408560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is an emerging public health concern; effective treatments are still under development. This mini-review focuses on summarizing the main scientific evidence from psychological, pharmacological, brain imaging, and emerging treatment approaches for IGD. We searched PubMed and Scopus databases using keywords related to IGD and treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most extensively researched psychological treatment for IGD, supported by several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Other promising approaches include mindfulness, relapse prevention, abstinence protocols, and family therapy. Pharmacological treatments like bupropion and escitalopram have shown benefits, especially when IGD is comorbid with conditions like major depressive disorder. However, the quality of evidence is moderate for psychological interventions but low to moderate for pharmacological approaches. Emerging treatments such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and electro-acupuncture have demonstrated efficacy in reducing IGD symptoms and modulating brain activity. Brain imaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided insights into the neural mechanisms underlying IGD and treatment effects, although these studies lack randomized controlled designs. While multimodal approaches show promise, larger, well-designed RCTs are needed to establish effective IGD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Dai Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wen C, Li H, Zhu T. Genetic polymorphism in HTR2A rs6313 is associated with internet addiction disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1292877. [PMID: 38419907 PMCID: PMC10899489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1292877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Internet addiction disorder (IAD) has grown into public health concern of global proportions. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with IAD may exhibit altered levels of serotonin and dopamine, which are known to play crucial roles in depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and addiction. Therefore, polymorphisms in the receptors that mediate the effects of serotonin and dopamine and affect their functional states as well as their activities are suspect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between IAD and rs6313 (T102C) polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) gene, (HTR2A). Methods Twenty patients with IAD and twenty healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Barratt Impulse Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to assess the severity of internet addiction, mental status, impulsive traits, sleep quality, and social support. Genotyping was performed to identify rs6313 polymorphisms in the HTR2A gene of all participants. Results The frequencies of the C and T alleles of HTR2A T102C were 28% and 72% in the IAD group and 53% and 47% in the HCs group, respectively, indicating that the differences between these two groups were significant. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes of HTR2A gene T102C between the IAD and the HCs groups. Additionally, there was no difference in the distribution of the frequencies of the HTR2A gene T102C CC and CT+TT genotypes between the two groups. However, the distribution between the TT and CC+CT genotypes showed an apparent statistical difference in the HTR2A gene T102C between the two groups. Correlation analysis indicated that the IAT score was positively correlated with the Y-BOCS and BIS scores for the CC+CT genotype in patients with IAD. Moreover, the IAT score was positively correlated with the PSQI score in patients with IAD carrying the TT genotype. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that rs6313 in HTR2A is associated with IAD, and that the T allele of rs6313 in HTR2A may be a risk factor for IAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
- College of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongya Li
- College of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhu Y, Chen H, Li J, Mei X, Wang W. Effects of different interventions on internet addiction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:921. [PMID: 38066462 PMCID: PMC10704804 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, Internet is a recognized form of leisure, but there are growing apprehensions about the increasing number of individuals developing an addiction to it. Recent research has focused on social issues associated with internet addiction (IA). However, the treatment of IA is currently unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between IA treatment outcomes and different intervention strategies through systematic review and data analysis of patients who received different intervention modes. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14.2 on 57 literature research data from five Chinese and English databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang and CNKI. RESULT A total of 57 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this network meta-analysis involving 3538 IA patients and 13 different interventions. The network meta-analysis results demonstrated that the top four interventions were: rTMS + CBT, drug + others, rTMS, and electro-acupuncture + CBT. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that comprehensive therapy had an optimal therapeutic effect on IA patients and rTMS + CBT ranked first among all therapeutic indicators of intervention, indicating optimal clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Haihan Chen
- School of Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Junda Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xian Mei
- School of Qian Xuesen College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710049, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China.
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Wang Y, Qin Y, Li H, Yao D, Sun B, Gong J, Dai Y, Wen C, Zhang L, Zhang C, Luo C, Zhu T. Acupuncture modulates the functional connectivity among the subcortical nucleus and fronto-parietal network in adolescents with internet addiction. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3241. [PMID: 37721727 PMCID: PMC10636388 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction (IA), recognized as a behavioral addiction, is emerging as a global public health problem. Acupuncture has been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating IA; however, the mechanism is not yet clear. To fill this knowledge gap, our study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the functional interactions among the addiction-related networks in adolescents with IA. METHODS Thirty individuals with IA and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited. Subjects with IA were given a 40-day acupuncture treatment, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected before and after acupuncture sessions. HCs received no treatment and underwent one fMRI scan after enrollment. The intergroup differences in functional connectivity (FC) among the subcortical nucleus (SN) and fronto-parietal network (FPN) were compared between HCs and subjects with IA at baseline. Then, the intragroup FC differences between the pre- and post-treatment were analyzed in the IA group. A multiple linear regression model was further employed to fit the FC changes to symptom relief in the IA group. RESULTS In comparison to HCs, subjects with IA exhibited significantly heightened FC within and between the SN and FPN at baseline. After 40 days of acupuncture treatment, the FC within the FPN and between the SN and FPN were significantly decreased in individuals with IA. Symptom improvement in subjects with IA was well fitted by the decrease in FC between the left midbrain and ventral prefrontal cortex and between the left thalamus and ventral anterior prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION These findings confirmed the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the aberrant functional interactions among the SN and FPN, which may partly reflect the neurophysiological mechanism of acupuncture for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and HealthChengdu Sport UniversityChengduChina
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Affiliated Sport Hospital of Chengdu Sport UniversityChengduChina
- School of Rehabilitation and Health PreservationChengdu University of TCMChengduChina
- College of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityShapingbaChina
| | - Yun Qin
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of EducationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Hui Li
- School of MedicineChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of EducationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of EducationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jinnan Gong
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of EducationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Computer ScienceChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Chinese MedicineChengdu Eighth People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Chao Wen
- Department of RehabilitationZigong Fifth People's HospitalZigongChina
| | - Lingrui Zhang
- Department of MedicineLeshan Vocational and Technical CollegeLeshanChina
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of RehabilitationTCM Hospital of Longquanyi DistrictChengduChina
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of EducationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Research Unit of NeuroInformationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health PreservationChengdu University of TCMChengduChina
- Library, Chengdu University of TCMChengduChina
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Yang H, Yang K, Zhang L, Yang N, Mei YX, Zheng YL, He Y, Gong YJ, Ding WJ. Acupuncture ameliorates Mobile Phone Addiction with sleep disorders and restores salivary metabolites rhythm. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1106100. [PMID: 36896350 PMCID: PMC9989025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mobile Phone Addiction (MPA) is a novel behavioral addiction resulting in circadian rhythm disorders that severely affect mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to detect rhythmic salivary metabolites in MPA with sleep disorder (MPASD) subjects and investigate the effects of acupuncture. METHODS Six MPASD patients and six healthy controls among the volunteers were enrolled by MPA Tendency Scale (MPATS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), then the salivary samples of MPASD and healthy controls were collected every 4-h for three consecutive days. Acupuncture was administered for 7 days to MPASD subjects, then saliva samples were collected again. Salivary metabolomes were analyzed with the method of LC-MS. RESULT According to our investigation, 70 (57.85%) MPA patients and 56 (46.28%) MPASD patients were identified among 121 volunteers. The symptoms of the 6 MPASD subjects were significantly alleviated after acupuncture intervention. The number of rhythmic saliva metabolites dropped sharply in MPASD subjects and restored after acupuncture. Representative rhythmic saliva metabolites including melatonin, 2'-deoxyuridine, thymidine, thymidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate lost rhythm and restored after acupuncture, which may attribute to promising MPASD treatment and diagnosis biomarkers. The rhythmic saliva metabolites of healthy controls were mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, whereas polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis was mainly enriched in MPASD patients. CONCLUSION This study revealed circadian rhythm characteristics of salivary metabolites in MPASD and that acupuncture could ameliorate MPASD by restoring part of the dysrhythmia salivary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Mei
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Li Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Liu JL, Sun JT, Hu HL, Wang HY, Kang YX, Chen TQ, Chen ZH, Shang YX, Li YT, Hu B, Liu R. Structural and Functional Neural Alterations in Internet Addiction: A Study Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:69-74. [PMID: 36721888 PMCID: PMC9890045 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain structural and functional alterations in subjects with internet addiction (IA), however, with conflicting conclusions. We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies of voxelbased morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), to reach a consolidated conclusion and point out the future direction in this field. A comprehensive search of rsFC and VBM studies of IA will be conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve studies published from the inception dates to August 2021. If the extracted data are feasible, activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping methods will be used to meta-analyze the brain structural and functional changes in IA patients. This study will hopefully reach a consolidated conclusion on the impact of IA on human brain or point out the future direction in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Liu
- Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Ting Sun
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Lin Hu
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yun-Xi Kang
- Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- Institution of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhu-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Acupuncture mechanism studies employing task-based fMRI: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:128. [PMID: 35733154 PMCID: PMC9215030 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is a widely used alternative and complementary therapy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important technique to explore the underlying mechanism of acupuncture, and the task-based fMRI can reflect the instant effects or sustained effects of acupuncture in the brain. This scoping review aims to summarize the characteristics of acupuncture mechanism studies employing task-based fMRI and conclude a reference for future studies. METHODS/DESIGN This review will follow the Guidance for Conducting Scoping Reviews. Eligible articles will be collected from 7 databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM) with the related keywords such as "Acupuncture" and "fMRI"; those articles should be published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2021; and the language should be restricted in English or Chinese. Each research step will involve at least two reviewers. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) will be used to organize the review. Data will be extracted from the illegible articles, and findings will be presented in tables and narrative form. A descriptive qualitative approach to analysis will be conducted to form the scoping review. DISCUSSION This review aims to clarify the extent of acupuncture mechanism studies employing task-based fMRI. It is supposed to make a critical evaluation or propose quality requirements for future studies by summarizing the objectives and designs of eligible studies. What is more, directional suggestions will be provided for further studies. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://osf.io/zjrdc/ .
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Dai Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wen C, Zhu T. The modulation of mRNA levels of MAOA by electroacupuncture and psychotherapy in patients with pathological internet use. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:918729. [PMID: 36032227 PMCID: PMC9403867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.918729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) and psychotherapy (PT) effect on the mental status, sleep quality and impulsive trait in patients with pathological internet use, and to observe the changes of Monoamine oxidase type A (MAOA) messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in each group. METHODS A total of 60 PIU patients were included for the present study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: EA group and PT group. Baihui, Sishencong, Hegu, Neiguan, Shenmen, Taichong, Sanyinjiao and Xuanzhong were selected for acupuncture in the EA group, while group psychotherapy combined with individual psychotherapy was used for intervention in patients in the PT group. Young's Internet addiction Test (IAT), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Barratt Impulse Scale (BIS-11) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to observe the severity of Internet addiction, mental status, sleep quality and impulsive trait of all patients at baseline and 40th days of treatment; and MAOA mRNA data were collected at baseline and 40th days of treatment. RESULTS Electroacupuncture and psychological intervention effectively reduced IAT, SAS, SDS, Y-BOCS, BIS and PSQI scores of PIU patients. After 40 days treatment, the MAOA expression of the PT group was increased, and there was no significant change in EA group. The correlation analysis indicated that IAT scores were positively correlated with SAS, SDS, Y-BOCS, BIS and PSQI at baseline. In addition, after treatment the EA group showed that the change in IAT scores was positively correlated with the change in Y-BOCS and BIS scores, and the PT group showed that the change in IAT scores was positively correlated with the change in SDS, BIS and PSQI scores. CONCLUSION The present study showed that electroacupuncture and psychological intervention can improve severity of Internet addiction, mental status, sleep quality and impulsive trait of PIU patients. Simultaneously, neurobiological changes may be the underlying mechanisms of psychotherapy for internet additcion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China.,College of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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10
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Wang Y, Qin Y, Li H, Yao D, Sun B, Gong J, Dai Y, Wen C, Zhang L, Zhang C, Luo C, Zhu T. Identifying Internet Addiction and Evaluating the Efficacy of Treatment Based on Functional Connectivity Density: A Machine Learning Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665578. [PMID: 34220426 PMCID: PMC8247769 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mounting neuroimaging studies have greatly improved our understanding of the neurobiological mechanism underlying internet addiction (IA), the results based on traditional group-level comparisons are insufficient in guiding individual clinical practice directly. Specific neuroimaging biomarkers are urgently needed for IA diagnosis and the evaluation of therapy efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to develop support vector machine (SVM) models to identify IA and assess the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) based on unbiased functional connectivity density (FCD). Resting-state fMRI data were acquired from 27 individuals with IA before and after 8-week CBT sessions and 30 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). The discriminative FCDs were computed as the features of the support vector classification (SVC) model to identify individuals with IA from HCs, and the changes in these discriminative FCDs after treatment were further used as features of the support vector regression (SVR) model to evaluate the efficacy of CBT. Based on the informative FCDs, our SVC model successfully differentiated individuals with IA from HCs with an accuracy of 82.5% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91. Our SVR model successfully evaluated the efficacy of CBT using the FCD change ratio with a correlation efficient of 0.59. The brain regions contributing to IA classification and CBT efficacy assessment were the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), middle frontal cortex (MFC) and angular gyrus (AG), the right premotor cortex (PMC) and middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and the bilateral cerebellum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and superior frontal cortex (SFC). These findings confirmed the FCDs of hyperactive impulsive habit system, hypoactive reflecting system and sensitive interoceptive reward awareness system as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for IA, which might provide objective indexes for the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Qin
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinnan Gong
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zigong Fifth People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Lingrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, TCM Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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