1
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Mager LF, Krause T, McCoy KD. Interaction of microbiota, mucosal malignancies, and immunotherapy-Mechanistic insights. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:402-415. [PMID: 38521413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a crucial modulator of host-immune interactions and clearly impacts tumor development and therapy efficacy. The microbiome is a double-edged sword in cancer development and therapy as both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic bacterial taxa have been identified. The staggering number of association-based studies in various tumor types has led to an enormous amount of data that makes it difficult to identify bacteria that promote tumor development or modulate therapy efficacy from bystander bacteria. Here we aim to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of microbiome-host immunity interactions and cancer therapy in various mucosal tissues to find commonalities and thus identify potential functionally relevant bacterial taxa. Moreover, we also review recent studies identifying specific bacteria and mechanisms through which the microbiome modulates cancer development and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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2
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Acevedo S, Covarrubias AA, Haeger P, Pancetti F, Tala F, de la Fuente-Ortega E. Alginate Oligosaccharides Protect Gastric Epithelial Cells against Oxidative Stress Damage through Induction of the Nrf2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:618. [PMID: 38790723 PMCID: PMC11117588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric diseases represent a significant global public health challenge, characterized by molecular dysregulation in redox homeostasis and heightened oxidative stress. Although prior preclinical studies have demonstrated the cytoprotective antioxidant effects of alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) through the Nrf2 pathway, whether such mechanisms apply to gastric diseases remains unclear. In this study, we used the GES-1 gastric cell line exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a damage model to investigate the impact of AOS on cell viability and its associated mechanisms. Our results revealed that pre-incubation with AOS for either 4 h or 24 h significantly improved the viability of GES-1 cells exposed to H2O2. In addition, AOS reduced the intracellular ROS levels, activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with increased Nrf2 protein and mRNA expression and a significant upregulation of the target genes HO-1 and NQO1. The activation of Nrf2 was correlated with decreased Keap1 protein expression and an increased level of the autophagy protein p62/SQSTM1, suggesting the activation of Nrf2 through a noncanonical pathway. This study suggests that AOS is a potential treatment for protecting gastric epithelial cells from oxidative stress by activating the p62/SQSTM1-Keap1-Nrf2 axis and laying the foundation for future investigations about its specific therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Estrés Celular y Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
| | - Alejandra A. Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad del Alba, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Paola Haeger
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Conducta, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
| | - Floria Pancetti
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Fadia Tala
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera, SECOS, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Erwin de la Fuente-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Estrés Celular y Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
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3
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Zheng Y, Han F, Ho A, Xue Y, Wu Z, Chen X, Sandberg JK, Ma S, Leeansyah E. Role of MAIT cells in gastrointestinal tract bacterial infections in humans: More than a gut feeling. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:740-752. [PMID: 37353006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the largest population of unconventional T cells in humans. These antimicrobial T cells are poised with rapid effector responses following recognition of the cognate riboflavin (vitamin B2)-like metabolite antigens derived from microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. Presentation of this unique class of small molecule metabolite antigens is mediated by the highly evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein. In humans, MAIT cells are widely found along the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts owing to their high expression of chemokine receptors and homing molecules directing them to these tissue sites. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the roles MAIT cells play in various gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and how their roles appear to differ depending on the etiological agents and the anatomical location. We further discuss the potential mechanisms by which MAIT cells contribute to pathogen control, orchestrate adaptive immunity, as well as their potential contribution to inflammation and tissue damage during gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and the ensuing tissue repair following resolution. Finally, we propose and discuss the use of the emerging three-dimensional organoid technology to test different hypotheses regarding the role of MAIT cells in gastrointestinal bacterial infections, inflammation, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amanda Ho
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiting Xue
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Balendra V, Amoroso C, Galassi B, Esposto J, Bareggi C, Luu J, Scaramella L, Ghidini M. High-Salt Diet Exacerbates H. pylori Infection and Increases Gastric Cancer Risks. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1325. [PMID: 37763093 PMCID: PMC10533117 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth-leading contributor to global cancer incidence and the fourth-highest in terms of cancer-related mortality. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to inflammation and ulceration, atrophic and chronic gastritis, and eventually, increases the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. In this paper, we delve into the combined impact of a high-salt diet (HSD) and concurrent H. pylori infection, which act as predisposing factors for gastric malignancy. A multitude of mechanisms come into play, fostering the development of gastric adenocarcinoma due to the synergy between an HSD and H. pylori colonization. These encompass the disruption of mucosal barriers, cellular integrity, modulation of H. pylori gene expression, oxidative stress induction, and provocation of inflammatory responses. On the whole, gastric cancer patients were reported to have a higher median sodium intake with respect to healthy controls. H. pylori infection constitutes an additional risk factor, with a particular impact on the population with the highest daily sodium intake. Consequently, drawing from epidemiological discoveries, substantial evidence suggests that diminishing salt intake and employing antibacterial therapeutics could potentially lower the susceptibility to gastric cancer among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Barbara Galassi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Josephine Esposto
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L0G2, Canada;
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Jennie Luu
- The University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78235, USA;
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
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5
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Huang H, Zhong W, Wang X, Yang Y, Wu T, Chen R, Liu Y, He F, Li J. The role of gastric microecological dysbiosis in gastric carcinogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218395. [PMID: 37583514 PMCID: PMC10423824 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and reducing its mortality has become an urgent public health issue. Gastric microecological dysbiosis (including bacteria, fungi, viruses, acid suppressants, antibiotics, and surgery) can lead to gastric immune dysfunction or result in a decrease in dominant bacteria and an increase in the number and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms, which in turn promotes development of GC. This review analyzes the relationship between gastric microecological dysbiosis and GC, elucidates dynamic alterations of the microbiota in Correa's cascade, and identifies certain specific microorganisms as potential biomarkers of GC to aid in early screening and diagnosis. In addition, this paper presents the potential of gastric microbiota transplantation as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer, providing a new direction for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Ying Yang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmu Wu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Runyang Chen
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng He
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Yang L, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen J, Liu H. Progress in traditional Chinese medicine against chronic gastritis: From chronic non-atrophic gastritis to gastric precancerous lesions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16764. [PMID: 37313135 PMCID: PMC10258419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastritis (CG) is a persistent inflammation of the gastric mucosa that can cause uncomfortable symptoms in patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used to treat CG due to its precise efficacy, minimal side effects, and holistic approach. Clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of TCM in treating CG, although the mechanisms underlying this treatment have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarized the clinical research and mechanisms of TCM used to treat CG. Studies have shown that TCM mechanisms for CG treatment include H. pylori eradication, anti-inflammatory effects, immune modulation, regulation of gastric mucosal cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Yang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ya Li
- Lin ‘an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiabing Chen
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
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7
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Lim MCC, Jantaree P, Naumann M. The conundrum of Helicobacter pylori-associated apoptosis in gastric cancer. Trends Cancer 2023:S2405-8033(23)00080-8. [PMID: 37230895 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human microbial pathogen that colonizes the gastric epithelium and causes type B gastritis with varying degrees of active inflammatory infiltrates. The underlying chronic inflammation induced by H. pylori and other environmental factors may promote the development of neoplasms and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Dysregulation of various cellular processes in the gastric epithelium and in different cells of the microenvironment is a hallmark of H. pylori infection. We address the conundrum of H. pylori-associated apoptosis and review distinct mechanisms induced in host cells that either promote or suppress apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, often simultaneously. We highlight key processes in the microenvironment that contribute to apoptosis and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C C Lim
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Phatcharida Jantaree
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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8
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Beccaceci G, Sigal M. Unwelcome guests - the role of gland-associated Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171003. [PMID: 37152042 PMCID: PMC10160455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are Gram-negative bacteria that cause chronic gastritis and are considered the main risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori have evolved to survive the harsh luminal environment of the stomach and are known to cause damage and signaling aberrations in gastric epithelial cells, which can result in premalignant and malignant pathology. As well as colonizing the gastric mucus and surface epithelial cells, a subpopulation of H. pylori can invade deep into the gastric glands and directly interact with progenitor and stem cells. Gland colonization therefore bears the potential to cause direct injury to long-lived cells. Moreover, this bacterial subpopulation triggers a series of host responses that cause an enhanced proliferation of stem cells. Here, we review recent insights into how gastric gland colonization by H. pylori is established, the resulting pro-carcinogenic epithelial signaling alterations, as well as new insights into stem cell responses to infection. Together these point towards a critical role of gland-associated H. pylori in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Beccaceci
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Pinho SCM, Faria MA, Alves R, Cabrita ARJ, Fonseca AJM, M P L V O Ferreira I. Gastric epithelial response to milk fat using the semi-dynamic INFOGEST digestion model coupled with NCI-N87 cells. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112576. [PMID: 36914314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The stomach is a relevant spot of lipolysis for milk fat, but research on the effect of digested milk fat in the gastric epithelium is scarce and difficult to evaluate. In the present study, we implemented the semi-dynamic in vitro digestion model of INFOGEST, combined with gastric NCI-N87 cells, to study the effect of fat-free, whole conventional, and whole pasture-based milk on gastric epithelium. Cellular messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of membrane fatty acids receptors (GPR41, GPR84), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPX), and inflammatory molecules (NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) was assessed. No significant differences were observed in mRNA expression of GPR41, GPR84, SOD, GPX, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, after exposure of the NCI-N87 cells to milk digesta samples (p > 0.05). An increase of CAT mRNA expression was observed (p < 0.05), at a similar level, for all milk types. Whole milk digested samples induced higher mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-1β than fat-free milk (p < 0.05); while no differences were observed between whole conventional and whole pasture-based milk (p > 0.05). Moreover, the effect of milk digesta on gastric mRNA expression was studied in a scenario of subsequent stimulation of NCI-N87 monolayer with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. In these conditions, milk digesta samples increased CAT mRNA expression (p < 0.05), but had no effect in the expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-1β (p > 0.05). The increase of CAT mRNA expression suggests that milk fatty acids are used for energy production by gastric epithelial cells. Cellular antioxidant response to higher milk fatty acids availability could be associated to gastric epithelial inflammation, but did not contribute to increased inflammation in case of an external contact with IFN-γ. Besides, a conventional or a pasture-based origin did not affect the impact of whole milk in the NCI-N87 monolayer. The combined model responded to differences in milk fat content, which indicates its usefulness to study effects of foods at the gastric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C M Pinho
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Science and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Faria
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Science and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Alves
- SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações S.A., Estrada Nacional 109, Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 S. João Ovar, Portugal
| | - Ana R J Cabrita
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J M Fonseca
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Science and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Stancu MI, Giubelan A, Mitroi G, Istrate-Ofiţeru AM, Popescu G, Honţaru SO, Badea-Voiculescu O, Pîrşcoveanu DFV, Mogoantă SŞ, Mogoantă L. Assessment of tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinoma. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2023; 64:251-261. [PMID: 37518883 PMCID: PMC10520378 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.64.2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), despite the current possibilities of early diagnosis and curative treatment, remains a major public health problem, being one of the main causes of cancer, due to its detection in advanced stages. Screening programs applied in Western countries led to low incidence rates in these countries. Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection is considered to be the highest risk factor for the onset of GC because it causes chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa and damages hydrochloric acid secretory glands, eventually leading to atrophic gastritis, which has a potential to progress to GC. In our study, we aimed at assessing the tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinomas as approximately 90% of GCs are adenocarcinomas. Our study showed that the tumor microenvironment has an extremely complex morphological structure, totally different from the microscopic structure of the gastric wall, consisting of stromal cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, blood vessels, collagen fibers, extracellular connective matrix, other cells. The tumor microenvironment presents phenotypic, cellular and molecular heterogeneity; therefore, the microscopic aspect differs from one tumor to another and even from one region to another in the same tumor. Poorly or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas show a more intense desmoplastic reaction than well-differentiated ones. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive stromal cells (tumor-associated fibroblasts) and tumor macrophages were the most numerous cells of the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is the result of cooperation between tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune system cells and blood vessels. It allows tumor cells to multiply, grow and metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ionuţ Stancu
- PhD Student, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Giubelan
- PhD Student, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mitroi
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | - George Popescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bagdasar–Arseni Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Octavia Honţaru
- Department of Health Care and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sciences, Physical Education and Informatics, University of Piteşti, Romania
| | - Oana Badea-Voiculescu
- Department of Modern Languages, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Stelian Ştefăniţă Mogoantă
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- 3rd General Surgery Clinic, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania
| | - Laurenţiu Mogoantă
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Craiova Subsidiary, Romania
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11
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Most Active Probiotic Strains Able to Improve the Intestinal Barrier Functions and to Prevent Inflammatory Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030865. [PMID: 36979844 PMCID: PMC10046130 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The integrity of the intestinal barrier is fundamental to gut health and homeostasis; its damage can increase intestinal permeability, with translocation of bacteria and/or endotoxins from gut, and the onset of various intestinal diseases. Lactobacillus spp. is one of the most common probiotics normally found in fermented foods and dairy products and is known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and for its ability to protect and enhance the intestinal barrier functions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of different strains of Lactobacillus spp. to improve in vitro the integrity of the intestinal barrier, to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity and to prevent Salmonella Typhimurium and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) infections. Methods: We analyzed the cellular expression of tight junctions, antimicrobial peptide HBD-2, pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of pathogens adhesion and invasion in a model of co-cultured epithelial cells treated with Lactobacillus spp. Results: L. brevis, L. reuteri and L. rhamnosus proved to be more effective in protecting the intestinal epithelium. Conclusions: These in vitro studies can help select strains particularly active in their intended use to obtain consortia formulations that can have as much maximum yield as possible in terms of patient benefit.
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Nawaz M, Li X, Yue X, Gouife M, Huang K, Chen S, Ma R, Jiang J, Zhou S, Jin S, Wang Y, Xie J. Transcriptome profiling and differential expression analysis of the immune-related genes during the acute phase of infection with Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:342-348. [PMID: 36243271 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silver pomfret has been widely cultured in China due to its high economic value. Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (PDD) is a Gram-negative bacterium that has been shown to infect many fish species. To increase knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the host defense against PDD, we conducted transcriptome analysis of head kidney in silver pomfret at 24 h and 72 h post-infection (hpi) via Illumina sequencing. The de novo assembly resulted in the identification of 79,063 unigenes, with 59,386 (75.11%) successfully annotated in public databases (NR, NT, KO, Swiss-Prot, Pfam, GO, and KOG databases). Comparison of gene expression profiles between PBS-injected fish (sham control) and PDD-challenged fish revealed 329 and 570 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened at 24 hpi and 72 hpi, respectively. The DEGs were enriched in multiple immune-related pathways such as Hepatitis C, Gastric acid secretion, CAMs and Leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways, Primary immunodeficieny, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The data obtained in the present study offers valuable information for acute immune response of silver pomfret challenged with PDD, which will facilitate further investigations on strategies against Photobacterium spp. infection in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateen Nawaz
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xionglin Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xinyuan Yue
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Moussa Gouife
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Kejing Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Suyang Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Rongrong Ma
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jianhu Jiang
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Suming Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Shan Jin
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jiasong Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Qin D, Ma Y, Wang Y, Hou X, Yu L. Contribution of Lactobacilli on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Diseases: Perspectives and Challenges of Lactobacillus casei. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111910. [PMID: 36431045 PMCID: PMC9696601 DOI: 10.3390/life12111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intestine barrier, the front line of normal body defense, relies on its structural integrity, microbial composition and barrier immunity. The intestinal mucosal surface is continuously exposed to a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms. Although it occupies a relatively small proportion of the intestinal microbiota, Lactobacilli has been discovered to have a significant impact on the intestine tract in previous studies. It is undeniable that some Lactobacillus strains present probiotic properties through maintaining the micro-ecological balance via different mechanisms, such as mucosal barrier function and barrier immunity, to prevent infection and even to solve some neurology issues by microbiota-gut-brain/liver/lung axis communication. Notably, not only living cells but also Lactobacillus derivatives (postbiotics: soluble secreted products and para-probiotics: cell structural components) may exert antipathogenic effects and beneficial functions for the gut mucosal barrier. However, substantial research on specific effects, safety and action mechanisms in vivo should be done. In clinical application of humans and animals, there are still doubts about the precise evaluation of Lactobacilli's safety, therapeutic effect, dosage and other aspects. Therefore, we provide an overview of central issues on the impacts of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and their products on the intestinal mucosal barrier and some diseases and highlight the urgent need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Qin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-4596-819-290 (X.H. & L.Y.); Fax: +86-4596-819-292 (X.H. & L.Y.)
| | - Liyun Yu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-4596-819-290 (X.H. & L.Y.); Fax: +86-4596-819-292 (X.H. & L.Y.)
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Helicobacter Pylori and Gastric Cancer Progression. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Role of Gastric Microorganisms Other than Helicobacter pylori in the Development and Treatment of Gastric Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6263423. [PMID: 35321071 PMCID: PMC8938066 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6263423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment in the stomach is different from other digestive tracts, mainly because of the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, bile reflux, special mucus barrier, gastric peristalsis, and so on, which all contribute to the formation of antibacterial environment. Microecological disorders can lead to gastric immune disorders or lead to the decrease of dominant bacteria and the increase of the abundance and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms and then promote the occurrence of diseases. The body performs its immune function through innate and adaptive immunity and maintains microbial balance through the mechanism of immune homeostasis. Microecological imbalance can lead to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and damage mucosal barrier and immune system. The coexistence of gastric microorganisms (including viruses and fungi) may play a synergistic or antagonistic role in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases. Probiotics have the ability to compete with intestinal pathogens, increase the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA), stimulate the production of mucin, bacteriocin, and lactic acid, regulate the expression and secretion of cytokines, and regulate the growth of microbiota, which all have beneficial effects on the host microbial environment. At present, most studies focused on Helicobacter pylori, ignoring other stomach microbes and the overall stomach microecology. So, in this article, we reviewed advances in human gastric microecology, the relationship between gastric microecology and immunity or gastric diseases, and the treatment of probiotics in gastric diseases, in order to explore new area for further study of gastric microorganisms and treatment of gastric diseases.
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Wu Y, Zheng J, Yan Y, Liu J, Zhou Y. Gelsolin Can Be a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:927-936. [PMID: 35115818 PMCID: PMC8803610 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s339940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gelsolin (GSN) is the most widely expressed actin-severing protein in humans, which could regulate cell morphology, differentiation, movement and apoptosis. This study aims to explore the GSN as a prognostic biomarker of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). METHODS In this study, we used several online databases to comprehensively analyze the role of GSN in STAD. Oncomine and HPA databases were used to explore the GSN expression in various cancer, especially in gastric cancer. Then, UALCAN database was used to evaluate the relationship between GSN expression and promoter methylation in clinical characteristics. Finally, we used TIMER to analyze the correlation between GSN expression and immune infiltrates in gastric cancer. RESULTS GSN was down-regulated in gastric cancer, and decreased expression of GSN was related to worse survival. The GSN expression was significantly related to tumor purity in STAD and significantly correlated with infiltrating level of various immune cells, especially the dendritic cells. CONCLUSION Our study proposes that GSN can be served as the biomarker of disease and neoantigen for STAD treatment, which can improve the deficiency of disease-specific targeted therapies currently exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Yan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiduo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
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Interdisciplinary insights into the link between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis-what is currently known? Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:1-10. [PMID: 34741681 PMCID: PMC8732854 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, gastric cancer is one of the leading death-related cancer globally. The etiopathogenesis of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes among others dysbiotic alterations of gastric microbiota. Molecular techniques revealed that stomach is not a sterile organ and it is resides with ecosystem of microbes. Due to the fact that the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in development of gastric cancer is established and well-studied, this paper is mainly focused on the role of other bacterial as well as viral and fungal gut microbiota imbalance in gastric carcinogenesis. Notably, not only the composition of gastric microbiota may play an important role in development of gastric cancer, but also its activity. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, N-nitroso compounds, and lactate, may significantly affect gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, this paper discussed aforementioned aspects with the interdisciplinary insights (regarding also immunological point of view) into the association between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis based on up-to-date studies.
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Suárez LJ, Arboleda S, Angelov N, Arce RM. Oral Versus Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune Niches in Homeostasis and Allostasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705206. [PMID: 34290715 PMCID: PMC8287884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different body systems (epidermis, respiratory tract, cornea, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract) are in continuous direct contact with innocuous and/or potentially harmful external agents, exhibiting dynamic and highly selective interaction throughout the epithelia, which function as both a physical and chemical protective barrier. Resident immune cells in the epithelia are constantly challenged and must distinguish among antigens that must be either tolerated or those to which a response must be mounted for. When such a decision begins to take place in lymphoid foci and/or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, the epithelia network of immune surveillance actively dominates both oral and gastrointestinal compartments, which are thought to operate in the same immune continuum. However, anatomical variations clearly differentiate immune processes in both the mouth and gastrointestinal tract that demonstrate a wide array of independent immune responses. From single vs. multiple epithelia cell layers, widespread cell-to-cell junction types, microbial-associated recognition receptors, dendritic cell function as well as related signaling, the objective of this review is to specifically contrast the current knowledge of oral versus gut immune niches in the context of epithelia/lymphoid foci/MALT local immunity and systemic output. Related differences in 1) anatomy 2) cell-to-cell communication 3) antigen capture/processing/presentation 4) signaling in regulatory vs. proinflammatory responses and 5) systemic output consequences and its relations to disease pathogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silie Arboleda
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Riboflavin intake, MTRR genetic polymorphism (rs1532268) and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1026-1033. [PMID: 34078503 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin B group, including riboflavin, plays paramount roles in one-carbon metabolism (OCM), and disorders related to this pathway have been linked to cancer development. The variants of genes encoding OCM enzymes and the insufficiency of B vitamins could contribute to carcinogenesis. Very few observational studies have revealed a relationship between riboflavin and gastric cancer (GC), especially under conditions of modified genetic factors. We carried out a study examining the association of riboflavin intake and its interaction with MTRR (rs1532268) genetic variants with GC risk among 756 controls and 377 cases. The OR and 95 % CI were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression models. We observed protective effects of riboflavin intake against GC, particularly in the female subgroup (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI 0·28, 0·97, Ptrend = 0·031). In the MTRR (rs1532268) genotypes analysis, the dominant model showed that the effects of riboflavin differed between the CC and CT + TT genotypes. Compared with CC carriers, low riboflavin intake in T+ carriers was significantly associated with a 93 % higher GC risk (OR = 1·93, 95 % CI 1·09, 3·42, Pinteraction = 0·037). In general, higher riboflavin intake might help reduce the risk of GC in both CC and TC + TT carriers, particularly the T+ carriers, with marginal significance (OR = 0·54, 95 % CI 0·28, 1·02, Pinteraction = 0·037). Our study indicates a protective effect of riboflavin intake against GC. Those who carry at least one minor allele and have low riboflavin intake could modify this association to increase GC risk in the Korean population.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human stomach is a complex and diverse microbial ecosystem. Consecutive alternations of gastric microbiota occur in gastric carcinogenesis, while the changing pattern during this process remains controversial across studies. We aim to identify the changes in the diversity and composition of gastric mucosal microbiota in gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search through PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, as well as conference proceedings and references of review articles for observational articles reporting either the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum or genus level or at least one of the alpha diversity indexes respectively and clearly in both gastric cancer and non-cancer groups. Selection of studies and data extraction will be performed independently by two researchers. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Risk of bias will be assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Quantitative analyses will be performed using a random effects model, where the effect measurement will be expressed as the MD. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for this systematic review is not required, as the study is based exclusively on published documents and will not include any individual data. Findings of this study are expected to be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020206973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and EBM, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yizhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yingyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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