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Anane J, Owusu E, Rivera G, Bandyopadhyay D. Iron-Imine Cocktail in Drug Development: A Contemporary Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2263. [PMID: 38396940 PMCID: PMC10888693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometallic drug development is still in its early stage, but recent studies show that organometallics having iron as the central atom have the possibility of becoming good drug candidates because iron is an important micro-nutrient, and it is compatible with many biological systems, including the human body. Being an eco-friendly Lewis acid, iron can accept the lone pair of electrons from imino(sp2)-nitrogen, and the resultant iron-imine complexes with iron as a central atom have the possibility of interacting with several proteins and enzymes in humans. Iron-imine complexes have demonstrated significant potential with anticancer, bactericidal, fungicidal, and other medicinal activities in recent years. This article systematically discusses major synthetic methods and pharmacological potentials of iron-imine complexes having in vitro activity to significant clinical performance from 2016 to date. In a nutshell, this manuscript offers a simplistic view of iron complexes in medicinal inorganic chemistry: for instance, iron is presented as an "eco-friendly non-toxic" metal (as opposed to platinum) that will lead to non-toxic pharmaceuticals. The abundant literature on iron chelators shows that many iron complexes, particularly if redox-active in cells, can be quite cytotoxic, which can be beneficial for future targeted therapies. While we made every effort to include all the related papers, any omission is purely unintentional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anane
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Esther Owusu
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (SEEMS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
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Majd MH, Guo X. Investigation of the Apoptosis Inducing and β-catenin Silencing by Tetradentate Schiff Base Zinc(II) Complex on the T-47D Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:1740-1746. [PMID: 37171012 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230511124547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several mechanisms are known for the anticancer effects of cisplatin. However, its most wellknown function involves binding to DNA and activating the DNA damage response. METHODS Despite its good effects, the treatment process often leads to chemoresistance and affects the mechanisms that support cell survival, such as pathways that promote cell growth, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and endocytosis. For this reason, we investigated the effects of a new metal complex (tetradentate Schiff base zinc(II) complex) on breast cancer cells (T-47D). We evaluated its effect on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and drug resistance in comparison to cisplatin. RESULTS The results of the MTT test showed that tetradentate Schiff base zinc(II) complex has good cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin. The IC50 values for the [Zn(SB)]Cl2 complex and cisplatin after 72 h of exposure were equal to 42.1 and 276.1 μM, respectively. Real-time PCR assay confirmed that the [Zn(SB)]Cl2 complex activated the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and increased the expression of Bak1 and caspase-3 genes significantly compared to cisplatin. More importantly, the [Zn(SB)]Cl2 was able to reduce the expression of the β-catenin gene, which plays a role in drug resistance, by 0.011 compared to the control. CONCLUSION Therefore, we can hope for this new complex because, without the help of any β-catenin silencing agent, it was able to inhibit the drug resistance in the T-47D cell line that overexpresses the β-catenin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Heidari Majd
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
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Zong LP, Chen X, Zhu D, Li XJ, Li F, Cosnier S, Zhang XJ, Marks RS, Shan D. Schiff Base Complexes with Covalently Anchored Luminophores: Self-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Neomycin. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3085-3093. [PMID: 36222744 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) amplification strategy was established aiming to overcome the inherent shortcomings of the current oxygen (O2) coreactant ECL systems. Macrocyclic Schiff base Fe complexes were rationally designed as a novel integrated ECL emitter by iminium linkage between N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde (PDL) and postmetalation of the macrocyclic Schiff base. Covalently combining luminophore ABEI with a catalytic center endowed the novel ECL emitter with both remarkable redox electrocatalytic properties and significantly enhanced ECL efficiency. The high content of ferrous iron and the dominantly active low-spin Fe state greatly contributed to the inherent catalytic activity for O2 activation. The rational modification of luminophore optimized the spatial distribution and simultaneously shortened the species transport distance of coreactant radicals generated in situ from dissolved O2, resulting in significantly self-enhanced ECL efficiency. Neomycin, which posed a growing threat to aquatic biodiversity and environmental safety, as the model antibiotic was successfully detected with a detection limit of 0.21 pM (S/N = 3), clarifying a promising application prospect of this new luminophore-embedded ECL amplification strategy in biological analysis and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Dunru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Jie Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Serge Cosnier
- University of Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, GrenobleF-38000, France
| | - Xue-Ji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, P. R. China
| | - Robert S Marks
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva84105, Israel
| | - Dan Shan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
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Pincer Complexes Derived from Tridentate Schiff Bases for Their Use as Antimicrobial Metallopharmaceuticals. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the current challenges in medicinal chemistry, the development of new and better therapeutic agents effective against infectious diseases produced by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites stands out. With chemotherapy as one of the main strategies against these diseases focusing on the administration of organic and inorganic drugs, the latter is generally based on the synergistic effect produced by the formation of metal complexes with biologically active organic compounds. In this sense, Schiff bases (SBs) represent and ideal ligand scaffold since they have demonstrated a broad spectrum of antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. In addition, SBs are synthesized in an easy manner from one-step condensation reactions, being thus suitable for facile structural modifications, having the imine group as a coordination point found in most of their metal complexes, and promoting chelation when other donor atoms are three, four, or five bonds apart. However, despite the wide variety of metal complexes found in the literature using this type of ligands, only a handful of them include on their structures tridentate SBs ligands and their biological evaluation has been explored. Hence, this review summarizes the most important antimicrobial activity results reported this far for pincer-type complexes (main group and d-block) derived from SBs tridentate ligands.
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Spectroscopic investigation, molecular structure, catalytic activity with computational studies of a novel Pd(II) complex incorporating unsymmetrical tetradentate Schiff base ligand. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Dithiocarbazate Ligand-Based Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Investigations, Cytotoxicity, DNA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:2004052. [PMID: 35959229 PMCID: PMC9357781 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
S-4-methylbenzyl-β-N-(2-methoxybenzylmethylene)dithiocarbazate ligand, 1, prepared from S-(4-methylbenzyl)dithiocarbazate, was used to produce a novel series of transition metal complexes of the type, [M (L)2] [M = Cu(II) (2), Ni(II) (3), and Zn(II) (4), L = 1]. The ligand and its complexes were investigated by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C-NMR, MS spectrometry, and molar conductivity. In addition, single X-ray crystallography was also performed for ligand, 1, and complex 3. The Hirshfeld surface analyses were also performed to know about various bonding interactions in the ligand, 1, and complex 3. The investigated compounds were also tested to evaluate their cytotoxic behaviour. However, complex 2 showed promising results against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-213 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the interaction of CT-DNA with ligand, 1, and complex 2 was also studied using the electronic absorption method, revealing that the compounds have potential DNA-binding ability via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. A molecular docking study of complex 2 was also carried out, which revealed that free binding free energy value was −7.39 kcal mol−1.
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Zhao P, Liu D, Hu H, Qiu Z, Liang Y, Chen Z. Anticancer activity of four trinuclear cobalt complexes bearing bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 233:111860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Spectral, Structural, and Antibacterial Study of Copper(II) Complex with N2O2 Donor Schiff Base Ligand and Its Usage in Preparation of CuO Nanoparticles. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8913874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Schiff base complex, Cu(H2L)2 (H3L: 6,6
-((1E,1
E)-((azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol)), through the reaction of ligand H3L with Cu(NO3)2 3H2O, in the ratio of 2 : 1 in methanol solvent was prepared. The obtained ligand (H3L) was characterized by FT-IR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR and elemental analyses. Then its copper(II) complex was prepared and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal studies, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray crystallography revealed that the two H3L ligands in bidentate fashion coordinated to one copper center for producing Cu(H2L)2 complex. We used copper(II) Schiff base complex, Cu(H2L)2, for the preparation of CuO nanoparticles via solid-state thermal decomposition. The crystalline structure of the product was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD indicated that the new product was copper oxide. SEM image showed that the size of CuO nanoparticles was between 46 and 53 nm, and they had uniform shape. The antibacterial properties of the complex and ligand were also investigated. The results revealed that Schiff base complex showed higher biological activity than Schiff base ligand.
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Wen X, Chen W, Hou J, Wu H, Liu Y, Sun C. SYNTHESES, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF COBALT(III) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM 2-(((2- (PYRROLIDIN-1-YL)ETHYL)IMINO)METHYL) PHENOL WITH THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Manas Bandyopadhyay, Sengupta U, Periyasamy M, Mukhopadhyay S, Hasija A, Chopra D, Özdemir N, Said MA, Bera MK. Cu(II)(PhOMe-Salophen) Complex: Greener Pasture Biological Study, XRD/HAS Interactions, and MEP. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022; 67. [PMCID: PMC10028762 DOI: 10.1134/s0036023623700274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
PhOMe-salophen (1b) (salophen is N,N-bis(salycilidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine with two tert-butyl on each ring) and Cu(II) complex with PhOMe-salophen (1c) have been synthesized and characterized using various tools, including X-ray diffraction for the Cu(II)-complex (1c, C43H52CuN2O3)). The copper complex has been obtained by Cu2+ templated approach using 1b. PhOMe-salophen (1b) has been obtained in reasonably high yield using a mixture of the Schiff-base, 1a, Pd(OAc)2, PPh3, Na2CO3, 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid in benzene. We focus in this research work on the electronic and structural properties of the Cu–Schiff base complex. The tetra-coordinate τ4 index was calculated, indicating almost a perfect square planner in agreement with X-ray diffraction results. MEP reveals the maximum positive regions in 1/-associated with the azomethine and methoxyphenyl C–H bonds with an average value of 0.03 a.u. Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA) was also studied to highlight the significant inter-atomic contacts and their percentage contribution through 2D Fingerprint plot. In a fair comparative molecular docking study, 1b and 1c were docked together with N-[{(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-carbonyl}alanyl}-l-valyl]-N1-((1R,2Z)-4-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-1-[{(3R)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl}methyl]but-2-enyl)-l-leucinamide, N3 against main protease Mpro, (PDB code 7BQY) using the same parameters and conditions. Interesting here to use the free energy, in silico, molecular docking approach, which aims to rank our molecules with respect to the well-known inhibitor, N3. The binding scores of 1b, 1c, N3 are –7.8, –9.0, and –8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. These preliminary results propose that ligands deserve additional study in the context of possible remedial agents for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur P.O. Botanic Garden, 7111103 Howrah, India
| | - Utsav Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur P.O. Botanic Garden, 7111103 Howrah, India
| | - Muthaimanoj Periyasamy
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, 7111103 Howrah, India
| | - Sudipta Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, 7111103 Howrah, India
| | - Avantika Hasija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Rd, Bhauri, 462066 Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Rd, Bhauri, 462066 Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Namık Özdemir
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Musa A. Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, 30002 Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mrinal K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur P.O. Botanic Garden, 7111103 Howrah, India
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Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Some Fe(III) Complexes Bearing Unsymmetrical Salen-Type Ligands Derived from 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde and Substituted Salicylaldehydes. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8028064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six Fe(III) complexes bearing unsymmetrical salen-type ligands derived from 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and substituted salicylaldehydes were synthesized by coordinating the unsymmetrical salen-type ligands with FeCl3.6H2O. The synthetic complexes were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS), effective magnetic moments (μeff), and infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra. The spectroscopic data are in good agreement with the suggested molecular formulae of the complexes. Their cyclic voltammetric studies in acetonitrile solutions showed that the Fe(III)/Fe(II) reduction processes are electrochemically irreversible. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the obtained complexes was screened on human cancer cell lines KB (a subline of Hela tumor cell line) and HepG2 (a human liver cancer cell line) and a normal human cell line HEK-293 (Human Embryonic Kidney cell line). The results showed that the synthetic Fe(III) complexes are highly cytotoxic and quite selective. The synthetic complexes bearing unsymmetrical salen-type ligands with different substituted groups in the salicyl ring indicate different cytotoxicity.
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